Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome teaching breathing warm manikin

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of respiratory warming manikins, and more specifically, to a respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. The respiratory warming manikin includes a manikin body and an exhalation component, an inhalation component, and a breathing tube disposed within the manikin body. The manikin body is provided with a heating wire. The outlet end of the exhalation component and the inhalation component are respectively connected to one end of the breathing tube. The other end of the breathing tube is provided with an oral breathing tube and a nasal breathing tube. The breathing tube is provided with a breathing regulating valve for simulating upper airway collapse and obstruction. The oral breathing tube is provided with an oral breathing valve, and the free end thereof extends into the mouth of the manikin body. The nasal breathing tube is provided with a nasal breathing valve, and the free end thereof extends into the nostrils of the manikin body. The present invention can effectively simulate the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, and is beneficial for visualizing and vividly teaching medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of breathing warm-body manikins, and in particular to a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Background Art

[0002] Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is mainly manifested by apnea or low ventilation. Apnea is manifested as upper airway obstruction during sleep, with oral and nasal airflow disappearing or significantly weakened (decreased by more than 90% compared with the baseline amplitude) lasting for more than 10 seconds, but at the same time, chest and abdominal breathing movements still exist; hypoventilation is manifested as oral and nasal airflow decreasing by more than 30% compared with the baseline level and lasting for more than 10 seconds.

[0003] Existing heated breathing manikins are unable to simulate the respiratory characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. For example, Chinese invention patent application number CN201610631456.7, titled "A New Heated Manikin System," and Chinese utility model patent application number CN202021765689.4, titled "Respiratory Function Manikin," only provide simple breathing simulation.

[0004] Up to now, there is still no good teaching aids for classroom teaching of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in the teaching of medical students in medical universities, which has caused certain difficulties in the vivid and vivid medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a breathing warm-body manikin suitable for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the existing technology and provide a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, which can well simulate the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and is conducive to the visual and vivid medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a breathing warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, comprising a manikin body and an exhalation component, an inhalation component and a breathing tube arranged in the manikin body, wherein the manikin body is provided with a heating wire; wherein,

[0008] The air outlet end of the exhalation component and the air inlet end of the inhalation component are respectively connected to one end of the breathing circuit, and the other end of the breathing circuit is provided with an oral breathing tube and a nasal breathing tube. The breathing circuit is provided with a breathing regulating valve for simulating the collapse and obstruction of the human upper airway; the oral breathing tube is provided with an oral breathing valve and the free end thereof extends into the mouth of the dummy body; the nasal breathing tube is provided with a nasal breathing valve and the free end thereof extends into the nostrils of the dummy body.

[0009] Further provided is a specific structure of an exhalation assembly and an inhalation assembly, wherein the exhalation assembly includes an exhalation circuit and an exhalation power component, an air pressure stabilizing tank, an exhalation bypass circuit, an exhalation flow meter, and an exhalation ratio control valve sequentially arranged on the exhalation circuit along the direction of exhalation airflow, wherein the exhalation bypass circuit is provided with an exhalation bypass regulating valve;

[0010] The air intake assembly includes an air intake pipeline and an air intake proportional control valve, an air intake flow meter, an air intake bypass pipeline and an air intake power component sequentially arranged on the air intake pipeline along the air intake flow direction, wherein the air intake bypass pipeline is provided with an air intake bypass regulating valve;

[0011] In order to further better regulate the exhaled gas pressure, the air pressure stabilizing box has two air pressure stabilizing boxes with different volumes and connected in parallel. The inlet of each air pressure stabilizing box is provided with an inlet regulating valve, and the outlet of each air pressure stabilizing box is provided with an outlet regulating valve.

[0012] In order to ensure the cleanliness of the gas, the exhalation component further includes an exhalation filter, which is arranged on the exhalation pipeline and located between the exhalation power component and the air pressure stabilizing box;

[0013] The inhalation component further comprises an inhalation filter, which is arranged on the exhalation pipeline and is located behind the inhalation power component along the inhalation airflow direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the exhalation power component is an exhalation compressor, and the inhalation power component is an inhalation compressor.

[0015] In order to simulate the actual human breathing situation more realistically, the exhalation component and the inhalation component are configured to operate alternately, and a time interval is set between the cessation of the exhalation component and the next operation of the inhalation component;

[0016] When the exhalation component is operated once, the instantaneous exhalation flow of the exhalation component changes in a sinusoidal wave; when the inhalation component is operated once, the instantaneous inhalation flow of the inhalation component also changes in a sinusoidal wave.

[0017] In order to make the surface temperature of the warm manikin more stable and uniform, the main model of the manikin is divided into 16 temperature zones, and each temperature zone is provided with the heating wire at intervals of 6 mm. The heating wire is a nickel-chromium heating wire with a width and thickness of 2 mm and 0.2 mm.

[0018] In order to simulate human skin and make the surface temperature of the manikin more stable, the nickel-chromium heating wire of the manikin body is covered with a skin layer, which includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0019] The inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer are respectively formed by applying quick-drying epoxy glue mixed with epoxy resin and curing agent;

[0020] The ratio of the curing agent in the inner layer is greater than the ratio of the curing agent in the middle layer and greater than the ratio of the curing agent in the outer layer.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention provides a breathing control valve on the breathing tube. By adjusting the breathing control valve, the cross-sectional area of ​​the breathing tube can be adjusted to different sizes, simulating the collapse and obstruction of the human upper airway, thereby simulating various degrees of upper airway obstruction such as apnea or hypopnea, where the oral and nasal airflow disappears or is significantly weakened. Furthermore, when the nasal breathing valve on the nasal breathing tube is open and the oral breathing valve on the oral breathing tube is closed, the breathing warmer manikin performs a real nasal breathing process; when the nasal breathing valve on the nasal breathing tube is closed and the oral breathing valve on the oral breathing tube is open, the breathing warmer manikin performs a mouth breathing process, enabling more detailed simulation of specific symptoms. The heating wire installed can heat the manikin body to simulate the temperature of a real human body. The human body surface temperature can make the exhaled gas closer to the human body temperature, making the simulation more realistic and reliable, while also overcoming the influence of the external ambient temperature on the manikin's internal respiratory gas. Therefore, the entire breathing warmer manikin is beneficial for visualizing and vividly teaching medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 An enlarged view of the head of a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a temperature comparison diagram of the respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome of the present invention using different heating wire laying intervals;

[0025] Figure 4A temperature comparison diagram showing whether a skin layer is applied to a breathing warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to the present invention;

[0026] In the figure, 1. dummy body; 2. exhalation component; 20. exhalation filter; 21. exhalation line; 22. exhalation power unit; 23. air pressure regulating box; 24. exhalation bypass line; 25. exhalation flow meter; 26. exhalation proportion control valve; 27. exhalation bypass regulating valve; 28. inlet regulating valve; 29. ​​outlet regulating valve; 3. inhalation component; 31. inhalation line; 32. inhalation proportion control valve; 33. inhalation flow meter; 34. inhalation bypass line; 35. inhalation power unit; 36. inhalation bypass regulating valve; 37. inhalation filter; 4. breathing line; 41. oral breathing tube; 42. nasal breathing tube; 43. breathing regulating valve; 44. oral breathing valve; 45. nasal breathing valve; 5. patch temperature sensor; 6. electrical control box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a breathing warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome comprises a manikin body 1 and an exhalation component 2, an inhalation component 3 and a breathing tube 4 arranged in the manikin body 1; the manikin body 1 is provided with a heating wire; wherein,

[0029] The air outlet end of the exhalation component 2 and the air inlet end of the inhalation component 3 are respectively connected to one end of the breathing tube 4, and the other end of the breathing tube 4 is provided with an oral breathing tube 41 and a nasal breathing tube 42. The breathing tube 4 is provided with a breathing regulating valve 43 for simulating the collapse and obstruction of the human upper airway; the oral breathing tube 41 is provided with an oral breathing valve 44 and the free end thereof extends into the mouth of the dummy body 1; the nasal breathing tube 42 is provided with a nasal breathing valve 45 and the free end thereof extends into the nostrils of the dummy body 1.

[0030] It should be noted that the exhalation component 2 and the inhalation component 3 are both located inside the dummy body 1. Figure 1 The exhalation component 2 and the inhalation component 3 are pulled outside just for the convenience of illustration.

[0031] Specifically, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is a disease in which the upper airway partially or completely collapses due to various reasons during sleep, resulting in apnea and hypoventilation. In this embodiment, a breathing control valve 43 is provided on the breathing tube 4. By adjusting the breathing control valve 43, the gas passing cross-sectional area of ​​the breathing tube 4 can be adjusted to different sizes to simulate the collapse and obstruction of the human upper airway, thereby simulating various degrees of upper airway obstruction in the case of apnea or hypoventilation, in which the oral and nasal airflow disappears or is significantly weakened (the opening size of the breathing control valve 43 corresponds to the severity of obstructive respiratory syndrome. Under normal circumstances, the opening of the breathing control valve 43 is fully open and the outlet respiratory rate is stable; when the symptoms are mild, the opening of the breathing control valve 43 is slightly reduced and the outlet rate is slightly accelerated; when the symptoms are more serious, the opening of the breathing control valve 43 becomes significantly smaller, and the exhaled air rate becomes very fast and rapid; in the case of complete blockage, the breathing control valve 43 is closed and no air is exhaled). Furthermore, when the nasal breathing valve 45 on the nasal breathing tube 43 is open and the oral breathing valve 44 on the oral breathing tube 42 is closed, the breathing manikin performs real nasal breathing. When the nasal breathing valve 45 on the nasal breathing tube 43 is closed and the oral breathing valve 44 on the oral breathing tube 42 is open, the breathing manikin performs mouth breathing, enabling more detailed simulation of specific symptoms. The applied heating wire heats the manikin body 1, simulating the temperature of a real human body. The human body surface temperature makes the exhaled air closer to human body temperature, making the simulation more realistic and reliable, while also overcoming the influence of the external ambient temperature on the manikin's internal respiratory air. Therefore, the breathing manikin facilitates visual and vivid medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the exhalation assembly 2 includes an exhalation line 21 and an exhalation power unit 22, an air pressure stabilizing tank 23, an exhalation bypass line 24, an exhalation flow meter 25, and an exhalation ratio control valve 26, which are sequentially arranged on the exhalation line 21 along the direction of the exhalation flow. The exhalation bypass line 24 is provided with an exhalation bypass regulating valve 27.

[0033] The intake assembly 3 includes an intake pipeline 31 and an intake proportional control valve 32, an intake flow meter 33, an intake bypass pipeline 34 and an intake power part 35 arranged in sequence on the intake pipeline 31 along the direction of the intake air flow. An intake bypass regulating valve 36 is arranged on the intake bypass pipeline 34.

[0034] A pressure gauge is also installed on the expiratory line 21 between the outlet regulating valve 29 and the expiratory bypass line 24. When the system expiratory pressure exceeds the set expiratory pressure value, the system automatically disconnects the circuit of the expiratory power unit 22, causing the expiratory power unit 22 to shut down, thereby preventing the expiratory pressure from exceeding the set value required for operation. The expiratory power unit 22 can be, but is not limited to, an expiratory compressor, and the inhalation power unit 35 can be, but is not limited to, an inhalation compressor.

[0035] Specifically, adjusting the opening of the expiratory bypass regulating valve 27 on the expiratory bypass line 24 can adjust the total expiratory volume per minute of the entire expiratory assembly 2, with the instantaneous expiratory flow rate displayed digitally on the expiratory flowmeter 25. Adjusting the opening of the inhalation bypass regulating valve 36 on the inhalation bypass line 34 can adjust the total inhaled volume per minute of the entire inhalation assembly 3, with the instantaneous inhaled flow rate displayed digitally on the inhalation flowmeter 33.

[0036] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the air pressure stabilizing tank 23 has two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 with different volumes and connected in parallel. The inlet of each air pressure stabilizing tank 23 is provided with an inlet regulating valve 28 , and the outlet of each air pressure stabilizing tank 23 is provided with an outlet regulating valve 29 .

[0037] Specifically, by switching the inlet regulating valves 28 and outlet regulating valves 29 of the two air surge tanks 23, the two air surge tanks 23 can have different total effective volumes. By adjusting the opening degrees of the inlet regulating valves 28 and outlet regulating valves 29, different exhaled gas pressure values ​​can be achieved, meeting a wide range of simulation requirements. More specifically, when the total effective volume of the two air surge tanks 23 is relatively large, more gas will enter. When the outlet regulating valve 29 is opened to a certain degree, the pressure will be consistently maintained at a certain value. When the total effective volume of the two air surge tanks 23 is relatively small, the pressure will be lower when the outlet regulating valve 29 is opened to the same degree.

[0038] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, one air pressure tank 23 has a capacity of 10L, its inlet regulating valve 28 is labeled Vi_i1, and its outlet regulating valve 29 is labeled Vo_o1. The other air pressure tank 23 has a capacity of 5L, its inlet regulating valve 28 is labeled Vi_i2, and its outlet regulating valve 29 is labeled Vo_o2. When Vi_i1 and Vo_o1 are simultaneously closed, and Vi_i2 and Vo_o2 are simultaneously open, the effective capacity of the two air pressure tanks 23 is 5L. When Vi_i1 and Vo_o1 are simultaneously open, and Vi_i2 and Vo_o2 are simultaneously closed, the effective capacity of the two air pressure tanks 23 is 10L. When Vi_i1, Vo_o1, Vi_i2, and Vo_o2 are simultaneously open, the effective capacity of the two air pressure tanks 23 is 15L.

[0039] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the exhalation assembly 2 further includes an exhalation filter 20, which is disposed on the exhalation line 21 and located between the exhalation power component 22 and the air pressure stabilizing box 23;

[0040] The inhalation assembly 3 further includes an inhalation filter 37 . The inhalation filter 37 is disposed on the exhalation pipe 21 and is located after the inhalation power component 35 along the inhalation airflow direction.

[0041] Specifically, an exhalation filter 20 is placed between the exhalation power unit 22 and the air pressure tank 23 to ensure clean air entering the air pressure tank 23, thereby preventing blockage in downstream pipelines. An exhaust filter 37 is connected to the outlet of the inhalation power unit 35. This ensures that the air inhaled by the breathing manikin is clean after passing through the inhalation power unit 35 and is discharged through the inhalation pipeline 21. This does not affect the air quality and cleanliness of the entire experimental space where the breathing manikin is located, and also prevents the inhalation component 3 from clogging the pipeline due to inhaling unclean air within the experimental space.

[0042] The exhalation filter 20 and the inhalation filter 37 may both be high efficiency particle filters.

[0043] In one embodiment, the exhalation component 2 and the inhalation component 3 are configured to operate alternately, and a time interval is set between the stop of the exhalation component 2 and the next operation of the inhalation component 3;

[0044] When the exhalation component 2 is operated once, the instantaneous exhalation flow of the exhalation proportional control valve 26 changes in a sinusoidal wave; when the inhalation component 3 is operated once, the instantaneous inhalation flow of the inhalation proportional control valve 32 also changes in a sinusoidal wave.

[0045] Specifically, when the exhalation pressure reaches the set exhalation pressure value, the electronic control system immediately supplies power to the exhalation proportional control valve 26, so that the instantaneous outlet flow of the exhalation proportional control valve 26 changes in the form of a sine wave, thereby simulating the instantaneous exhalation air flow of the human body in the form of a sine wave, which is closer to the real situation and more realistic; when the exhalation duration reaches the preset time, the exhalation power component 22 and the exhalation proportional control valve 26 are closed, and after waiting for the preset time interval, the inhalation power component 35 and the inhalation proportional control valve 32 are opened and operated, and the instantaneous inhalation flow of the inhalation proportional control valve 32 also changes in the form of a sine wave, thereby simulating the instantaneous inhalation air flow of the human body in the form of a sine wave, which is closer to the real situation and more realistic.

[0046] In one embodiment, to better simulate the temperature distribution on the surface of a real human body, the main model of the mannequin 1 is divided into 16 temperature zones. Each zone is equipped with heating wires at 6mm intervals. The heating wires are nickel-chromium heating wires with a width x thickness of 2mm x 0.2mm. Each temperature zone is equipped with a surface-mount temperature sensor 5. A circuit board connects the surface-mount temperature sensors 5 and the nickel-chromium heating wires in each of the 16 temperature zones. The circuit board is configured to control the temperature or heat of the nickel-chromium heating wires in the corresponding temperature zone based on the temperature feedback from each surface-mount temperature sensor 5. The circuit board is installed in the electrical control box 6.

[0047] Among them, the 16 temperature zones are head and neck, thorax, back, left forearm, right forearm, left forearm, right forearm, left hand, right hand, waist and hips, left thigh, right thigh, left calf, right calf, left foot and right foot.

[0048] Specifically, different heating wire laying spacings will affect the heating effect and power consumption. Generally speaking, the smaller the heating wire laying spacing, the faster the heat conduction between the heating wires and the more uniform the heat distribution. However, if the laying spacing is too small, it will greatly increase the difficulty of laying the heating wires. In order to obtain the optimal heating wire laying spacing, a temperature uniformity comparison experiment with different heating wire laying spacings was designed.

[0049] In an artificial environment chamber, stable experimental environmental conditions (temperature 24°C, relative humidity 50%, wind speed <0.2m / s) are set. A breathing manikin is placed in the center of the artificial environment chamber. The heating wires are laid around the same or closest temperature zones of the breathing manikin at different laying intervals. Experiments have shown that a 6mm interval is the best. The best performance is that the corresponding temperature zones of the breathing manikin fluctuate more smoothly, the temperature deviation is smaller, the response time required to reach the set temperature is shorter, and the laying interval is as large as possible. One of the experimental structures is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, in Figure 3 In the experiment shown, heating wires were placed at 6mm intervals on the left forearm and 10mm intervals on the right forearm. Constant heat control was used to control the surface temperature of the breathing manikin. Two PT100 temperature sensors were attached directly above the heating wires on the left and right forearms, respectively, to measure and record the temperatures.

[0050] In one embodiment, in order to reduce the temperature fluctuation of the outer surface of the mannequin body 1 and better simulate the real human body, the nickel-chromium heating wire of the mannequin body 1 is coated with a skin layer. In order to achieve uniform thickness, a multi-layer arrangement method is adopted for the breathing warming mannequin. The skin layer includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer arranged in sequence from the inside out; wherein,

[0051] The inner layer, middle layer and outer layer are respectively laid with quick-drying epoxy glue mixed with epoxy resin and curing agent;

[0052] The ratio of the curing agent in the inner layer > the ratio of the curing agent in the middle layer > the ratio of the curing agent in the outer layer.

[0053] Specifically, a large amount of curing agent is added to the innermost layer to fix the heating wire, prevent it from sliding around, and ensure that the simulated skin of the dummy is a tightly closed surface. The outer layer uses a mixed glue with less curing agent to ensure a smooth and flat surface.

[0054] Epoxy resin can bond with various materials to form a strong structure. The thermal diffusivity of epoxy resin is close to that of humans. The outer layer uses a quick-drying epoxy adhesive made by mixing epoxy resin and curing agent in a ratio of 2:1.

[0055] In order to verify the effectiveness of the skin applied in this embodiment, the following test plan was designed.

[0056] The left forearm of the designed breathing and heating manikin is covered with a skin layer as the first segment, and the right forearm is not covered with a skin layer as the second segment. Since the left and right forearms of the breathing and heating manikin have the same surface area, the laying area and spacing of the heating wires are the same, and the set heating power is also the same, it can be used as the research object of the comparative experiment.

[0057] Stable experimental conditions (temperature 24°C, relative humidity 50%, wind speed <0.2 m / s) were established in the environmental chamber. A breathing manikin was placed in the center of the chamber, and two PT100 RTD temperature probes were placed in two numbered sections. Constant heat control mode was used to control the manikin's surface temperature.

[0058] The temperature field on the surface of the breathing manikin can be considered to be in a stable state only after the surface temperature of the breathing manikin reaches the set surface temperature half an hour later. The surface temperature of the manikin is measured and recorded every 5 minutes using a temperature sensor.

[0059] The surface temperature control of the breathing manikin is as follows Figure 4 shown. Figure 4 The results showed that when the breathing manikin was coated with a skin layer, its surface temperature fluctuated slightly, remaining within a range of 33±0.2°C. When the manikin was not coated with simulated skin material, its surface temperature fluctuated more widely, remaining within a range of 33±0.4°C. These experimental results demonstrate that the surface temperature of the manikin was more stable and uniform when coated with a skin layer than when not coated.

[0060] Table 1 shows the processing results of the surface temperature data of the breathing manikin:

[0061]

[0062] Table 1

[0063] As shown in the table, the standard deviation, standard deviation of the arithmetic mean, limit error, limit error of the arithmetic mean, and coefficient of variation of the surface temperature of the breathing heated manikin with the skin layer applied are all smaller than those without the simulated skin. This indicates that the stability and uniformity of the surface temperature of the heated manikin are significantly improved after the skin layer is applied, making the surface temperature fluctuations more similar to those of a real human body. A breathing heated manikin is a device used to simulate obstructive sleep apnea in patients and requires normal human surface temperature characteristics. A more stable and uniform surface temperature ensures that exhaled air is closer to human body temperature, making the simulation more realistic and reliable. It also mitigates the influence of the external ambient temperature on the manikin's internal respiratory air. Furthermore, using a heated manikin with a skin layer allows for more accurate environmental thermal comfort evaluations and clothing thermal resistance testing.

[0064] With the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention as a guide, and with reference to the above description, relevant personnel are fully capable of making various changes and modifications without departing from the technical scope of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A breathing warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dummy body (1) and an exhalation component (2), an inhalation component (3) and a breathing tube (4) arranged in the dummy body (1), wherein the dummy body (1) is provided with an electric heating wire; wherein, The air outlet end of the exhalation component (2) and the air inlet end of the inhalation component (3) are respectively connected to one end of the breathing tube (4), and the other end of the breathing tube (4) is provided with an oral breathing tube (41) and a nasal breathing tube (42); The breathing tube (4) is provided with a breathing regulating valve (43) for simulating the collapse and obstruction of the human upper airway; the oral breathing tube (41) is provided with an oral breathing valve (44), and the free end of the oral breathing tube extends into the mouth of the dummy body (1); the nasal breathing tube (42) is provided with a nasal breathing valve (45), and the free end of the nasal breathing tube (42) extends into the nostrils of the dummy body (1).

2. The respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhalation assembly (2) comprises an exhalation pipeline (21) and an exhalation power component (22), an air pressure stabilizing box (23), an exhalation bypass pipeline (24), an exhalation flow meter (25) and an exhalation proportion control valve (26) sequentially arranged on the exhalation pipeline (21) along the direction of exhalation airflow, and an exhalation bypass regulating valve (27) is arranged on the exhalation bypass pipeline (24); The air intake assembly (3) comprises an air intake pipeline (31), an air intake proportional control valve (32), an air intake flow meter (33), an air intake bypass pipeline (34), and an air intake power component (35) sequentially arranged on the air intake pipeline (31) along the air intake air flow direction, and an air intake bypass regulating valve (36) is arranged on the air intake bypass pipeline (34).

3. The respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air pressure stabilizing tank (23) has two air pressure stabilizing tanks (23) with different volumes and connected in parallel. The inlet of each air pressure stabilizing tank (23) is provided with an inlet regulating valve (28), and the outlet of each air pressure stabilizing tank (23) is provided with an outlet regulating valve (29).

4. The respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhalation assembly (2) further comprises an exhalation filter (20), wherein the exhalation filter (20) is arranged on the exhalation pipeline (21) and is located between the exhalation power component (22) and the air pressure stabilizing box (23); The inhalation assembly (3) further comprises an inhalation filter (37), which is arranged on the exhalation pipeline (21) and is located behind the inhalation power component (35) along the inhalation airflow direction.

5. The respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhalation power component (22) is an exhalation compressor, and the inhalation power component (35) is an inhalation compressor.

6. The respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhalation component (2) and the inhalation component (3) are configured to operate alternately, and a time interval is provided between the stopping of the exhalation component (2) and the next operation of the inhalation component (3); When the exhalation component (2) is operated once, the instantaneous exhalation flow of the exhalation component (2) changes in a sinusoidal manner; when the inhalation component (3) is operated once, the instantaneous inhalation flow of the inhalation component (3) also changes in a sinusoidal manner.

7. The respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body model of the dummy body (1) is divided into 16 temperature zones, and each temperature zone is provided with the heating wire at intervals of 6 mm. The heating wire is a nickel-chromium heating wire with a width*thickness of 2 mm*0.2 mm.

8. The respiratory warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nickel-chromium heating wire of the dummy body (1) is coated with a skin layer, and the skin layer includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; wherein, The inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer are respectively formed by applying quick-drying epoxy glue mixed with epoxy resin and curing agent; The ratio of the curing agent in the inner layer is greater than the ratio of the curing agent in the middle layer and greater than the ratio of the curing agent in the outer layer.

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