An ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna, which comprises a main reflector, a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and low-frequency radiation units are arranged on the front of the main reflector, a tilt adjustment module, a high-frequency phase shift feeding module and a low-frequency phase shifter are arranged on the back of the main reflector, and the main reflector is physically connected to an outer cover through an internal mounting bracket, and end caps are respectively installed at the head and tail ends of the outer cover; the plurality of high-frequency radiation units and the low-frequency radiation units form a plurality of antenna sub-arrays on the front of the main reflector, the antenna sub-arrays comprise two low-frequency sub-arrays and four high-frequency sub-arrays, each antenna sub-array is evenly divided into ±45° polarizations, and respectively correspond to two connectors, a total of 12 connectors corresponding to the antenna sub-arrays are symmetrically arranged on the end caps, and the tilt adjustment module is used to independently adjust the electrical downtilt angle of each antenna sub-array, wherein the present application realizes an antenna design with a compact structure, high integration and small size by optimizing the antenna structure, and supports multi-band and multi-standard communications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of communication antennas, and in particular to an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, base station antennas, as key components of communication systems, are facing increasingly higher performance requirements. Traditional base station antennas have some design deficiencies, mainly including the following two aspects:

[0003] Size and weight issues: Traditional base station antennas are often large and heavy, which not only increases the difficulty of installation and maintenance, but also limits their application in space-constrained environments. Especially in high-rise buildings and densely populated areas in cities, higher requirements are placed on the size and weight of antennas.

[0004] Frequency band coverage: Modern communication systems need to support multiple frequency bands to meet the needs of different communication standards and application scenarios. Traditional antenna designs can usually only cover a single or a few frequency bands, which is difficult to meet the requirements of multi-band and broadband communications. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. The present invention proposes an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna. By optimizing the antenna structure, a compact, highly integrated, and small-sized antenna design is achieved, and multi-band and multi-standard communications are supported.

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna, comprising: a main reflector, a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and low-frequency radiation units are deployed on the front of the main reflector, a tilt adjustment module, a high-frequency phase shift feeding module and a low-frequency phase shifter are deployed on the back of the main reflector, and the main reflector is physically connected to an outer cover through an internal mounting bracket, and end caps are respectively installed at the head and tail ends of the outer cover; wherein the plurality of high-frequency radiation units and the low-frequency radiation units form a plurality of antenna subarrays on the front of the main reflector, the antenna subarrays include two low-frequency subarrays and four high-frequency subarrays, each of the antenna subarrays is divided into ±45° polarization, and corresponds to two connectors respectively, a total of 12 connectors corresponding to the antenna subarrays are symmetrically deployed on the end caps, and the tilt adjustment module is used to independently adjust the electrical downtilt angle of each antenna subarray.

[0007] In some embodiments, the high-frequency radiation unit is physically connected to the feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module through a fastener, so that the high-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module share a common electrical reference ground.

[0008] In some embodiments, the ends of the first feeder and the second feeder of the high-frequency radiation unit are bent 135° along the other end of the feeder itself, perpendicular to the feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module, and the ends of the first feeder and the second feeder extend into the cavity to leave a gap outside the feeding cavity, so that the first feeder and the second feeder are connected to the feeding board of the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module by welding.

[0009] In some embodiments, the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module is a cavity stripline structure, the low-frequency phase shifter uses a PCB microstrip line, and the low-frequency phase shifter is deployed below the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the low-frequency sub-array supports the 4T4R standard, the operating frequency range is 690 to 960 MHz, and the relative bandwidth is 32.8%; the high-frequency sub-array supports the 8T8R standard, the operating frequency range is 1690 to 2690 MHz, and the relative bandwidth is 45.7%.

[0011] In some embodiments, the main reflector is provided with two flanges symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction, and two recesses symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction are continuously provided, one of the recesses is connected to the flange through a short plane, and is connected to the other recess through a long plane.

[0012] In some embodiments, a first matrix hollowing is provided on the recess, and a second matrix hollowing is provided on the short plane and the long plane. The position of the first matrix hollowing corresponds to the low-frequency radiation unit, and the low-frequency radiation unit is fixed to the first matrix hollowing by fasteners. The high-frequency radiation unit passes through the second matrix hollowing and radiates on the front side of the main reflector.

[0013] In some embodiments, the feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module has two rectangular cavities deployed in left and right mirror images, which are used to feed the high-frequency radiation unit with positive and negative 45° polarization respectively. The left and right cavity walls of each rectangular cavity are respectively provided with a groove, and the feeding board is embedded in the rectangular cavity parallel to the groove, and part of the feeding board is covered with a phase-shifting medium.

[0014] In some embodiments, a rectangular main feed terminal is provided on the lower surface of the feed cavity, the main feed terminal is welded to the lower surface of the feed cavity by a laser welding process, and the connector is welded and connected to the main feed terminal by a coaxial cable.

[0015] In some embodiments, a buckle is deployed on the lower surface of the feeding cavity, and semicircular and rectangular hollows are provided on the buckle. The semicircular hollow is used to fix the coaxial cable between the connector and the main feed terminal, and the rectangular hollow is used to provide guidance for the connecting rod between the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module and the tilt adjustment module.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an anti-interference ultra-wideband antenna is provided, which has at least the following beneficial effects: the present application deploys a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and low-frequency radiation units on the front of the main reflector, and these radiation units form a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, specifically including two low-frequency sub-arrays and four high-frequency sub-arrays, each antenna sub-array is divided into ±45° polarization, and corresponds to two joints respectively, and a total of 12 joints are symmetrically deployed on the end cover. It can be understood that the tilt adjustment module, high-frequency phase shift feeding module and low-frequency phase shifter are deployed on the back of the main reflector, and these modules are physically connected to the outer cover through the internal mounting bracket, and the end caps are respectively installed at the head and tail ends of the outer cover. Furthermore, by deploying a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and low-frequency radiation units on the front of the main reflector, a plurality of antenna sub-arrays are formed, thereby realizing the integration of multi-band and multi-standard. This design enables the antenna to support multiple frequency bands in a limited space, thereby improving the integration. It is understandable that the tilt adjustment module, high-frequency phase-shifting feed module and low-frequency phase shifter are deployed on the back of the main reflector. These modules are connected to the outer cover through an internal mounting bracket, forming a modular design, simplifying the structure and improving the integration. In addition, it is worth noting that through the compact layout design of the front and back of the main reflector and the design of the multi-frequency sub-array, the antenna can cover more frequency bands in a smaller size, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna, and the two low-frequency sub-arrays and four high-frequency sub-arrays enable the antenna to support multiple frequency bands and standards to meet the needs of broadband multi-frequency communications. The tilt adjustment module enables the electrical downtilt angle of each antenna sub-array to be independently adjusted. In summary, the present invention achieves a compact structure, high integration, and small size through optimized design, and supports multi-band and multi-standard communications. At the same time, it has an independent electrical downtilt adjustment function, which significantly improves the performance consistency and production efficiency of the antenna.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solution of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0020] Figure 1 It is a front schematic diagram of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the back side of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a main reflector in an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 is another cross-sectional schematic diagram of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a high frequency radiation unit of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a high frequency subarray of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the lower surface of a cavity corresponding to a high frequency feeding module in an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed", etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, "above", "below", "within", etc. are understood to include the number itself, "any one" means one or more, "at least one of the following" and similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. If there is a description of the first and the second, it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms such as setting, installing, and connecting in the embodiments of the present invention should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution. For example, the term "connection" can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or mutual communication; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.

[0031] It should be noted that the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, base station antennas, as key components of communication systems, are facing increasingly higher performance requirements. Traditional base station antennas have some design deficiencies, mainly including the following aspects:

[0033] Size and weight issues: Traditional base station antennas are often large and heavy, which not only increases the difficulty of installation and maintenance, but also limits their application in space-constrained environments. Especially in high-rise buildings and densely populated areas in cities, higher requirements are placed on the size and weight of antennas.

[0034] Frequency band coverage: Modern communication systems need to support multiple frequency bands to meet the needs of different communication standards and application scenarios. Traditional antenna designs can usually only cover a single or a few frequency bands, which is difficult to meet the requirements of multi-band and broadband communications.

[0035] Performance consistency: In practical applications, the performance consistency of antennas is crucial to the stability and reliability of communication systems. Traditional antenna designs have poor performance consistency in multiple frequency bands and multiple standards, and are easily affected by environmental factors, resulting in reduced signal quality.

[0036] Electrical downtilt adjustment: Electrical downtilt adjustment is an important means to optimize antenna coverage and signal strength. In traditional antenna design, the electrical downtilt adjustment function is relatively simple and cannot achieve independent adjustment of each antenna subarray, which limits the application of antennas in complex environments.

[0037] Integration and production efficiency: In traditional antenna design, the integration of various components is low, and multiple assembly and debugging are required during the production process, which increases production costs and cycles. Improving the integration and production efficiency of antennas is an issue that needs to be addressed urgently.

[0038] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. The present invention proposes an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna. By optimizing the antenna structure, a compact, highly integrated, and small-sized antenna design is achieved, and multi-band and multi-standard communications are supported.

[0039] The present application scheme is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] refer to Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 1 It is a front schematic diagram of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the back side of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention; an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna, comprising: a main reflector 5, a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 6 and a low-frequency radiation unit 7 are deployed on the front of the main reflector 5, a tilt adjustment module 4, a high-frequency phase shift feeding module 8 and a low-frequency phase shifter 9 are deployed on the back of the main reflector 5, and are physically connected to the outer cover 1 through an internal mounting bracket 10, and end covers 2 are respectively installed at the head and tail ends of the outer cover 1; wherein, the plurality of high-frequency radiation units 6 and the low-frequency radiation units 7 form a plurality of antenna sub-arrays on the front of the main reflector 5, the antenna sub-arrays include two low-frequency sub-arrays and four high-frequency sub-arrays, each antenna sub-array is evenly divided into ±45° polarization, and corresponds to two connectors 3 respectively, a total of 12 connectors 3 corresponding to the antenna sub-arrays are symmetrically deployed on the end cover 2, and the tilt adjustment module 4 is used to independently adjust the electrical downtilt angle of each antenna sub-array.

[0041] Among them, the present application deploys a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 6 and low-frequency radiation units 7 on the front of the main reflector 5. These radiation units form a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, specifically including two low-frequency sub-arrays and four high-frequency sub-arrays. Each antenna sub-array is divided into ±45° polarization and corresponds to two joints 3 respectively. A total of 12 joints 3 are symmetrically deployed on the end cover 2. It can be understood that a tilt adjustment module 4, a high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8 and a low-frequency phase shifter 9 are deployed on the back of the main reflector 5. These modules are physically connected to the outer cover 1 through an internal mounting bracket 10. The end covers 2 are respectively installed at the head and tail ends of the outer cover 1. Furthermore, by deploying a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 6 and a low-frequency radiation unit 7 on the front of the main reflector 5, a plurality of antenna sub-arrays are formed, thereby realizing the integration of multi-bands and multi-standards. This design enables the antenna to support multiple frequency bands in a limited space, thereby improving the integration. It is understandable that the tilt adjustment module 4, the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8 and the low-frequency phase shifter 9 are deployed on the back of the main reflector 5. These modules are connected to the outer cover 1 through the internal mounting bracket 10, forming a modular design, simplifying the structure and improving the integration. In addition, it is worth noting that through the compact layout design of the front and back of the main reflector 5 and the design of the multi-frequency sub-array, the antenna can cover more frequency bands in a smaller size, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna, and the two low-frequency sub-arrays and four high-frequency sub-arrays enable the antenna to support multiple frequency bands and standards to meet the needs of broadband multi-frequency communication. The tilt adjustment module 4 enables the electrical downtilt angle of each antenna sub-array to be independently adjusted. In summary, the present invention achieves a compact structure, high integration, and small size through optimized design, and supports multi-band and multi-standard communications. At the same time, it has an independent electrical downtilt adjustment function, which significantly improves the performance consistency and production efficiency of the antenna.

[0042] In some embodiments, Figure 1 In order to balance the electrical indicators of the antenna, six low-frequency radiation units 7 are deployed in the vertical direction of each low-frequency subarray, and the vertical unit spacing is 0.68 times the wavelength. The horizontal spacing between the two low-frequency subarrays is also 0.68 times the wavelength. Each high-frequency subarray has 11 high-frequency radiation units 6 deployed in the vertical direction, and the vertical unit spacing is 0.91 times the wavelength. From left to right, the horizontal spacing between every two high-frequency subarrays is 1 / 0.8 / 1 times the wavelength respectively.

[0043] In some embodiments, the main reflector 5 is the core structure of the antenna, which is mainly used to support various radiation units and modules, reflect electromagnetic waves, and enhance the gain and directivity of the antenna. The radiation units and various modules are respectively deployed on the front and back of the main reflector 5 to form a highly integrated platform. It can be understood that by integrating multiple functional modules on the main reflector 5, the overall size of the antenna is reduced and a compact structural design is achieved. In addition, the design of the main reflector 5 optimizes the radiation characteristics of the antenna and improves the gain and directivity of the antenna.

[0044] In some embodiments, the high-frequency radiation unit 6 and the low-frequency radiation unit 7 are respectively responsible for signal transmission and reception in different frequency bands. Through the combination of multiple high-frequency radiation units 6 and low-frequency radiation units 7, multi-frequency band support is achieved. Furthermore, the high-frequency radiation unit 6 supports the frequency band of 1690 to 2690 MHz, and the low-frequency radiation unit 7 supports the frequency band of 690 to 960 MHz, covering a wide frequency band range, and can improve the antenna's anti-interference ability and signal transmission quality through the ±45° polarization design.

[0045] In some embodiments, the tilt adjustment module 4 is used to independently adjust the electrical downtilt angle of each antenna subarray to optimize the coverage range and signal strength of the antenna. The electrical downtilt angle of the antenna can be flexibly adjusted according to different application scenarios and requirements to improve the adaptability of the antenna. The present application can better control the coverage range of the antenna and reduce the signal blind spot by independently adjusting the electrical downtilt angle of each antenna subarray. It can be understood that the independent adjustment of the electrical downtilt angle improves the performance stability of the antenna in different environments.

[0046] In some embodiments, the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module 8 is responsible for signal feeding and phase shifting of the high-frequency radiation unit 6, ensuring efficient transmission of the signal. The cavity stripline structure is adopted to improve the stability and efficiency of signal transmission. It can be understood that the cavity stripline structure reduces signal loss and improves the efficiency of signal transmission. The direct connection between the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module 8 and the high-frequency radiation unit 6 simplifies the structure and improves reliability.

[0047] In some embodiments, the low-frequency phase shifter 9 is responsible for the signal feeding and phase shifting of the low-frequency radiation unit 7, ensuring the efficient transmission of the low-frequency signal. The low-frequency phase shifter 9 can be designed with a PCB microstrip line, which is suitable for the transmission of low-frequency signals. The PCB microstrip line design reduces signal loss and improves the transmission efficiency of low-frequency signals. The low-frequency phase shifter 9 can be deployed below the high-frequency phase shift feeding module 8 to achieve spatial multiplexing in the vertical direction. It is worth noting that the height of the current multi-frequency multi-port base station antenna of the same type is about 20 cm. The height of the multi-frequency base station antenna proposed by the present invention is less than 16 cm, which is about 20% thinner than the mainstream solution in the industry, effectively reducing the windward area and achieving efficient use of space.

[0048] In some embodiments, the internal mounting bracket 10 physically connects the main reflector 5 with the outer cover 1 to ensure the stability and reliability of each component, and is used to provide structural support to ensure the overall stability and durability of the antenna. It can be imagined that the design of the internal mounting bracket 10 ensures the stable connection of the various components of the antenna, improves the mechanical strength of the antenna, simplifies the installation process, and improves installation efficiency.

[0049] Among them, the inner mounting bracket 10 is made of high-strength material, and the main reflector 5 and the outer cover 1 can be fixed together by bolts and nuts, thereby ensuring the overall stability and reliability of the antenna. The outer cover 1 can be made of a weather-resistant material, such as ABS plastic or aluminum alloy, which has good dustproof, waterproof and UV resistance. At the same time, the front of the outer cover 1 can adopt an enlarged chamfer design, thereby effectively reducing the drag coefficient and improving the environmental adaptability of the antenna. It can be understood that the enlarged chamfer design is to improve the aerodynamic performance of the antenna outer cover 1, reduce the drag coefficient, and thus improve the stability and reliability of the antenna in outdoor environments. Specifically, the front edge of the outer cover 1 can be designed to have a chamfer angle of 45°, that is, the front edge of the outer cover 1 is inclined 45° outward from the vertical direction, so that the airflow can bypass the outer cover more smoothly, reduce the generation of eddies and turbulence, and thus reduce the drag coefficient. 45° is a specific value calculated based on the actual size of the antenna in this application and the expected wind speed; in addition, the chamfer length of the outer cover 1 can also be appropriately increased to better guide the airflow. Specifically, the chamfer length is set to 10 mm, and the chamfer shape is designed to be a smooth arc shape. The radius of the arc can be set to 15 mm, which can ensure that the airflow can transition more smoothly when passing through the chamfer, so as to ensure that the airflow can smoothly bypass the edge of the outer cover.

[0050] In some embodiments, the outer cover 1 and the end cap 2 protect the internal radiation unit and module to prevent interference and damage from the external environment. The front of the outer cover 1 has a larger chamfer design, which effectively reduces the drag coefficient and improves the environmental adaptability of the antenna. The outer cover 1 and the end cap 2 provide good protection, extend the service life of the antenna, and can improve the stability and reliability of the antenna in outdoor environments by reducing the drag coefficient.

[0051] In some embodiments, connector 3 is used to connect the antenna and external equipment to achieve signal transmission. Twelve connectors 3 are symmetrically deployed on the end cover 2 to ensure the balance and stability of signal transmission. The symmetrically deployed connector 3 design ensures the stability and reliability of signal transmission. Connector 3 can use 7 / 16-DIN or 4.3-10 (F), and is welded and connected to the main feed terminal inside the antenna through a coaxial cable, ensuring efficient signal transmission and reliable connection.

[0052] In some embodiments, the high-frequency radiation unit 6 is physically connected to the feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module 8 through fasteners, so that the high-frequency radiation unit 6 and the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module 8 share a common electrical reference ground, wherein the high-frequency radiation unit 6 is physically connected to the feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module 8 through fasteners to ensure a stable connection between the two. This connection method enables the high-frequency radiation unit 6 and the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module 8 to share a common electrical reference ground, reducing interference and loss during signal transmission.

[0053] It can be understood that the fastener connection ensures the physical stability between the high-frequency radiation unit 6 and the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module 8, improves the overall reliability of the antenna, and the common electrical reference ground design reduces interference during signal transmission and improves the quality and stability of signal transmission.

[0054] Through the above Figures 1 to 3 The present invention can realize the efficient connection between the high-frequency radiation unit 6 and the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module 8, reduce the interference and loss in the signal transmission process, and improve the reliability and performance of the antenna. At the same time, the modular design and efficient use of space further improve the integration and production efficiency of the antenna.

[0055] In some embodiments, the low-frequency sub-array supports the 4T4R standard, with an operating frequency range of 690 to 960 MHz and a relative bandwidth of 32.8%; the high-frequency sub-array supports the 8T8R standard, with an operating frequency range of 1690 to 2690 MHz and a relative bandwidth of 45.7%. Among them, the low-frequency sub-array supports the 4T4R (4 transmit 4 receive) standard, and the high-frequency sub-array supports the 8T8R (8 transmit 8 receive) standard. The low-frequency sub-array and the high-frequency sub-array cover the frequency bands of 690 to 960 MHz and 1690 to 2690 MHz respectively, achieving wideband coverage and meeting the needs of multi-band communication. The 4T4R and 8T8R standards support multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, which improves the transmission rate and signal quality of the antenna and enhances the communication capability and anti-interference capability of the system.

[0056] It is understandable that the integration of multi-frequency and multi-port antenna sub-arrays can support different channel capacity requirements in various usage scenarios. The ultra-wide operating frequency band range enables it to cover the mainstream frequency band requirements of domestic and foreign base station operators. The above-mentioned wide bandwidth and multi-standard support make the antenna more flexible and adaptable in different application scenarios, thereby improving the overall performance of the system.

[0057] In some embodiments, the tilt adjustment module 4 may include a small stepper motor and a control circuit. The stepper motor is connected to the support structure of the antenna subarray through a gear transmission mechanism. The control circuit receives instructions from the network management system to control the rotation angle of the stepper motor, thereby adjusting the electrical downtilt angle of the antenna subarray. An angle sensor is provided inside the module to monitor the changes in the electrical downtilt angle in real time and feed back the data to the control system. The control system adjusts the rotation angle of the motor according to the feedback data to ensure precise adjustment of the electrical downtilt angle.

[0058] refer to Figures 4 to 8 , Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a main reflector 5 in an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is another cross-sectional schematic diagram of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a high frequency radiation unit 6 of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a high frequency subarray of an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the lower surface of the cavity corresponding to the high frequency feeding module in an ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention; in some embodiments, the main reflector 5 is provided with two flanges 53 symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction, and two recesses 51 symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction are continuously provided, wherein one recess 51 is connected to the flange 53 through a short plane 52, and is connected to the other recess 51 through a long plane 50. It can be understood that the flange 53 design increases the rigidity and stability of the main reflector 5, improves the overall mechanical strength of the antenna, and the recess 51 design effectively reuses the vertical space inside the antenna, making the internal structure of the antenna more compact and reducing the cross-sectional size of the antenna; further, the design of the recess 51 and the flange 53 provides clear positioning for the deployment of the low-frequency and high-frequency radiation units 6, thereby simplifying the production and installation process.

[0059] In some embodiments, the ends of the first feed line 61 and the second feed line 62 of the high-frequency radiation unit 6 are bent 135° along the other end direction of the feed line itself, perpendicular to the feeding cavity 81 of the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8, and the ends of the first feed line 61 and the second feed line 62 extend into the cavity to leave a gap outside the feeding cavity 81, so that the first feed line 61 and the second feed line 62 are connected to the feeding board 82 of the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8 by welding, wherein the bending design and the vertical connection method of the feed line reduce the interference of the external structure on the signal transmission and improve the stability of the signal transmission. In addition, a gap is left outside the feeding cavity 81, so that the feed line can be directly welded to the feeding board 82, which simplifies the electrical connection structure and improves the production efficiency. The welding connection ensures a reliable connection between the feed line and the feeding board 82, thereby improving the long-term stability of the antenna.

[0060] In some embodiments, the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8 is a cavity stripline structure, the low-frequency phase shifter 9 adopts a PCB microstrip line, and the low-frequency phase shifter 9 is deployed below the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8, wherein the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8 adopts a cavity stripline structure, which is responsible for the signal feeding and phase shifting of the high-frequency radiation unit 6, and the low-frequency phase shifter 9 adopts a PCB microstrip line design, which is responsible for the signal feeding and phase shifting of the low-frequency radiation unit 7, and is deployed below the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8.

[0061] It can be understood that the cavity stripline structure reduces the loss of high-frequency signals and improves the efficiency and stability of signal transmission. The low-frequency phase shifter 9 adopts a PCB microstrip line design and is deployed under the high-frequency phase shift feed module 8, thereby achieving efficient use of space and improving the integration of the antenna. The modular design of the high-frequency phase shift feed module 8 and the low-frequency phase shifter 9 simplifies the production process and improves production efficiency.

[0062] In some embodiments, reference Figures 4 to 5 The main body of the high-frequency radiation unit 6 does not need electroplating treatment. Since the antennas used by base station operators are mainly positive and negative 45° dual-polarization antennas, the first feeder 61 and the second feeder 62 of the high-frequency radiation unit 6 in the present invention are cross-deployed at positive and negative 45°, so that the first feeder 61 and the second feeder 62 of the high-frequency radiation unit 6 can be connected to the feeding board 82 of the high-frequency feeding module by welding, thereby realizing the electrical conduction between the high-frequency radiation unit 6 and the high-frequency feeding module. The first feeder 61 and the second feeder 62 of the high-frequency radiation unit 6 convert the feeding point from the positive and negative 45° direction to the horizontal and vertical direction through a clever bending method, which can effectively simplify the electrical conduction design between the high-frequency radiation unit 6 and the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8, and the simple and symmetrical connection structure also greatly improves the performance stability.

[0063] In some embodiments, a first matrix hollowing out 54 is provided on the recess 51, and a second matrix hollowing out 55 is provided on the short plane 52 and the long plane 50. The position of the first matrix hollowing out 54 corresponds to the low-frequency radiation unit 7. The low-frequency radiation unit 7 is fixed to the first matrix hollowing out 54 by fasteners. The high-frequency radiation unit 6 passes through the second matrix hollowing out 55 and radiates on the front side of the main reflector 5.

[0064] Among them, a first matrix hollow 54 is provided on the above-mentioned recess 51, and its position corresponds to the low-frequency radiation unit 7. The low-frequency radiation unit 7 is fixed on the first matrix hollow 54 by fasteners. A second matrix hollow 55 is provided on the short plane 52 and the long plane 50. The high-frequency radiation unit 6 passes through the second matrix hollow 55 and radiates on the front side of the main reflector 5.

[0065] It can be understood that the design of the first matrix hollowing 54 and the second matrix hollowing 55 ensures the precise deployment of the low-frequency radiation unit 7, improves the performance stability and reliability of the antenna, and through the matrix hollowing, the installation process of the low-frequency and high-frequency radiation units 6 is simpler, reduces assembly errors, and improves production efficiency; in addition, the matrix hollowing design ensures good contact between the radiation unit and the main reflector 5, optimizes the radiation performance of the antenna, and improves the quality and efficiency of signal transmission.

[0066] In some embodiments, the low-frequency radiation unit 7 can be deployed on a concave plane while the high-frequency feeding module can be deployed on a non-concave plane. By utilizing this staggered deployment, the vertical space inside the antenna is effectively reused, making the internal structure of the antenna compact and the cross-sectional size smaller.

[0067] In some embodiments, reference Figure 7 , 11 high-frequency radiation units 6 are evenly arranged on the high-frequency feeding module at a spacing of 0.91 times the wavelength in the vertical direction to form a high-frequency sub-array 100. The high-frequency radiation unit 6 and the high-frequency feeding module are assembled together to form modular production, thereby greatly improving production efficiency.

[0068] In some embodiments, reference Figure 6 and Figure 8 The feeding cavity 81 of the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8 has two rectangular cavities arranged in left and right mirror images, which are respectively used to feed the high-frequency radiation unit 6 with positive and negative 45° polarization. The left and right cavity walls of each rectangular cavity are respectively provided with a groove 86. The feeding board 82 is embedded in the rectangular cavity in parallel along the groove 86. Part of the feeding board 82 is covered with a phase-shifting medium 83. It can be understood that part of the feeding board 82 is covered with a phase-shifting medium 83 to realize the phase shifting function of the signal. The design of the rectangular cavity ensures the positive and negative 45° polarization feeding of the high-frequency radiation unit 6, thereby improving the polarization performance and signal transmission efficiency of the antenna; the groove design enables the feeding board 82 to be embedded in parallel along the groove, thereby ensuring the precise installation and stable connection of the feeding board 82, and reducing installation errors; the use of the phase-shifting medium 83 realizes the precise phase shifting of the signal, thereby improving the performance and signal quality of the antenna.

[0069] In some embodiments, the feeding board 82 is embedded in the rectangular inner cavity parallel to the groove, ensuring the precise installation and stable connection of the feeding board 82. The ends of the feeding board 82 are connected to the first feed line 61 and the second feed line 62 of the high-frequency radiation unit 6 by welding. The phase shifting medium 83 can be made of a material with a high dielectric constant, such as ceramic or Teflon, to achieve precise phase shifting of the signal.

[0070] In some embodiments, the output end of the low-frequency phase shifter 9 can be connected to the low-frequency radiation unit 7 via a coaxial cable to ensure signal transmission, and a phase shifting medium 83 can be provided inside the low-frequency phase shifter 9, using a material with a high dielectric constant, such as PPE, to achieve precise phase shifting of the signal, with certain mechanical strength and high temperature resistance.

[0071] In some embodiments, a rectangular main feed terminal 85 is provided on the lower surface of the feed cavity 81, which is parallel to the lower surface of the feed cavity 81. The main feed terminal 85 is welded to the lower surface of the feed cavity 81 by a laser welding process, and the connector 3 is welded to the main feed terminal 85 by a coaxial cable. It can be understood that the laser welding process ensures the firm connection between the main feed terminal 85 and the feed cavity 81, and improves the reliability and stability of the connection; the use of coaxial cable ensures the efficient transmission of signals, reduces signal loss, and improves the quality of signal transmission; at the same time, the design of the main feed terminal 85 simplifies the connection process between the connector 3 and the feed cavity 81, and improves the installation efficiency.

[0072] In some embodiments, a buckle 84 is disposed on the lower surface of the feeding cavity 81, and semicircular and rectangular hollows are provided on the buckle 84. The semicircular hollow is used to fix the coaxial cable between the connector 3 and the main feed terminal 85, and the rectangular hollow is used to provide a guide for the connecting rod between the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module 8 and the tilt adjustment module 4. The semicircular hollow design ensures the fixation of the coaxial cable, reduces the loosening and falling of the cable, and improves the reliability of the connection; the rectangular hollow provides a guide for the connecting rod, ensures the precise installation and stable operation of the connecting rod, and improves the mechanical properties of the antenna. The design of the buckle 84 simplifies the internal connection structure of the antenna and improves the overall compactness and reliability of the antenna.

[0073] It can be understood that the main feed terminal 85 is laser welded and the high-frequency radiation unit 6 is physically connected with metal fasteners. The cavity does not need to be directly welded to the coaxial cable or the reference ground of the radiation unit as in the traditional cavity phase shifter, and the electroplating treatment on the inner and outer surfaces of the cavity can be eliminated, thereby reducing costs and reducing environmental pollution caused by large-area electroplating processes.

Claims

1. An ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna, characterized in that: include: A main reflector, wherein a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and low-frequency radiation units are disposed on the front of the main reflector, a tilt adjustment module, a high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module and a low-frequency phase shifter are disposed on the back of the main reflector, and the main reflector is physically connected to the outer cover through an internal mounting bracket, and end caps are respectively installed at the head and tail ends of the outer cover; The multiple high-frequency radiation units and low-frequency radiation units form multiple antenna sub-arrays on the front of the main reflector, and the antenna sub-arrays include two low-frequency sub-arrays and four high-frequency sub-arrays. Each of the antenna sub-arrays is divided into ±45° polarization and corresponds to two connectors respectively. A total of 12 connectors corresponding to the antenna sub-arrays are symmetrically arranged on the end cover, and the tilt adjustment module is used to independently adjust the electrical downtilt angle of each antenna sub-array. The high-frequency radiation unit is physically connected to the feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module through a fastener, so that the high-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module share an electrical reference ground; the ends of the first feeder and the second feeder of the high-frequency radiation unit are bent 135° along the other end direction of the feeder itself, perpendicular to the feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module, and the ends of the first feeder and the second feeder extend into the cavity, so that a gap is left outside the feeding cavity, so that the first feeder and the second feeder are connected to the feeding board of the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module by welding; The feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module has two rectangular cavities arranged in left and right mirror images, which are respectively used to feed the high-frequency radiation unit with positive and negative 45° polarization. The left and right walls of each rectangular cavity are respectively provided with a groove, and the feeding board is embedded in the rectangular cavity in parallel along the groove, and part of the feeding board is covered with a phase-shifting medium; a rectangular main feeding terminal is provided on the lower surface of the feeding cavity, and the main feeding terminal is welded to the lower surface of the feeding cavity by a laser welding process, and the connector is welded and connected to the main feeding terminal by a coaxial cable; A buckle is deployed on the lower surface of the feeding cavity of the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module, and a semicircular and rectangular hollowing is provided on the buckle. The semicircular hollowing is used to fix the coaxial cable between the connector and the main feed terminal, and the rectangular hollowing is used to provide guidance for the connecting rod between the high-frequency phase-shifting feeding module and the tilt adjustment module.

2. The ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency phase-shift feeding module is a cavity stripline structure, the low-frequency phase shifter adopts a PCB microstrip line, and the low-frequency phase shifter is deployed below the high-frequency phase-shift feeding module.

3. The ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-frequency sub-array supports the 4T4R standard, the operating frequency range is 690 to 960 MHz, and the relative bandwidth is 32.8%; the high-frequency sub-array supports the 8T8R standard, the operating frequency range is 1690 to 2690 MHz, and the relative bandwidth is 45.7%.

4. The ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main reflector is provided with two flanges symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction, and is continuously provided with two recesses symmetrically arranged in the vertical direction, wherein one of the recesses is connected to the flange via a short plane and is connected to the other recess via a long plane.

5. The ultra-thin ultra-wideband multi-frequency base station antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first matrix hollowing is provided on the depression, and a second matrix hollowing is provided on the short plane and the long plane. The position of the first matrix hollowing corresponds to the low-frequency radiation unit, and the low-frequency radiation unit is fixed to the first matrix hollowing by fasteners. The high-frequency radiation unit passes through the second matrix hollowing and radiates on the front side of the main reflector.

Images