Experimental apparatus and methods for simulating lithosphere deformation

Abstract

This invention discloses an experimental apparatus and method for simulating lithosphere deformation, including a mounting box. Inside the mounting box is a first frustum, and at the bottom of the first frustum is a first motor. The first frustum is fitted onto the end of the output shaft of the first motor and connected to the output shaft via a key. Multiple circumferentially distributed experimental boxes are fixed to the top surface of the first frustum. One side of each experimental box has a limiting plate, the opposite side has a sliding plate, one side has a fixing plate, and one side has a transparent plate. A high-speed camera is mounted on the outside of the transparent plate, and a pushing mechanism is connected to the outside of the sliding plate. A rotation positioning mechanism is located at the bottom of the experimental box, and a first cylinder and an adjustment mechanism are mounted at the bottom of the first frustum. Using this invention, lithosphere experimental samples of different proportions can be placed in each experimental box in advance to simulate lithosphere deformation, eliminating the need to empty and re-insert the lithosphere experimental samples after each experiment. This reduces the experimental difficulty and complexity, greatly improving the efficiency of lithosphere deformation simulation experiments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of experimental device technology, and relates to experimental devices and methods for simulating lithosphere deformation. Background Technology

[0002] The lithosphere is the rigid lithospheric layer in the upper part of the Earth, relative to the asthenosphere, and is a zone of high seismic wave velocity. Lithospheric deformation is one of the important manifestations of geodynamic processes. By studying the deformation characteristics of the lithosphere, we can gain a deeper understanding of the stress distribution inside the Earth, the dynamic mechanisms of plate tectonics, and the circulation processes of materials within the Earth. Furthermore, lithospheric deformation is often accompanied by the formation and enrichment of mineral resources. By studying the deformation characteristics of the lithosphere, we can reveal the distribution patterns and enrichment mechanisms of mineral resources, providing important clues for resource exploration and development.

[0003] Simulated lithosphere deformation is a method of simulating and studying the deformation behavior of the Earth's lithosphere under various stress and temperature conditions using specific experimental setups and methods. This simulation helps us to understand the structure, movement patterns, and related geological phenomena of the Earth's interior more deeply.

[0004] In experiments simulating lithospheric deformation, experimental samples similar to lithospheric materials are typically used and placed in layers and order according to the actual geological structure. By applying different stresses and other conditions, the deformation of the experimental samples is observed and recorded. These deformations can be monitored and recorded in real time using equipment such as high-speed cameras. However, currently available experimental devices for simulating lithospheric deformation often only allow for single simulations, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty and complexity of the experiments. When a second simulation is needed, researchers have to empty the experimental sample and then put in a new one. This cumbersome process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also seriously affects the efficiency of the experiment and hinders its smooth progress. In addition, frequent sample changes may introduce human error, which can interfere with the accuracy of the experimental results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide an experimental apparatus for simulating lithospheric deformation, which solves the problem that existing experimental apparatuses can only perform single simulations, thus affecting experimental efficiency.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide an experimental method for simulating lithospheric deformation.

[0007] The first technical solution adopted in this invention is an experimental device for simulating lithosphere deformation, including a mounting box. A first frustum is installed inside the mounting box, and a first motor is installed at the bottom of the first frustum. The first frustum is fitted onto the end of the output shaft of the first motor and connected to the output shaft via a key. Multiple circumferentially distributed experimental boxes are fixed to the top surface of the first frustum. One side of the experimental box is a limiting plate, and the opposite side is a sliding plate. One of the other two sides is a fixed plate, and the other is a transparent plate. A high-speed camera is installed on the outside of the transparent plate. A pushing plate mechanism is connected to the outside of the sliding plate. A rotation positioning mechanism is installed at the bottom of the experimental box. A first cylinder and an adjustment mechanism are installed at the bottom of the first frustum. The adjustment mechanism includes a first mounting plate fixedly connected to the output end of the first cylinder. The first motor is fixed to the center of the top surface of the first mounting plate. A circular first sliding groove is formed around the top surface of the first mounting plate. Multiple first sliding legs are fixed around the bottom surface of the first frustum, and the bottom ends of the first sliding legs are embedded in the first sliding grooves.

[0008] The push plate mechanism includes a bracket, which is fixed to one side of the bottom of the experimental box. Inside the bracket, there is a connecting plate and a lead screw. The lead screw is threadedly connected to the connecting plate. A second motor is installed on the outside of the bracket. The output shaft of the second motor is connected to the lead screw through a coupling. The end face of the connecting plate away from the lead screw is fixedly connected to the outer side of the slide plate.

[0009] The bracket has two guide rods inside, which are located on opposite sides of the lead screw. One end of the guide rod is fixed to the bracket, and the other end is slidably connected to the connecting plate.

[0010] The mounting box contains a rotary positioning mechanism, which includes a second cylinder, a second mounting plate, and a second truncated cone. The bottom of the second cylinder is fixed to the bottom surface inside the mounting box. The second mounting plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the second cylinder. A third motor is fixed in the center of the top surface of the second mounting plate. A circular second sliding groove is opened around the top surface. Multiple circumferentially distributed second sliding legs are fixed on the bottom surface of the second truncated cone. The bottom ends of the second sliding legs are embedded in the second sliding groove. The output shaft of the third motor is connected to the second truncated cone by a key. A hexagonal block is fixed in the center of the top surface of the second truncated cone.

[0011] Each experimental chamber has a mounting mechanism on its bottom surface, which includes a fixing block, a first circular plate, a second circular plate, and a drive shaft. The fixing block, the first circular plate, and the second circular plate each have a through hole in the middle to allow the drive shaft to pass through. The fixing block, the first circular plate, and the second circular plate are sequentially fitted onto the drive shaft. A first bearing is installed between the first circular plate and the drive shaft, a second bearing is installed between the second circular plate and the drive shaft, and a third bearing is installed between the fixing block and the drive shaft. The first circular plate and the fixing block are fixedly connected by screws. The fixing block is fixed to the top surface of the first frustum. The end face of the second circular plate away from the first circular plate is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the experimental chamber. One end of the drive shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom surface of the experimental chamber, and the center of the other end face has a hexagonal groove that mates with a hexagonal block, which can be embedded in the hexagonal groove.

[0012] A marker block is fixed on the side of the first truncated cone. The marker block corresponds to the experimental box one by one. The center of the marker block and the center of the drive shaft at the bottom of the corresponding experimental box are located on the same radial direction of the first truncated cone. An infrared sensor is installed on the bottom surface inside the mounting box. The infrared sensor is located between the second cylinder and the side wall of the mounting box. The infrared sensor and the marker block are vertically opposite each other.

[0013] The limiting plate has protruding positioning blocks fixed to the top of its two opposite sides. The top of the fixed plate and the transparent plate are both fixed with positioning rods. The positioning blocks have through holes, and the positioning rods pass through the through holes and slide with the positioning blocks.

[0014] The limiting plate has sliders fixed on its opposite sides, and the fixed plate and the transparent plate have corresponding grooves, in which the sliders are embedded.

[0015] A handle is installed on the top of the limit plate.

[0016] The second technical solution adopted in this invention is an experimental method for simulating lithosphere deformation, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Place lithospheric experimental samples of different proportions into different experimental chambers;

[0018] Step 2: Activate the rotation positioning mechanism at the bottom of the experimental chamber. The rotation positioning mechanism drives the experimental chamber to rotate, so that the lithosphere experimental sample in the experimental chamber is subjected to centrifugal force. At the same time, activate the push plate mechanism. The push plate mechanism drives the sliding plate to hit the lithosphere experimental sample. The deformation of the lithosphere experimental sample is monitored in real time by continuous shooting through a high-speed camera, and experimental data is collected.

[0019] Step 3: After the simulation experiment ends, turn off the rotary positioning mechanism and the push plate mechanism, start the first cylinder, the first cylinder drives the first truncated cone to extend out of the mounting box, pull the limit plate upward, start the push plate mechanism again, the push plate mechanism drives the sliding plate to push out the lithosphere experimental sample, and complete the waste collection.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) By installing multiple experimental boxes on the first circular platform, different proportions of lithosphere experimental samples are placed in each experimental box in advance to simulate lithosphere deformation. The first motor drives the first circular platform to rotate, changing the position of the experimental boxes and entering the working area in sequence. The high-precision infrared sensor can mark the marker block. When the marker block moves above the infrared sensor, the first circular platform stops rotating. At this time, the experimental box marked is accurately stopped in the working area and the simulated lithosphere deformation experiment begins. Therefore, the lithosphere experimental samples in multiple experimental boxes can be tested without emptying the experimental samples and putting them back in, reducing the difficulty and complexity of the experiment, greatly improving the efficiency of the lithosphere deformation simulation experiment, and ensuring that the experimental results of the lithosphere experimental samples are accurate and not interfered with.

[0022] (2) The second cylinder drives the second mounting plate to move, so that the hexagonal block on the second round platform is inserted into the hexagonal groove of the drive shaft to position the experimental box entering the working area. Then, the third motor on the second mounting plate drives the hexagonal block to rotate, so that the hexagonal block drives the drive shaft to rotate, thereby driving the experimental box to rotate and generating centrifugal force to simulate the complex stress state in crustal movement. Under the action of centrifugal force, the lithosphere experimental sample is subjected to lateral extrusion force, thereby simulating the extrusion effect of crustal stress on the lithosphere. Subsequently, the push plate mechanism is started to accurately impact the lithosphere experimental sample, further simulating the extrusion process of crustal stress on the lithosphere, making the experimental process of simulating lithosphere deformation more efficient, accurate and reliable, providing more powerful experimental support for geological research, earthquake prediction and rock engineering.

[0023] (3) When the deformation simulation of the lithosphere experimental sample in the experimental box is completed, the first cylinder drives the first truncated cone to extend out of the installation box, and the limiting plate is pulled out of the experimental box. The push plate mechanism drives the sliding plate to move, so that the sliding plate moves the lithosphere experimental sample out of the experimental box. This design not only improves the convenience of experimental operation, but also ensures the smooth progress of waste removal, and provides convenience for subsequent experimental work. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mounting box in the experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the high-speed camera and the experimental box in the experimental device for simulating lithosphere deformation according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram at point B;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first circular plate structure in the experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second circular plate structure in the experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating positioning mechanism in the experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram, 1. Mounting box, 2. Base frame, 3. First cylinder, 4. Extension rod, 5. First frustum, 6. Adjustment mechanism, 61. First mounting plate, 62. First motor, 63. First sliding leg, 64. Shock absorber, 65. First slide rail, 7. Experiment box, 8. Transparent plate, 9. Frame, 10. High-speed camera, 11. Slide plate, 12. Push plate mechanism, 121. Bracket, 122. Lead screw, 123. Second motor, 124. Connecting plate, 125. Guide rod, 13. Limiting plate, 141. Positioning rod 142. Positioning block, 143. Handle, 15. Mounting mechanism, 151. Fixing block, 1511. Through hole, 152. First circular plate, 155. Second circular plate, 156. Drive shaft, 157. Hexagonal groove, 16. Rotary positioning mechanism, 161. Second cylinder, 162. Second mounting plate, 163. Third motor, 164. Second frustum, 165. Hexagonal block, 166. Second sliding leg, 167. Second sliding groove, 17. Infrared sensor, 18. Marking block, 19. Lithosphere experimental sample. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] An experimental setup for simulating lithospheric deformation, see [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2The system includes a mounting box 1, a base frame 2 fixed to the bottom of the mounting box 1, a first frustum 5 inside the mounting box 1, a first motor 62 at the bottom of the first frustum 5, the first frustum 5 being fitted onto the end of the output shaft of the first motor 62 and connected to the output shaft of the first motor 62 by a key, and four evenly circumferentially distributed experimental boxes 7 fixed on the top surface of the first frustum 5. The experimental boxes 7 are used to place lithosphere experimental samples 19. When the first motor 62 is started, the first motor 62 drives the first frustum 5 to rotate, which in turn drives the experimental boxes 7 on the top surface of the first frustum 5 to rotate, thereby adjusting the position of the experimental boxes.

[0036] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 The experimental chamber 7 has a limiting plate 13 on one side and a sliding plate 11 on the opposite side. On the other two sides, one side is a fixed plate and the other side is a transparent plate 8. Both the fixed plate and the transparent plate are fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the experimental chamber. A frame 9 is fixed to the outside of the transparent plate 8. A high-speed camera 10 is installed on the frame 9. A push plate mechanism 12 is connected to the outside of the sliding plate 11, which can push the sliding plate to move back and forth in the experimental chamber and impact the lithosphere experimental sample 19 in the experimental chamber. The high-speed camera 10 can take pictures of the force situation of the lithosphere experimental sample 19 in the experimental chamber through the transparent plate and store the data.

[0037] The bottom of the experimental chamber 7 is equipped with a rotating positioning mechanism 16, which can drive the experimental chamber to rotate, so that the lithosphere experimental sample in the experimental chamber is subjected to centrifugal force. The first cylinder 3 and the adjusting mechanism 6 are installed at the bottom of the first truncated cone 5. The first cylinder 3 is fixed on the base frame 2. An extension rod 4 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first cylinder 3. The adjusting mechanism 6 includes a first mounting plate 61 fixedly connected to the free end of the extension rod 4. A first motor 62 is fixed in the middle of the top surface of the first mounting plate 61. A circular first sliding groove 65 is opened around the top surface of the first mounting plate 61. Multiple first sliding legs 63 are fixed around the bottom surface of the first truncated cone 5. A shock absorber 64 is fixedly installed in the middle of the first sliding leg 63. The bottom end of the first sliding leg 63 is embedded in the first sliding groove 65. The bottom end face of the first sliding leg 63 is an arc surface. After the first motor is started, the output shaft of the first motor drives the first truncated cone 5 to rotate, which drives the first sliding leg to slide in the first sliding groove. After the first cylinder 3 is started, the output end of the first cylinder extends upward, which drives the extension rod 4 to extend upward. The extension rod pushes the first mounting plate to move up, and then pushes the first truncated cone to move up, so that the experimental box 7 extends out of the top of the installation box, which facilitates the recycling of waste materials in the installation box.

[0038] See Figure 5The push plate mechanism 12 includes a bracket 121, which is fixed on one side of the bottom of the experimental box 7. The bracket 121 is equipped with a connecting plate 124 and a lead screw 122. The lead screw 122 is threadedly connected to the connecting plate 124. A second motor 123 is installed on the outside of the bracket 121. The output shaft of the second motor 123 is connected to the lead screw 122 through a coupling. The end face of the connecting plate 124 away from the lead screw 122 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the slide plate 11. When the second motor is started, the output shaft of the second motor drives the lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the connecting plate 124 to move on the lead screw, thus pushing the slide plate 11 to move in the experimental box.

[0039] The bracket 121 has two guide rods 125 inside. The two guide rods 125 are located on opposite sides of the lead screw 122. One end of the guide rod 125 is fixed to the bracket 121, and the other end is slidably connected to the connecting plate 124, which improves the stability of the connecting plate during movement.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] An experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation includes a mounting box 1. Inside the mounting box 1 is a first frustum 5. A first motor 62 is mounted at the bottom of the first frustum 5. The first frustum 5 is fitted onto the end of the output shaft of the first motor 62 and connected to the output shaft via a key. Multiple circumferentially distributed experimental boxes 7 are fixed to the top surface of the first frustum 5. One side of each experimental box 7 has a limiting plate 13, and the opposite side has a sliding plate 11. On one of the other two sides, there is a fixed plate on one side and a transparent plate 8 on the other. A high-speed camera 1 is mounted on the outside of the transparent plate 8. 0. A push plate mechanism 12 is connected to the outside of the slide plate 11. A rotation positioning mechanism 16 is provided at the bottom of the experimental box 7. A first cylinder 3 and an adjustment mechanism 6 are installed at the bottom of the first truncated cone 5. The adjustment mechanism 6 includes a first mounting plate 61 fixedly connected to the output end of the first cylinder 3. A first motor 62 is fixed in the middle of the top surface of the first mounting plate 61. A circular first sliding groove 65 is opened around the top surface of the first mounting plate 61. Multiple first sliding legs 63 are fixed around the bottom surface of the first truncated cone 5. The bottom end of the first sliding leg 63 is embedded in the first sliding groove 65.

[0042] The push plate mechanism 12 includes a bracket 121, which is fixed to one side of the bottom of the experimental chamber 7. Inside the bracket 121 are a connecting plate 124 and a lead screw 122. The lead screw 122 is threadedly connected to the connecting plate 124. A second motor 123 is mounted on the outside of the bracket 121. The output shaft of the second motor 123 is connected to the lead screw 122 via a coupling. The end face of the connecting plate 124 away from the lead screw 122 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the slide plate 11. Inside the bracket 121 are two guide rods 125, located on opposite sides of the lead screw 122. One end of each guide rod 125 is fixed to the bracket 121, and the other end is slidably connected to the connecting plate 124.

[0043] See Figures 6 to 8 The mounting box 1 is equipped with a rotary positioning mechanism 16, which includes a second cylinder 161, a second mounting plate 162, and a second truncated cone 164. The bottom of the second cylinder 161 is fixed to the bottom surface inside the mounting box 1. The second mounting plate 162 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second cylinder 161. A third motor 163 is fixed in the middle of the top surface of the second mounting plate 162. A circular second sliding groove 167 is opened around the top surface. A plurality of circumferentially distributed second sliding legs 166 are fixed on the bottom surface of the second truncated cone 164. The bottom end of the second sliding leg 166 is embedded in the second sliding groove 167. The bottom end face of the second sliding leg 166 is an arc surface. The output shaft of the third motor 163 is connected to the center of the second truncated cone 164 by a key. A hexagonal block 165 is fixed in the center of the top surface of the second truncated cone 164.

[0044] Each experimental chamber 7 has a mounting mechanism 15 on its bottom surface. The mounting mechanism 15 includes a fixing block 151, a first circular plate 152, a second circular plate 155, and a drive shaft 156. The fixing block 151, the first circular plate 152, and the second circular plate 155 all have through holes 1511 in the middle to allow the drive shaft 156 to pass through. The fixing block 151, the first circular plate 152, and the second circular plate 155 are sequentially fitted onto the drive shaft 156. A first bearing is installed between the first circular plate 152 and the drive shaft 156, and the second circular plate 155 is connected to the drive shaft 156. A second bearing is installed between the fixed block 151 and the drive shaft 156. A third bearing is installed between the fixed block 151 and the drive shaft 156. The first circular plate 152 and the fixed block 151 are fixedly connected by screws. The fixed block 151 is fixed on the top surface of the first frustum 5. The end face of the second circular plate 155 away from the first circular plate 152 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the experimental box 7. One end of the drive shaft 156 is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom surface of the experimental box 7. The center of the other end face is provided with a hexagonal groove 157 that mates with the hexagonal block 165. The hexagonal block 165 can be embedded in the hexagonal groove 157.

[0045] When centrifugal force needs to be applied to the lithosphere experimental sample in the experimental chamber, the first motor drives the first frustum to rotate, moving the experimental chamber directly above the rotation positioning mechanism 16. Then, the first motor is turned off, and the second cylinder 161 is started. The output end of the second cylinder 161 extends upward, pushing the second mounting plate 162 and the second frustum 164 upward. The hexagonal block 165 on the top surface of the second frustum 164 is inserted into the hexagonal groove 157 of the drive shaft 156. Then, the third motor 163 is started. The output shaft of the third motor 163 drives the second frustum 164 and the hexagonal block 165 to rotate, which in turn drives the drive shaft 156 and the experimental chamber 7 to rotate, causing the lithosphere experimental sample 19 in the experimental chamber 7 to be subjected to centrifugal force. Centrifugal force simulates the complex stress state during crustal movement. Under the action of centrifugal force, the lithosphere experimental sample 19 is subjected to lateral compressive force, thereby simulating the compression effect of crustal stress on the lithosphere. At the same time, the push plate mechanism 12 is activated, which drives the sliding plate 11 to move and impact the lithosphere experimental sample 19, further simulating the compression process of crustal stress on the lithosphere. After the experimental simulation of one experimental box 7 is completed, the experimental model of the next experimental box 7 can be quickly prepared without emptying the lithosphere experimental sample and putting it back in. This reduces the difficulty and complexity of the experiment, greatly improves the efficiency of the lithosphere deformation simulation experiment, and ensures that the experimental results of the lithosphere experimental sample are accurate and not interfered with.

[0046] Marking blocks 18 are fixed on the side of the first truncated cone 5. Each marking block 18 corresponds to one of the experimental boxes 7. The center of the marking block 18 and the axis of the corresponding experimental box 7 bottom drive shaft 156 are located on the same radial direction of the first truncated cone 5. An infrared sensor 17 is installed on the bottom surface inside the mounting box 1. The infrared sensor 17 is located between the second cylinder 161 and the side wall of the mounting box 1. The infrared sensor 17 and the marking block 18 are vertically opposite each other and are used to identify the marking block 18 and mark it.

[0047] The limiting plate 13 has protruding positioning blocks 142 fixed to the top of its opposite sides. Positioning rods 141 are fixed to the top of both the fixed plate and the transparent plate 8. A through hole is provided on the positioning block 142, through which the positioning rod 141 passes and is slidably connected to the positioning block 142. Slider blocks are fixed to the opposite sides of the limiting plate 13. Sliding grooves are provided at corresponding positions on the fixed plate and the transparent plate 8, and the sliders are embedded in these grooves. A handle 143 is installed on the top of the limiting plate 13.

[0048] After all the deformation simulation work of the lithosphere experimental samples in the experimental chamber 7 is completed, the first cylinder 3 drives the first truncated cone 5 to extend out of the installation box 1. The handle 143 drives the limiting plate 13 to move upward, so that the positioning block 142 moves on the positioning rod 141, and the limiting plate 13 leaves the experimental chamber 7. Finally, the push plate mechanism 12 pushes the sliding plate 11 to slide from one end of the experimental chamber 7 to the other end, so that the lithosphere experimental sample is quickly removed from the experimental chamber 7.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] An experimental method for simulating lithosphere deformation includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Based on the rheological structure model of the study area and the principle of similarity between tectonic physical simulation, an experimental model is established, and the experimental materials for each layer of the lithosphere in the simulation experiment are determined. The lithosphere experimental sample consists of the asthenosphere, the lithosphere mantle, and the crust. The asthenosphere simulation material is glycerol, syrup, and honey; the lithosphere mantle simulation material is a mixture of silica gel and granular materials; and the crust simulation material is brittle granular materials and their mixtures. The lithosphere experimental samples 19 with different proportions are placed in different experimental boxes 7 in sequence.

[0052] Step 2: Observe whether the lithosphere experimental sample 19 in each experimental box 7 is placed stably. After it is stable, use the adjustment mechanism 6 to drive the first truncated cone 5 to rotate, that is, start the first motor. The first motor drives the first truncated cone 5 to rotate to adjust the position of each experimental box 7. During the adjustment process, use the high-precision infrared sensor 17 to accurately mark the marker block 18 on one side of the experimental box 7. Once the marker block 18 is accurately identified, immediately stop the work of the adjustment mechanism 6 so that the first truncated cone 5 stops stably. At this time, the experimental box 7 has accurately entered the working area, ready for the subsequent simulation experiment.

[0053] Step 3: Activate the rotation positioning mechanism 16 at the bottom of the experimental chamber 7. First, activate the second cylinder 161. The output end of the second cylinder 161 extends upward, pushing the second mounting plate 162 and the second frustum 164 upward. The hexagonal block 165 on the top surface of the second frustum 164 is inserted into the hexagonal groove 157 at the bottom of the experimental chamber 7. Then, activate the third motor 163. The output shaft of the third motor 163 drives the second frustum 164 and the hexagonal block 165 to rotate, which in turn drives the experimental chamber 7 to rotate, so that the lithosphere experimental sample 19 in the experimental chamber 7 is subjected to centrifugal force. At the same time, activate the push plate mechanism 12. The push plate mechanism 12 drives the sliding plate 11 to impact the lithosphere experimental sample 19. The deformation of the lithosphere experimental sample 19 is monitored in real time by continuous shooting through the high-speed camera 10, and experimental data is collected.

[0054] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 to move the remaining experimental boxes 7 to the top of the rotary positioning mechanism 16 to complete the monitoring of the deformation of the lithosphere experimental samples 19 in all experimental boxes 7 and the collection of experimental data.

[0055] Step 5: The simulation experiment ends. Turn off the rotary positioning mechanism 16 and the push plate mechanism 12. Start the first cylinder 3. The first cylinder 3 drives the first truncated cone 5 to extend out of the mounting box 1 and pull out the limit plate 13 upward. Start the push plate mechanism 12 again. The push plate mechanism 12 drives the sliding plate 11 to push out the lithosphere experimental sample 19 and complete the waste collection.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation, characterized in that, The installation box (1) includes a first frustum (5) inside the installation box (1). A first motor (62) is installed at the bottom of the first frustum (5). The first frustum (5) is fitted onto the end of the output shaft of the first motor (62) and connected to the output shaft of the first motor (62) by a key. Multiple circumferentially distributed experimental boxes (7) are fixed on the top surface of the first frustum (5). One side of the experimental box (7) is a limiting plate (13), and the opposite side is a sliding plate (11). On one of the other two sides, there is a fixed plate on one side and a transparent plate (8) on the other side. A high-speed camera is installed on the outside of the transparent plate (8). 10), a push plate mechanism (12) is connected to the outside of the slide plate (11), a first cylinder (3) and an adjustment mechanism (6) are installed at the bottom of the first truncated cone (5), the adjustment mechanism (6) includes a first mounting plate (61) fixedly connected to the output end of the first cylinder (3), a first motor (62) is fixed in the middle of the top surface of the first mounting plate (61), a circular first sliding groove (65) is opened around the top surface of the first mounting plate (61), and multiple first sliding legs (63) are fixed around the bottom surface of the first truncated cone (5), the bottom end of the first sliding leg (63) is embedded in the first sliding groove (65); The mounting box (1) is equipped with a rotary positioning mechanism (16), which includes a second cylinder (161), a second mounting plate (162), and a second truncated cone (164). The bottom of the second cylinder (161) is fixed to the bottom surface inside the mounting box (1). The second mounting plate (162) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second cylinder (161). A third motor (163) is fixed in the middle of the top surface of the second mounting plate (162). The output shaft of the third motor (163) is connected to the second truncated cone (164) by a key. A hexagonal block (165) is fixed in the center of the top surface of the second truncated cone (164). The bottom surface of the experimental box (7) is provided with an installation mechanism (15). The installation mechanism (15) includes a drive shaft (156). One end of the drive shaft (156) is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom surface of the experimental box (7). The center of the other end face is provided with a hexagonal groove (157) that cooperates with the hexagonal block (165). The hexagonal block (165) can be embedded in the hexagonal groove (157). The side of the first frustum (5) is fixed with a marker block (18). The marker block (18) corresponds one-to-one with the experimental box (7). The center of the marker block (18) and the axis of the drive shaft (156) at the bottom of the corresponding experimental box (7) are located on the same radial direction of the first frustum (5). An infrared sensor (17) is installed on the bottom surface inside the mounting box (1). The infrared sensor (17) is located between the second cylinder (161) and the side wall of the mounting box (1). The infrared sensor (17) and the marker block (18) are opposite each other.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The push plate mechanism (12) includes a bracket (121), which is fixed on one side of the bottom of the experimental box (7). The bracket (121) is provided with a connecting plate (124) and a lead screw (122). The lead screw (122) is threadedly connected to the connecting plate (124). A second motor (123) is installed on the outside of the bracket (121). The output shaft of the second motor (123) is connected to the lead screw (122) through a coupling. The end face of the connecting plate (124) away from the lead screw (122) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the slide plate (11).

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bracket (121) is provided with two guide rods (125). The two guide rods (125) are located on opposite sides of the lead screw (122). One end of the guide rod (125) is fixed on the bracket (121), and the other end is slidably connected to the connecting plate (124).

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the second mounting plate (162) is provided with a circular second sliding groove (167) around the perimeter. The bottom surface of the second truncated cone (164) is fixed with a plurality of circumferentially distributed second sliding legs (166), and the bottom ends of the second sliding legs (166) are embedded in the second sliding groove (167).

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting mechanism (15) includes a fixing block (151), a first circular plate (152), and a second circular plate (155). Each of the fixing block (151), the first circular plate (152), and the second circular plate (155) has a through hole (1511) in its center, allowing the drive shaft (156) to pass through. The fixing block (151), the first circular plate (152), and the second circular plate (155) are sequentially fitted onto the drive shaft (156). The first circular plate (152) and the drive shaft (156) are connected... A first bearing is installed between the second circular plate (155) and the drive shaft (156), a second bearing is installed between the second circular plate (155) and the drive shaft (156), a third bearing is installed between the fixed block (151) and the drive shaft (156), the first circular plate (152) and the fixed block (151) are fixedly connected by screws, the fixed block (151) is fixed on the top surface of the first circular plate (5), and the end face of the second circular plate (155) away from the first circular plate (152) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the experimental box (7).

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting plate (13) has protruding positioning blocks (142) fixed at the top of its opposite sides. The top of the fixed plate and the transparent plate (8) are both fixed with positioning rods (141). The positioning blocks (142) have through holes, and the positioning rods (141) pass through the through holes and are slidably connected with the positioning blocks (142).

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The limiting plate (13) has sliders fixed on its opposite sides. The fixed plate and the transparent plate (8) have grooves at corresponding positions, and the sliders are embedded in the grooves.

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation according to claim 7, characterized in that, A handle (143) is installed on the top of the limiting plate (13).

9. An experimental method using the experimental apparatus for simulating lithosphere deformation as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the lithosphere experimental samples (19) of different proportions into different experimental boxes (7); Step 2: Start the rotation positioning mechanism (16) at the bottom of the experimental box (7). The rotation positioning mechanism (16) drives the experimental box (7) to rotate, so that the lithosphere experimental sample (19) in the experimental box (7) is subjected to centrifugal force. At the same time, start the push plate mechanism (12). The push plate mechanism (12) drives the slide plate (11) to hit the lithosphere experimental sample (19). The deformation of the lithosphere experimental sample (19) is monitored in real time by continuous shooting through the high-speed camera (10), and experimental data is collected. Step 3: After the simulation experiment ends, turn off the rotary positioning mechanism (16) and the push plate mechanism (12), start the first cylinder (3), the first cylinder (3) drives the first truncated cone (5) to extend out of the installation box (1), pull out the limit plate (13) upward, start the push plate mechanism (12) again, the push plate mechanism (12) drives the slide plate (11) to push out the lithosphere experimental sample (19), and complete the waste collection.

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