A copper-iron-based brake composite material and a method for producing the same

Abstract

The application relates to the field of brake composite materials, in particular to a copper-iron-based brake composite material and a preparation method thereof, the composite material comprising the following components by weight: 10-60 parts of a metal base material, 1-30 parts of a lubricating material and 1-10 parts of a reinforcing material; the metal base material comprises copper powder, iron powder and aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 5:5:1; the lubricating material comprises one or more of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride and polytetrafluoroethylene; and the reinforcing material comprises one or more of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, carbon fiber and glass fiber. The application realizes continuous and automatic operation of material grinding, drying and blowing by integrating grinding, stirring, drying and extrusion molding in the same equipment, simplifies the process flow, reduces the equipment space and the labor operation cost, and thus improves the production efficiency and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of brake composite materials, and specifically to a copper-iron-based brake composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Copper-iron based brake composites are powder metallurgy materials with excellent mechanical and tribological properties, widely used in aircraft multi-disc brake systems, vehicle brakes, and clutches. This material, by combining copper and iron with reinforcing materials, can compensate for the shortcomings of a single material to some extent. For example, copper provides good thermal conductivity, iron enhances the material's hardness and strength, and the reinforcing materials can further improve the material's wear resistance and thermal stability.

[0003] In existing technologies, the preparation of copper-iron-based composite materials typically requires multiple pieces of equipment and involves several steps, making the process cumbersome. Furthermore, the discontinuous operation between different pieces of equipment necessitates the transfer, storage, and reprocessing of materials between different processes. This not only increases the production cycle but may also lead to material contamination or performance degradation during transfer, thus affecting the quality and consistency of the final product.

[0004] In summary, addressing the issue of discontinuous operation in existing technologies using multiple devices for preparation, which negatively impacts the quality of the final product, has become a pressing problem in this field. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a copper-iron-based brake composite material and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a copper-iron-based brake composite material and its preparation method. The material integrates grinding, stirring, drying, and extrusion molding mechanisms into a single device, achieving continuous and automated operation of material grinding, drying, and purging. This simplifies the process flow, reduces equipment space requirements and labor costs, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a copper-iron-based braking composite material, comprising the following weight components: 10-60 parts of a metal substrate, 1-30 parts of a lubricating material and 1-10 parts of a reinforcing material.

[0007] Furthermore, the metal substrate comprises copper powder, iron powder, and aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 5:5:1.

[0008] Furthermore, the lubricating material includes one or more of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride, and polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0009] Furthermore, the reinforcing materials include one or more of alumina, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, carbon fiber, and glass fiber.

[0010] Furthermore, a method for preparing a copper-iron-based braking composite material, applicable to any of the copper-iron-based braking composite materials mentioned above, includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1, Raw material pretreatment: Weigh the metal substrate, lubricating material and reinforcing material according to the proportion and perform pretreatment operations such as cleaning and impurity removal respectively;

[0012] Step 2, Raw material grinding and drying: The pre-treated raw materials after cleaning and impurity removal are placed in a drying and extrusion device for grinding, mixing and drying.

[0013] Step 3, pressing and molding: After the raw materials are ground, mixed and dried, they are pressed and molded into blanks using a drying extrusion device;

[0014] Step 4, high-temperature sintering: The pressed and shaped blank is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a high temperature of 800-1000℃.

[0015] Step 5, Machining: Machining the sintered material according to the required size and shape of the finished product.

[0016] Furthermore, the drying and extrusion device includes a drying barrel with an opening, the drying barrel being semi-circular and installed at an angle, and several through holes being opened at the bottom of the drying barrel; an outer shell is provided on the outside of the drying barrel, with a feed inlet at the top of the outer shell, and several support rods fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell; a drive assembly for driving the drying barrel to rotate is provided at the bottom of the drying barrel.

[0017] The drive assembly includes a drive motor electrically connected to a controller for controlling the start and stop of the drive motor; the drive motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the housing, and the output shaft of the drive motor extends through the bottom of the housing into the housing and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drying barrel; several heating plates are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the drying barrel along its circumference, and the controller is used to control the start and stop of the heating plates; a mesh screen for preventing material from falling is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the drying barrel, and the mesh screen is located above the heating plates; a grinding assembly for grinding materials is provided on the top of the drying barrel.

[0018] Furthermore, the grinding assembly includes a grinding rod, with a sleeve rod fitted on the outer side wall of the middle part of the grinding rod; a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the outer shell, and the outer side of the sleeve rod is hinged to the connecting plate; both ends of the grinding rod are rotatably fitted with grinding wheels.

[0019] The top of the drying drum is connected to a grinding section, which is arranged in a ring. The grinding section has a side opening for the grinding rod to move. A sealing layer for blocking the material is fixedly connected to the side opening. The sealing layer is located at the bottom of the grinding rod. The grinding wheels are all located inside the grinding section and are rotatably engaged with the grinding section. The top of the grinding section has a grinding port, and the bottom of the grinding section is fixedly connected to a screen. The drying drum is equipped with a stirring component for stirring the material.

[0020] Furthermore, the stirring assembly includes a stirring shaft, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sleeve rod; several stirring blades are fixedly connected to the stirring shaft, and the stirring blades are all located inside the drying barrel; an air pump assembly for conveying gas is provided above the grinding rod.

[0021] Furthermore, the air pump assembly includes a delivery section, a piston rod, and a hinge rod. The delivery section is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing. The piston rod is located inside the delivery section, and rubber pistons are fixedly connected to both ends of the piston rod. The rubber pistons are in sliding fit with the inner wall of the delivery section.

[0022] Both ends of the conveying section are connected to the bottom of the conveying pipe. The end of the conveying pipe away from the conveying section extends to the bottom of the drying barrel. Several ventilation holes are opened on the outer side wall of the bottom of the conveying pipe. The piston rod is hinged to the top of the hinge rod. The outer side wall of the conveying section along the length direction has a conveying port for the hinge rod to move. The end of the hinge rod away from the piston rod is fixedly connected to the hinge joint of the adjacent sleeve rod and the connecting plate.

[0023] Furthermore, the extrusion assembly includes an extrusion rod, and an extrusion groove is opened at the bottom of the housing for the extrusion rod to slide. A material leakage port communicating with the bottom of the drying barrel is opened at the top of the extrusion groove. A one-way valve is provided at the material leakage port. A temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the drying barrel. The controller is used to control the operation of the heating plate and the one-way valve respectively based on the information from the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor inside the drying barrel.

[0024] A symmetrical gear is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor near the bottom of the drying barrel. The symmetrical gear has several convex teeth installed symmetrically. The symmetrical gear meshes with an incomplete gear. Both the symmetrical gear and the incomplete gear mesh with a rack. The rack is fixedly connected to the outside of the extrusion rod. An extrusion plate is fixedly connected to the side of the extrusion groove away from the symmetrical gear. The extrusion plate is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the outer shell.

[0025] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. By employing a reasonable metal substrate ratio and adding reinforcing materials, the composite material exhibits high strength and hardness, meeting the mechanical property requirements of braking systems. Cleaning and pretreatment processes remove impurities from the raw materials, improving their purity and ensuring the final material's performance. Grinding, mixing, and drying the pretreated raw materials ensure thorough and uniform mixing of all components while removing moisture to prevent porosity or defects in subsequent processes. Pressing and molding using a drying extrusion device effectively increases the material's density, reduces voids, and enhances its compactness. This creates a strong metallurgical bond between the components, further improving the material's strength and wear resistance. The integrated process flow of this method reduces intermediate steps and improves production efficiency.

[0027] 2. This solution utilizes a linkage design between an inclined, semi-circular drying drum and the grinding section. The rotation of the drying drum drives the grinding wheels and grinding rods for dynamic grinding. Compared to static grinding, this dynamic grinding method promotes more thorough contact and shearing between materials, resulting in finer particle size. Fine grinding helps improve the density and mechanical properties of composite materials. The side openings on the side of the grinding section are sealed at the bottom with a sealing layer to ensure that material does not overflow from the side openings and fall into the drying drum during the grinding process. Simultaneously, the screen design allows only materials with a particle size smaller than the screen aperture to pass through, further ensuring the quality of the ground product. The finely ground material falls directly into the drying drum, facilitating subsequent processing. This design makes the entire preparation process smoother, reduces manual intervention, and increases the degree of automation in production.

[0028] 3. This solution utilizes the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the drying drum to ensure full contact between the material and the heating plate, effectively evaporating moisture and achieving rapid drying. This drying method is more efficient than traditional natural drying. The through-holes at the bottom of the drying drum and the mesh screen fixed to the inner wall ensure that fine particles after grinding are not thrown out of the drying drum; only the evaporated moisture is ejected. This reduces material waste and ensures the integrity of the material during the drying process, which is beneficial for subsequent processing steps.

[0029] The up-and-down movement of the stirring blades, combined with the revolution of the drying drum, achieves omnidirectional mixing of the materials. This mixing action ensures more uniform drying, reduces uneven drying in certain areas, and improves the drying effect. Through the dual action of drying and mixing, moisture in the materials is thoroughly removed, and the mixing between components is more uniform. This helps improve the density, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of the composite material, providing a strong guarantee for the preparation of high-quality copper-iron-based brake composite materials.

[0030] 4. This solution utilizes the reciprocating motion of the piston rod to drive the rubber piston to slide within the conveying section. Further, the gas is drawn in and supplied through the conveying pipe to both sides of the drying drum, purging the material. The airflow generated during purging causes the material to flow irregularly outwards within the drying drum, ensuring full contact between the material and the heating plate, thus promoting further evaporation. Furthermore, the drawing in and supplying of gas creates pressure changes on both sides of the drying drum, accelerating gas flow. This gas acceleration effect removes residual moisture from the material more thoroughly, especially the fine moisture adhering to the particle surface, thereby improving the drying effect. The dual action of stirring and mixing combined with gas purging ensures that the material is not only affected by mechanical stirring but also by the impact and disturbance of airflow during the drying process. This multi-dimensional mixing method helps to ensure more thorough mixing between the various components of the material, improving the material's uniformity.

[0031] The sealing layer at the bottom of the grinding rod and the mesh design on the inner wall of the drying barrel effectively prevent the material from being carried out of the drying barrel by the airflow during the purging process. This not only ensures the integrity of the material but also reduces the loss of fine particles, ensuring the material utilization rate in the composite material preparation process.

[0032] 5. This solution utilizes the unidirectional motion of the drive motor, through the ingenious combination of symmetrical gears, incomplete gears, and racks, to achieve the reciprocating motion of the extrusion rod. This design allows the entire extrusion molding process to proceed continuously, eliminating the need for frequent equipment changes or adjustments, thus improving the continuity and stability of the production line. A humidity sensor detects the material's dryness and automatically opens a one-way valve to deliver the material to the extrusion tank, achieving fully automated operation from grinding to extrusion molding. This highly automated production method not only improves production efficiency but also reduces manual intervention and the possibility of human error.

[0033] Through the combined action of the above mechanisms, materials are dried and mixed more effectively, thereby improving the density, mechanical properties, and tribological properties of the composite material. Integrating grinding, mixing, drying, gas purging, and extrusion molding mechanisms into a single device enables continuous and automated material drying and purging. This not only simplifies the process but also reduces equipment space requirements and labor costs, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the preparation method of the copper-iron-based braking composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the drying and extrusion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the grinding assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a side sectional view of the drying and extrusion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a top view of the extrusion assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 Enlarged view of section A in the middle.

[0041] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Drying barrel; 2. Outer shell; 3. Support rod; 4. Drive motor; 5. Mesh; 6. Grinding rod; 7. Sleeve rod; 8. Connecting plate; 9. Grinding wheel; 10. Grinding part; 11. Screen; 12. Stirring shaft; 13. Stirring blade; 14. Conveying part; 15. Piston rod; 16. Hinge rod; 17. Rubber piston; 18. Conveying pipe; 19. Extrusion rod; 20. Symmetrical gear; 21. Incomplete gear; 22. Rack; 23. Extrusion plate; 24. Sealing layer; 25. Heating plate. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] As attached Figure 1 As shown: A copper-iron-based braking composite material, comprising the following components by weight: 60 parts of a metal substrate, 30 parts of a lubricating material and 10 parts of a reinforcing material.

[0045] The metal substrate comprises copper powder, iron powder, and aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 5:5:1; this ratio is designed to combine the electrical conductivity of copper, the strength of iron, and the lightweight properties of aluminum to form a metal matrix with good overall performance.

[0046] The lubricating material includes one or more of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride, and polytetrafluoroethylene; the reinforcing material includes one or more of alumina, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, carbon fiber, and glass fiber. In this embodiment, hexagonal boron nitride is selected as the lubricating material; it has excellent lubrication properties, can reduce wear during friction, and improve the wear resistance of the material. Tungsten carbide is selected as the reinforcing material; its high hardness, high wear resistance, and good thermal stability can effectively enhance the mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance of the composite material.

[0047] A method for preparing a copper-iron-based braking composite material includes the following steps:

[0048] Step 1, raw material pretreatment: Weigh copper powder, iron powder, aluminum powder, hexagonal boron nitride and tungsten carbide in a weight ratio of 5:5:1:3:1 and perform pretreatment operations such as cleaning and impurity removal.

[0049] Step 2, Raw material grinding and drying: The cleaned and pre-treated raw materials are placed in a drying and extrusion device for grinding, mixing and drying to ensure the purity of the raw materials and the quality of subsequent processing.

[0050] Step 3, pressing and molding: After grinding, mixing and drying the raw materials, the components are fully mixed and the moisture and impurities in the raw materials are removed. The raw materials are then pressed and molded by a drying extrusion device to form a blank with a certain shape and density, in preparation for subsequent sintering.

[0051] Step 4, high-temperature sintering: The pressed blank is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at 1000℃ to allow metallurgical bonding between the components and form a dense composite material.

[0052] Step 5, Machining: Based on the required dimensions and shape of the finished product, the sintered material is machined to achieve the necessary dimensional accuracy and surface quality. The entire preparation process is simple and easy to operate, and the raw materials are widely available and inexpensive, which helps reduce production costs and improve production efficiency.

[0053] Example 2:

[0054] As attached Figures 2-6 As shown, the difference from the above embodiment is that the drying extrusion device includes a drying barrel 1 with an opening, the drying barrel 1 is semi-circular and installed at an inclination, and the bottom of the drying barrel 1 has several through holes; the outer side of the drying barrel 1 is provided with a shell 2, the top of the shell 2 has a feed port, and the bottom of the shell 2 is bolted to several support rods 3; the bottom of the drying barrel 1 is provided with a drive assembly for driving the drying barrel 1 to rotate.

[0055] The drive assembly includes a drive motor 4, which is electrically connected to a controller for controlling the start and stop of the drive motor 4. The drive motor 4 is bolted to the bottom of the outer casing 2, and the output shaft of the drive motor 4 extends through the bottom of the outer casing 2 into the interior of the outer casing 2 and is bolted to the bottom of the drying barrel 1. Several heating plates 25 are bolted to the inner wall of the drying barrel 1 along its circumference, and the controller is used to control the start and stop of the heating plates 25. A mesh 5 for preventing material from falling is fixedly adhered to the inner wall of the drying barrel 1, and the mesh 5 is located above the heating plates 25. A grinding assembly for grinding materials is provided on the top of the drying barrel 1.

[0056] The grinding assembly includes a grinding rod 6, with a sleeve rod 7 fitted on the outer wall of the middle part of the grinding rod 6; a connecting plate 8 is bolted to the inner wall of the outer shell 2, and the outer side of the sleeve rod 7 is hinged to the connecting plate 8; both ends of the grinding rod 6 are rotatably fitted with grinding wheels 9.

[0057] The top of the drying drum 1 is connected to a grinding section 10, which is arranged in a ring. The grinding section 10 has a side opening for the grinding rod 6 to move. A sealing layer 24 for blocking materials is fixedly bonded to the side opening. In this embodiment, the mesh size of both the sealing layer 24 and the mesh 5 is 350. The sealing layer 24 is located at the bottom of the grinding rod 6. The grinding wheels 9 are all located inside the grinding section 10 and are rotatably engaged with the grinding section 10. The top of the grinding section 10 has a grinding opening, and the bottom of the grinding section 10 has a screen 11 fixedly bonded. In this embodiment, the mesh size of the screen 11 is 60. The drying drum 1 is equipped with a stirring assembly for stirring materials.

[0058] The stirring assembly includes a stirring shaft 12, which is bolted to the bottom of the sleeve rod 7; several stirring blades 13 are bolted to the stirring shaft 12, and the stirring blades 13 are all located inside the drying barrel 1; an air pump assembly for conveying gas is provided above the grinding rod 6.

[0059] The air pump assembly includes a delivery section 14, a piston rod 15, and a hinge rod 16. The delivery section 14 is bolted to the inner wall of the housing 2. The piston rod 15 is located inside the delivery section 14, and rubber pistons 17 are fixedly bonded to both ends of the piston rod 15. The rubber pistons 17 slide in contact with the inner wall of the delivery section 14.

[0060] The bottom of both ends of the conveying section 14 is connected to a conveying pipe 18. The end of the conveying pipe 18 away from the conveying section 14 extends to the bottom of the drying barrel 1. Several ventilation holes are opened on the outer side wall of the bottom of the conveying pipe 18. The piston rod 15 is hinged to the top of the hinge rod 16. The outer side wall of the conveying section 14 in the length direction has a conveying port for the hinge rod 16 to move. The end of the hinge rod 16 away from the piston rod 15 is bolted to the hinge joint of the adjacent sleeve rod 7 and the connecting plate 8.

[0061] The extrusion assembly includes an extrusion rod 19. The bottom of the housing 2 has an extrusion groove for the extrusion rod 19 to slide. The top of the extrusion groove has a discharge port that communicates with the bottom of the drying barrel 1. A one-way valve is embedded in the discharge port. A temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are bolted to the inner wall of the drying barrel 1. The controller is used to control the operation of the heating plate 25 and the one-way valve respectively based on the information from the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor inside the drying barrel 1.

[0062] A symmetrical gear 20 is coaxially bolted to the output shaft of the drive motor 4 near the bottom of the drying barrel 1. The symmetrical gear 20 is integrally formed with several protruding teeth. The symmetrical gear 20 meshes with an incomplete gear 21. Both the symmetrical gear 20 and the incomplete gear 21 mesh with a rack 22. The rack 22 is bolted to the outer wall of the extrusion rod 19. An extrusion plate 23 is bolted to the side of the extrusion groove away from the symmetrical gear 20. The extrusion plate 23 is bolted to the inner bottom wall of the outer shell 2.

[0063] The specific implementation process is as follows: First, the raw materials are pre-treated, and then the raw materials are put into the grinding section 10 in sequence. Because a semi-circular drying barrel 1 is installed at an incline, and the output shaft of the drive motor 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drying barrel 1 with bolts, the drying barrel 1 can be rotated by the drive motor 4.

[0064] Since the grinding section 10 is connected to the top of the drying drum 1, and a grinding wheel 9 is rotatably fitted inside the grinding section 10, the grinding section 10 can be driven to rotate when the drying drum 1 rotates. Since a grinding rod 6 is rotatably fitted to the grinding wheel 9, and a connecting plate 8 is hinged to a sleeve 7 fitted on the outside of the grinding rod 6, and the connecting plate 8 is bolted to the inner wall of the outer shell 2, when the tilted semi-circular drying drum 1 rotates, the grinding wheel 9 rotatably fitted at its top also rotates accordingly inside the grinding section 10, grinding the material by the rotation of the grinding wheel 9. When the highest point on one side of the drying drum 1 rotates to the other side, the height of the hinged grinding rod 6 adjusts along with the drying drum 1.

[0065] by Figure 4 For example, when the drive motor 4 rotates the highest point of the drying barrel 1 to the right, the highest point of the grinding rod 6 also rotates to the right; conversely, when the highest point of the drying barrel 1 rotates to the left, the highest point of the grinding rod 6 also rotates to the left. Since the grinding section 10 has a side opening for the grinding rod 6 to run through, a sealing layer 24 is fixedly bonded to the side opening, and a screen 11 is fixedly bonded to the bottom of the grinding section 10, with the screen 11 being wider than the top wall of the drying barrel 1, and the sealing layer 24 covering the top of the drying barrel 1, and the mesh size of the screen 11 being much smaller than that of the sealing layer 24, the material will not overflow from the side opening and flow into the drying barrel 1 during grinding. It will only fall into the drying barrel 1 through the bottom screen 11, and it needs to be ground to a size smaller than the mesh size of the screen 11 before falling in. This method achieves fine grinding of the material.

[0066] Subsequently, the ground material falls into the drying drum 1. The heating plate 25 is turned on, and the rotation of the drying drum 1 ensures that the material and the heating plate 25 are heated evenly, causing the moisture in the material to evaporate. Because the bottom of the drying drum 1 has several through holes, and a mesh 5 is fixedly adhered to the inner wall of the drying drum 1 with a relatively large mesh size, fine particles from the grinding process are not thrown out of the drying drum 1 during the drying process. The moisture evaporates into gas and flows out through the mesh 5 and the sealing layer 24. This method of drying the material fully utilizes the mechanical properties of the device.

[0067] Meanwhile, during the material drying process, because the bottom of the sleeve rod 7 is bolted to the stirring shaft 12, and several stirring blades 13 are bolted to the stirring shaft 12, when the height of the grinding rod 6 changes at the top of the drying barrel 1, it will drive the sleeve rod 7 to change its height. At this time, the stirring shaft 12 will drive the stirring blades 13 to change their height accordingly. Figure 3For example, when the highest point of the grinding rod 6 swings to the right, the highest point of the stirring blade 13 also swings to the right; conversely, when the highest point of the grinding rod 6 swings to the left, the highest point of the stirring blade 13 also swings to the left. During this process, the drying drum 1 revolves around the stirring shaft 12. During this revolution, the stirring blade 13 exerts a certain shearing force on the material. Therefore, the material can be stirred and mixed by the shearing force of the stirring blade 13 and the rotation of the drying drum 1, resulting in more uniform drying.

[0068] Meanwhile, during the material mixing and drying process, because the hinge rod 16 is bolted to the hinge joint between the sleeve rod 7 and the connecting plate 8, and a piston rod 15 is hinged to the end of the hinge rod 16 away from the connecting plate 8, and the piston rod 15 is slidably fitted within the conveying section 14, when the hinge rod 16 rotates, it will drive the piston rod 15 to perform corresponding reciprocating motion. Figure 4 For example, when the sleeve rod 7 drives the top of the hinge rod 16 to rotate to the left, it can drive the piston rod 15 to move to the left in the conveying part 14; conversely, when the sleeve rod 7 drives the top of the hinge rod 16 to rotate to the right, it can drive the piston rod 15 to move to the right. In this way, the piston rod 15 can achieve the lateral reciprocating motion in the conveying part 14.

[0069] Because rubber pistons 17 are fixedly bonded to both ends of the piston rod 15, and the rubber pistons 17 slide in contact with the inner wall of the conveying part 14, the outer wall of the conveying part 14 in the length direction has a conveying port for the hinge rod 16 to move. The length of the conveying port is much smaller than the length of the conveying part 14, so that the rubber pistons 17 have a sufficient range of motion. The bottom of both ends of the conveying part 14 is connected to a conveying pipe 18. The end of the conveying pipe 18 away from the conveying part 14 extends to the bottom of the drying barrel 1. The outer wall of the bottom of the conveying pipe 18 has several ventilation holes. Therefore, when the rubber pistons 17 slide in contact with the inner wall of the conveying part 14, the bottom of the drying barrel 1 can be evacuated and vented through the conveying pipe 18.

[0070] by Figure 4For example, when the hinge rod 16 drives the rubber piston 17 to move to the left, it can draw the gas at the bottom of the right-side transmission pipe 18 into the conveying section 14. At this time, the gas inside the left-side conveying section 14 is compressed, and the gas in the left-side transmission pipe 18 is transmitted to the bottom of the drying barrel 1. Conversely, it can achieve suction on the left side of the drying barrel 1 and blowing on the right side of the drying barrel 1. By reciprocating suction and blowing at the bottom of the drying barrel 1, the material is further purged. The airflow generated during purging can cause the material to flow irregularly in all directions inside the drying barrel 1, so that the material can fully contact the heating plate 25. In this way, the moisture in the material can be further evaporated. Furthermore, suction and blowing can change the pressure of the gas on both sides of the drying barrel 1, thereby accelerating the gas flow and further improving the drying efficiency of the material. Because the bottom of the grinding rod 6 is equipped with a sealing layer 24, and the sealing layer 24 has a large mesh size, the fine particles of the material will not be blown out of the outside of the drying barrel 1 when the airflow is blowing. In addition, the metal material has a certain weight and is usually located at the bottom of the drying barrel 1.

[0071] Subsequently, after the humidity sensor, which is bolted to the inner wall of the drying barrel 1, detects that the material is completely dry, the heating plate 25 is turned off, the one-way valve at the bottom of the drying barrel 1 is rotated to align with the material outlet of the extrusion groove, and then the valve of the one-way valve is opened to convey the material into the extrusion groove, where the material is further extruded by the extrusion rod 19. Since the output shaft of the drive motor 4 is coaxially bolted to a symmetrical gear 20, which meshes with an incomplete gear 21, and both the symmetrical gear 20 and the incomplete gear 21 mesh with a rack 22, which is bolted to the outer wall of the extrusion rod 19, when the drive motor 4 drives the symmetrical gear 20 to rotate, it drives the extrusion rod 19, which is bolted to the rack 22, to perform a corresponding reciprocating motion.

[0072] by Figure 5 For example, when the symmetrical gear 20 rotates counterclockwise, its symmetrically integrated convex teeth drive the incomplete gear 21, which meshes with it, to rotate clockwise. The clockwise rotation of the incomplete gear 21 drives the rack 22, which meshes with it, to move to the right. Subsequently, when the convex teeth of the symmetrical gear 20 rotate to mesh with the rack 22, they drive the extrusion rod 19, which is fixedly connected to the rack 22, to move to the left. This reciprocating motion of the extrusion rod 19 is achieved in this way, and the material is extruded and molded by the impact generated when the extrusion rod 19 moves towards the extrusion plate 23. The output shaft of the drive motor 4 moves in one direction to achieve the reciprocating motion of the extrusion rod 19. This method is flexible and only requires one drive motor 4 to achieve multiple material processing methods, improving the continuity of material processing, facilitating operation, and further reducing costs; it is suitable for large-scale factory production.

[0073] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a copper-iron-based braking composite material, characterized in that, The preparation steps include the following: Step 1, raw material pretreatment: Weigh 10-60 parts of metal substrate, 1-30 parts of lubricating material and 1-10 parts of reinforcing material according to the proportion, and perform pretreatment operations such as cleaning and impurity removal respectively. Step 2, Raw material grinding and drying: The pre-treated raw materials after cleaning and impurity removal are placed in a drying and extrusion device for grinding, mixing and drying. Step 3, pressing and molding: After the raw materials are ground, mixed and dried, they are pressed and molded into blanks using a drying extrusion device; The drying and extrusion device includes a drying barrel (1) with an opening, which is semi-circular and installed at an incline. The bottom of the drying barrel (1) has several through holes. The drying barrel (1) is provided with an outer shell (2), which has a feed inlet at the top and several support rods (3) fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell (2). The bottom of the drying barrel (1) is provided with a drive assembly for driving the drying barrel (1) to rotate. The drive assembly includes a drive motor (4), which is electrically connected to a controller for controlling the start and stop of the drive motor (4); the drive motor (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell (2), and the output shaft of the drive motor (4) extends through the bottom of the outer shell (2) into the interior of the outer shell (2) and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drying barrel (1); several heating plates (25) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drying barrel (1) along its circumference, and the controller is used to control the start and stop of the heating plates (25); a mesh (5) for preventing material from falling is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drying barrel (1), and the mesh (5) is located above the heating plates (25); a grinding assembly for grinding materials is provided on the top of the drying barrel (1); The grinding assembly includes a grinding rod (6), and a sleeve rod (7) is sleeved on the outer side wall of the middle part of the grinding rod (6); a connecting plate (8) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the outer shell (2), and the outer side of the sleeve rod (7) is hinged to the connecting plate (8); both ends of the grinding rod (6) are rotatably fitted with grinding wheels (9); The top of the drying drum (1) is connected to a grinding section (10), which is arranged in a ring. The grinding section (10) has a side opening for the grinding rod (6) to move. A sealing layer (24) for blocking the material is fixedly connected to the side opening. The sealing layer (24) is located at the bottom of the grinding rod (6). The grinding wheels (9) are all located inside the grinding section (10) and are all rotating with the grinding section (10). The top of the grinding section (10) has a grinding port, and the bottom of the grinding section (10) is fixedly connected to a screen (11). The drying drum (1) is equipped with a stirring component for stirring the material. The stirring assembly includes a stirring shaft (12), which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sleeve rod (7); several stirring blades (13) are fixedly connected to the stirring shaft (12), and the stirring blades (13) are all located inside the drying barrel (1); an air pump assembly for conveying gas is provided above the grinding rod (6); The air pump assembly includes a delivery section (14), a piston rod (15), and a hinge rod (16). The delivery section (14) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing (2). The piston rod (15) is located inside the delivery section (14). Both ends of the piston rod (15) are fixedly connected to rubber pistons (17), and the rubber pistons (17) slide in cooperation with the inner wall of the delivery section (14). The bottom of both ends of the conveying section (14) is connected to a conveying pipe (18). The end of the conveying pipe (18) away from the conveying section (14) extends to the bottom of the drying barrel (1). Several ventilation holes are opened on the outer side wall of the bottom of the conveying pipe (18). The piston rod (15) is hinged to the top of the hinge rod (16). The outer side wall of the conveying section (14) in the length direction is opened to provide a conveying port for the hinge rod (16) to move. The end of the hinge rod (16) away from the piston rod (15) is fixedly connected to the hinge of the adjacent sleeve rod (7) and the connecting plate (8). The extrusion assembly includes an extrusion rod (19), and the bottom of the outer shell (2) is provided with an extrusion groove for the extrusion rod (19) to slide. The top of the extrusion groove is provided with a material outlet that communicates with the bottom of the drying barrel (1). A one-way valve is provided at the material outlet. A temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drying barrel (1). The controller is used to control the operation of the heating plate (25) and the one-way valve respectively based on the information from the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor inside the drying barrel (1). The output shaft of the drive motor (4) is coaxially fixedly connected to a symmetrical gear (20) near the bottom of the drying barrel (1). The symmetrical gear (20) has several convex teeth installed symmetrically. The symmetrical gear (20) meshes with an incomplete gear (21). Both the symmetrical gear (20) and the incomplete gear (21) mesh with a rack (22). The rack (22) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the extrusion rod (19). An extrusion plate (23) is fixedly connected to the side of the extrusion groove away from the symmetrical gear (20). The extrusion plate (23) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the outer shell (2). Step 4, high-temperature sintering: The pressed and shaped blank is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a high temperature of 800-1000℃. Step 5, Machining: Machining the sintered material according to the required size and shape of the finished product.

2. The method for preparing the copper-iron-based braking composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal substrate comprises copper powder, iron powder, and aluminum powder in a mass ratio of 5:5:

1.

3. The method for preparing the copper-iron-based braking composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricating materials include one or more of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride, and polytetrafluoroethylene.

4. The method for preparing the copper-iron-based braking composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing materials include one or more of alumina, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, carbon fiber, and glass fiber.

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