A Chinese medicinal composition for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew, and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention provides a Chinese medicine composition for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew, a preparation method and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of botanical fungicides. The Chinese medicine composition for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew of the present invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 60 parts of Sophora flavescens, 22 to 28 parts of Polygonum hydropiper, 16 to 20 parts of Acorus calamus, 40 to 50 parts of pomegranate peel, 10 to 16 parts of Kochia scoparia and 25 to 35 parts of Smilax glabra. Each Chinese medicine component in the Chinese medicine composition of the present invention has a significant synergistic effect, can be used for the prevention and treatment of pumpkin powdery mildew, and the composition has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, environmental compatibility, low cost, simple preparation method, etc., and has broad market prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of botanical fungicides, and in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] pumpkin( Cucurbita moschata Duch. ) is native to America and was indirectly introduced to Asia via Europe. It has a long history of cultivation. It can be divided into meat pumpkin and seed pumpkin according to its use, and the annual planting area is increasing year by year. Pumpkin seeds have high economic value and contain a variety of biologically active substances, such as unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, minerals, etc., which are beneficial to regulating human blood sugar and cholesterol levels and enhancing immunity. It is a dual-purpose crop for medicine and food. As people's requirements for food materials increase, the demand for pumpkin and the planting area continue to increase. However, the occurrence of powdery mildew and vine blight has become more and more serious year by year, which has had a serious impact on the development of the pumpkin industry.

[0003] In the process of preventing and controlling powdery mildew and vine blight, the irrational use of chemical pesticides has led to an increase in pesticide residues and resistance risks year by year, becoming a barrier to the green production of pumpkins. Botanical pesticides have the characteristics of low toxicity, low residue, and environmental friendliness, so they are receiving more and more attention. In addition to the active ingredients that can effectively prevent and control pests and diseases, there are also a large number of ingredients that regulate plant growth, such as plant organic acids, amino acids, tannins, etc. In addition, in addition to the active ingredients, botanical pesticide products also contain a variety of other substances. In field applications, these substances show effects such as promoting plant growth and development, inducing plants to improve disease resistance and stress resistance, and improving crop quality. The idea of ​​pesticide mixing originated from the compatibility and application of traditional Chinese medicine. Some pest control agents have a long history. In the research of botanical pesticides, we often draw on the theory of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and the compatibility of Chinese herbal medicines, combine the knowledge system of plant protection, create independent and efficient drugs, and ultimately achieve the purpose of green prevention and control. However, there are few reports on botanical pesticides for pumpkin powdery mildew. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a Chinese medicinal composition for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of sophora flavescens, 22-28 parts of polygonum hydropiper, 16-20 parts of calamus, 40-50 parts of pomegranate peel, 10-16 parts of kochia scoparia and 25-35 parts of smilax glabra.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the extract of the Chinese medicine composition, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Mix Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and Acorus calamus with ethanol solution, perform ultrasonic extraction for 40-60 min, remove ethanol and obtain extract;

[0009] S2. Extracting Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra with water to obtain an extract;

[0010] S3. The extract and the extracting solution are mixed and then allowed to stand, and then centrifuged to obtain the supernatant.

[0011] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the total mass of Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and Acorus calamus to the ethanol solution is 1 g:10-16 mL.

[0012] Preferably, the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 70-80%.

[0013] Preferably, the ultrasonic power during ultrasonic extraction is 120-150W, and the extraction temperature is 24-30°C.

[0014] Preferably, during water extraction, the mass volume ratio of the total mass of Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra to water is 1 g: 8-12 mL.

[0015] Preferably, the water extraction step is: heating over high heat until boiling and then heating over low heat for 60 to 80 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, the placement time is 22 to 26 hours, the centrifugal speed is 800 to 1200 rpm, and the centrifugal time is 10 to 20 minutes.

[0017] The invention also provides application of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in preparing medicine for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew.

[0018] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the Chinese medicine composition for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew of the present invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of Sophora flavescens, 22-28 parts of Polygonum hydropiper, 16-20 parts of Acorus calamus, 40-50 parts of pomegranate peel, 10-16 parts of Kochia scoparia and 25-35 parts of Smilax glabra. Each Chinese medicine component in the Chinese medicine composition of the present invention has a significant synergistic effect, can be used for the prevention and treatment of pumpkin powdery mildew, and the composition has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, environmental compatibility, low cost, simple preparation method, etc., and has broad market prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of sophora flavescens, 22-28 parts of polygonum hydropiper, 16-20 parts of calamus, 40-50 parts of pomegranate peel, 10-16 parts of kochia scoparia and 25-35 parts of smilax glabra.

[0020] In the Chinese medicine composition of the present invention, the mass fraction of Sophora flavescens is 30 to 60 parts, more preferably 40 to 50 parts, and more preferably 45 parts;

[0021] The mass fraction of the Polygonum hydropiper is 22 to 28 parts, more preferably 24 to 26 parts, and more preferably 25 parts;

[0022] The mass fraction of the calamus is 16 to 20 parts, more preferably 17 to 19 parts, and more preferably 18 parts;

[0023] The mass fraction of the pomegranate peel is 40 to 50 parts, more preferably 42 to 48 parts, and more preferably 46 parts;

[0024] The mass fraction of the Kochia scoparia seeds is 10 to 16 parts, more preferably 12 to 14 parts, and more preferably 13 parts;

[0025] The mass fraction of the Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae is 25 to 35 parts, more preferably 28 to 32 parts, and more preferably 30 parts.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the extract of the Chinese medicine composition, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1. Mix Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and Acorus calamus with ethanol solution, perform ultrasonic extraction for 40-60 min, remove ethanol and obtain extract;

[0028] S2. Extracting Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra with water to obtain an extract;

[0029] S3. Mix the extract and the extract, place them aside, centrifuge them and take the supernatant.

[0030] The present invention weighs Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and calamus according to the mass ratio, mixes with ethanol solution and performs ultrasonic extraction, the mass volume ratio of the total mass of Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and calamus to the ethanol solution is 1g: 10~16mL, more preferably 1g: 12~14mL, more preferably 1g: 13mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 70~80%, more preferably 72~78%, more preferably 75%; during ultrasonic extraction, the extraction temperature is 24~30℃, more preferably 26~28℃, more preferably 27℃, and the ultrasonic power is 120~150W, more preferably 130~140W, more preferably 135W. After the extraction is completed, filter with gauze, take the dregs, repeat the above steps for extraction, repeat 1~2 times, combine the filtrate, recover ethanol, and obtain an extract. The present invention has no special limitation on the method for removing ethanol, and the method commonly used by those skilled in the art can be used, for example, ethanol can be removed by rotary evaporation.

[0031] In the present invention, Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae are mixed with water for extraction, the total mass of Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and the mass volume ratio of water is 1g: 8~12mL, more preferably 1g: 9~11mL, more preferably 1g: 10mL, high heat is heated to boiling and then slow fire is heated, and it lasts for 60~80min, more preferably 65~75min, more preferably 70min. After the extraction is completed, filter with gauze, take the residue, repeat the above steps to extract, repeat 1~2 times, and combine the filtrate to be the extract.

[0032] The extract and the extract are mixed and placed, and the supernatant is obtained by centrifugation; the placing time is 22 to 26 hours, more preferably 23 to 25 hours, and more preferably 24 hours; the centrifugal speed is 800 to 1200 rpm, more preferably 900 to 1100 rpm, and more preferably 1000 rpm; the centrifugal time is 10 to 20 minutes, more preferably 13 to 18 minutes, and more preferably 15 minutes; the supernatant is taken after centrifugation, which is the extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0033] The invention also provides application of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in preparing medicine for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew.

[0034] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The Chinese medicine composition of this embodiment is composed of the following components by weight: 30 kg of Sophora flavescens, 22 kg of Polygonum hydropiper, 16 kg of Acorus calamus, 40 kg of pomegranate peel, 10 kg of Kochia scoparia and 25 kg of Smilax glabra.

[0037] Preparation method of extract of Chinese medicine composition: Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and calamus are mixed with 70% ethanol solution at a mass volume ratio of 1g:10mL, and ultrasonic extraction is performed at 24°C for 40min, with an ultrasonic power of 120W. After the extraction is completed, filter with gauze, take the drug residue, repeat the above steps for extraction, repeat once, combine the filtrate, and recover ethanol by rotary evaporation at 175mbar and 40°C, and rotary evaporation to obtain an extract with a density of 1.1 g / mL.

[0038] Extraction was performed by mixing Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra with water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g: 8 mL, heating to boiling over high heat and then heating over low heat for 60 min. After the extraction was completed, the mixture was filtered with gauze, the residue was taken, and the above steps were repeated for extraction. After repeating once, the filtrate was combined to obtain the extract.

[0039] After the extract and the extract are mixed and stirred evenly, the mixture is allowed to stand for 22 hours and centrifuged at 800 rpm for 20 minutes. After centrifugation, the supernatant is obtained, which is the extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The Chinese medicine composition of this embodiment is composed of the following components by weight: 45 kg of Sophora flavescens, 25 kg of Polygonum hydropiper, 18 kg of Acorus calamus, 45 kg of pomegranate peel, 13 kg of Kochia scoparia and 30 kg of Smilax glabra.

[0042] Preparation method of extract of Chinese medicine composition: Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and calamus are mixed with 75% ethanol solution at a mass volume ratio of 1g:14mL, and ultrasonic extraction is performed at 26°C for 50min, and the ultrasonic power is 140W. After the extraction is completed, filter with gauze, take the drug residue, repeat the above steps for extraction, repeat once, combine the filtrate, and recover ethanol by rotary evaporation at 175mbar and 40°C, and rotary evaporation to obtain an extract with a density of 1.2 g / mL.

[0043] Extraction was performed by mixing Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra with water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:10 mL, heating to boiling over high heat and then heating over low heat for 70 minutes. After the extraction was completed, the mixture was filtered with gauze, the residue was taken, and the above steps were repeated for extraction. After repeating once, the filtrate was combined to obtain the extract.

[0044] After the extract and the extract are mixed and stirred evenly, they are placed for 24 hours and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 15 minutes. After centrifugation, the supernatant is taken, which is the extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] The Chinese medicine composition of this embodiment is composed of the following components by weight: 60 kg of Sophora flavescens, 28 kg of Polygonum hydropiper, 20 kg of Acorus calamus, 50 kg of pomegranate peel, 16 kg of Kochia scoparia and 35 kg of Smilax glabra.

[0047] Preparation method of extract of Chinese medicine composition: Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and calamus are mixed with ethanol solution with a volume fraction of 80% at a mass volume ratio of 1g:16mL, and ultrasonic extraction is performed at 30°C for 60min, and the ultrasonic power is 150W. After the extraction is completed, filter with gauze, take the drug residue, repeat the above steps for extraction, repeat twice, combine the filtrate, and recover ethanol by rotary evaporation at 175mbar and 40°C, and rotary evaporation to obtain an extract with a density of 1.4g / mL.

[0048] Extraction was performed by mixing Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra with water at a mass volume ratio of 1 g:12 mL, heating to boiling over high heat and then heating over low heat for 80 min. After the extraction was completed, the mixture was filtered with gauze, the residue was taken, and the above steps were repeated for extraction. After repeating twice, the filtrate was combined to obtain the extract.

[0049] After the extract and the extract are mixed and stirred evenly, the mixture is placed for 26 hours and centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 10 minutes. After centrifugation, the supernatant is obtained, which is the extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] The difference from Example 1 is that Kochia scoparia seeds are not added, and the other Chinese medicinal components, the quantity of each component and the preparation method are the same as in Example 1.

[0052] Comparative Example 2

[0053] The difference from Example 1 is that pomegranate peel is not added, and other Chinese medicinal components, quantities of each component and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 3

[0055] The difference from Example 1 is that the Kochia scoparia seeds are replaced with Dictamni cortex of the same mass, and the other Chinese medicinal components, the quantity of each component and the preparation method are the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Comparative Example 4

[0057] Different from Example 1, Sophora flavescens, Polygonum hydropiper, Acorus calamus, Pomegranate peel, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra were mixed with water at a mass volume ratio of 1g:8mL for extraction, heated to boiling over high heat and then heated over low heat for 60 minutes. After the extraction was completed, the mixture was filtered with gauze, the residue was taken, and the above steps were repeated for extraction. After repeating once, the filtrate was combined to obtain the extract.

[0058] After the extract and the extract are mixed and stirred evenly, the mixture is allowed to stand for 22 hours and centrifuged at 800 rpm for 20 minutes. After centrifugation, the supernatant is obtained, which is the extract of the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

[0059] Experimental example

[0060] The field efficacy test was conducted in the field of Qiaojia Village, Shibu Town, Changyi City, Weifang City. The test object was pumpkin powdery mildew. A total of 8 groups were set up, including 1 blank control group, 3 embodiment groups, and 4 comparative groups. The area of ​​each group was 50m 2 15 pumpkin seedlings were planted in each plot. The pumpkin variety was Beibei chestnut pumpkin from Weifang, Shandong. A protection row was set between each treatment. The treatments were arranged in random blocks with 3 replicates per group. Podosphere xanthi ), make normal pumpkin disease, investigate the disease index at the early stage of pumpkin powdery mildew, then apply the pesticide for the first time, and apply the pesticide for the second time after 10 days.

[0061] The extracts of the traditional Chinese medicine compositions prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were diluted ten times with deionized water and then sprayed. The Example 1 to 3 groups were sprayed with the dilutions of the extracts of the traditional Chinese medicine compositions prepared in Examples 1 to 3 (hereinafter referred to as "agents"), the Comparative Example 1 to 4 groups were sprayed with the agents prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, and the blank control group was sprayed with an equal amount of deionized water.

[0062] Each group was respectively applied with the extract of the Chinese medicine composition prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example at a dosage of 0.5 kg / mu. The extract of the Chinese medicine composition was diluted ten times with deionized water and then sprayed. When spraying, the leaves of the whole plant were sprayed thoroughly on both sides. The number of diseased leaves and the degree of disease were investigated 10 days after the second application of the medicine, and the disease index and the control effect were calculated. The diseased leaves were divided into 0-9 grades, and the grading standard (in leaves) was:

[0063] Level 0: no lesions on leaves;

[0064] Level 1: The lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the total leaf area;

[0065] Level 3: The lesion area accounts for 6-10% of the total leaf area;

[0066] Level 5: The lesion area accounts for 11-20% of the total leaf area;

[0067] Level 7: The lesion area accounts for 21-40% of the total leaf area;

[0068] Level 9: The lesion area accounts for 41% or more of the total leaf area, or the leaves are severely wrinkled due to the disease.

[0069] Disease index = [Σ(number of diseased leaves at each level × value of that level) / (total number of leaves investigated × 9)] × 100;

[0070] Control effect = [1-(disease index of blank control area before pesticide application × disease index of pesticide-treated area after pesticide application) / (disease index of blank control area after pesticide application × disease index of pesticide-treated area before pesticide application)] × 100%.

[0071] Table 1 Comparison of the treatment effects of pumpkin powdery mildew in each group

[0072]

[0073] The results of the field efficacy test show that the agent of the embodiment of the present invention has a good control effect on pumpkin powdery mildew, and the control effect is above 80%, which is much higher than the control effect of the agents in Comparative Examples 1 to 4. This shows that after the various components of the Chinese medicine composition of the present invention are compounded, not only the incidence rate and disease index are effectively reduced, the control effect is improved, but also the use of chemical drugs is greatly reduced, and pollution is reduced; and the Chinese medicine raw materials of the present invention are cheap and easy to obtain, saving economic investment.

[0074] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides a Chinese medicine composition for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew, and a preparation method and application thereof. The various Chinese medicine components in the Chinese medicine composition of the present invention have significant synergistic effects and can be used for the prevention and treatment of pumpkin powdery mildew. The composition has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, environmental compatibility, low cost, simple preparation method, etc., and has broad market prospects.

[0075] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Chinese medicine composition, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of Sophora flavescens, 22-28 parts of Polygonum hydropiper, 16-20 parts of Acorus calamus, 40-50 parts of Pomegranate peel, 10-16 parts of Kochia scoparia and 25-35 parts of Smilax glabra. The preparation method of the Chinese medicine composition comprises the following steps: S1. Mix Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and Acorus calamus with ethanol solution, perform ultrasonic extraction for 40-60 min, recover ethanol and obtain extract; S2. Extracting Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra with water to obtain an extract; S3. The extract and the extract are mixed and placed, and the supernatant is obtained by centrifugation; The mass volume ratio of the total mass of Sophora flavescens, pomegranate peel and Acorus calamus to the ethanol solution is 1g:10~16mL; The volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 70-80%; During ultrasonic extraction, the ultrasonic power is 120~150W and the extraction temperature is 24~30℃.

2. The Chinese medicine composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: During water extraction, the mass-to-volume ratio of the total mass of Polygonum hydropiper, Kochia scoparia and Smilax glabra to water is 1 g:8-12 mL.

3. The Chinese medicine composition according to claim 1, characterized in that The water extraction step is: heating with high heat until boiling and then heating with low heat for 60 to 80 minutes.

4. The Chinese medicine composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The placement time is 22 to 26 hours, the centrifugal speed is 800 to 1200 rpm, and the centrifugal time is 10 to 20 minutes.

5. Use of the Chinese medicine composition according to claim 1 in preparing drugs for resisting pumpkin powdery mildew.

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