An exhaust gas utilization device for an automobile engine

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of engines, and specifically to an exhaust gas utilization device for an automotive engine, which includes a turbocharger housing, an exhaust pipe connected to the turbocharger housing, a turbine rotating shaft and a compressor rotating shaft provided on the turbocharger housing. The device further includes: when the pressure between the engine and the turbocharger is too high, the bypass valve will not be opened. Instead, the transmission ratio of the turbine rotating shaft is reduced through a variable-speed transmission component, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the compressor rotating shaft, so as to avoid the problem of excessive pressure, ensure the sustainable and efficient operation of the compressor. At the same time, the rotation of the turbine rotating shaft drives the inflation component to work, and then continuously inflates the high-pressure gas tank. When the air pressure in the high-pressure gas tank reaches a certain value, the gas is released from the nozzle through the air release component to wash the three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe, thereby improving its working effect and at the same time improving the utilization efficiency of the exhaust gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engines, and particularly to an exhaust gas utilization device for an automotive engine. Background Art

[0002] An exhaust gas utilization device for an automotive engine is a technical device that can effectively utilize the energy of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine, improve the thermal efficiency of the engine and reduce harmful emissions. For example, an exhaust gas turbocharging technical device mainly uses the exhaust gas discharged from the engine as a power source to drive the turbine to rotate. The rotation of the turbine then drives the compressor coaxial with the turbine to work, increasing the intake air volume. As the intake air volume increases, more air in the combustion chamber makes the fuel burn more fully, thereby improving the power and fuel utilization rate of the engine. Generally, the existing turbochargers are equipped with a bypass valve assembly, and its functions are generally divided into two points. When the automotive engine is running at a low speed, turbocharging is not required at this time, and the bypass valve is opened to directly discharge the exhaust gas. When the automotive engine is running at a high speed, the turbocharger is also running at a high speed. To avoid excessive pressure between the engine and the turbocharger, the bypass valve is also opened at this time to directly discharge the exhaust gas. However, such a design will cause some high-pressure exhaust gas to be directly discharged without being utilized during the high-speed operation of the generator, which is rather wasteful. Therefore, we propose an exhaust gas utilization device for an automotive engine. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One technical problem to be solved by the present application is: how to design an exhaust gas utilization device that improves the exhaust gas utilization rate.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, the embodiment of the present application provides an exhaust gas utilization device for an automotive engine, including a turbocharger housing, an exhaust pipe connected to the turbocharger housing, a turbine rotating shaft and a compressor rotating shaft provided on the turbocharger housing, and further including:

[0005] A variable-speed transmission assembly is provided on the turbocharger housing, and the turbine rotating shaft is connected to the compressor rotating shaft through the variable-speed transmission assembly. Rotating the turbine rotating shaft drives the compressor rotating shaft to rotate by using the variable-speed transmission assembly. When the engine pressure is too high, the transmission ratio of the turbine rotating shaft is reduced by using the variable-speed transmission assembly;

[0006] A high-pressure gas tank is provided on the exhaust pipe, and a spray pipe is conductively connected to the high-pressure gas tank. One end of the spray pipe is located inside the exhaust pipe;

[0007] An air charging assembly is provided on the turbocharger housing and is conductively connected to the high-pressure gas tank through a conduit. When the engine pressure is too high, the variable-speed transmission assembly is docked with the air charging assembly to drive the air charging assembly to work, so that the high-pressure gas tank is continuously charged;

[0008] The air release component is arranged on the exhaust pipe. When the pressure in the high-pressure gas tank reaches a certain value, the air release component is used to discharge the gas in the high-pressure gas tank from the nozzle to wash the three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe.

[0009] In some embodiments, the speed change transmission component includes a housing fixedly connected to the housing of the turbocharger. The air compressor rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the housing. A hollow shaft II is arranged on the turbine rotating shaft. A gear disk I is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft II. A gear disk II meshing with the gear disk I is fixedly connected to the air compressor rotating shaft.

[0010] And a gear disk III is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft II. A gear disk IV is fixedly connected to the air compressor rotating shaft. The gear disk I and the gear disk IV adopt the same design. The gear disk II and the gear disk III adopt the same design. And the gear disk III adopts a design with a diameter smaller than that of the gear disk IV. A slide plate is arranged in the housing of the turbocharger. One end of the hollow shaft II passes through the slide plate and is rotatably connected to it. And a push rod is fixedly connected between the other end of the slide plate and the housing of the turbocharger. Starting the push rod drives the hollow shaft II to move, so as to drive the gear disk III to mesh with the gear disk IV while the gear disk I disengages from the gear disk II.

[0011] And a chute is arranged on the turbine rotating shaft. A sliding convex is fixedly connected in the hollow shaft II. One end of the sliding convex is located in the chute to guide and limit the sliding of the hollow shaft II.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inflation component includes an injection cylinder fixedly connected to the housing of the turbocharger. An intake pipe and an outlet pipe are conductively connected to the injection cylinder. The outlet pipe is conductively connected to the high-pressure gas tank through a conduit. And one-way valves are installed in both the intake pipe and the outlet pipe. A piston I is slidably connected in the injection cylinder. And a transmission member is arranged between the piston I and the gear disk III. After moving the gear disk III to dock with the transmission member, rotating the gear disk III drives the piston I to make a reciprocating motion by means of the transmission member.

[0013] In some embodiments, the transmission member includes a shaft III rotatably connected to the housing. A bidirectional lead screw is fixedly connected to the shaft III. And a guide rod is fixedly connected to the housing. A push plate is slidably connected to the guide rod. One end of the bidirectional lead screw passes through the push plate and is connected to it. And a push rod is fixedly connected between one end of the push plate and the piston I. A gear disk V is fixedly connected to one end of the shaft III. After moving the gear disk III to mesh with the gear disk V, rotating the gear disk III drives the piston I to make a reciprocating motion.

[0014] In some embodiments, the air release component includes a hollow pipe conductively connected to the nozzle. A piston II is slidably connected in the hollow pipe. A push rod is fixedly connected to one end of the piston II. A spring I is sleeved on the push rod. Inflating the high-pressure gas tank to push the push rod to move and compress the spring I at the same time.

[0015] A hollow cylinder is arranged on the nozzle, and a valve assembly is arranged inside the hollow cylinder for blocking the nozzle. A cylindrical body is rotatably connected to one side of the hollow cylinder, and the cylindrical body is connected to the valve assembly. Rotating the cylindrical body drives the valve assembly to work to open the nozzle;

[0016] A guide groove is provided on the cylinder, and a cylindrical protrusion with one end located in the guide groove is provided on the push rod. The movement of the push rod drives the cylindrical protrusion to move along the guide groove to drive the cylinder to rotate.

[0017] In some embodiments, the valve assembly includes a rotating cylinder rotatably connected in a hollow cylinder, a through hole is provided on the rotating cylinder, and a shaft 4 is fixedly connected to the rotating cylinder, and rotating the shaft 4 drives the rotating cylinder to rotate so that the through hole is connected to the nozzle;

[0018] One end of the shaft four passes through the cylinder and is fixedly connected thereto, and the other end of the shaft four is sleeved with a torsion spring, and the two ends of the torsion spring are respectively fixed to the shaft four and the hollow cylinder. Rotating the shaft four drives the rotating cylinder to rotate, so that the through hole is staggered and the nozzle is blocked. At the same time, the torsion spring is twisted under force to provide it with self-restoring elastic force.

[0019] In some embodiments, a mounting plate is fixedly connected to one side of the high-pressure gas tank, one end of the push rod passes through the mounting plate and is fixedly connected to a sliding frame, and both ends of the spring are respectively in contact with piston 2 and the mounting plate, a hollow column is fixedly connected to the sliding frame, and one end of the cylindrical protrusion is located in the hollow column and is fixedly connected to spring 2.

[0020] In some embodiments, the guide groove member includes a straight guide groove 1 opened on a cylinder, one end of the cylindrical protrusion is located in the straight guide groove 1 and is slidably connected to its inner wall, and the high-pressure gas tank is inflated and the piston 2 is pushed to move, so as to drive the cylindrical protrusion to slide along the straight guide groove;

[0021] The cylinder is provided with a spiral guide groove which is connected to the straight guide groove, and the straight guide groove is designed to have a deeper opening than the spiral guide groove. The cylinder is also provided with an arc-shaped transition groove which is connected to the straight guide groove and is used to connect the straight guide groove and the spiral guide groove. The cylindrical convex slides along the arc-shaped transition groove, and the torsion spring drives the cylinder to rotate.

[0022] In some embodiments, one end of the shaft 4 slides through the sliding frame to guide the movement of the limiting sliding frame.

[0023] In some embodiments, a second straight guide groove is provided on the cylinder, and two ends of the second straight guide groove are respectively connected to the arc transition groove and the spiral guide groove.

[0024] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. When the pressure of the engine and the turbocharger is too high, this device does not open the bypass valve, but reduces the transmission ratio of the turbine shaft through the variable-speed transmission component, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the compressor shaft, so as to avoid the problem of excessive pressure and ensure the sustainable and efficient operation of the compressor;

[0026] 2. The rotation of the turbine shaft drives the inflation component to work, and then continuously inflates the high-pressure gas tank. When the air pressure in the high-pressure gas tank reaches a certain value, the gas will be released from the nozzle through the air release component to wash the three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe, thereby improving its working effect and at the same time improving the utilization efficiency of the waste gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure in another orientation;

[0029] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure;

[0030] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure;

[0031] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Area A in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure;

[0033] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure;

[0034] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. Turbocharger housing; 11. Exhaust pipe; 12. Turbo shaft; 13. Compressor shaft; 2. Variable speed transmission assembly; 3. High-pressure gas tank; 4. Nozzle; 5. Inflation assembly; 6. Bleed-off assembly; 21. Housing; 22. Hollow shaft II; 23. Gear disk I; 24. Gear disk II; 25. Gear disk III; 26. Gear disk IV; 27. Slide plate; 28. Electric push rod; 29. Chute; 31. Slide convex; 32. Syringe; 33. Intake pipe; 34. Outlet pipe; 35. Check valve; 36. Piston I; 37. Transmission part; 38. Shaft III; 39. Bi-directional lead screw; 41. Guide rod; 42. Push plate; 43. Push rod; 44. Gear disk V; 45. Hollow pipe; 46. Piston II; 47. Ejector rod; 48. Spring I; 49. Hollow cylinder; 51. Valve assembly; 52. Cylinder; 53. Guide groove part; 54. Cylindrical convex; 55. Rotating cylinder; 56. Through hole; 57. Shaft IV; 58. Torsion spring; 59. Mounting plate; 61. Sliding frame; 62. Hollow column; 63. Spring II; 64. Straight guide groove I; 65. Spiral guide groove; 66. Arc transition groove; 67. Straight guide groove II. Detailed implementation mode

[0036] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1: Please refer to Figures 1-7 , the present invention provides a technical solution: An exhaust gas utilization device for an automobile engine, including a turbocharger housing 1, an exhaust pipe 11 connected to the turbocharger housing 1, a turbo shaft 12 and a compressor shaft 13 provided on the turbocharger housing 1, and further including:

[0038] A variable speed transmission assembly 2 is provided on the turbocharger housing 1, and the turbo shaft 12 is connected to the compressor shaft 13 through the variable speed transmission assembly 2. Rotating the turbo shaft 12 drives the compressor shaft 13 to rotate by using the variable speed transmission assembly 2. When the engine pressure is too high, the variable speed transmission assembly 2 is used to reduce the transmission ratio of the turbo shaft 12.

[0039] A high-pressure gas tank 3 is provided on the exhaust pipe 11, and a nozzle 4 is conductively connected to the high-pressure gas tank 3. One end of the nozzle 4 is located inside the exhaust pipe 11.

[0040] An inflation assembly 5 is provided on the turbocharger housing 1 and is conductively connected to the high-pressure gas tank 3 through a conduit. When the engine pressure is too high, the variable speed transmission assembly 2 is docked with the inflation assembly 5 to drive the inflation assembly 5 to work, so that the high-pressure gas tank 3 is continuously inflated.

[0041] The air release assembly 6 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 11. When the pressure in the high-pressure gas tank 3 reaches a fixed value, the air release assembly 6 is used to discharge the gas in the high-pressure gas tank 3 from the nozzle 4 to wash the three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe 11;

[0042] Specifically, when the pressure of the engine and the turbocharger is too high, the bypass valve of this device will not be opened. Instead, the transmission ratio of the turbine rotating shaft 12 is reduced through the variable-speed transmission assembly 2, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the air compressor rotating shaft 13, so as to avoid the problem of excessive pressure. At the same time, the rotation of the turbine rotating shaft 12 will drive the air charging assembly 5 to work, and then continuously charge the high-pressure gas tank 3. When the air pressure in the high-pressure gas tank 3 reaches a certain value, the gas will be discharged from the nozzle 4 through the air release assembly 6 to wash the three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe 11, thereby improving its working effect and at the same time improving the utilization efficiency of waste gas.

[0043] The variable-speed transmission assembly 2 includes a housing 21 fixedly connected to the outer shell 1 of the turbocharger. The air compressor rotating shaft 13 is rotatably connected to the housing 21 through a bearing. A hollow shaft two 22 is arranged on the turbine rotating shaft 12. A gear disk one 23 is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft two 22. A gear disk two 24 meshing with the gear disk one 23 is fixedly connected to the air compressor rotating shaft 13;

[0044] And a gear disk three 25 is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft two 22. A gear disk four 26 is fixedly connected to the air compressor rotating shaft 13. The gear disk one 23 and the gear disk four 26 adopt the same design. The gear disk two 24 and the gear disk three 25 adopt the same design. And the gear disk three 25 is designed with a diameter smaller than that of the gear disk four 26. A slide plate 27 is arranged in the outer shell 1 of the turbocharger. One end of the hollow shaft two 22 passes through the slide plate 27 and is rotatably connected to it. And a telescopic electric push rod 28 is fixedly connected between the other end of the slide plate 27 and the outer shell 1 of the turbocharger. When the pressure of the engine and the turbocharger is too high, the telescopic electric push rod 28 is started through program control to drive the slide plate 27 to move, and then drive the hollow shaft two 22 to move, so as to drive the gear disk three 25 to mesh with the gear disk four 26 while the gear disk one 23 disengages from the gear disk two 24, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the air compressor rotating shaft 13;

[0045] A chute 29 is opened on the turbine rotating shaft 12. A sliding convex 31 is fixedly connected inside the hollow shaft two 22. One end of the sliding convex 31 is located in the chute 29 and is slidably connected to its inner wall to guide and limit the sliding of the hollow shaft two 22.

[0046] The inflation assembly 5 includes a syringe barrel 32 fixedly connected to the turbocharger housing. An intake pipe 33 and an outlet pipe 34 are conductively connected to the syringe barrel 32. The outlet pipe 34 is connected to the high-pressure gas tank 3 through a conduit. Check valves 35 are installed in both the intake pipe 33 and the outlet pipe 34. The check valve 35 in the intake pipe 33 only allows air to enter the syringe barrel 32, and the check valve 35 in the outlet pipe 34 only allows air to flow out of the syringe barrel 32. A first piston 36 is slidably connected in the syringe barrel 32, and a transmission member 37 is provided between the first piston 36 and the third gear disk 25. After moving the third gear disk 25, it is docked with the transmission member 37. Rotating the third gear disk 25 drives the first piston 36 to reciprocate through the transmission member 37, so that air is continuously filled into the high-pressure gas tank 3.

[0047] The transmission member 37 includes a third shaft 38 rotatably connected to the housing 21 through a bearing. A bidirectional lead screw 39 is fixedly connected to the third shaft 38. A guide rod 41 is fixedly connected to the housing 21. A push plate 42 is slidably connected to the guide rod 41. One end of the bidirectional lead screw 39 passes through the push plate 42 and is in mating connection therewith. A push rod 43 is fixedly connected between one end of the push plate 42 and the first piston 36. A fifth gear disk 44 is fixedly connected to one end of the third shaft 38. After moving the third gear disk 25, it meshes with the fifth gear disk 44. Rotating the third gear disk 25 drives the fifth gear disk 44 to rotate, thereby driving the third shaft 38 to rotate, further driving the bidirectional lead screw 39 to rotate, thus driving the push plate 42 to move, and further driving the first piston 36 fixedly connected to the push rod 43 to reciprocate.

[0048] The deflation assembly 6 includes a hollow tube 45 conductively connected to the nozzle 4. A second piston 46 is slidably connected in the hollow tube 45. A push rod 47 is fixedly connected to one end of the second piston 46. A first spring 48 is sleeved on the push rod 47. Inflating the high-pressure gas tank 3 pushes the push rod 47 to move while compressing the first spring 48. Specifically, the greater the air pressure in the high-pressure gas tank 3, the more the first spring 48 is compressed;

[0049] And a hollow cylinder 49 is provided on the nozzle 4. A valve assembly 51 is provided in the hollow cylinder 49 for blocking the nozzle 4. A cylinder 52 is rotatably connected to one side of the hollow cylinder 49. The cylinder 52 is connected to the valve assembly 51. Rotating the cylinder 52 drives the valve assembly 51 to work to open the nozzle 4;

[0050] A guide groove member 53 is formed in the cylinder 52. A cylindrical protrusion 54 is provided on the push rod 47, and one end of the cylindrical protrusion 54 is located in the guide groove member 53. Moving the push rod 47 drives the cylindrical protrusion 54 to move along the guide groove member 53 to drive the cylinder 52 to rotate.

[0051] The valve assembly 51 includes a rotating cylinder 55 rotatably connected in the hollow cylinder 49. A through hole 56 is formed in the rotating cylinder 55. A fourth shaft 57 is fixedly connected to the rotating cylinder 55. Rotating the fourth shaft 57 drives the rotating cylinder 55 to rotate, so that the through hole 56 conducts the nozzle 4;

[0052] One end of the fourth shaft 57 is fixedly connected to and passes through the cylinder 52, and a torsion spring 58 is sleeved on the other end of the fourth shaft 57. Two ends of the torsion spring 58 are respectively fixedly connected to the fourth shaft 57 and the hollow cylinder 49. Specifically, when the nozzle 4 is in a closed state, the through hole 56 is offset from the nozzle 4, and at the same time, the torsion spring 58 is also in a stressed and twisted state. By rotating the fourth shaft 57, the rotating cylinder 55 is driven to rotate, so that the through hole 56 is offset and the nozzle 4 is blocked, and at the same time, the torsion spring 58 is stressed and twisted to provide its self-restoring elastic force.

[0053] One side of the high-pressure gas tank 3 is fixedly connected with a mounting plate 59. One end of the ejector rod 47 passes through the mounting plate 59 and is fixedly connected with a sliding frame 61. Two ends of the first spring 48 are respectively in contact with and abutted against the second piston 46 and the mounting plate 59. A hollow column 62 is fixedly connected to the sliding frame 61. One end of the cylindrical protrusion 54 is located inside the hollow column 62 and is fixedly connected with a second spring 63. Two ends of the second spring 63 are respectively fixedly connected to the hollow column 62 and the cylindrical protrusion 54.

[0054] The guide groove member 53 includes a first straight guide groove 64 opened on the cylinder 52. One end of the cylindrical protrusion 54 is located inside the first straight guide groove 64 and is slidably connected to its inner wall. The high-pressure gas tank 3 is inflated to push the second piston 46 to move, so as to drive the cylindrical protrusion 54 to slide along the straight guide groove.

[0055] A spiral guide groove 65 communicated with the first straight guide groove 64 is opened on the cylinder 52. The first straight guide groove is designed with a greater opening depth than the spiral guide groove 65. An arc-shaped transition groove 66 communicated with the straight guide groove is opened on the cylinder 52 for connecting the straight guide groove and the spiral guide groove 65. The cylindrical protrusion 54 slides along the arc-shaped transition groove 66, and at the same time, the torsion spring 58 drives the cylinder 52 to rotate.

[0056] Specifically, continuous air filling into the high-pressure gas tank 3 causes the air pressure in the high-pressure gas tank 3 to increase, thereby pushing the second piston 46 to move, compressing the first spring 48 at the same time, and the cylindrical protrusion 54 slides along the first straight guide groove 64. At this time, the cylinder 52 does not rotate. Only when the cylindrical protrusion 54 is aligned with the arc-shaped transition groove 66, the rotation limit of the cylinder 52 is lost, so that the fourth shaft 57 and the cylinder 52 are driven to rotate by the reset of the torsion spring 58. At the same time, the cylindrical protrusion 54 slides along the arc-shaped transition groove 66, and at the same time, the rotating cylinder 55 rotates to make the through hole 56 communicate with the nozzle 4. Thus, the air in the high-pressure gas tank 3 can be ejected from the nozzle 4. When the cylindrical protrusion 54 slides along the arc-shaped transition groove 66, the cylindrical protrusion 54 moves relative to the hollow column 62 at the same time to compress the second spring 63. Thereafter, the air pressure in the high-pressure gas tank 3 suddenly drops, so that the cylindrical protrusion 54 is driven to slide along the spiral guide groove 65 by the reset of the first spring 48, thereby driving the cylinder 52 and the fourth shaft 57 to rotate, and driving the rotating cylinder 55 to rotate, so that the through hole 56 is offset to re-close the nozzle 4 in turn and repeatedly.

[0057] One end of the fourth shaft 57 slides through the sliding frame 61 to guide and limit the movement of the sliding frame 61, improving the stability during the operation of the device.

[0058] Embodiment 2: Please refer to Figures 1-8 , the present invention provides a technical solution: Embodiment 2 is optimized based on Embodiment 1;

[0059] A second straight guide groove 67 is formed on the cylinder 52, and both ends of the second straight guide groove 67 communicate with the arc transition groove 66 and the spiral guide groove 65 respectively. Thus, when the cylinder protrusion 54 is reset by the reset of the first spring 48, it will first move a certain distance along the second straight guide groove 67 and then enter the spiral guide groove 65, thereby prolonging the time for the nozzle 4 to be fully opened and improving the utilization rate of the gas in the high-pressure gas tank 3.

[0060] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0061] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas utilization device for an automobile engine, comprising a turbocharger housing (1), an exhaust pipe (11) connected to the turbocharger housing (1), a turbine rotating shaft (12) and a compressor rotating shaft (13) provided on the turbocharger housing (1), characterized in that: It further includes: A variable speed transmission assembly (2) is provided on the turbocharger housing (1), and the turbine shaft (12) is connected to the compressor shaft (13) through the variable speed transmission assembly (2). Rotating the turbine shaft (12) drives the compressor shaft (13) to rotate by using the variable speed transmission assembly (2). When the engine pressure is too high, the transmission ratio of the turbine shaft (12) is reduced by using the variable speed transmission assembly (2); A high-pressure gas tank (3) is provided on the exhaust pipe (11). A nozzle (4) is conductively connected to the high-pressure gas tank (3), and one end of the nozzle (4) is located inside the exhaust pipe (11); An inflation assembly (5) is provided on the turbocharger housing (1) and is conductively connected to the high-pressure gas tank (3) through a conduit. When the engine pressure is too high, the variable speed transmission assembly (2) docks with the inflation assembly (5) to drive the inflation assembly (5) to work, so that the high-pressure gas tank (3) is continuously inflated; A deflation assembly (6) is provided on the exhaust pipe (11). When the pressure in the high-pressure gas tank (3) reaches a fixed value, the gas in the high-pressure gas tank (3) is discharged from the nozzle (4) by using the deflation assembly (6) to wash the three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe (11); The variable speed transmission assembly (2) includes a housing (21) fixedly connected to the turbocharger housing (1). The compressor shaft (13) is rotatably connected to the housing (21). A hollow shaft two (22) is provided on the turbine shaft (12). A gear disk one (23) is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft two (22). A gear disk two (24) meshing with the gear disk one (23) is fixedly connected to the compressor shaft (13); And a gear disk three (25) is fixedly connected to the hollow shaft two (22). A gear disk four (26) is fixedly connected to the compressor shaft (13). The gear disk one (23) and the gear disk four (26) have the same design. The gear disk two (24) and the gear disk three (25) have the same design. And the gear disk three (25) is designed with a diameter smaller than that of the gear disk four (26). A sliding plate (27) is provided inside the turbocharger housing (1). One end of the hollow shaft two (22) passes through the sliding plate (27) and is rotatably connected to it. And a power-driven push rod (28) is fixedly connected between the other end of the sliding plate (27) and the turbocharger housing (1). Starting the power-driven push rod (28) drives the hollow shaft two (22) to move, so as to drive the gear disk three (25) to mesh with the gear disk four (26) while the gear disk one (23) disengages from the gear disk two (24); And a chute (29) is formed in the turbine shaft (12). A sliding protrusion (31) is fixedly connected inside the hollow shaft two (22). One end of the sliding protrusion (31) is located inside the chute (29) to guide and limit the sliding of the hollow shaft two (22).

2. The exhaust gas utilization device for an automotive engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inflation assembly (5) includes a syringe barrel (32) fixedly connected to the turbocharger housing. An intake pipe (33) and an outlet pipe (34) are conductively connected to the syringe barrel (32). The outlet pipe (34) is conductively connected to a high-pressure gas tank (3) through a conduit. Check valves (35) are installed in both the intake pipe (33) and the outlet pipe (34). A first piston (36) is slidably connected in the syringe barrel (32). A transmission member (37) is provided between the first piston (36) and the third gear disk (25). After moving the third gear disk (25) to dock with the transmission member (37), rotating the third gear disk (25) drives the first piston (36) to reciprocate through the transmission member (37).

3. The waste gas utilization device for an automotive engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission member (37) includes a third shaft (38) rotatably connected to the housing (21). A bidirectional lead screw (39) is fixedly connected to the third shaft (38). A guide rod (41) is fixedly connected to the housing (21). A push plate (42) is slidably connected to the guide rod (41). One end of the bidirectional lead screw (39) passes through the push plate (42) and is connected to it. A push rod (43) is fixedly connected between one end of the push plate (42) and the first piston (36). A fifth gear disk (44) is fixedly connected to one end of the third shaft (38). After moving the third gear disk (25) to mesh with the fifth gear disk (44), rotating the third gear disk (25) drives the first piston (36) to reciprocate.

4. The waste gas utilization device for an automotive engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air release assembly (6) includes a hollow tube (45) conductively connected to the nozzle (4). A second piston (46) is slidably connected in the hollow tube (45). A push rod (47) is fixedly connected to one end of the second piston (46). A first spring (48) is sleeved on the push rod (47). Inflating the high-pressure gas tank (3) pushes the push rod (47) to move and compresses the first spring (48) at the same time; And a hollow cylinder (49) is provided on the nozzle (4). A valve assembly (51) is arranged in the hollow cylinder (49) for blocking the nozzle (4). A cylinder (52) is rotatably connected to one side of the hollow cylinder (49). The cylinder (52) is connected to the valve assembly (51). Rotating the cylinder (52) drives the valve assembly (51) to work to open the nozzle (4); And a guide groove member (53) is formed in the cylinder (52). A cylindrical protrusion (54) with one end located in the guide groove member (53) is provided on the push rod (47). The movement of the push rod (47) drives the cylindrical protrusion (54) to move along the guide groove member (53) to drive the cylinder (52) to rotate.

5. The exhaust gas utilization device of an automotive engine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The valve assembly (51) includes a rotating cylinder (55) rotatably connected in the hollow cylinder (49). A through hole (56) is formed in the rotating cylinder (55). A fourth shaft (57) is fixedly connected to the rotating cylinder (55). Rotating the fourth shaft (57) drives the rotating cylinder (55) to rotate so that the through hole (56) conducts the nozzle (4); One end of the fourth shaft (57) is fixedly connected to and passes through the cylinder (52). A torsion spring (58) is sleeved on the other end of the fourth shaft (57). Two ends of the torsion spring (58) are respectively fixed to the fourth shaft (57) and the hollow cylinder (49). Rotating the fourth shaft (57) drives the rotating cylinder (55) to rotate, so that the through hole (56) is staggered to block the nozzle (4). At the same time, the torsion spring (58) is stressed and twisted to provide a self-return elastic force for it.

6. The waste gas utilization device of an automotive engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: One side of the high-pressure gas tank (3) is fixedly connected with a mounting plate (59). One end of the ejector rod (47) passes through the mounting plate (59) and is fixedly connected with a sliding frame (61). Two ends of the first spring (48) are respectively in contact with and abutted against the second piston (46) and the mounting plate (59). A hollow column (62) is fixedly connected to the sliding frame (61). One end of the cylindrical protrusion (54) is located in the hollow column (62) and is fixedly connected with a second spring (63).

7. The exhaust gas utilization device of an automotive engine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The guide groove member (53) includes a straight guide groove one (64) opened on the cylinder (52). One end of the cylindrical protrusion (54) is located in the straight guide groove one (64) and is slidably connected with its inner wall. Inflating the high-pressure gas tank (3) and pushing the second piston (46) to move drives the cylindrical protrusion (54) to slide along the straight guide groove; A spiral guide groove (65) communicated with the straight guide groove one (64) is opened on the cylinder (52). The straight guide groove is designed with a greater opening depth than the spiral guide groove (65). An arc transition groove (66) communicated with the straight guide groove is opened on the cylinder (52) for connecting the straight guide groove and the spiral guide groove (65). The cylindrical protrusion (54) slides along the arc transition groove (66). At the same time, the torsion spring (58) drives the cylinder (52) to rotate.

8. The exhaust gas utilization device for an automotive engine according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the fourth shaft (57) slidably passes through the sliding frame (61) to guide and limit the movement of the sliding frame (61).

9. The exhaust gas utilization device of an automotive engine according to claim 8, characterized in that: A straight guide groove two (67) is opened on the cylinder (52). Two ends of the straight guide groove two (67) are respectively communicated with the arc transition groove (66) and the spiral guide groove (65).

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