3DP printing method based on metal-ceramic composite powder materials

Abstract

The present application discloses a 3DP printing method based on metal-ceramic composite powder materials, which relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology. The present application uses an external high-temperature-resistant perforated ceramic gasket-infiltration process after the metal-ceramic composite powder is subjected to binder jet printing, solidification, powder removal, and degreasing treatment, thereby avoiding copper phase erosion caused by direct contact between the bottom of the printed-degreased part and the infiltration material, effectively ensuring the surface quality of the sample, and facilitating the separation of the infiltration alloy from the printed part after the infiltration is completed. By controlling the amount of infiltration material used, the poor liquid phase overflow of the infiltration material in a high-temperature environment can be effectively controlled, and the printed-infiltration part can have a better appearance contour while ensuring the high density of the sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of additive manufacturing technology, and in particular to a 3DP printing method based on metal-ceramic composite powder materials. Background Art

[0002] Binder jet printing technology, also known as 3DP technology (Three dimensional printing), is an additive manufacturing technology developed by MIT in the early 1990s. Similar to most additive manufacturing principles, binder jet printing technology forms an STL file based on the CAD three-dimensional model through slicing and layering. The printing device spreads the metal or ceramic powder layer on the metal printing platform through a powder dropping device, and then the print head selectively deposits organic or inorganic binders on the powder layer through the slice contour of each layer of the three-dimensional model in the STL file to bond the powder together. As the printing process continues, the printed layers of powder are bonded together to generate a printed-green part with the desired geometric structure, and then the printed-green part is cured, degreased, and sintered to finally obtain a formed part with ideal density and mechanical properties.

[0003] In the 3DP printing process, the printed and degreased parts will shrink significantly during the sintering process, which can easily cause obvious structural deformation of the formed parts, resulting in poor final dimensional control accuracy of the printed parts. Excessively high temperatures may cause incomplete or over-sintering of the material, affecting the performance of the material.

[0004] Compared with metal powder materials, metal-ceramic composite powder materials are more difficult to infiltrate due to the poor compatibility between ceramics and infiltrated metal alloys, which leads to metallurgical reactions in the contact area between the printed part and the infiltrated metal alloy, resulting in severe alloying and significant changes in the material properties of the printed part itself. In particular, when the printed part is a metal-ceramic composite material, the corrosive effect of the infiltrated alloy may significantly reduce the ceramic phase content in the contact area between the printed part and the infiltrated alloy, severely reduce the strength of the contact area between the printed part and the infiltrated alloy, and cause the microstructure and properties of the contact area between the printed part and the infiltrated alloy to be greatly different from those of the printed part far away from the contact area, which will reduce the material properties of the contact area between the printed part and the infiltrated metal alloy. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a 3DP printing method based on metal-ceramic composite powder materials, in which the degreased metal-ceramic composite printed part is placed on a perforated ceramic plate for infiltration treatment, which effectively slows down the erosion of the direct contact position between the printed part and the infiltrated metal alloy, and ensures the performance and quality of the sample surface; the specific technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0006] The 3DP printing method based on metal-ceramic composite powder material includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Preparation of metal-ceramic composite powder;

[0008] S2. The metal-ceramic composite powder in step S1 is subjected to binder jet printing, thermal curing, and removal of loose powder to obtain a print;

[0009] S3. Degrease the printed part in step S2, and place the degreased printed part on a high-temperature resistant gasket with holes for infiltration treatment to obtain a metal-ceramic material printed-infiltrated part.

[0010] Preferably, the perforated high temperature resistant gasket comprises a perforated ceramic gasket, and the material of the perforated ceramic gasket comprises at least one of oxides, carbides and nitrides.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the perforated ceramic gasket is 0.5-3 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the number of holes in the perforated ceramic gasket is several, and the hole diameter of the perforated ceramic gasket is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part.

[0013] Preferably, the infiltration material includes at least one of Cu-Sn alloy, Cu-Ni alloy and Cu-Ni-Mn alloy.

[0014] Preferably, the amount of infiltration material m=ρ 理 v, where ρ 理 It refers to the theoretical density of the infiltration material, and v refers to the total volume of the pores of the sintered sample of the metal-ceramic composite powder print measured at the infiltration temperature.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the metal-ceramic composite powder is prepared from metal powder and ceramic powder, the metal powder includes at least one of 316L stainless steel, 17-4PH stainless steel, 420 stainless steel, and 304 stainless steel; or / and the ceramic powder includes at least one of WC, TiC, and SiC.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the average particle size range of the metal powder is 1 μm-100 μm, and the average particle size of the ceramic powder is 0.1 μm-100 μm; further preferably, the average particle size range of the metal powder is 10 μm-55 μm, and the average particle size of the ceramic powder is 2 μm-50 μm.

[0017] Preferably, in the metal-ceramic composite powder of step S1, the volume ratio of ceramic powder is 1-99%; further preferably, in the metal-ceramic composite powder of step S1, the volume ratio of ceramic powder is 1-60%.

[0018] Preferably, in the binder jet printing process described in step S2: the roller lateral movement speed is 5mm / s-35mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 40μm-150μm, and the binder saturation is 40%-100%; or / and in the thermal curing process: the curing temperature is 130℃-200℃, and the curing time is 3h-8h; or / and in the degreasing process: the heating rate is 2℃ / min-8℃ / min; or / and in the step S3, the degreasing temperature is 400-600℃, the holding time is 30min-120min, and inert gas protection is introduced during the degreasing process.

[0019] Preferably, the heating rate during infiltration is 1°C / min-8°C / min, the infiltration temperature is 100-300°C below the melting point of the metal material, the holding time is 30min-120min, and the infiltration sintering process is carried out in an inert gas or vacuum.

[0020] Beneficial effects of this application:

[0021] 1) Compared with the traditional binder jet printing, thermal curing, degreasing and sintering processes, the present application uses metal-ceramic composite powder as raw material for 3DP printing to obtain a printed part, degreasing to obtain a printed-degreasing part, and then uses the melt infiltration method for heat treatment to uniformly infiltrate the molten alloy into the pores of the infiltrated matrix; the use of the melt infiltration process instead of the traditional solid phase sintering process can effectively reduce the number of pores and the shrinkage range of the formed part, thereby improving the density and dimensional accuracy.

[0022] 2) In view of the poor compatibility of ceramics and infiltrated metal alloys in metal-ceramic composite powder materials, infiltration is more difficult, resulting in metallurgical reactions in the area where the printed part contacts the infiltrated metal alloy, causing serious alloying problems. The present application performs binder spray printing, curing, de-powdering and degreasing on the metal-ceramic composite powder, and then uses an external high-temperature resistant perforated ceramic gasket-infiltration process to avoid copper phase corrosion caused by direct contact between the bottom of the printed-degreased part and the infiltrated material, effectively ensuring the surface quality of the sample and helping to separate the infiltrated alloy from the printed part after the infiltration is completed.

[0023] 3) The infiltration process mainly relies on the capillary force formed by the pores of the printed part. The aperture of the porous ceramic gasket is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part. The infiltration time will not be long due to the small size of the hole, nor will the infiltration sample collapse due to the large size of the hole.

[0024] 4) After degreasing, the printed metal-ceramic composite parts are sintered at the infiltration temperature, and the amount of infiltration material used is calculated according to the porosity of the sample at this temperature. By controlling the amount of infiltration material used, the poor liquid phase overflow of the infiltration material in a high temperature environment can be effectively controlled, so that the printed-infiltration parts have a better appearance contour. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the external high temperature resistant porous ceramic gasket-infiltration process described in this application.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Infiltration material, 2. Ceramic gasket with holes, 3. Through hole, 4. Printing-degreased part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described here are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The "printed product" mentioned in the present invention refers to the printed product obtained after 3DP printing and heat curing of the target product.

[0029] The present invention measures the density by the Archimedes drainage method.

[0030] The metal-ceramic composite powder of the present invention can be prepared by directly mixing ceramic powder and metal powder by wet ball milling.

[0031] Dimensional shrinkage test: Use a vernier caliper to measure the actual dimensions (including length, width, and height) of the printed-infiltrated part, and calculate the shrinkage of each dimension by comparing it with the dimensions of the design model.

[0032] See also Figure 1 A perforated ceramic gasket 2 is placed above the infiltration material 1, and a printed-degreased part 4 is placed on the perforated ceramic gasket 2 for infiltration treatment; the infiltration material 1 passes through the through hole 3 on the perforated ceramic gasket and infiltrates the printed-degreased part 4 under the action of capillary force.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0035] S1. 316L stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 32 μm and WC ceramic powder with a size of 10 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain the corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0036] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process, the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat-cured at a curing temperature of 200° C. for 4 hours to obtain a printed part.

[0037] S3. Degrease the printed part, and pass argon protection during the degreasing process, with an argon flow rate of 0.5L / min, a maximum degreasing temperature of 500°C, and a holding time of 30min to obtain a printed-degreased part. The printed-degreased part is subjected to infiltration treatment, and the infiltration material is Cu-Sn alloy powder. The infiltration method is an external high-temperature resistant perforated ceramic gasket-infiltration. The diameter of the through hole on the ceramic gasket is 3mm, and the hole spacing is 15mm. The diameter of the through hole is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part. The holes are evenly distributed on the ceramic gasket in contact with the bottom of the printed part. Argon protection is passed during the infiltration process, the maximum infiltration temperature is 1120°C, and the holding time is 30min to obtain a printed-infiltration part.

[0038] The infiltrated metal is easily separated from the printed part, and the volume ratio of ceramics in this sample is 10%.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0041] S1. 316L stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 32 μm and WC ceramic powder with a size of 10 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 17:3 to obtain corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0042] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process, the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat-cured at a curing temperature of 200° C. for 4 hours to obtain a printed part.

[0043] S3. Degrease the printed part, and pass argon protection during the degreasing process, with an argon flow rate of 0.5L / min, a maximum degreasing temperature of 500°C, and a holding time of 30min to obtain a printed-degreased part. Perform infiltration treatment on the printed-degreased part, with the infiltration material being Cu-Sn alloy powder, and an infiltration method of an external high-temperature resistant perforated ceramic gasket-infiltration is adopted. The diameter of the through hole on the ceramic gasket is 5mm, and the hole spacing is 25mm. The diameter of the through hole is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part, and the holes are evenly distributed on the ceramic gasket in contact with the bottom of the printed part. During the infiltration process, argon protection is passed, the maximum infiltration temperature is 1120°C, and the holding time is 30min to obtain a printed-infiltrated part.

[0044] The infiltrated metal is easily separated from the printed part, and the volume ratio of ceramics in the sample is 15%.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0047] S1. 316L stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 32 μm and WC ceramic powder with a size of 10 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 4:1 to obtain the corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0048] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process: the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat cured at a curing temperature of 200°C and a curing time of 4 hours to obtain a printed part. The printed part is degreased. During the degreasing process, argon protection is introduced with an argon flow rate of 0.5 L / min, the maximum degreasing temperature is 500°C, and the holding time is 30 minutes to obtain a printed-degreased part.

[0049] S3. The printed and degreased parts are subjected to infiltration treatment. The infiltration material is Cu-Sn alloy powder. An external high-temperature resistant perforated ceramic gasket is used for infiltration. The diameter of the through hole on the ceramic gasket is 6 mm, and the hole spacing is 30 mm. The diameter of the through hole is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part. The holes are evenly distributed on the ceramic gasket in contact with the bottom of the printed part. Argon gas is introduced for protection during the infiltration process. The maximum infiltration temperature is 1120°C and the insulation time is 30 minutes to obtain a printed and infiltrated part.

[0050] The infiltrated metal is easily separated from the printed part, and the volume ratio of ceramics in the sample is 20%.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0053] S1. 420 stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 37 μm and WC ceramic powder with a size of 6 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0054] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process: the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat cured at a curing temperature of 200°C and a curing time of 4 hours to obtain a printed part. The printed part is degreased. During the degreasing process, argon protection is introduced with an argon flow rate of 0.5 L / min, the maximum degreasing temperature is 550°C, and the holding time is 30 minutes to obtain a printed-degreased part.

[0055] S3. The printed and degreased parts are subjected to infiltration treatment. The infiltration material is Cu-Sn alloy powder. An external high-temperature resistant perforated ceramic gasket is used for infiltration. The diameter of the through hole on the ceramic gasket is 3mm, and the hole spacing is 15mm. The diameter of the through hole is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part. The holes are evenly distributed on the ceramic gasket in contact with the bottom of the printed part. Argon gas is introduced for protection during the infiltration process. The maximum infiltration temperature is 1120°C and the insulation time is 30min to obtain a printed and infiltrated part.

[0056] The infiltrated metal is easily separated from the printed part, and the volume ratio of ceramics in the sample is 10%.

[0057] Example 5

[0058] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0059] S1. 420 stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 37 μm and SiC ceramic powder with a size of 6 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0060] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process: the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat cured at a curing temperature of 200°C and a curing time of 4 hours to obtain a printed part. The printed part is degreased. During the degreasing process, argon protection is introduced with an argon flow rate of 0.5 L / min, the maximum degreasing temperature is 550°C, and the holding time is 30 minutes to obtain a printed-degreased part.

[0061] S3. The printed and degreased parts are subjected to infiltration treatment. The infiltration material is Cu-Ni alloy powder. An external high-temperature resistant perforated ceramic gasket is used for infiltration. The diameter of the through hole on the ceramic gasket is 4mm, and the hole spacing is 18mm. The diameter of the through hole is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part. The holes are evenly distributed on the ceramic gasket in contact with the bottom of the printed part. Argon gas is introduced for protection during the infiltration process. The maximum infiltration temperature is 1150°C and the insulation time is 30min to obtain a printed and infiltrated part.

[0062] The infiltrated metal is easily separated from the printed part, and the volume ratio of ceramics in the sample is 10%.

[0063] Example 6

[0064] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0065] S1. 420 stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 37 μm and TiC ceramic powder with a size of 6 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0066] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process: the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat cured at a curing temperature of 200°C and a curing time of 4 hours to obtain a printed part. The printed part is degreased. During the degreasing process, argon protection is introduced with an argon flow rate of 0.5 L / min, the maximum degreasing temperature is 550°C, and the holding time is 30 minutes to obtain a printed-degreased part.

[0067] S3. The printed and degreased parts are subjected to infiltration treatment. The infiltration material is Cu-Ni alloy powder. An external high-temperature resistant perforated ceramic gasket is used for infiltration. The diameter of the through hole on the ceramic gasket is 2mm, and the hole spacing is 10mm. The diameter of the through hole is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part. The holes are evenly distributed on the ceramic gasket in contact with the bottom of the printed part. Argon gas is introduced for protection during the infiltration process. The maximum infiltration temperature is 1150°C and the insulation time is 30min to obtain a printed and infiltrated part.

[0068] The infiltrated metal is easily separated from the printed part, and the volume ratio of ceramics in the sample is 10%.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0071] S1. 316L stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 32 μm and WC ceramic powder with a size of 10 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain the corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0072] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process, the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat-cured at a curing temperature of 200° C. for 4 hours to obtain a printed part.

[0073] S3. Degrease the printed part, and pass argon protection during the degreasing process, with an argon flow rate of 0.5L / min, a maximum degreasing temperature of 500°C, and a holding time of 30min to obtain a printed-degreased part. Infiltration treatment is performed on the printed-degreased part, and the infiltration material is Cu-Sn alloy powder. The infiltration method of the infiltration with a high-temperature-resistant porous ceramic gasket is not adopted. Argon protection is passed during the infiltration process, and the maximum infiltration temperature is 1120°C, and the holding time is 30min to obtain a printed-infiltrated part.

[0074] The infiltrated metal is difficult to separate from the printed part.

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0077] S1. 316L stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 32 μm and WC ceramic powder with a size of 10 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 17:3 to obtain corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0078] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process, the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat-cured at a curing temperature of 200° C. for 4 hours to obtain a printed part.

[0079] S3. Degrease the printed part, and pass argon protection during the degreasing process, with an argon flow rate of 0.5L / min, a maximum degreasing temperature of 500°C, and a holding time of 30min to obtain a printed-degreased part. Infiltration treatment is performed on the printed-degreased part, and the infiltration material is Cu-Sn alloy powder. The infiltration method of the infiltration with a high-temperature-resistant porous ceramic gasket is not adopted. Argon protection is passed during the infiltration process, and the maximum infiltration temperature is 1120°C, and the holding time is 30min to obtain a printed-infiltrated part.

[0080] The infiltrated metal is difficult to separate from the printed part.

[0081] Comparative Example 3

[0082] A melt infiltration method based on 3DP printing of metal-ceramic composite powder materials includes the following specific steps:

[0083] S1. 316L stainless steel powder with an average particle size of 32 μm and WC ceramic powder with a size of 10 μm are wet-milled and mixed in a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain the corresponding metal-ceramic composite powder.

[0084] S2. The composite powder is 3DP printed. During the printing process: the roller traverse speed is 10 mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 50 μm, and the binder saturation is 50%. After printing, the green printed part is heat-cured at a curing temperature of 200°C and a curing time of 4 hours to obtain a printed part. The printed part is degreased. During the degreasing process, argon protection is introduced with an argon flow rate of 0.5 L / min, the maximum degreasing temperature is 500°C, and the holding time is 30 minutes to obtain a printed-degreased part.

[0085] S3. The printed and degreased parts were sintered. Argon gas was introduced during the sintering process. The argon gas flow rate was 0.5 L / min. The maximum sintering temperature was 1250° C. and the holding time was 60 min to obtain the printed and sintered parts.

[0086] The performance of the printed-sintered parts was characterized, and the volume ratio of ceramics in the sample was 10%.

[0087] The relevant data in Examples 1-6 of the present application and Comparative Examples 1-3 are compared, see Table 1.

[0088] Table 1 Test data in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from Table 1, the infiltration process of the invention with an additional high-temperature-resistant perforated ceramic gasket-infiltration avoids copper phase corrosion caused by direct contact between the bottom of the printed-degreased part and the infiltration material; effectively ensures the surface quality of the sample, and helps to separate the infiltrated alloy from the printed part after the infiltration is completed; it is widely applicable to the preparation of ceramic-metal composite materials, and has good density and high dimensional accuracy. If the perforated ceramic sheet is not used for the infiltration process, the infiltrated metal is difficult to separate from the printed part after infiltration. In addition, when the infiltration method described in the invention is not used, and the direct sintering process of the prior art is used, the density is low and the dimensional accuracy is poor.

[0092] In particular, after adding WC ceramic powder to the stainless steel powder, the 3DP printed parts are degreased and sintered (Comparative Example 3) to achieve a density close to 97%, but the size shrinkage in all directions is relatively large. After adopting the infiltration process of adding a high-temperature resistant porous ceramic gasket-infiltration (Examples 1-6), the samples are not only close to full density, but also have small dimensional changes in all directions. This shows that the dimensional accuracy of the infiltrated parts is relatively high.

[0093] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention may be implemented in other forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be included in the present invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0094] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in accordance with the implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the technical features not described in detail in the present invention can be realized by any prior art in the art.

Claims

1. A 3DP printing method based on metal-ceramic composite powder material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of metal-ceramic composite powder; S2. The metal-ceramic composite powder in step S1 is subjected to binder jet printing, thermal curing, and removal of loose powder to obtain a print; S3. Degreasing the printed part in step S2, placing the degreased printed part on a high temperature resistant gasket with holes for infiltration treatment, and obtaining a metal-ceramic material printed-infiltrated part; The perforated high temperature resistant gasket comprises a perforated ceramic gasket, and the material of the perforated ceramic gasket comprises at least one of oxide, carbide and nitride; The number of holes in the perforated ceramic gasket is several, and the hole diameter of the perforated ceramic gasket is 5-20% of the bottom size of the printed part.

2. The 3DP printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the perforated ceramic gasket is 0.5-3 mm.

3. The 3DP printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infiltration material includes at least one of Cu-Sn alloy, Cu-Ni alloy and Cu-Ni-Mn alloy.

4. The 3DP printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Amount of infiltration material ,in It refers to the theoretical density of the infiltration material, and v refers to the total volume of the pores of the sintered sample of the metal-ceramic composite powder print measured at the infiltration temperature.

5. The 3DP printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the metal-ceramic composite powder is prepared from metal powder and ceramic powder, the metal powder includes at least one of 316L stainless steel, 17-4PH stainless steel, 420 stainless steel, and 304 stainless steel; or / and the ceramic powder includes at least one of WC, TiC, and SiC.

6. The 3DP printing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S1, the average particle size of the metal powder is in the range of 10 μm-55 μm, and the average particle size of the ceramic powder is in the range of 2 μm-50 μm; or / and in the metal-ceramic composite powder in step S1, the volume proportion of the ceramic powder is 1-60%.

7. The 3DP printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, in the binder jet printing process: the roller lateral movement speed is 5mm / s-35mm / s, the powder layer thickness is 40μm-150μm, and the binder saturation is 40%-100%; or / and in the thermal curing process: the curing temperature is 130℃-200℃, and the curing time is 3h-8h; or / and in the degreasing process: the heating rate is 2℃ / min-8℃ / min; or / and in step S3, the degreasing temperature is 400-600℃, the insulation time is 30min-120min, and inert gas protection is introduced during the degreasing process.

8. The 3DP printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the heating rate during infiltration is 1°C / min-8°C / min, the infiltration temperature is 100-300°C below the melting point of the metal material, the insulation time is 30min-120min, and the infiltration process is carried out in an inert gas or vacuum.

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