The invention relates to a selective laser melting (SLM) atmosphere protection system comprising a metal sealed cabin body of which the inside is provided with a selective laser melting (SLM) forming operation mechanism, wherein the inside of the metal sealed cabin body is also provided with a temperature-controlled air conditioner, the temperature-controlled air conditioner is connected with a central control system outside the metal sealed cabin in a controlling way, the central control system is connected with an upper computer with a human-computer interface in a communicating way, an inert gas container in which inert gas exists is communicated with the metal sealed cabin body by an inert gas pipeline, an air-inlet electromagnetic valve connected with the central control system in a controlling way is arranged on the inert gas pipeline, an oxygen purifier is provided with two pipelines communicated with the metal sealed cabin body, a first valve is arranged on one pipeline, and a second valve, a circulating fan and a molecular sieve on the part of the other pipeline, which extends into the metal sealed cabin body, are arranged on the other pipeline. The addition of the technological parameter of the oxygen content with strict control in the forming process is avoided, and the influence of the oxygen content, which is caused to the performance of components, is prevented; and moreover, the inert gas can not be excessively consumed, and the production cost is lowered.