A high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method, system and equipment

Abstract

The present application provides a method, system and equipment for phased ventilation of a long tunnel at high altitude, which belongs to the field of tunnel ventilation technology. The method includes: setting up a first ventilation system to complete the ventilation task of the transverse tunnel construction stage; entering the main tunnel construction stage after the transverse tunnel construction is completed, and constructing a second ventilation system on the basis of the first ventilation system; the second ventilation system is a ventilation scheme consisting of four fans on the basis of the two fans of the first ventilation system; evenly dividing the ventilation mileage according to the position of the data acquisition sensor; laying out a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluating the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensor; comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result; setting up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to automatically adjust the operating status of the fan, thereby improving the ventilation effect of the long tunnel at high altitude.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, and in particular to a method, system and equipment for staged ventilation of long tunnels at high altitudes. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel construction ventilation is a crucial measure for protecting the health and safety of workers and a key factor influencing construction progress and quality. Due to the influence of altitude, low-pressure oxygen levels in plateau areas are only approximately 60% of those at sea level. This creates conditions such as high cold, low pressure, and inefficient equipment. Furthermore, long tunnels, driven by single-head excavation, have long distances, resulting in lower oxygen levels inside the tunnel than outside. This leads to uneven airflow and insufficient local pressure differentials between different areas, resulting in significant performance losses for workers and equipment. To protect the physical and mental health of construction workers, ensure safe production, and improve work efficiency, efficient and effective ventilation is essential for long tunnels. Consequently, high demands are placed on ventilation during construction in long tunnels at high altitudes.

[0003] In the construction of long tunnels, segmented excavation is a common technique. This involves dividing the excavation task into multiple, relatively short sections, allowing construction to proceed in phases. Existing staged ventilation typically involves configuring an independent ventilation system for each excavation section. However, optimizing the ventilation system and methods for each section, based on the construction schedule and varying construction schedules, to address the difficulty in ensuring adequate ventilation within long tunnels at high altitudes while also improving ventilation efficiency remains a major challenge in the industry.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-altitude long tunnel lane-type staged ventilation method, system and equipment to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a staged ventilation method for a long tunnel at high altitude. The long tunnel at high altitude has multiple cross-hole construction locations. The construction process at each cross-hole construction location is divided into: a cross-hole construction stage and a main hole construction stage. The ventilation method includes:

[0008] S1: Setting up a first ventilation system for completing ventilation tasks during the transverse tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are set at the entrances of the two transverse tunnels on the right line of the main tunnel and supply air to the transverse tunnel construction surface through air ducts;

[0009] S2: After the cross tunnel construction is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed based on the first ventilation system. This second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two cross tunnel entrances, forming a four-fan ventilation scheme. A push-in ventilation mode is used to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0010] S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the locations of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensors;

[0011] S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0012] S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, in S3, the data collected by the sensor includes: harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data, and real-time cave area temperature data;

[0014] Accordingly, the evaluation of the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area based on the data collected by the sensor includes:

[0015] Calculate gas accumulation based on harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data, and real-time cave area temperature data;

[0016] Calculate the ventilation efficiency loss value based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area;

[0017] The gas accumulation degree and the ventilation efficiency loss value are weightedly summed to obtain the ventilation threat value.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the gas accumulation degree is calculated based on the harmful gas concentration data, the real-time cave area humidity data, and the real-time cave area temperature data, specifically as follows:

[0019] The harmful gas concentration data of each ventilation tunnel area are corrected using the real-time tunnel area humidity data, real-time tunnel area temperature data and their corresponding influencing factors. The corrected results are normalized and summed to obtain the gas accumulation degree.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the ventilation efficiency loss value is calculated based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power, and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area, specifically:

[0021] Extract the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area to obtain the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel wind speed set;

[0022] Take any ventilation tunnel area as the current tunnel area, and find the values ​​closest to the ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel area wind speed in the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel area wind speed set respectively, and record them as the closest resistance, closest power and closest wind speed;

[0023] Calculate the difference between the square of the ventilation path resistance of the current tunnel area and the square of the closest resistance to obtain a first difference; calculate the difference between the square of the ventilation power and the square of the closest power to obtain a second difference; calculate the difference between the square of the wind flow velocity in the tunnel area and the square of the closest wind speed to obtain a third difference;

[0024] The first difference, the second difference, and the third difference are divided by the average ventilation path resistance, the average ventilation power, and the average wind speed in the tunnel area, respectively, and then the results of the division are summed to obtain the ventilation efficiency loss value of each ventilation tunnel area.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, in S4, if the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold shows that the ventilation threat value is greater than the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation hole area is determined to be a high-risk hole area, and the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system is adjusted as follows:

[0026] Increase the wind speed of the original fan;

[0027] A return air passage is set up in the ventilation tunnel area, and an exhaust fan is added to the return air passage;

[0028] Change the push-in ventilation mode to a combined push-in and pull-out ventilation mode;

[0029] If the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is less than or equal to the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a low-risk tunnel area, the original number and position of fans remain unchanged, and the push-in ventilation mode continues to be used.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, two air doors are provided between the return air lane and the horizontal tunnel outlet.

[0031] In combination with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the horizontal holes at each horizontal hole construction location include a first horizontal hole and a second horizontal hole. During the horizontal hole construction phase, the air valves installed on the air duct are controlled to supply air to the construction surfaces of the first horizontal hole and the second horizontal hole.

[0032] In a second aspect, a high-altitude long tunnel roadway-type phased ventilation system is provided. In the system, the high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-hole construction locations. The construction process at each cross-hole construction location is divided into: a cross-hole construction phase and a main hole construction phase. The ventilation system includes:

[0033] A first ventilation unit is configured to set up a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the transverse tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two transverse tunnels on the left and right lines of the main tunnel and supply air to the transverse tunnel construction surface through the first air duct assembly;

[0034] The second ventilation unit is configured to enter the main tunnel construction phase after the cross tunnel construction is completed. A second ventilation system is constructed based on the first ventilation system. The second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system, with one fan added at each of the two cross tunnel entrances, forming a four-fan ventilation scheme. The system adopts a push-in ventilation mode to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0035] The threat value calculation unit is configured to evenly divide the ventilation distance according to the positions of the data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensors;

[0036] a ventilation scheme adjustment unit configured to compare the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole zone with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjust the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0037] The fan adjustment unit is configured to set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0038] In a third aspect, this embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method provided in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0039] In a fourth aspect, this embodiment provides an electronic device comprising: a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method provided in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0040] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0041] In the technical solution of this embodiment, a single working section is further subdivided into a transverse tunnel construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage, and separate ventilation schemes are configured for the two subdivided construction stages to flexibly respond to the ventilation needs of different construction stages. Specifically, in the transverse tunnel construction stage: a first ventilation system is used, including two fans, which are specifically used to provide sufficient ventilation for the transverse tunnel construction surface. This ventilation scheme is simple and efficient, and can adapt to the smaller space and local ventilation needs during transverse tunnel construction. After entering the main tunnel construction stage, more powerful ventilation capacity is required. By adding two fans to the original ventilation system, a ventilation scheme with four fans is formed to adapt to higher ventilation needs.

[0042] By evenly dividing the ventilation mileage, each ventilation tunnel area corresponds to a certain area length or space, ensuring refined management of tunnel ventilation. On this basis, the ventilation threat value is calculated through real-time data collected by sensors. The ventilation plan is dynamically adjusted based on the comparison results between the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area and the preset ventilation threat threshold. This effectively prevents the ventilation system in long tunnels at high altitudes from over-ventilating or under-ventilating in certain areas due to low pressure and uneven ventilation, thereby ensuring balanced ventilation effects.

[0043] In summary, this solution is based on the construction characteristics of the tunnel and optimizes the construction ventilation system and ventilation methods accordingly in combination with different construction stages. It can effectively solve the problem of difficult to ensure the internal ventilation effect of the tunnel during the construction of long tunnels at high altitudes. In addition, the overall structure of the ventilation system of this solution is simple, and it adopts pressure ventilation. Axial flow fans are set at the entrance to press fresh air into the face, so that the entire ventilation system is in a positive pressure state; the fans and their ancillary electrical equipment are all arranged in the fresh air flow, and the polluted air does not pass through the local fans, which has good safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a high-altitude long tunnel lane-type staged ventilation method provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first ventilation system during the horizontal tunnel construction phase according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the second ventilation system during the main tunnel construction phase according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the return air tunnel during the main tunnel construction phase according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0048] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 6 The hardware structure diagram of the electronic device provided according to the embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Description of reference numerals:

[0051] 11. First transverse tunnel; 12. Second transverse tunnel; 2. Main tunnel; 21. Right line; 22. Left line; 3. Air duct; 41. First fan; 42. Second fan; 43. Third fan; 44. Fourth fan; 45. Jet fan; 46. Exhaust fan; 61. Right tunnel long mileage; 62. Right tunnel short mileage; 71. Left tunnel long mileage; 72. Left tunnel short mileage; 8. Return air channel; 9. Air damper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., in the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish between different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or elements is not limited to the listed steps or elements, but may optionally include steps or elements not listed, or may optionally include other steps or elements inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0053] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0054] The embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Example 1:

[0056] This embodiment provides a high-altitude long tunnel roadway staged ventilation method, the high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-hole construction positions, the construction process at each cross-hole construction position is divided into: cross-hole construction stage, main hole construction stage, such as Figure 1 As shown, the ventilation method includes the following steps:

[0057] S1: Setting up a first ventilation system for completing ventilation tasks during the horizontal tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two first fan assemblies 41, which are arranged at the openings of the two horizontal tunnels on the left and right lines of the main tunnel, and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through the air ducts 3 connected thereto;

[0058] S2: After the transverse tunnel construction is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed based on the first ventilation system. The second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two transverse tunnel entrances. The newly added fans are the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44, forming a four-fan ventilation scheme to handle ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0059] S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the locations of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensors;

[0060] S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with the preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the original ventilation plan according to the comparison results;

[0061] S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, high altitude refers to areas with an altitude of more than 2,500 meters, and long tunnel refers to a tunnel with a length greater than 5 km.

[0063] In these high-altitude areas, the oxygen concentration in the air is reduced, the air pressure is lower, and the climatic conditions are more extreme, which places higher demands on the design of the ventilation system, the health of construction workers, and the service life of equipment.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the long tunnel of this embodiment is a parallel double-track tunnel, including a left line 22 and a right line 21. The two transverse tunnels are located on the side of the right line 21 of the main tunnel. At each transverse tunnel construction position, the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12 are constructed respectively from the side of the main tunnel 2, and finally penetrate the left line 22 and the right line 21 of the main tunnel.

[0065] It is understandable that in other construction scenarios, the two transverse tunnels may also be located on the side of the left line 22 of the main tunnel.

[0066] In this embodiment, the high-altitude long tunnel has multiple transverse tunnel construction locations. The transverse tunnels can serve as additional ventilation openings to shorten the ventilation distance. Through segmented ventilation, fresh air is effectively transported into the tunnel, harmful gases are discharged, and the air quality in the tunnel is improved. At the same time, in the case of multiple transverse tunnels, construction can be carried out simultaneously from multiple directions. Excavation can be carried out from the entrance and exit of the main tunnel, and excavation can be carried out from the transverse tunnel to both sides of the tunnel. This method effectively shortens the construction time and improves construction efficiency.

[0067] The spacing between cross tunnels can be determined based on tunnel length, ventilation requirements, and construction conditions. Taking into account the special conditions in high-altitude areas, the spacing between cross tunnels needs to be shortened to, for example, 300 to 500 meters to cope with the ventilation difficulties caused by low air density.

[0068] In this embodiment, the construction process at each transverse tunnel construction position (equivalent to an operating section) is divided into: a transverse tunnel construction stage and a main tunnel construction stage. The transverse tunnel construction stage mainly involves excavating and supporting the transverse tunnel itself. The excavation of the transverse tunnel is usually carried out from the outside of the tunnel to the inside, and the excavation and support are completed step by step to ensure the stability of the transverse tunnel. The main tunnel construction stage is after the excavation of the transverse tunnel is completed, and the left and right lines of the main tunnel 2 are used for segmented excavation. Through the transverse tunnel, ventilation can be provided to multiple heading faces (working faces) of the main tunnel 2. The main tunnel construction stage further includes: the main tunnel left line construction stage and the main tunnel right line construction stage. The main tunnel left line construction stage and the main tunnel right line construction stage can be carried out separately or simultaneously.

[0069] In other words, in this embodiment, according to the ventilation requirements of different construction stages, the construction stages are divided into the cross tunnel construction stage, the main tunnel left line construction stage, and the main tunnel right line construction stage; the cross tunnel construction stage refers to the stage when the cross tunnel is constructed to the position of the main tunnel left line 22; the main tunnel left line construction stage refers to the main line construction stage on the left side of the main tunnel 2, and the main tunnel right line construction stage refers to the main line construction stage on the right side of the main tunnel 2.

[0070] In view of the different construction stages in the entire construction process and the ventilation needs and characteristics of different construction stages, the ventilation system includes the cross tunnel construction ventilation system and the main tunnel ventilation system stages.

[0071] During the horizontal tunnel construction process, the first ventilation system (horizontal tunnel construction ventilation system) is set up to complete the ventilation task of the horizontal tunnel construction stage. The ventilation task of this stage is mainly to ventilate the tunnel interior during the horizontal tunnel construction process, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first ventilation system includes two fans, a first fan 41 and a second fan 42. The first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are located at a certain distance from the openings of the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12, respectively, to ensure the intake of fresh air. The first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are connected to the construction surfaces of the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12 respectively through the air duct 3, and supply fresh air to the corresponding tunnel faces.

[0072] In another embodiment, the horizontal tunnel construction ventilation system includes:

[0073] During the construction of the transverse tunnel, a first fan 41 and a second fan 42 are installed at the openings of the first transverse tunnel 11 and the second transverse tunnel 12;

[0074] A horizontal tunnel branch tunnel connected to the horizontal tunnel is provided at a position close to the left line 22 of the main tunnel 2;

[0075] The first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are connected to the air duct 3 and supply air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface through the air duct 3 .

[0076] Here, the first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are two axial flow fans (specific models are, for example: ZVN 1-14-200 / 4; ZVN 1-14-150 / 4), and the air duct 3 includes two air ducts 3 extending toward the cross tunnel face along the axis of the cross tunnel. The air duct 3 is a low-leakage air duct with a diameter of 2m. The two air ducts are respectively connected to the two axial flow fans, and a pressure-type ventilation method is used to supply air to the cross tunnel construction surface.

[0077] The ventilation task during the transverse tunnel construction phase includes: installing a first ventilation system at the entrances of the two transverse tunnels on the right line 21 to supply air to the transverse tunnels, synchronizing ventilation with construction until the transverse tunnels are completed. Furthermore, in S1, the fan assembly in the first ventilation system uses two fans for ventilation. When construction reaches the transverse tunnel construction location and requires the construction of two transverse tunnels, air is supplied to the corresponding construction face by controlling the air valves installed on the air duct 3.

[0078] This embodiment utilizes a dual-fan ventilation design during the horizontal tunnel construction phase, ensuring the effective supply of fresh air to the horizontal tunnel construction surface while also ensuring air circulation within the construction area. By installing fans at both tunnel openings, multiple air supply points are created, enabling air to be effectively distributed within a shorter ventilation distance, avoiding pressure losses associated with long-distance air supply. Fresh air is more efficiently delivered to the interior of the horizontal tunnel, improving ventilation efficiency. Furthermore, the two fans can independently adjust air volume based on the specific construction requirements of the left and right lines 21 to accommodate the needs of different time periods and construction surfaces. This ensures flexible control of air quality and prevents the occurrence of thin air or the accumulation of harmful gases in a specific area.

[0079] During the cross-tunnel construction phase, a pressure-type ventilation mode is adopted. Fresh air is pressed into the tunnel from outside the tunnel through a fan to dilute the dust and harmful gases in the tunnel, and the polluted air is naturally discharged by relying on the pressure difference of the airflow.

[0080] After the cross tunnel construction is completed, the main tunnel construction stage begins. The second ventilation system is constructed on the basis of the first ventilation system, also known as the original ventilation system, also known as the main tunnel construction ventilation system.

[0081] The original ventilation plan is to add a fan at the entrance of each of the two horizontal tunnels on the basis of the two fans of the first ventilation system, that is, to add a third fan 43 to the first horizontal tunnel 11 and a fourth fan 44 to the second horizontal tunnel 12, forming a ventilation plan with four fans, which is used to undertake ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0082] Specifically, the main tunnels (large and small) constructed in the transverse tunnel area use forced-in ventilation. The main tunnels (large and small) include the right tunnel (large and small) 61 and the left tunnel (large and small) 71, while the main tunnels (small and small) 62 and the left tunnel (small and small) 72. A first fan 41, installed at the entrance of the first transverse tunnel 11, ventilates the main tunnel (small) mileage, while a third fan 43 supplies air to the main tunnel (large and small). A second fan 42, installed at the entrance of the second transverse tunnel 12, ventilates the main tunnel (small and small) mileage, while a fourth fan 44 supplies air to the main tunnel (large and small).

[0083] The original ventilation plan also includes: constructing the left main tunnel, using a pressure-type ventilation method, and supplying air to the left line 22 of the main tunnel and the right line 21 of the main tunnel through the air duct 3 connected to the fan; if ventilation is difficult, a combined pressure-extraction ventilation method is adopted, and a return air channel 8 is added near the horizontal tunnel outlet, an exhaust fan 46 is installed, and two air doors 9 are set between the return air channel 8 and the horizontal tunnel outlet.

[0084] For example, referring to Figure 3 The structure of the secondary ventilation system during the main tunnel construction phase is explained.

[0085] like Figure 3 As shown, during the main tunnel construction phase, the cross tunnel has penetrated the main tunnel 2, and the original cross tunnel construction ventilation system has been converted into a component of the main tunnel construction ventilation system to ventilate the left and right lines of the main tunnel. The main tunnel construction ventilation system includes:

[0086] On the basis of the existing horizontal tunnel construction ventilation system, the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44 are added at the horizontal tunnel entrance;

[0087] The third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44 are respectively connected to the air duct 3, which extends into the left line 22 and the right line 21 of the main tunnel respectively, and supplies air to the tunnel faces of the left line 22 and the right line 21 of the main tunnel through the air duct 3.

[0088] Here, the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44 use two axial flow fans, and the first fan 41 and the second fan 42 are used at the same time. At this time, only two more axial flow fans (i.e., the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44) are needed, with models ZVN 1-16-250 / 4 and ZVN 1-16-200 / 4, to achieve effective ventilation for the main tunnel construction.

[0089] Furthermore, the two air ducts 3 connecting the third fan 43 and the fourth fan 44 are divided into 3 sections of horizontal tunnel air ducts and 3 sections of main tunnel air ducts. The 3 sections of horizontal tunnel air ducts use air ducts 3 with a diameter of 2.2m, and the 3 sections of main tunnel air ducts use air ducts 3 with a diameter of 2m. Among them, an adjusting damper 9 is provided at the intersection of the horizontal tunnel and the main tunnel 2. Such a setting can effectively balance the ventilation efficiency and the volume of the air duct 3, while flexibly regulating the ventilation system.

[0090] In S3, the ventilation mileage is evenly divided according to the location of the data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas. The purpose is to divide the entire construction area into several sub-sections with clear ranges according to the location of the sensor layout. The air quality, wind speed, wind pressure and other parameters of each section are monitored by the sensors at the corresponding location.

[0091] In this embodiment, the ventilation tunnel area is a section within the construction tunnel, which is mainly divided based on the coverage of sensor monitoring and ventilation mileage. Each tunnel area is monitored by sensors in real time, and the data is used to evaluate and control the ventilation conditions of the area.

[0092] Sensors can collect real-time data on tunnel air quality (such as oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide content, and dust concentration), wind speed, and wind pressure to assess ventilation effectiveness. The sensor's location determines its monitoring range, and by dividing this range, refined ventilation management can be achieved.

[0093] Through uniform division, the ventilation mileage of the entire tunnel is divided into N ventilation tunnel areas according to the location of the sensors. The length of each tunnel area is roughly the same (i.e., uniform division), which facilitates the management and optimization of the ventilation system. At the same time, each sensor is responsible for monitoring the ventilation status of the corresponding section. By dividing the tunnel area, the scope of action of each monitoring device can be clarified.

[0094] Furthermore, sensors can be arranged at key points in the tunnel (such as the tunnel face, cross-hole interface, and the end of the air duct 3), and the ventilation mileage can be divided into several tunnel areas based on the location and monitoring coverage of these sensors.

[0095] The ventilation mileage can be roughly divided into equal parts so that each sensor corresponds to an area. For example, if the total length of the tunnel is 300 meters, 10 sensors can be set up, and the length of the area monitored by each sensor is 30 meters. After the division is completed, a total of N ventilation tunnel areas are obtained, and N depends on the number of sensors. The advantage of doing this is that the air quality, wind speed, wind pressure, etc. of each ventilation tunnel area are monitored in real time by the corresponding sensors to ensure that the data is accurate and reliable, and if a tunnel area is abnormal (such as harmful gases exceed the standard), it can be located in time. For the entire ventilation system, by dividing the tunnel area, the ventilation system can adjust the air volume and wind pressure for each section separately to ensure the high efficiency of local ventilation. In the layout of the fan or air duct 3, it can be reasonably configured according to the division of the tunnel area to avoid blindly increasing the ventilation intensity of the entire tunnel.

[0096] On the basis of dividing the ventilation tunnel areas, a sensor system is deployed in each ventilation tunnel area, and the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area is evaluated based on the data collected by the sensors.

[0097] In this embodiment, the ventilation threat value is a quantitative assessment of the air quality and ventilation conditions in the cave area, indicating the degree of risk that may exist in the area.

[0098] Specifically, the ventilation threat value of this embodiment can be calculated as follows: the ventilation threat value can be calculated based on the deviation between the data collected by the sensor and the safety standard. For example, the ventilation threat value can be characterized by calculating the difference between the oxygen concentration and the safety standard value, or the ventilation threat value can be characterized by calculating the difference between the harmful gas concentration and the safety standard value. On the other hand, in the case where the data collected by the sensor includes multiple collection indicators, the ventilation threat value can also be calculated by evaluating the weight for each indicator and taking a weighted sum. This embodiment does not limit the specific calculation method of the ventilation threat value.

[0099] By calculating the ventilation threat value, it is possible to quickly locate whether there are ventilation hazards in certain areas (such as excessive concentration of harmful gases or insufficient wind speed), providing a basis for adjusting the ventilation plan in step S4.

[0100] In S4, the preset ventilation threat threshold is a pre-set safety limit, representing the upper limit of the ventilation threat value. Exceeding this value indicates a high risk and requires measures to reduce the threat. Specifically, the ventilation threat threshold can be determined based on safety standards and environmental requirements, or based on trend analysis of historical data.

[0101] Furthermore, the system will compare the actual ventilation threat value of each tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold in real time. If the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is greater than the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a high-risk tunnel area. From a time perspective, it can also be described as: the tunnel area is in a period of ventilation difficulty. The ventilation plan of the second ventilation system is adjusted as follows:

[0102] Increase the wind speed of the original fan;

[0103] A return air passage 8 is provided in the ventilation tunnel area, and an exhaust fan 46 is added to the return air passage 8;

[0104] Change the push-in ventilation mode to a combined push-in and pull-out ventilation mode;

[0105] If the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is less than or equal to the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a low-risk tunnel area, the original number and position of fans remain unchanged, and the push-in ventilation mode continues to be used.

[0106] Here, the original fans refer to the first fan 41, the second fan 42, the third fan 43, and the fourth fan 44, which are respectively arranged at the entrances of the first horizontal tunnel 11 and the second horizontal tunnel 12. By increasing the wind speed of these fans, the working efficiency of the fans is improved, and more fresh air can quickly enter the construction area, thereby enhancing the emission capacity of harmful gases, smoke, etc., and avoiding their accumulation in high-risk areas.

[0107] On the basis of increasing the wind speed of the original fan, the adjustment of the ventilation plan also includes: setting a return air channel 8 in the ventilation tunnel area, and adding an exhaust fan 46 in the return air channel 8.

[0108] For example, Figure 4 As shown, assuming that the real-time assessment results show that there is a high-risk area, a return air duct 8 can be added near the horizontal tunnel outlet, an exhaust fan 46 can be added at the entrance of the return air duct 8, and two air doors 9 can be set between the return air duct 8 and the horizontal tunnel outlet.

[0109] Optionally, the exhaust fan 46 can be a medium-pressure fan (also known as a medium-pressure fan). Medium-pressure fans are categorized by their energy generation method: axial-flow and centrifugal. Axial-flow fans are commonly used for tunnel ventilation. The diameter of the air duct 3 connected to the exhaust fan 46 can be determined based on the construction section, ventilation volume, and the length of the air duct 3. Large-diameter air ducts are generally used for long-distance air supply.

[0110] In this embodiment, by adjusting the ventilation scheme described above, the direction of the airflow in the tunnel can be effectively changed, and harmful gases can be directed from high-risk areas to the return air outlet for discharge, preventing them from stagnating in the working area. The exhaust fan 46 is used to "extract" air from the construction area, further enhancing air flow. The function of the return air lane 8 is to take the airflow away from the construction surface. When combined with the exhaust fan 46, it can also avoid unidirectional air flow and prevent pollution control backflow. The pressure-in ventilation mode is changed to a combined pressure-extraction ventilation mode. The combined pressure-extraction mode can control air flow in both directions, more effectively control the direction of airflow, enhance gas emissions, and better adapt to complex environments in areas with poor air exchange and difficult ventilation, achieving better ventilation effects.

[0111] Furthermore, through the combined adjustments of the above three measures, the accumulation of harmful gases can be effectively reduced, especially in high-risk areas, ensuring the safety of the construction environment. The above solution is based on dynamic monitoring (through real-time data monitoring and threat assessment) to adjust the ventilation strategy. By comparing the ventilation threat value with the preset ventilation threat threshold, high-risk areas can be identified in real time and timely adjustments can be made when the ventilation threat in that area is greater. This real-time response mechanism gives the ventilation system greater emergency response capabilities and flexibility.

[0112] Optionally, a jet fan 45 may be arranged in the construction tunnel to enhance the ability to remove polluted air.

[0113] On the other hand, if the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a low-risk tunnel area, the original number and position of fans will remain unchanged and the forced ventilation mode will continue to be used. Alternatively, the forced ventilation mode can be converted to intermittent ventilation, that is, the original fans will be set to intermittent ventilation working mode to further save energy.

[0114] It should be noted that after a certain tunnel area is judged as a high-risk tunnel area, if the ventilation threat value of the second ventilation system is reduced to within the preset ventilation threat threshold by adjusting the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system, at this time, the exhaust fan 46 at the entrance of the return air duct 8 can be controlled not to work to reduce energy consumption.

[0115] Two dampers 9 are set between the return air channel 8 and the horizontal tunnel outlet. The dampers 9 are set to prevent air from flowing back to the working surface, ensuring that the air in the tunnel always flows in one direction. At the same time, the interval between each damper 9 is equivalent to an additional air flow buffer zone. In this way, even if one of the dampers 9 leaks or is damaged, the other damper 9 can still effectively play an isolation role, enhance the airtightness, and maintain the stability of wind pressure and airflow.

[0116] In S5, a concentration detection system and a return air detection system are set up to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan. The purpose is to achieve dynamic and accurate ventilation management and ensure that the operating status of the ventilation system can be automatically adjusted according to real-time environmental data during tunnel construction to ensure ventilation efficiency, air quality and safety.

[0117] The concentration detection system monitors the real-time concentration of harmful gases in return air, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and methane. These gases can be generated during tunnel construction by construction equipment, blasting operations, or chemical reactions in the soil itself. By installing concentration sensors, the system can monitor gas concentrations in real time and reflect the severity of pollution within the tunnel.

[0118] The return air detection system is used to monitor the return air velocity. Return air refers to the air extracted after passing through the work surface and typically contains harmful gases and dust generated during the construction process. By monitoring the return air velocity, it is possible to understand the flow of air and determine whether the ventilation system is functioning properly, and whether there is any ventilation obstruction or air stagnation.

[0119] Based on real-time data from the concentration and return air detection systems, the fan's operating status is automatically adjusted, including turning it on and off, adjusting its wind speed, and even activating a backup fan. This is achieved through an automated connection between the control system and the fan. The automated connection and control methods can be implemented with reference to existing technologies and will not be further described in this embodiment.

[0120] Furthermore, in S5, a concentration detection system and a return air detection system are set up to detect CO, CO2, NO X The concentration setting detector is used for real-time concentration monitoring.

[0121] The calculation method of the ventilation threat value provided in the above-mentioned embodiment generally does not take into account the ventilation restrictions of the special environment of long tunnels at high altitudes. When applied to the construction of long tunnels at high altitudes, there is a problem of insufficient assessment accuracy. Therefore, as a preferred embodiment, in S3, the ventilation threat value is calculated by constructing a dynamic risk assessment model. The dynamic risk assessment model is specifically as follows: the data collected by the sensor includes: harmful gas concentration data, real-time tunnel area humidity data and real-time tunnel area temperature data. Accordingly, the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area is evaluated based on the data collected by the sensor, including:

[0122] Calculate gas accumulation based on harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data, and real-time cave area temperature data;

[0123] Calculate the ventilation efficiency loss value based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area;

[0124] The gas accumulation degree and the ventilation efficiency loss value are weightedly summed to obtain the ventilation threat value.

[0125] Specifically, the calculation formula for the ventilation threat value is:

[0126] S=ε1×s1+ε2×s2……………………(1)

[0127] Wherein, ε1 and ε2 are threat proportional factors respectively, and satisfy ε1+ε2=1; s1 is the gas concentration; and s2 is the ventilation efficiency loss value.

[0128] Furthermore, based on the harmful gas concentration data, the real-time cave area humidity data, and the real-time cave area temperature data, the gas accumulation degree is calculated. The specific calculation method is:

[0129] The harmful gas concentration data of each ventilation tunnel area are corrected using the real-time tunnel area humidity data, real-time tunnel area temperature data and their corresponding influencing factors. The correction results are normalized and summed to obtain the gas accumulation degree.

[0130] Correspondingly, the calculation formula is expressed as follows:

[0131]

[0132] Where α1 and α2 are the impact factors of real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data on the accumulation of harmful gases respectively; They represent the real-time mean humidity and temperature of N ventilation tunnels respectively; c n is the concentration of harmful gases in the nth ventilation hole area; c max ,c min are the maximum and minimum concentrations of harmful gases in N ventilation hole areas respectively.

[0133] The above gas concentration calculation method corrects the gas concentration in each area by multiplying the temperature and humidity by an influencing factor. This method accounts for the impact of different environmental conditions on gas concentration, making the gas concentration more accurate to the actual environment. Furthermore, normalization is performed by the sum of the maximum and minimum gas concentrations to prevent the gas concentration in a single area from having a significant impact on the final result. This also makes the final concentration value more standardized and easier to compare.

[0134] Ventilation efficiency loss refers to a decrease in air volume, velocity, or air flow efficiency during ventilation system operation due to various factors. This loss can affect air quality regulation and gas exchange efficiency, impacting the construction environment, air quality, and worker health and safety.

[0135] In this embodiment, the ventilation efficiency loss value is calculated based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area. The specific calculation method is:

[0136] Extract the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area to obtain the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel wind speed set;

[0137] Take any ventilation tunnel area as the current tunnel area, and find the values ​​closest to the ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel area wind speed in the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel area wind speed set respectively, and record them as the closest resistance, closest power and closest wind speed;

[0138] Calculate the difference between the square of the ventilation path resistance of the current tunnel area and the square of the closest resistance to obtain a first difference; calculate the difference between the square of the ventilation power and the square of the closest power to obtain a second difference; calculate the difference between the square of the wind flow velocity in the tunnel area and the square of the closest wind speed to obtain a third difference;

[0139] The first difference, the second difference, and the third difference are divided by the average ventilation path resistance, the average ventilation power, and the average wind speed in the tunnel area, respectively, and then the results of the division are summed to obtain the ventilation efficiency loss value of each ventilation tunnel area.

[0140] The calculation expression of the above steps is as follows:

[0141]

[0142] Where, f n ,g n ,v n They represent the ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of the nth ventilation tunnel area respectively; f′, g′, v′ are the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and wind speed set of the N ventilation tunnel areas that are closest to f. n ,g n ,v n The amount of data; They are the mean ventilation path resistance, mean ventilation power and mean wind speed of N ventilation tunnel areas respectively.

[0143] The calculation method of ventilation efficiency loss value above is to find the efficiency loss in the ventilation system by comparing the differences between different areas. It does not rely solely on absolute values, but focuses on the relative difference between each area and other areas of the system, that is, f n ,g n ,v n The differences with f′, g′, and v′ respectively reflect the differences in performance of each area in the system. In addition, the difference calculation uses squared differences instead of direct differences, which can make areas with greater resistance occupy a greater weight in the loss value calculation, enhance the sensitivity of the differences, and highlight areas with greater resistance. This helps to identify potential bottlenecks in the ventilation system, thereby providing direction for subsequent optimization design. By comparing the loss value of each area with the corresponding mean value of the area, a relative measurement method is used to reduce the impact of dimensional differences or extreme values ​​that may be caused by calculations based solely on absolute values. This makes the final ventilation efficiency loss calculation more fair and comparable, especially suitable for ventilation systems of different sizes or designs. By comprehensively considering the losses in the three aspects of resistance, power, and wind speed, the operating efficiency of the ventilation system can be comprehensively evaluated from multiple perspectives, helping to reveal key issues in the ventilation system and ensuring that not only the performance of a certain aspect is optimized, but the overall performance is balanced.

[0144] The method for calculating the ventilation efficiency loss value provided in this embodiment has the following advantages as a whole: First, by calculating the losses in each area and comparing the differences between them, the weak links that affect the ventilation effect can be accurately found, the ventilation unevenness can be revealed, and it is suitable for evaluating the unevenness existing in the ventilation system. Secondly, by comparing the differences with the mean, the interference caused by individual extreme values ​​(such as very high or very low resistance, power or wind speed) can be reduced, making the calculation more stable and reliable, especially when there are extreme data or outliers, this method can maintain higher accuracy. In addition, this method not only takes into account wind speed, but also considers the two factors of power and resistance, and comprehensively evaluates all aspects of the ventilation system. By comprehensively considering the losses of multiple factors, problems can be identified more comprehensively, which is helpful for evaluating the efficiency loss of the overall system for large-scale and complex regional ventilation systems, and helps to locate specific problems, providing guidance for system optimization.

[0145] The data collected by the sensor may include harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data, wherein the harmful gas concentration data may further include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NO X )wait.

[0146] As a preferred embodiment, a flexible air duct is used as the air duct 3 to connect the fan to the working surface. The flexible air duct refers to a flexible pipe made of multiple layers of different materials. Its low cost and light weight facilitate high-altitude transportation, reducing the construction workload of the ventilation system in high-altitude areas and minimizing the use of internal tunnel space.

[0147] For example, the flexible air duct may be made of aluminum foil, PVC, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other flexible materials, and may be bent and adjusted in length as needed to facilitate installation and operation.

[0148] In summary, the present embodiment provides a method for phased ventilation of a long tunnel at high altitude, and the specific methods include: setting up a first ventilation system to complete the ventilation task of the construction phase; equipping four fans to bear the ventilation tasks in different directions to construct an original ventilation plan; constructing a dynamic risk assessment model, and deploying a sensor system in the tunnel area to evaluate the ventilation threat value of each tunnel area; and dynamically adjusting the original ventilation plan according to the ventilation threat value; setting up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time, and automatically adjusting the operating status of the fan. The method described in the present disclosure uses a pressure-type ventilator and an axial flow ventilator set at the tunnel entrance to press fresh air into the face, so that the entire ventilation system is in a positive pressure state, which can well solve the problem that the ventilation effect inside tunnels in low-pressure and high-altitude areas is difficult to ensure.

[0149] By constructing a dynamic risk assessment model, the ventilation system can be accurately controlled in real time by region, improving the adaptability of ventilation in long tunnel construction in high-altitude areas.

[0150] Example 2:

[0151] This embodiment provides a roadway-type phased ventilation system for a high-altitude long tunnel. In this system, the high-altitude long tunnel has multiple cross-hole construction locations. The construction process at each cross-hole construction location is divided into a cross-hole construction phase and a main hole construction phase. The ventilation system includes:

[0152] A first ventilation unit is configured to set up a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the transverse tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two transverse tunnels on the left and right lines of the main tunnel and supply air to the transverse tunnel construction surface through air ducts;

[0153] The second ventilation unit is configured to enter the main tunnel construction phase after the cross tunnel construction is completed. A second ventilation system is constructed based on the first ventilation system. The second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system, with one fan added at each of the two cross tunnel entrances, forming a four-fan ventilation scheme. The system adopts a push-in ventilation mode to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0154] The threat value calculation unit is configured to evenly divide the ventilation distance according to the positions of the data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensors;

[0155] a ventilation scheme adjustment unit configured to compare the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole zone with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjust the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0156] The fan adjustment unit is configured to set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0157] The high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation system provided in this embodiment can implement the steps and processes of the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method provided in any of the above embodiments and achieve the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0158] Example 3:

[0159] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, such as Figure 5 As shown, the hardware structure of the electronic device may include: a processor 501 , a communication interface 502 , a computer-readable storage medium (also referred to as a memory 503 ) and a communication bus 504 .

[0160] The processor 501 , the communication interface 502 , and the computer-readable storage medium communicate with each other via the communication bus 504 .

[0161] A computer-readable storage medium may be configured to store one or more programs.

[0162] Optionally, the communication interface 502 may be an interface of a communication module, such as an interface of a GSM module.

[0163] The processor 501 executes one or more programs. The high-altitude long tunnel involved in the program has multiple transverse tunnel construction locations. The construction process at each transverse tunnel construction location is divided into: a transverse tunnel construction phase and a main tunnel construction phase. When the program is executed, the following steps are implemented:

[0164] S1: Setting up a first ventilation system for completing ventilation tasks during the transverse tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are set at the entrances of the two transverse tunnels on the right line of the main tunnel and supply air to the transverse tunnel construction surface through air ducts;

[0165] S2: After the cross tunnel construction is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed based on the first ventilation system. This second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two cross tunnel entrances, forming a four-fan ventilation scheme. A push-in ventilation mode is used to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0166] S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the locations of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensors;

[0167] S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0168] S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0169] Figure 6 The hardware structure of the electronic device provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Figure 6 As shown, the hardware structure of the electronic device may include: a processor 601 , a communication interface 602 , a computer-readable storage medium (also called a memory) 603 and a communication bus 604 .

[0170] The processor 601 , the communication interface 602 , and the computer-readable storage medium 603 communicate with each other via a communication bus 604 .

[0171] The computer-readable storage medium 603 can be configured to store one or more programs. The high-altitude long tunnel involved in the program has multiple cross-hole construction locations, and the construction process at each cross-hole construction location is divided into: cross-hole construction stage and main hole construction stage.

[0172] Optionally, the communication interface 602 may be an interface of a communication module, such as an interface of a GSM module.

[0173] The processor 601 may be specifically configured as follows:

[0174] S1: Setting up a first ventilation system for completing ventilation tasks during the transverse tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are set at the entrances of the two transverse tunnels on the right line of the main tunnel and supply air to the transverse tunnel construction surface through air ducts;

[0175] S2: After the cross tunnel construction is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed based on the first ventilation system. This second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two cross tunnel entrances, forming a four-fan ventilation scheme. A push-in ventilation mode is used to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction.

[0176] S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the locations of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensors;

[0177] S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result;

[0178] S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

[0179] The processor 601 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc., and may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. The methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0180] The electronic devices of the embodiments of the present application exist in various forms, including but not limited to:

[0181] (1) Mobile communication devices: These devices are characterized by their mobile communication capabilities and are primarily designed to provide voice and data communications. These terminals include smartphones (e.g., iPhones), multimedia phones, feature phones, and low-end phones.

[0182] (2) Ultra-mobile personal computer devices: These devices fall under the category of personal computers, have computing and processing capabilities, and generally also have mobile Internet access. These terminals include PDAs, MIDs, and UMPCs, such as the iPad.

[0183] (3) Portable entertainment devices: These devices can display and play multimedia content. These devices include audio and video players (e.g., iPods), handheld game consoles, e-books, smart toys, and portable car navigation devices.

[0184] (4) Server: A device that provides computing services. The server consists of a processor 101, a hard disk, memory, a system bus, etc. The server is similar to a general computer architecture, but because it needs to provide highly reliable services, it has higher requirements in terms of processing power, stability, reliability, security, scalability, and manageability.

[0185] (5) Other electronic devices with data interaction functions.

[0186] It should be pointed out that, according to the needs of implementation, the various components / steps described in the embodiments of the present application can be split into more components / steps, or two or more components / steps or partial operations of components / steps can be combined into new components / steps to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of the present application.

[0187] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-altitude long tunnel lane-type staged ventilation method, characterized in that: High-altitude long tunnels have multiple transverse tunnel construction locations. The construction process at each transverse tunnel construction location is divided into: transverse tunnel construction stage and main tunnel construction stage. The ventilation method includes: S1: Setting up a first ventilation system for completing ventilation tasks during the transverse tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are set at the entrances of the two transverse tunnels on the right line of the main tunnel and supply air to the transverse tunnel construction surface through air ducts; S2: After the cross tunnel construction is completed, the main tunnel construction phase begins. A second ventilation system is constructed based on the first ventilation system. This second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system. One fan is added at each of the two cross tunnel entrances, forming a four-fan ventilation scheme. A push-in ventilation mode is used to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction. S3: Evenly divide the ventilation mileage according to the locations of data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensors; S4: comparing the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjusting the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result; S5: Set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

2. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the data collected by the sensor include: harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data; Accordingly, the evaluation of the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole area based on the data collected by the sensor includes: Calculate gas accumulation based on harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data, and real-time cave area temperature data; Calculate the ventilation efficiency loss value based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area; The gas accumulation degree and the ventilation efficiency loss value are weightedly summed to obtain the ventilation threat value.

3. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Based on the harmful gas concentration data, real-time cave area humidity data and real-time cave area temperature data, the gas accumulation degree is calculated as follows: The harmful gas concentration data of each ventilation tunnel area are corrected using the real-time tunnel area humidity data, real-time tunnel area temperature data and their corresponding influencing factors. The corrected results are normalized and summed to obtain the gas accumulation degree.

4. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area, the ventilation efficiency loss value is calculated as follows: Extract the real-time ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel wind speed of each ventilation tunnel area to obtain the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel wind speed set; Take any ventilation tunnel area as the current tunnel area, and find the values ​​closest to the ventilation path resistance, ventilation power and tunnel area wind speed in the ventilation path resistance set, ventilation power set and tunnel area wind speed set respectively, and record them as the closest resistance, closest power and closest wind speed; Calculate the difference between the square of the ventilation path resistance of the current tunnel area and the square of the closest resistance to obtain a first difference; calculate the difference between the square of the ventilation power and the square of the closest power to obtain a second difference; calculate the difference between the square of the wind flow velocity in the tunnel area and the square of the closest wind speed to obtain a third difference; The first difference, the second difference, and the third difference are divided by the average ventilation path resistance, the average ventilation power, and the average wind speed in the tunnel area, respectively, and then the results of the division are summed to obtain the ventilation efficiency loss value of each ventilation tunnel area.

5. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S4, if the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a certain ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold shows that the ventilation threat value is greater than the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation tunnel area is determined to be a high-risk tunnel area, and the ventilation plan of the second ventilation system is adjusted as follows: Increase the wind speed of the original fan; A return air passage is set up in the ventilation tunnel area, and an exhaust fan is added to the return air passage; Change the push-in ventilation mode to a combined push-in and pull-out ventilation mode; If the comparison result of the ventilation threat value of a ventilation tunnel area with the preset ventilation threat threshold is that the ventilation threat value is less than or equal to the preset ventilation threat threshold, the ventilation tunnel area is judged to be a low-risk tunnel area, the original number and position of fans remain unchanged, and the push-in ventilation mode continues to be used.

6. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two air doors are arranged between the return air lane and the horizontal tunnel outlet.

7. The high-altitude long tunnel laneway staged ventilation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The horizontal holes at each horizontal hole construction position include a first horizontal hole and a second horizontal hole. During the horizontal hole construction phase, the air valves provided on the air ducts are controlled to supply air to the construction surfaces of the first horizontal hole and the second horizontal hole.

8. A high-altitude long tunnel lane-type staged ventilation system, characterized in that: In the system, a high-altitude long tunnel has multiple transverse tunnel construction locations. The construction process at each transverse tunnel construction location is divided into: a transverse tunnel construction phase and a main tunnel construction phase. The ventilation system includes: A first ventilation unit is configured to set up a first ventilation system for completing the ventilation task during the transverse tunnel construction phase; the first ventilation system includes two fans, which are arranged at the openings of the two transverse tunnels on the left and right lines of the main tunnel and supply air to the transverse tunnel construction surface through the first air duct assembly; The second ventilation unit is configured to enter the main tunnel construction phase after the cross tunnel construction is completed. A second ventilation system is constructed based on the first ventilation system. The second ventilation system is based on the two fans of the first ventilation system, with one fan added at each of the two cross tunnel entrances, forming a four-fan ventilation scheme. The system adopts a push-in ventilation mode to complete the ventilation tasks in different directions during the main tunnel construction. The threat value calculation unit is configured to evenly divide the ventilation distance according to the positions of the data acquisition sensors to obtain N ventilation tunnel areas; deploy a sensor system in each ventilation tunnel area, and evaluate the ventilation threat value of each ventilation tunnel area based on the data collected by the sensors; a ventilation scheme adjustment unit configured to compare the ventilation threat value of each ventilation hole zone with a preset ventilation threat threshold, and dynamically adjust the ventilation scheme of the second ventilation system according to the comparison result; The fan adjustment unit is configured to set up a concentration detection system and a return air detection system to monitor the gas concentration and flow rate in the return air in real time and automatically adjust the operating status of the fan.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type staged ventilation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the high-altitude long tunnel lane-type phased ventilation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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