Methods, architectures, apparatuses and systems for channel state information measurement and reporting in wireless communications

Abstract

Processes, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for reference signal (RS) transmission, channel state information (CSI) measurement, and CSI reporting. In an example embodiment, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may be configured with a plurality of CSI-RS resource sets. The set of CSI-RS resources may be associated with transmission and / or reception of non-orthogonal CSI-RSs. Adjacent beam groups may share the same set of CSI-RS resources. The WTRU may receive a CSI-RS transmission using the set of CSI-RS resources. For example, a WTRU may (e.g., determine, indicated, configured) switch from CSI measurements of a first set of CSI-RS resources to a second set of CSI-RS resources. For example, a WTRU may switch from CSI measurements using a set of resources of a first measurement configuration to a second measurement configuration. For example, the WTRU may switch from applying a first quasi-co-location (QCL) configuration to a resource set to a second QCL configuration.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 325,375, filed on March 30, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems related to the measurement and reporting of channel state information (CSI). Background Art

[0004] A minimum of 5 GHz of spectrum between 57 and 64 GHz is available for unlicensed operation worldwide, while in some countries up to 14 GHz of spectrum between 57 and 71 GHz is available for unlicensed operation. A minimum of 10 GHz of spectrum between 71 to 76 GHz and 81 to 86 GHz is also available for licensed operation worldwide, while in some countries up to 18 GHz of spectrum between 71 and 114.25 GHz is available for licensed operation. Frequency ranges above 52.6 GHz may contain larger spectrum allocations and greater bandwidths that are not available for bands below 52.6 GHz. However, the physical layer channels of 3GPP Fifth Generation New Radio are designed to be optimized for use below 52.6 GHz. Summary of the invention

[0005] In certain representative embodiments, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive (e.g., from a base station) configuration information indicating a first set of transmission configuration index (TCI) states associated with a first scrambling identifier (ID) and a second set of TCI states associated with a second scrambling ID. The WTRU may receive (e.g., from a base station) channel state information (CSI) reporting information indicating a first CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set associated with the first set of TCI states and a second CSI-RS resource set associated with the second set of TCI states. The WTRU may report (e.g., to the base station) first CSI including information indicating a quality of the first CSI-RS resource set based on one or more first measurements. The one or more first measurements may be based on (e.g., performed using) the first CSI-RS resource set and the first scrambling ID. The WTRU may report (e.g., report to a base station) a second CSI based on (1) the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set being less than a first threshold and (2) the difference between the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set and the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set based on one or more second measurements being greater than a second threshold, the second CSI including information indicating the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set and a CSI-RS resource set indicator associated with the second CSI-RS resource set. For example, the one or more second measurements may be based on (e.g., performed using) the second CSI-RS resource set and the second scrambling ID.

[0006] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a plurality of CSI-RS resources. The WTRU may determine one or more TCI states associated with the plurality of CSI-RS resources based on one or more TCI states associated with one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) and / or search spaces for the plurality of CSI-RS resources. The WTRU may perform measurements on the plurality of CSI-RS resources using the determined one or more TCI states. The WTRU may report CSI based on the measurements, the CSI including information indicating the quality of the plurality of CSI-RS resources.

[0007] In certain representative embodiments, a WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a first CSI reporting resource and a second CSI reporting resource. The WTRU may use the first CSI reporting resource to report CSI including information indicating the quality of one or more first CSI-RS resources. The WTRU may use the second CSI reporting resource to send a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission based on the quality of the one or more first CSI-RS resources being less than or equal to a threshold. The PUCCH transmission may include information indicating the quality of the one or more second CSI-RS resources. For example, the PUCCH transmission may be sent using (1) one or more WTRU-specific sequences based on an identifier associated with the second CSI resource and / or (2) a WTRU-specific hopping pattern based on an identifier associated with the second CSI reporting resource.

[0008] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU may receive CSI reporting information indicating a first CSI-RS resource set. The WTRU may perform a first measurement using the first CSI-RS resource set. The WTRU may report CSI including information indicating a quality of the first CSI-RS resource set based on the first measurement. For example, the reported CSI may include information indicating a preferred reporting mode of the WTRU.

[0009] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a first set of RS resources and a second set of RS resources. The WTRU may determine the RS resource set based on the first set of RS resources and the second set of RS resources. The WTRU may perform measurements using the determined set of RS resources and a scrambling ID associated with the determined set of RS resources. The WTRU may report CSI including the quality of the determined set of RS resources based on the measurements. The reporting of the CSI may use contention-based reporting resources or non-contention-based reporting resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] A more detailed understanding may be obtained from the following detailed description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings thereof. As with the detailed description, the figures in such drawings are examples. Therefore, the accompanying drawings (figures) and detailed description should not be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and possible. In addition, like reference numerals ("ref.") in the figures indicate similar elements, and wherein:

[0011] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system;

[0012] Figure 1B It is a diagram that can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within a communication system as illustrated in;

[0013] Figure 1C It is a diagram that can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used within the communication system illustrated in FIG.

[0014] Figure 1D It is a diagram that can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an additional example RAN and an additional example CN used within the communication system illustrated in FIG.

[0015] Figure 2 is a system diagram illustrating an example of an example RAN and beam groups;

[0016] Figure 3 is a chart illustrating available frequencies between 52.6 and 71 GHz for global regions;

[0017] Figure 4 is a chart illustrating available licensed (L) frequencies between 71 and 100 GHz for global regions;

[0018] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format and associated information;

[0019] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a block code for encoding 1 bit of information;

[0020] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a block code for encoding 2 bits of information;

[0021] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a basis sequence of a (32,K) Reed-Muller code for encoding information;

[0022] Fig. 9 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI for multiple CSI-RS resource sets;

[0023] Fig.10 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI for multiple CSI-RS resources using determined TCI states;

[0024] Fig.11 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for receiving CSI using a WTRU determined TCI state;

[0025] Fig.12 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI using a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission;

[0026] Fig.13 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for receiving CSI using a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission;

[0027] Fig.14 is a process diagram illustrating an example procedure for reporting CSI and a preferred reporting mode for a WTRU;

[0028] Fig.15 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for receiving CSI and a preferred reporting mode for a WTRU;

[0029] Fig.16 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI; and

[0030] Fig.17 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for receiving CSI. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In the following detailed description, many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples can be put into practice without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other cases, well-known methods, processes, components and circuits have not yet been described in detail to avoid blurring the following description. In addition, the embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be put into practice in place of the embodiments and other examples explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently described, disclosed or otherwise provided (collectively referred to as "providing") herein, or in combination with the embodiments and examples. Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein, wherein devices, systems, equipment, etc. and / or any of its elements perform operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc. and / or any part thereof, it is to be understood that any embodiments described and / or claimed herein assume that any device, system, equipment, etc. and / or any of its elements are configured to perform any operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc. and / or any part thereof.

[0032] Example Communication System

[0033] The methods, devices, and systems provided herein are well suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. Figures 1A to 1D An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided, wherein various elements of the network may utilize, perform, be arranged according to, and / or be adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided herein.

[0034] Figure 1Ais a system diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail (ZT) unique word (UW) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-sOFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0035] like Figure 1A As shown in FIG, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110 and other networks 112, however, it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or may be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0036] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device that is configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to, for example, facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the network 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a home Node-B (HNB), a home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), an NRNode-B (NRNB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0037] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0038] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0039] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0040] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0041] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access that may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0042] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may together implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, for example using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0043] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM Enhanced Data Rates for Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0044] Figure 1A The base station 114b in may be, for example, a wireless router, a home Node-B, a home eNode-B, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a microcell, a picocell, or a femtocell. As Figure 1A As shown in FIG, base station 114b may have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0045] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, delay requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not described in detail in the specification, the CN 106 / 115 may be configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. Figure 1AAlthough not shown in the figure, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs any of GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technologies.

[0046] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0047] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0048] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown in FIG. 1 , the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0049] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, for example, in an electronic package or chip.

[0050] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via an air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0051] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is Figure 1B 102 as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0052] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. For example, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0053] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0054] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0055] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0056] The processor 118 may be further coupled to other components / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software modules / units and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the components / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, Modules, frequency modulation (FM) radio units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, Internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, activity trackers, and the like. Components / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscopes, accelerometers, Hall effect sensors, magnetometers, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, time sensors; geolocation sensors; altimeters, light sensors, touch sensors, magnetometers, barometers, gesture sensors, biometric sensors, and / or humidity sensors.

[0057] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via signal processing performed by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0058] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0059] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0060] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), and the like. Figure 1C As shown in FIG. , the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0061] Figure 1C The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0062] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0063] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0064] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0065] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may be in communication with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0066] Although the WTRU Figures 1A to 1D Although described as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal may (eg, temporarily or permanently) employ a wired communications interface with a communications network.

[0067] In a representative embodiment, other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0068] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or carries traffic away from the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and directed to the STA may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from the STA and directed to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic may be sent between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly between them) using direct link establishment (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (eg, all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0069] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA) (including the AP) may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0070] High throughput (HT) STAs may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0071] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-continuous 80MHz channels (this can be called 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be separately processed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and time domain processing. These streams can be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and data can be transmitted by transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-mentioned operation for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0072] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1 GHz. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter type control / machine type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only support for) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0073] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA (which supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode) from all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (supporting only the 1MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered busy even if most of the frequency bands remain idle and may be available.

[0074] In the United States, the available frequency bands for 802.11ah are 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0075] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0076] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit a plurality of component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technique. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and the gNB 180b (and / or the gNB 180c).

[0077] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable parameter sets. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., including varying numbers of OFDM symbols and / or continuously varying absolute time lengths).

[0078] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also not accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate or be connected with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating or being connected with other RANs, such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0079] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, and the like. Figure 1D As shown in , gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0080] Figure 1DThe CN 115 shown in FIG. 1 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one data network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0081] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, support of network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, for example, based on the type of services used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) employing other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as Wi-Fi.

[0082] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0083] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, for example, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0084] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local data network (DN) 185a, 185b via an N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0085] Given that Figures 1A to 1D as well as Figures 1A to 1D , one or more or all of the functions described herein with reference to any of the following may be performed by one or more simulation elements / devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-102d, base station 114a-114b, eNode-B 160a-160c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-180c, AMF 182a-182b, UPF 184a-184b, SMF 183a-183b, DN 185a-185b and / or any other element / device described herein. A simulation device may be one or more devices configured to mimic one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, a simulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0086] The simulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices may perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communications to perform testing.

[0087] The one or more simulation devices can perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more simulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication performed via an RF circuit system (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) can be used by the simulation device to transmit and / or receive data.

[0088] introduce

[0089] The following abbreviations and acronyms may be used throughout the specification:

[0090] Δf Subcarrier spacing

[0091] gNB NR NodeB

[0092] AP Aperiodic

[0093] BFR Beam Failure Recovery

[0094] BFD-RS Beam Fault Detection-Reference Signal

[0095] BLER Block Error Rate

[0096] BWP Bandwidth Part

[0097] CA Carrier Aggregation

[0098] CB Contention-based (e.g., access, channel, resource)

[0099] CDM Code Division Multiplexing

[0100] CG Cell Group

[0101] CoMP Coordinated Multipoint Transmission / Reception

[0102] CP Cyclic Prefix

[0103] CPE Common Phase Error

[0104] CP-OFDM Traditional OFDM (relies on cyclic prefix)

[0105] CQI Channel Quality Indicator

[0106] CN Core Network (e.g., LTE Packet Core or NR Core)

[0107] CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0108] CSI Channel State Information

[0109] CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal

[0110] CU Central Unit

[0111] D2D device-to-device transmission (e.g. LTE sidelink)

[0112] DC Dual Connection

[0113] DCI Downlink Control Information

[0114] DL Downlink

[0115] DM-RS Demodulation Reference Signal

[0116] DRB Data Radio Bearer

[0117] DU Distributed Unit

[0118] EN-DC E-UTRA–NR Dual Connectivity

[0119] EPC Evolved Packet Core

[0120] FD-CDM Frequency Domain Code Division Multiplexing

[0121] FDD Frequency Division Duplex

[0122] FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0123] ICI Inter-cell Interference

[0124] ICIC Inter-cell Interference Cancellation

[0125] ID Identifier

[0126] IP Internet Protocol

[0127] LBT Listen before you speak

[0128] LCH Logical Channel

[0129] LCID Logical Channel Identifier

[0130] LCP Logical Channel Priority

[0131] LLC Low Latency Communications

[0132] LTE Long Term Evolution, e.g. from 3GPP LTE R8 and above

[0133] MAC Media Access Control

[0134] MAC CE Media Access Control Element

[0135] NACK Negative ACK

[0136] MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast System

[0137] MCG Master Cell Group

[0138] MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme

[0139] MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0140] MTC Machine Type Communication

[0141] MR-DC Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity

[0142] NAS Non-Access Stratum

[0143] NCB-RS New Candidate Beam Reference Signal

[0144] NE-DC NR-RAN–E-UTRA Dual Connectivity

[0145] NR New Radio

[0146] NR-DC Dual Connectivity

[0147] OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0148] OOB Out of Band (Emit)

[0149] P cmax Total available UE power in a given transmission interval

[0150] Pcell Primary cell of the primary cell group

[0151] PCG Primary Cell Group

[0152] PDU Protocol Data Unit

[0153] PER Packet Error Rate

[0154] PF PUCCH format

[0155] PHY Physical Layer

[0156] PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

[0157] PLR Packet Loss Rate

[0158] PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0159] PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0160] PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

[0161] PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0162] PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

[0163] PRB Physical Resource Block

[0164] PRS Positioning Reference Signal

[0165] Pscell: the primary cell of the secondary cell group

[0166] PSS Primary Synchronization Signal

[0167] PT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal

[0168] QoS Quality of Service (from the perspective of the physical layer)

[0169] RAB Radio Access Bearer

[0170] RAN PA Radio Access Network Paging Area

[0171] RACH Random Access Channel (or process)

[0172] RAR Random Access Response

[0173] RAT Radio Access Technology

[0174] RB Resource Block

[0175] RCU Radio Access Network Central Unit

[0176] RF Radio Front End

[0177] RE Resource Element

[0178] RLF Radio Link Failure

[0179] RLM Radio Link Monitoring

[0180] RNTI Radio Network Identifier

[0181] ROM read-only mode (for MBMS)

[0182] RRC Radio Resource Control

[0183] RRM Radio Resource Management

[0184] RS reference signal

[0185] RTT Round Trip Time

[0186] SCG Secondary Cell Group

[0187] SCMA Single Carrier Multiple Access

[0188] SCS Subcarrier Spacing

[0189] SDU Service Data Unit

[0190] SOM Spectrum Operation Mode

[0191] SP Semi-Persistent

[0192] SpCell The primary cell of a primary or secondary cell group.

[0193] SRB Signalling Radio Bearer

[0194] SS Sync Signal

[0195] SR Scheduling Request

[0196] SRS Sounding Reference Signal

[0197] SSS Auxiliary Sync Signal

[0198] SUL Supplementary Uplink

[0199] SWG Switching Gap (in independent subframe)

[0200] TB Transfer Block

[0201] TBS Transport Block Size

[0202] TCI Transport Configuration Index

[0203] TDD Time Division Duplex

[0204] TDM Time Division Multiplexing

[0205] TI Time interval (in the form of an integer multiple of one or more symbols)

[0206] TTI Transmission Time Interval (in the form of an integer multiple of one or more symbols)

[0207] TRP Transmission / Reception Point

[0208] TRPG Transmission / Reception Point Group

[0209] TRS Tracking Reference Signal

[0210] TRx Transceiver

[0211] UL Uplink

[0212] URC Ultra Reliable Communications

[0213] URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications

[0214] V2X Vehicle Communications

[0215] WLAN Wireless Local Area Network and related technologies (IEEE 802.xx domain)

[0216] In certain representative embodiments, processes for (e.g., non-orthogonal) CSI-RS transmission, measurement, and / or reporting thereof may be performed. In certain representative embodiments, one or more CSI-RS resource sets may be shared (e.g., for multiple beam groups). In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be performed (e.g., by the WTRU 102).

[0217] In certain representative embodiments, one or more CSI-RS resource sets may be shared (e.g., for multiple beam groups). For example, adjacent (e.g., spatially adjacent) beam groups such as sharing the same CSI-RS resource set may use separate CSI-RS resource IDs for each beam group, respectively. A first beam group (e.g., group #1) associated with a first CSI-RS ID and a second beam group (e.g., group #3) associated with a second CSI-RS ID may share a CSI-RS resource set.

[0218] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., autonomously) change the CSI-RS resource set and / or CSI-RS ID used for beam measurement. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with two CSI-RS resource sets and / or two CSI measurement configurations. The WTRU 102 may perform more frequent measurements on the CSI-RS resource set used for CSI reporting (e.g., the 1st CSI-RS resource set) and / or the CSI-RS resource set associated with the first CSI-RS ID. The WTRU 102 may perform less frequent measurements on the CSI-RS resource set of the candidate beam group (e.g., the 1st CSI-RS resource set) and / or the CSI-RS resource set associated with the second CSI-RS ID. As another example, the WTRU 102 may perform less frequent measurements on the CSI-RS resource set of the candidate beam group (e.g., the 2nd CSI-RS resource set) and / or the CSI-RS resource set associated with the two CSI-RS IDs.

[0219] For example, the WTRU 102 may change the CSI-RS resource set used for CSI measurement from the 1st CSI-RS resource set and / or the 1st CSI-RS ID to the 2nd CSI-RS resource set and / or the 2nd CSI-RS ID if one or more conditions are met, such as (1) if the quality (e.g., RSRP) of the 1st set is greater than or equal to a threshold, (2) the quality of the 1st set with the 1st CSI-RS ID is greater than or equal to the quality of the 1st set with the 2nd CSI-RS ID, and / or (3) the quality (e.g., average and / or best value) of the 2nd set is greater than the quality of the 1st set.

[0220] In certain representative embodiments, CSI-RS (e.g., non-orthogonal) transmissions may be based on multiple TRPs. For example, multiple beam groups may be transmitted (e.g., always). For example, multiple measurement configurations may be configured (e.g., at the WTRU 102). A first configuration may include frequent measurements and / or a second configuration may include (e.g., less) frequent measurements. A second configuration (e.g., periodicity and / or offset value) may be used to scale a first configuration (e.g., periodicity and / or offset).

[0221] In certain representative embodiments, CSI-RS (e.g., non-orthogonal) transmissions may be based on a single TRP. For example, the transmission beam group may be changed (e.g., dynamically) within a resource set. For example, the change of resource sets may be based on a handshake and / or other confirmation.

[0222] In certain representative embodiments, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may perform an acknowledgement for a CSI-RS change (e.g., initiated or determined at the WTRU 102). For example, one or more CORESETs may be configured. For one CORESET, the WTRU 102 may receive an acknowledgement via the CORESET (e.g., indicated in a PDCCH transmission). For two or more CORESETs, the WTRU 102 may receive an acknowledgement via the CORESET associated with the new and / or updated CSI-RS for measurement.

[0223] In certain representative embodiments, a QCL Type-D determination may be associated with a (e.g., non-orthogonal) CSI-RS transmission. For example, one or more QCL Type-D configurations may be configured and / or associated with a CSI-RS resource. The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more QCL Type-D configurations in or for a CSI-RS resource. For example, the WTRU 102 may apply an associated QCL Type-D configuration with a determined scrambling ID for a CSI-RS resource. For example, no QCL Type-D configuration may be configured and / or associated with a CSI-RS resource. A CSI resource may be used as a source RS for a QCL Type-D for other signals and / or other channels.

[0224] In certain representative embodiments, a QCL Type-D update may be configured and / or associated with a CSI-RS for CSI reporting. For example, a CSI-RS resource and / or resource set may be configured for CSI reporting. The CSI-RS resource and / or resource set may be associated with a determined CSI-RS resource and / or resource set based on a WTRU beam report. For example, the source RS for the QCL Type-D assumption of the CSI-RS for CSI reporting may be the determined CSI-RS resource and / or resource in the UE beam report.

[0225] In certain representative embodiments, a beam report with a (e.g., new) CSI-RS resource set may include one or more of: (1) a (e.g., new) CSI-RS resource set indicator, (2) a (e.g., new) CSI-RS resource ID, (3) a CSI measurement reset indication of a previously measured resource set with a previous CSI-RS ID, and / or (4) other CSI parameters (e.g., CRI, SSBRI, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, or the like). For example, the WTRU 102 may explicitly or implicitly indicate to the gNB the measurements and / or reports from the second CSI-RS resource set. An indicator such as an explicit ID or a handover may be used. For example, the CSI-RS ID in the indicated CSI-RS resource set may be explicitly or implicitly indicated to the gNB. An indicator such as an explicit ID or a handover may be used.

[0226] In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be performed.

[0227] In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be performed when conditions support such reporting. For example, a WTRU may transmit a PUCCH transmission for or including a CSI report in a common PUCCH resource, such as when (e.g., only when) one or more triggering conditions are met.

[0228] In certain representative embodiments, dynamic reporting mode indication may be used in conjunction with contention-based CSI reporting. For example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may indicate a mode of regular CSI (e.g., periodic and / or aperiodic) reporting and / or indicate WTRU-triggered CSI (e.g., WTRU-specific, group-specific, and / or cell-specific signal) reporting. For example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may activate a triggered CSI reporting mode for efficient operation (e.g., in general). For example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may activate a (e.g., non-trigger-based) CSI reporting mode, such as for high traffic situations (e.g., concerts, stadiums, and the like). The WTRU 102 may recommend a preferred CSI mode via a CSI report. For example, a preferred CSI mode may be indicated by a reporting mode indicator (RMI). The RMI may be included in a (e.g., regular or non-triggered) CSI report.

[0229] In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be based on PUCCH (e.g., resources and / or transmission). A WTRU identification may be required to identify the WTRU 102 transmitting the contention-based CSI report based on an identifier (such as, configuration of a WTRU ID and / or beam group ID). For example, scrambling and / or WTRU-specific sequences of the PUCCH DMRS with a configured ID may be used, such as for formats other than PUCCH format 0 (e.g., due to the absence of a PUCCH DMRS). For example, masking a CRC with a configured ID may be used. For example, the masking may be WTRU-specific. The applicability of the masking may depend on the PUCCH transmission payload size. For example, if the payload size satisfies: payload size ≤ 11 bits, the CRC bits may not be supported. For example, if the payload size satisfies: 12 bits ≤ payload size ≤ 19 bits, a 6-bit CRC may be supported. For example, if the payload size satisfies: 20 bits ≤ payload size, an 11-bit CRC may be supported. For example, a CRC attachment for contention-based CSI reporting may depend on whether such an attachment is supported. For example, in case the payload size of the PUCCH is small (eg, below a threshold), a CRC may be added or the bit size may be increased.

[0230] For example, a WTRU-specific reserved sequence and / or cyclic shift (e.g., for a ZC sequence) and / or scrambling may be used. The same scrambling format or type may be applied to PUCCH formats 3 and 4. A CSI reporting RNTI may be used. For example, a WTRU-specific hopping pattern and / or a group-specific hopping pattern may be used. For example, an identifier with an associated PRACH transmission and / or an associated PUSCH resource with a configuration grant may be used. Different identifiers associated with two-step RACH and / or PUSCH transmissions may be used. For example, different methods or identifiers may be used based on the WTRU state (such as whether the transmission is performed using a first channel (and / or format) or a second channel (and / or format)). For example, different methods or identifiers may be used depending on the WTRU state (e.g., whether it is synchronized with the RAN), whether the transmission uses (e.g., will use) PRACH or PUCCH (e.g., sending an SR), and whether the transmission (e.g., SR) uses PUCCH format 3 or PUCCH format 4. For example, an SR signal or similar signal may be used to indicate activation of one or more CSI reporting configurations and / or RS configurations for CSI reporting. For example, a two-step RACH procedure may be used for contention-based CSI reporting.

[0231] In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered by one or more events. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered when the relationship (e.g., difference) between the (e.g., new) measured quality and the reported quality is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered when the relationship (e.g., difference) between the (e.g., new) best beam (and / or beam group) and the reported best beam (and / or beam group) is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered when a CSI-RS resource set indicator and / or a CSI-RS ID indicator may be reported. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered when the WTRU UL transmit power associated with the most recent transmission and / or CSI report is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered based on an association with a TCI state indication. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered based on an association with a preconfigured and / or defined activated TCI state (such as based on a reported CSI-RS resource set). For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered if a bit is used and / or configured to acknowledge WTRU reporting for TCI state activation. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered if a bit is used and / or configured to acknowledge WTRU reporting for best beam for TCI state indication. In addition to measurements, other events may also trigger contention-based CSI reporting, such as traffic, data arrival (e.g., associated with a beam group), priority (e.g., traffic type), unlicensed frequency usage (e.g., where the number of losses of LBT is greater than a threshold).

[0232] Overview

[0233] NR THz - Efficient CSI reporting in higher frequencies

[0234] CSI and beam reporting may be (e.g., basic) features to find optimized beams and support efficient transmission and reception of PDSCH. Conventional CSI acquisition methods may not be efficient for THz band operations. Time and / or frequency overhead may increase with the increase in the number of antennas. The increased number of antennas may result in an increased number of beams. The increased number of beams may require more RS resources. The increased number of antennas may also increase measurement delays and CSI aging. For example, a TDM method may be used to measure different analog beams, which may result in more delays. Due to the narrow beams, THz communications may be more sensitive to CSI errors, and faster beam application methods may support improvements to THz band communications.

[0235] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU may support beam measurements and CSI reporting using minimal (e.g., time and / or frequency) resources and / or minimal added latency.

[0236] In certain representative embodiments, processes for (e.g., non-orthogonal) CSI-RS transmission, measurement, and / or reporting thereof may be performed. In certain representative embodiments, one or more CSI-RS resource sets may be shared (e.g., for multiple beam groups). In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be performed (e.g., by the WTRU 102).

[0237] Figure 2 is a system diagram illustrating an example RAN and beam groups. Figure 2 As shown in , the RAN 104, 113 may use (e.g., transmit) multiple beams that may be transmitted by the base station 114. For example, beams 202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, etc. may be arranged in multiple beam groups (such as beam group #1, beam group #2, beam group #3 and / or beam group #4). For example, each beam group may include a subset of multiple beams. Beam group #1 may be associated with (e.g., identified as) CSI-RS resource set #1. Beam group #2 may be associated with (e.g., identified as) CSI-RS resource set #2. Beam group #3 may be associated with (e.g., identified as) CSI-RS resource set #1. Beam group #4 may be associated with (e.g., identified as) CSI-RS resource set #2. For example, each of the beam groups may include multiple beams (e.g., subsets of beams). In Figure 2 , each beam group is shown as including six beams. For example, any of the beams and / or beam groups may include frequencies between 71 and 100 GHz.

[0238] In certain representative embodiments, one or more CSI-RS resource sets may be shared (e.g., for multiple beam groups). For example, adjacent (e.g., spatially adjacent) beam groups such as those that share the same CSI-RS resource set may use separate CSI-RS resource IDs for each beam group, respectively. A first beam group (e.g., group #1) associated with a first CSI-RS ID and a second beam group (e.g., group #3) associated with a second CSI-RS ID may share a CSI-RS resource set.

[0239] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may (e.g., autonomously) change the CSI-RS resource set and / or CSI-RS ID used for beam measurement. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with two CSI-RS resource sets and / or two CSI measurement configurations. The WTRU 102 may perform more frequent measurements on the CSI-RS resource set used for CSI reporting (e.g., the 1st CSI-RS resource set) and / or the CSI-RS resource set associated with the first CSI-RS ID. The WTRU 102 may perform less frequent measurements on the CSI-RS resource set of the candidate beam group (e.g., the 1st CSI-RS resource set) and / or the CSI-RS resource set associated with the second CSI-RS ID. As another example, the WTRU 102 may perform less frequent measurements on the CSI-RS resource set of the candidate beam group (e.g., the 2nd CSI-RS resource set) and / or the CSI-RS resource set associated with the two CSI-RS IDs.

[0240] For example, the WTRU 102 may change the CSI-RS resource set used for CSI measurement from the 1st CSI-RS resource set and / or the 1st CSI-RS ID to the 2nd CSI-RS resource set and / or the 2nd CSI-RS ID if one or more conditions are met, such as (1) if the quality (e.g., RSRP) of the 1st set is greater than or equal to a threshold, (2) the quality of the 1st set with the 1st CSI-RS ID is greater than or equal to the quality of the 1st set with the 2nd CSI-RS ID, and / or (3) the quality (e.g., average and / or best value) of the 2nd set is greater than the quality of the 1st set.

[0241] In certain representative embodiments, CSI-RS (e.g., non-orthogonal) transmissions may be based on multiple TRPs. For example, multiple beam groups may be transmitted (e.g., always). For example, multiple measurement configurations may be configured (e.g., at the WTRU 102). A first configuration may include frequent measurements and / or a second configuration may include (e.g., less) frequent measurements. A second configuration (e.g., periodicity and / or offset value) may be used to scale a first configuration (e.g., periodicity and / or offset).

[0242] In certain representative embodiments, CSI-RS (e.g., non-orthogonal) transmissions may be based on a single TRP. For example, the transmission beam group may be changed (e.g., dynamically) within a resource set. For example, the change of resource sets may be based on a handshake and / or other confirmation.

[0243] In certain representative embodiments, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may perform an acknowledgement for a CSI-RS change (e.g., initiated or determined at the WTRU 102). For example, one or more CORESETs may be configured. For one CORESET, the WTRU 102 may receive an acknowledgement via the CORESET (e.g., indicated in a PDCCH transmission). For two or more CORESETs, the WTRU 102 may receive an acknowledgement via the CORESET associated with the new and / or updated CSI-RS for measurement.

[0244] In certain representative embodiments, a QCL Type-D determination may be associated with a (e.g., non-orthogonal) CSI-RS transmission. For example, one or more QCL Type-D configurations may be configured and / or associated with a CSI-RS resource. The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more QCL Type-D configurations in or for a CSI-RS resource. For example, the WTRU 102 may apply an associated QCL Type-D configuration with a determined scrambling ID for a CSI-RS resource. For example, no QCL Type-D configuration may be configured and / or associated with a CSI-RS resource. A CSI resource may be used as a source RS for a QCL Type-D for other signals and / or other channels.

[0245] In certain representative embodiments, a QCL Type-D update may be configured and / or associated with a CSI-RS for CSI reporting. For example, a CSI-RS resource and / or resource set may be configured for CSI reporting. The CSI-RS resource and / or resource set may be associated with a determined CSI-RS resource and / or resource set based on a WTRU beam report. For example, the source RS for the QCL Type-D assumption of the CSI-RS for CSI reporting may be the determined CSI-RS resource and / or resource in the UE beam report.

[0246] In certain representative embodiments, a beam report with a (e.g., new) CSI-RS resource set may include one or more of: (1) a (e.g., new) CSI-RS resource set indicator, (2) a (e.g., new) CSI-RS resource ID, (3) a CSI measurement reset indication of a previously measured resource set with a previous CSI-RS ID, and / or (4) other CSI parameters (e.g., CRI, SSBRI, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, or the like). For example, the WTRU 102 may explicitly or implicitly indicate to the gNB the measurements and / or reports from the second CSI-RS resource set. An indicator such as an explicit ID or a handover may be used. For example, the CSI-RS ID in the indicated CSI-RS resource set may be explicitly or implicitly indicated to the gNB. An indicator such as an explicit ID or a handover may be used.

[0247] In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be performed.

[0248] In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be performed when conditions support such reporting. For example, a WTRU may transmit a PUCCH transmission for or including a CSI report in a common PUCCH resource, such as when (e.g., only when) one or more triggering conditions are met.

[0249] In certain representative embodiments, dynamic reporting mode indication may be used in conjunction with contention-based CSI reporting. For example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may indicate a mode of regular CSI (e.g., periodic and / or aperiodic) reporting and / or indicate WTRU-triggered CSI (e.g., WTRU-specific, group-specific, and / or cell-specific signal) reporting. For example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may activate a triggered CSI reporting mode for efficient operation (e.g., in general). For example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may activate a (e.g., non-trigger-based) CSI reporting mode, such as for high traffic situations (e.g., concerts, stadiums, and the like). The WTRU 102 may recommend a preferred CSI mode via a CSI report. For example, a preferred CSI mode may be indicated by a reporting mode indicator (RMI). The RMI may be included in a (e.g., regular or non-triggered) CSI report.

[0250] In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be based on PUCCH (e.g., resources and / or transmission). A WTRU identification may be required to identify the WTRU 102 transmitting the contention-based CSI report based on an identifier (such as, configuration of a WTRU ID and / or beam group ID). For example, scrambling and / or WTRU-specific sequences of the PUCCH DMRS with a configured ID may be used, such as for formats other than PUCCH format 0 (e.g., due to the absence of a PUCCH DMRS). For example, masking a CRC with a configured ID may be used. For example, the masking may be WTRU-specific. The applicability of the masking may depend on the PUCCH transmission payload size. For example, if the payload size satisfies: payload size ≤ 11 bits, the CRC bits may not be supported. For example, if the payload size satisfies: 12 bits ≤ payload size ≤ 19 bits, a 6-bit CRC may be supported. For example, if the payload size satisfies: 20 bits ≤ payload size, an 11-bit CRC may be supported. For example, a CRC attachment for contention-based CSI reporting may depend on whether such an attachment is supported. For example, in case the payload size of the PUCCH is small (eg, below a threshold), a CRC may be added or the bit size may be increased.

[0251] For example, WTRU-specific reserved sequences and / or cyclic shifts (e.g., for ZC sequences) and / or scrambling may be used. The same scrambling format or type may be applied to PUCCH formats 3 and 4. A CSI report RNTI may be used. For example, a WTRU-specific hopping pattern and / or a group-specific hopping pattern may be used. For example, an identifier with an associated PRACH transmission and / or an associated PUSCH resource with a configuration grant may be used. Different identifiers associated with two-step RACH and / or PUSCH transmissions may be used. For example, different methods or identifiers may be used based on the WTRU state (such as whether PRACH or PUCCH (SR) is used? SR+PUCCH3 / 4?). For example, an SR signal or similar signal may be used to indicate the activation of one or more CSI reporting configurations and / or RS configurations for CSI reporting. For example, a two-step RACH process may be used for contention-based CSI reporting.

[0252] In certain representative embodiments, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered by one or more events. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered when the relationship (e.g., difference) between the (e.g., new) measured quality and the reported quality is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered when the relationship (e.g., difference) between the (e.g., new) best beam (and / or beam group) and the reported best beam (and / or beam group) is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered when a CSI-RS resource set indicator and / or a CSI-RS ID indicator may be reported. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered when the WTRU UL transmit power associated with the most recent transmission and / or CSI report is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered based on an association with a TCI state indication. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered based on an association with a preconfigured and / or defined activated TCI state (such as based on a reported CSI-RS resource set). For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered if a bit is used and / or configured to acknowledge WTRU reporting for TCI state activation. For example, contention-based CSI reporting may be triggered if a bit is used and / or configured to acknowledge WTRU reporting for best beam for TCI state indication. In addition to measurements, other events may also trigger contention-based CSI reporting, such as traffic, data arrival (e.g., associated with a beam group), priority (e.g., traffic type), unlicensed frequency usage (e.g., where the number of losses of LBT is greater than a threshold).

[0253] In the 3GPP RAN#80 meeting, a new RAN study item on New Radio (NR) beyond 52.6 was agreed. According to the survey of study item 3GPP TR 38.807 "Study on requirements for NR beyond 52.6GHz" v16.0.0, there is a minimum of 5GHz of spectrum between 57 and 64GHz available for unlicensed operation globally, while in some countries, up to 14GHz of spectrum between 57 and 71GHz is available for unlicensed operation. In addition, the survey has found that a minimum of 10GHz of spectrum between 71 to 76GHz and 81 to 86GHz is available for licensed operation globally, while in some countries, up to 18GHz of spectrum between 71 and 114.25GHz is available for licensed operation. Although the frequency range above 52.6GHz may contain larger spectrum allocations and larger bandwidths that are not available for the bands below 52.6GHz, however, the physical layer channels of NR are designed to be optimized for use below 52.6GHz.

[0254] Figure 3 is a chart illustrating available unlicensed (U) frequencies between 52.6 and 71 GHz for regions around the world.

[0255] Figure 4 is a chart illustrating available licensed (L) frequencies between 71 and 100 GHz for regions around the world.

[0256] To enable and optimize NR systems, frequencies above 52.6 GHz face more difficult challenges compared to lower frequency bands, such as higher phase noise, extreme propagation losses due to high atmospheric absorption, lower power amplifier efficiency, and strong power spectral density regulatory requirements.

[0257] Channel state information (CSI) and beam reports may be used as (e.g., basic) features to find optimized beams and / or support efficient transmission and reception (e.g., of PDSCH transmissions). Lower frequency CSI acquisition methods may not be efficient for THz band operation. In higher frequency bands, the number of antennas may increase in order to overcome increased path loss and / or maintain cell coverage. As the number of antennas increases, the number of beams also increases, and thus the WTRU 102 may require an increased number of reference signal (RS) resources and increased measurement delays. This issue may be more critical for higher frequencies because different simulated beams may not be measured simultaneously. In addition, the increased number of antennas and / or beams may require narrower beams and / or higher frequency wireless communications may be more sensitive to CSI errors, and thus a faster beam application method may be required for higher frequency (e.g., THz band) operations.

[0258] As described in more detail below, certain representative embodiments may efficiently utilize RS transmissions and CSI reporting. Certain representative embodiments may enable non-orthogonal RS transmissions / measurements and corresponding CSI reporting. In a representative embodiment, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may transmit multiple RSs (e.g., non-orthogonal to each other) to reduce the time / frequency resources used for RS transmission. The WTRU 102 may measure one or more of the multiple RSs for CSI reporting. For example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may transmit a non-orthogonal first RS (e.g., a desired signal of the WTRU 102) and a second RS (e.g., a non-orthogonal signal of the desired signal). Due to the narrow beamwidth and high path loss at higher (e.g., THz) frequencies, the WTRU 102 may measure the first RS without high interference from the second RS. Certain representative embodiments may enable contention-based CSI reporting with configured (e.g., required) CSI parameters. In a representative embodiment, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may configure one or more trigger conditions and one or more CSI reporting resources to the WTRU 102, which may be shared among multiple WTRUs 102. In the event that one or more configured trigger conditions are met, the WTRU 102 may transmit a CSI report in a CSI reporting resource. In addition, another WTRU 102 may also transmit another CSI report in a (e.g., the same or overlapping) CSI reporting resource. For example, a first WTRU 102 may transmit a first CSI report in a CSI reporting resource, and a second WTRU 102 may transmit a second CSI report in the first CSI reporting resource. Due to the narrow beamwidth and higher path loss at higher (e.g., THz) frequencies, a base station (e.g., gNB) may successfully receive and decode the first CSI report and the second CSI report using different beams.

[0259] Beams, Spatial Relationships, and Beam Designators

[0260] As described herein, the WTRU 102 may transmit or receive a physical channel and / or a reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term "beam" may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter. Beam and spatial domain filter may be used interchangeably herein.

[0261] As described herein, the WTRU 102 may transmit a physical channel and / or signal using the same spatial domain filters used to receive RS (e.g., CSI-RS) and / or SS blocks. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as a "target" and the received RS and / or SS blocks may be referred to as a "reference" or "source." For example, it may be said that the WTRU 102 transmits a target physical channel and / or signal based on a spatial relationship to the reference of the source (e.g., RS and / or SS blocks).

[0262] As described herein, the WTRU 102 may transmit a first physical channel and / or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as used to transmit a second physical channel and / or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as a "target" and a "reference" (or "source"), respectively. For example, the WTRU 102 may transmit a first (e.g., target) physical channel and / or signal according to a spatial relationship to a reference of a second (e.g., reference) physical channel and / or signal.

[0263] In certain representative embodiments, the spatial relationship may be implicit, configured by RRC and / or signaled by MAC CE or DCI. For example, the WTRU 102 may implicitly transmit the PUSCH transmission and the DM-RS(s) for the PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as the SRS indicated by the SRI indicated in the DCI and / or configured by RRC. In another example, the spatial relationship may be configured by RRC for an SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) and / or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH transmission. As described herein, the spatial relationship may also be referred to as a "beam indication."

[0264] As described herein, the WTRU 102 may receive a first (e.g., target) downlink channel and / or signal based on the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameters as a second (e.g., reference) downlink channel and / or signal. For example, there may be an association between a physical channel (such as a PDCCH or PDSCH) and its corresponding (one or more) DM-RS. Such an association may exist when the WTRU 102 is configured with a quasi-co-located (QCL) assumption type D between the corresponding antenna ports, at least when the first and second signals are reference signals. In certain representative embodiments, the association may be configured as a TCI state. The WTRU 102 may receive an indication of an association between a CSI-RS (and / or SS block) and a DM-RS via an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by a MAC CE. As described herein, such an indication may also be referred to as a "beam indication."

[0265] Configuration for CSI measurement and reporting

[0266] As described herein, a reference signal (RS) may be used interchangeably with and / or refer to any of the following: a sounding reference signal (SRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS), and / or a synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0267] As described herein, channel and / or transmission may be used interchangeably with and / or refer to any of the following: PDCCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PUSCH and / or PRACH.

[0268] As described herein, an RS resource set may be used interchangeably with and / or refer to an RS resource and / or a beam group.

[0269] As described herein, CSI reporting may be used interchangeably with and / or refer to CSI measurement, beam reporting, and / or beam measurement.

[0270] As described herein, RS resource set may be used interchangeably with RS ID.

[0271] Configuration for CSI and / or beam reporting

[0272] In certain representative embodiments, one or more of the following configurations may be used for CSI and / or beam reporting configurations. The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI reporting configurations. The CSI reporting configuration may include any (e.g., one or more) of the following: (1) reporting configuration type (e.g., periodic, semi-persistent on PUCCH, semi-persistent on PUSCH, and / or aperiodic), (2) number of reports (e.g., CRI-RI-PMI-CQI, CRI-RI-i1, CRI-RI-i1-CQI, CRI-RSRP, SSB-Index-RSRP, CRI-RI-LI-PMI-CQI, CRI-SINR, and / or SSB-Index-SINR), (3) reporting frequency rate configuration (e.g., CQI format indicator (wideband CQI or subband CQI), PMI format indicator (e.g., wideband PMI or subband PMI) and / or CSI reporting band), (4) time limit for channel measurement, (5) time limit for interference measurement, (6) codebook configuration, (7) group-based beam reporting, (8) CQI table, (9) subband size, (10) non-PMI port indication, (11) reporting time slot configuration and / or offset list, (12) CSI reporting period and / or offset, (13) PUCCH resources for CSI reporting, and / or (14) port index.

[0273] Configuration for CSI measurement

[0274] In certain representative embodiments, one or more of the following configurations may be used for measurement configurations for CSI and / or beam reporting. The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI measurement configurations. The CSI measurement configuration may include any (e.g., one or more) of the following: (1) RS for channel measurement, (2) RS for interference measurement (e.g., zero power or non-zero power), (3) report trigger size, (4) aperiodic trigger state list, (5) semi-persistent trigger state list on PUSCH, (6) any associated CSI resource configuration, and / or (7) any associated CSI report configuration.

[0275] Used for CSI resource configuration

[0276] In certain representative embodiments, one or more of the following configurations may be used for CSI resource configuration. The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI resource configurations. The CSI resource configuration may include any (e.g., one or more) of the following: (1) CSI resource configuration ID, (2) RS resource set for channel measurement, (3) RS resource set for interference measurement, (4) bandwidth part ID, and / or (5) resource type (e.g., aperiodic, semi-persistent, or periodic).

[0277] Configuration for CSI resource sets

[0278] In certain representative embodiments, one or more of the following configurations may be used for a CSI resource set. The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more CSI resource sets. The CSI resource configuration may include any (e.g., one or more) of the following: (1) an RS resource set ID, (2) (one or more) RS resources of the RS resource set, (3) repetition (i.e., on or off), (4) aperiodic trigger offset (e.g., a number of time slots, such as 0 to 6 time slots), and / or (5) TRS information (e.g., true or false).

[0279] Configuration for RS resources

[0280] In certain representative embodiments, one or more of the following configurations may be used for RS resources. The WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more RS resources. The RS resource configuration may include any (e.g., one or more) of the following: (1) RS resource ID, (2) resource mapping (e.g., REs in PRBs), (3) power control offset (e.g., values ​​such as -8 to 15), (4) power control offset with SS (e.g., -3 dB, 0 dB, 3 dB, 6 dB), (5) scrambling ID, (6) periodicity and / or offset, and / or (7) QCL information (e.g., based on TCI state).

[0281] Mode of operation for hybrid operation of non-orthogonal RS measurements and / or contention-based CSI reporting

[0282] In certain representative embodiments, one or more of the modes of operation may be used for (e.g., non-orthogonal) RS measurements and / or contention-based CSI reporting. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the mode of operation (e.g., from a plurality of possible modes) based on CSI and / or beam reporting configurations, CSI measurement configurations, CSI resources, RS resources, RS resource sets, and / or any information associated with or indicated by the foregoing.

[0283] In certain representative embodiments, a mode of operation may be determined based on a number of configured RS resource sets associated with one or more of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, and / or a CSI resource configuration. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one RS resource set associated with one or more of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, and / or a CSI resource configuration, and the WTRU 102 may determine a first mode of operation (e.g., orthogonal RS transmission and / or normal CSI reporting). For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with two or more RS resource sets associated with one or more of the CSI reporting configurations, and the WTRU 102 may determine a second mode of operation (e.g., non-orthogonal RS measurement and / or contention-based CSI reporting).

[0284] In certain representative embodiments, a mode of operation may be determined based on a number of configured periods and offsets of an RS resource set and / or CSI reporting associated with any of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, a CSI resource configuration, an RS resource set, and / or an RS resource. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one period and / or offset associated with one or more of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, and / or a CSI resource configuration, and the WTRU 102 may determine a first mode of operation (e.g., orthogonal RS transmission and / or normal CSI reporting). For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with two or more periods and / or offsets associated with one or more of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, and / or a CSI resource configuration, and the WTRU 102 may determine a second mode of operation (e.g., non-orthogonal RS measurement and / or contention-based CSI reporting).

[0285] In certain representative embodiments, the mode of operation may be determined based on the number of configured RS IDs associated with the RS resources. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one RS ID associated with the RS resources, and the WTRU 102 may determine a first mode of operation (e.g., orthogonal RS transmission and / or normal CSI reporting). For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with two or more RS IDs associated with the RS resources, and the WTRU 102 may determine a second mode of operation (e.g., non-orthogonal RS measurement and / or contention-based CSI reporting).

[0286] In certain representative embodiments, a mode of operation may be determined based on a plurality of configured TCI states associated with an RS resource. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one TCI state associated with an RS resource, and the WTRU 102 may determine a first mode of operation (e.g., orthogonal RS transmission and / or normal CSI reporting). For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with two or more TCI states associated with an RS resource, and the WTRU 102 may determine a second mode of operation (e.g., non-orthogonal RS measurement and / or contention-based CSI reporting).

[0287] In certain representative embodiments, a mode of operation may be determined based on an association between one or more of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, and / or a CSI resource configuration. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a first CSI reporting configuration that is not associated with any other CSI reporting configuration, and the WTRU 102 may determine a first mode of operation. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a first CSI reporting configuration that is associated with a second CSI reporting configuration (e.g., for non-orthogonal RS measurements and / or contention-based CSI reporting), and the WTRU 102 may determine a second mode of operation.

[0288] In certain representative embodiments, the mode of operation may be determined based on data traffic (e.g., data rate, packet arrival rate, packet transmission rate, average, minimum, and / or maximum thereof). For example, the WTRU 102 may be scheduled with packets having a packet arrival rate less than or equal to a threshold (e.g., for one or more of DL, UL, and SL), and the WTRU 102 may determine a first mode of operation. For example, the WTRU 102 may be scheduled with packets having a packet arrival rate greater than a threshold (e.g., for one or more of DL, UL, and SL), and the WTRU 102 may determine a second mode of operation.

[0289] In certain representative embodiments, the mode of operation may be determined based on the configured report quantity of the CSI reporting configuration. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a first CSI reporting configuration (e.g., without an RS resource set indicator, an RS ID indicator, and / or an RS resource ID indicator), and the WTRU 102 may determine a first mode of operation. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a second CSI reporting configuration (e.g., with an RS resource set indicator, an RS ID indicator, and / or an RS resource ID indicator), and the WTRU 102 may determine a second mode of operation.

[0290] In certain representative embodiments, the mode of operation may be determined based on the configuration of contention-based CSI reporting resources. For example, the WTRU 102 may not be configured with a first type (e.g., normal or non-contention based) of CSI reporting resources, and the WTRU 102 may determine the mode of operation to be a first mode of operation. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a second type (e.g., contention based) of CSI reporting resources, and the WTRU 102 may determine the mode of operation to be a second mode of operation.

[0291] In certain representative embodiments, the mode of operation may be determined based on WTRU capabilities and a configuration received from a base station (e.g., a gNB) based on a WTRU capability report.

[0292] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may request and / or indicate a preferred mode of operation for CSI measurement and reporting. For example, the WTRU 102 may be able to support multiple modes of operation (e.g., normal CSI measurement / reporting and non-orthogonal RS measurement / contention-based CSI reporting) and measurements at the WTRU 102. The WTRU 102 may indicate a preferred mode of operation to a base station (e.g., a gNB). For example, in a case where the traffic measured from other WTRUs 102 and / or base stations is greater than a threshold, the WTRU 102 may indicate a preference for a first mode of operation (e.g., normal CSI measurement and reporting) as the preferred mode of operation. In a case where the measured traffic is less than or equal to a threshold, the WTRU 102 may indicate a preference for a second mode of operation (e.g., non-orthogonal RS measurement and / or contention-based CSI reporting).

[0293] In certain representative embodiments, the threshold may be based on any one of a predefined value, a value preconfigured and / or indicated by the gNB (e.g., based on one or more of RRC, MAC CE, and DCI), and / or a value determined by the WTRU 102.

[0294] Non-orthogonal RS measurements

[0295] Sharing RS resource sets for multiple beam groups

[0296] Association between two or more RS sets and any one of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, and / or a CSI resource configuration

[0297] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured with two or more RS resource sets and / or two or more RS IDs for CSI / beam measurement. Two or more RS resource sets (or RS IDs) may be configured and / or associated with any one of (one or more) CSI reporting configurations, (one or more) CSI measurement configurations, and / or (one or more) CSI resource configurations. Figure 3 As shown in , multiple beam groups can be associated with multiple CSI-RS resource sets. In other examples, multiple beam groups can be associated with multiple RS resource sets.

[0298] For example, two or more RS resource sets and / or two or more RS IDs (e.g., for channel measurement and / or interference measurement) may be associated with a CSI reporting configuration at the WTRU 102 (e.g., by configuring two or more RS resource set IDs and / or RS IDs) (e.g., configured by a base station). Each of the two or more RS resource sets may be associated with two or more CSI reporting configurations. For example, a first RS resource set may be associated with a first CSI reporting configuration (e.g., more frequent and / or periodic / semi-persistent reporting). For example, a second RS resource set may be associated with a second CSI reporting configuration (e.g., less frequent and / or semi-persistent / aperiodic reporting).

[0299] For example, two or more RS resource sets and / or two or more RS IDs (e.g., for channel measurement and / or interference measurement) may be associated with a CSI measurement configuration (e.g., by configuring two or more RS resource set IDs and / or RSIDs). Each of the two or more RS resource sets may be associated with two or more CSI measurement configurations. For example, a first RS resource set may be associated with a first CSI measurement configuration. A second RS resource set may be associated with a second CSI measurement configuration.

[0300] For example, two or more RS resource sets and / or two or more RS IDs (e.g., for channel measurement and / or interference measurement) may be associated with a CSI resource configuration (e.g., by configuring two or more RS resource set IDs and / or RSIDs). Each of the two or more RS resource sets may be associated with two or more CSI resource configurations. For example, a first RS resource set may be associated with a first CSI resource configuration, and a second RS resource set may be associated with a second CSI resource configuration.

[0301] In certain representative embodiments, the association of two or more RS resource sets and / or RS IDs may be configured by RRC and indicated by a MAC CE and / or DCI from a base station (e.g., gNB).

[0302] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more of two or more RS resource sets and / or one or more RS IDs of two or more RS IDs based on a configuration (e.g., any of (one or more) CSI reporting configurations, (one or more) CSI measurement configurations, and / or (one or more) CSI resource configurations).

[0303] For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured with a first RS resource set and a second RS resource set. The WTRU 102 may measure the first RS resource set (e.g., a more frequent measurement) for a first CSI report (e.g., a more frequent report). Based on the measurement, the WTRU 102 may report the first CSI report in the first CSI reporting resource. The WTRU 102 may measure both the first RS resource and the second RS resource (e.g., a less frequent measurement) for a second CSI report (e.g., a less frequent report). Based on the measurement, the WTRU 102 may report the second CSI report in the second CSI reporting resource. The configuration of the second RS resource set may be based on the first RS resource set. For example, the period and / or offset of the second RS resource set may be a multiple of the period and offset of the first RS resource set.

[0304] For example, any (e.g., each) RS resource of the first RS resource set may be associated with any (e.g., each) RS resource of the second RS resource set. The WTRU 102 may determine the configuration of the RS resources of any (e.g., each) second RS resource set based on the association. For example, the period and / or offset of the RS resources in the second RS resource set may be a multiple of the period and / or offset of the associated RS in the first RS resource. For example, the resource mapping of any RS resource in the second RS resource set may be based on the resource mapping of any associated RS in the first RS resource (e.g., the same as the resource mapping of any associated RS in the first RS resource). For example, the power control offset of any RS resource in the second RS resource set may be based on the power control offset of any associated RS in the first RS resource (e.g., the same as the power control offset of any associated RS in the first RS resource). For example, the power control offset of the RS resource in the second RS resource set may be based on the configuration difference of the power control offset of the associated RS in the first RS resource. For example, QCL information of RS resources (eg, except QCL Type-D) in the second RS resource set may be based on QCL information (eg, the same as QCL information) of associated RSs except QCL Type-D in the first RS resource.

[0305] For example, the first CSI report may be based on a normal CSI reporting method (eg, periodic, semi-static, and aperiodic CSI reporting), while the second CSI report may be based on a different CSI reporting method, such as contention-based CSI reporting.

[0306] For example, the transmission type of the first RS resource set and the second RS resource set may be different. As an example, the transmission type of the first RS resource set may be periodic or semi-persistent, while the transmission type of the second RS resource set may be different (e.g., semi-persistent or aperiodic).

[0307] In certain representative embodiments, the second RS resource set and / or the second CSI report may be activated and / or triggered based on one or more criteria being met. For example, the trigger may be based on the measured quality (e.g., CQI, (L1-) SINR, (L1-) RSRP) of one or more resources of the first RS resource set being greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0308] In some embodiments, the second RS resource set may be activated / triggered if at least one quality of the first RS resource set is less than or equal to a threshold. For example, when the WTRU 102 reports CSI with a quality less than or equal to the threshold, the WTRU 102 may receive the second RS resource set based on the configuration (e.g., in the latest resource after the WTRU reporting time plus the processing time associated with the second RS resource set configuration). For example, the second CSI report may be activated / triggered if the quality of the first RS resource set is less than or equal to the threshold. In an example, when the WTRU 102 reports CSI with a quality less than or equal to the threshold, the WTRU 102 may report the second CSI report based on the configuration (e.g., using contention-based CSI reporting).

[0309] In some embodiments, the quality of the second set of RS resources may be (e.g., determined to be) greater than or equal to the quality of the first set of RS resources. For example, the second CSI report may be activated / triggered if the quality of the first set of RS resources is less than the quality of the second set of RS resources. For example, when the WTRU 102 reports CSI with a quality less than or equal to a threshold, the WTRU 102 may report the second CSI report based on the configuration.

[0310] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more qualities of the RS resource set using one or more of a maximum value, a minimum value, and / or an average value of the quality of one or more resources in the RS resource set. For example, the method for determining the quality (e.g., the maximum value, the minimum value, and / or the average value) of any resource may be configured by a base station (e.g., a gNB via an RRC and / or MAC CE).

[0311] In some embodiments, the second set of RS resources may be activated / triggered if a new best beam and / or beam group is determined. For example, the second set of RS resources may be activated / triggered if the WTRU 102 finds one or more best new beams and / or beam groups. When the WTRU 102 reports CSI with one or more best new beams and / or beam groups (e.g., which may be different from the best beams and / or beam groups previously reported), the WTRU 102 may receive the second set of RS resources based on the configuration (e.g., in the latest resources after the WTRU reporting time plus the processing time associated with the second set of RS resources configuration). For example, the second CSI report may be activated / triggered if the WTRU 102 finds one or more best new beams and / or beam groups. When the WTRU 102 identifies CSI with one or more best new beams and / or beam groups (e.g., which may be different from the best beams and / or beam groups previously reported), the WTRU 102 may report the second CSI report based on the configuration (e.g., based on contention-based CSI reporting).

[0312] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that the difference between the reported quality and the newly measured quality is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, in the case where the reported quality of the first RS resource set minus the newly measured quality of the first RS resource set is greater than a threshold, the second RS resource set may be activated / triggered. For example, when the WTRU 102 reports CSI having a quality that is XdB (e.g., a threshold) lower than the previously reported quality, the WTRU 102 may receive the second RS resource set based on the configuration (e.g., in the nearest resource after the WTRU reporting time plus the processing time associated with the second RS resource set configuration). For example, in the case where the reported quality of the first RS resource set minus the (e.g., new) measured quality of the first RS resource set is greater than or equal to a threshold, the second CSI report may be activated / triggered. For example, when the WTRU 102 identifies CSI having a quality that is XdB (e.g., a threshold) lower than the previously reported quality, the WTRU 102 may report a second CSI report based on the configuration (e.g., using contention-based CSI reporting).

[0313] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that the difference between the reported best beam and / or beam group and the new best beam and / or beam group is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, a second RS resource set may be activated / triggered when the WTRU 102 reports a new best beam (e.g., via a CRI). For example, when the WTRU 102 reports a new CRI that is different from the previously reported CRI, the WTRU 102 may receive the second RS resource set based on the configuration (e.g., in the nearest resource after the WTRU report + the processing time configured according to the second RS resource set). For example, a second CSI report may be activated / triggered when the WTRU 102 reports a new best beam (e.g., via a CRI). In an example, when the WTRU 102 identifies the CSI with a new CRI (e.g., which is different from the previously reported CRI), the WTRU 102 may report a second CSI report based on the configuration (e.g., using contention-based CSI reporting).

[0314] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that a UL transmission power associated with a (e.g., most recent) transmission (e.g., any of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, and / or SRS) is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the second RS resource set may be activated / triggered if the UL transmission power associated with one or more (e.g., most recent) transmissions is greater than or equal to the threshold. For example, the second CSI report may be activated / triggered if the UL transmission power associated with one or more (e.g., most recent) transmissions is greater than or equal to the threshold.

[0315] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that the measured and / or reported interference is greater than a threshold. For example, the second RS resource set may be activated / triggered in the event that the measured interference is greater than a threshold. For example, in the event that the measured interference based on the measurement of the interference measurement resources associated with the first RS resource set is greater than a threshold, the WTRU 102 may activate the second RS resource set. For example, in the event that the measured interference is greater than or equal to a threshold, the second RS CSI report may be activated / triggered. For example, in the event that the measured interference based on the measurement of the interference measurement resources associated with the first RS resource set is greater than a threshold, the WTRU 102 may activate the second CSI report.

[0316] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that the scheduled traffic (e.g., the amount of scheduled traffic) is less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the second RS resource set may be activated / triggered if the scheduled traffic (e.g., associated with any resource set and / or channel) satisfies a condition (e.g., a threshold).

[0317] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that the data arrival rate is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the second RS resource set may be activated / triggered if the data arrival rate (eg, associated with any resource set and / or channel) does not meet the threshold.

[0318] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that the number of LBT failures is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, a second RS resource set may be activated / triggered if the number of LBT failures (e.g., associated with any resource set and / or channel) meets a condition (e.g., a threshold).

[0319] In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine that the priority of the scheduled traffic is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the second RS resource set may be activated / triggered when the scheduled traffic (e.g., associated with one or more channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH and / or PSSCH)) does not meet the threshold.

[0320] In certain representative embodiments, the first CSI report and / or the second CSI report may be based on any of the following: (1) contention-based CSI reporting, (2) an RS resource set indicator, (3) an RS ID indicator, (4) a combination of information associated with the RS resource set indicator and the RS resource set, (5) a generic RS resource index applicable and / or associated with any (e.g., all) configurations, (6) a CSI measurement reset (e.g., for a previously measured CSI-RS resource set with a previous CSI-RS ID), and / or (7) any CSI parameter.

[0321] For example, the WTRU 102 may indicate one or more preferred RS resource sets to the gNB based on one or more measurements. The WTRU 102 may indicate one or more explicit RS resource set IDs to indicate the preferred RS resource set. The WTRU 102 may toggle one or more indicator bits to indicate that a new CSI report is based on a different RS resource set than a previous CSI report.

[0322] For example, the WTRU 102 may indicate to the base station (e.g., gNB) one of the RS IDs in the indicated CSI-RS resource set. The WTRU 102 may indicate using an explicit ID or a switch.

[0323] For example, the WTRU 102 may jointly indicate one or more preferred RS resource sets and one or more preferred RS resource IDs for any (eg, each) of the one or more preferred RS resource sets.

[0324] For example, the WTRU 102 may report one or more generalized RS resource indexes that may be counted across all configurations (e.g., one or more of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, and / or a CSI resource configuration). The reported one or more generalized RS resource indexes may indicate a preferred RS resource set based on an association with another RS ​​resource set.

[0325] For example, the WTRU 102 may report one or more CSI parameters such as CRI, SSBRI, RI, LI, PMI, CQI, L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR with (e.g., in addition to) an RS resource set indicator and / or an RS ID indicator. Any (e.g., each) CSI parameter may be based on or associated with a measurement of the reported RS resource set and / or RS ID.

[0326] Base station confirmation of WTRU-centric RS changes

[0327] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may modify CSI measurement and reporting behavior with respect to at least one set of CSI-RS resources upon receiving an implicit or explicit indication (e.g., from a physical layer or MAC signaling). A change in CSI measurement and reporting behavior (e.g., mode) may be referred to herein as a "CSI change". In certain representative embodiments, a CSI change may include activation and triggering and / or reporting of a set of RS resources as described above. For example, the CSI change may include any of the following: (1) initiating CSI measurement on a first set of RS resources, (2) stopping CSI measurement on a second set of RS resources, (3) modifying a set of timings (e.g., periodicity and / or offset) for a set of RS resources, (4) initiating (or activating) CSI reporting for a first CSI reporting configuration, (5) stopping (or deactivating) CSI reporting for a second CSI reporting configuration, (6) modifying a set of timings (e.g., periodicity and / or offset) for reporting CSI for the CSI reporting configuration, (7) modifying a state associated with a set of RS resources (e.g., from a "monitoring" state to an "active" state), and / or (8) modifying a state associated with a CSI reporting configuration (e.g., from a "monitoring" state to an "active" state).

[0328] Implicit indication based on the indicated TCI status

[0329] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may apply a CSI change upon receiving information indicating a TCI state applicable to a channel. For example, the PDCCH indicates a certain TCI state applicable to any one of the PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH and / or PUCCH. For example, the configuration of the TCI state may include an identification (e.g., ID) of the associated RS resource set and / or a CSI-RS reporting configuration. Upon receiving MAC and / or DCI signaling indicating a TCI state, the WTRU 102 may change the state of the associated RS resource set to an active state and change the state of other RS ​​resource sets to an inactive and / or monitoring state.

[0330] In certain representative embodiments, the configuration of the TCI state may include a group identification parameter. For example, any (e.g., each) RS resource set and / or CSI-RS report configuration may include a group identification parameter. The group identification parameter may be indicated (e.g., implicitly or explicitly) from the RRC configuration. For example, the first and second groups of TCI states may correspond to the first and second groups, respectively, and the first and second groups of CSI resource sets may correspond to the first and second groups, respectively. For example, upon receiving MAC and / or DCI signaling indicating a TCI state, the WTRU 102 may change the state of any (e.g., all) RS resource sets and / or CSI-RS report configurations with corresponding group identification parameters to an active state, and / or may change the state of other RS ​​resource sets and / or CSI-RS report configurations to an inactive or monitoring state.

[0331] Implicit Indication Based on Core Set and Search Space

[0332] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may apply a CSI change upon receiving a transmission (e.g., a PDCCH transmission) from a (e.g., a specific) Coreset and / or search space. For example, the configuration of a Coreset may include an identification of an associated RS resource set and / or may include a group identification parameter as previously described for TCI states. As another example, a CSI resource set and / or a CSI reporting configuration may include an identification of a Coreset.

[0333] Explicit indication or confirmation

[0334] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may apply the CSI change based on an explicit indication (such as an indication contained in a MAC CE and / or DCI). For example, the indication may include or be associated with a set of RS resource sets and / or CSI reporting configurations and corresponding states. The indication may include (e.g., only include) a set of RS resource sets and / or CSI reporting configurations for which the state should be set to the active state (e.g., the remaining sets may be changed to the inactive or monitoring state).

[0335] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may apply a CSI change based on information included by the WTRU 102 in a report and an acknowledgement (e.g., received via a DCI and / or MAC CE). The WTRU 102 may first report CSI information for the first and second RS resource sets. For example, the CSI information may include any of: (1) an indication of the (e.g., best) RS resource set, (2) an indication of the RS (e.g., CSI-RS or SSB, via a CRI) per RS ​​resource set or across RS resource sets, and / or (3) at least one corresponding measurement (e.g., CSI-RSRP or CSI-SINR). Thereafter, the WTRU 102 may then receive an acknowledgement (e.g., via a DCI and / or MAC CE) that confirms the CSI change based on the reported information. For example, the WTRU 102 may report the best RS as part of the first RS resource set and may subsequently receive a DCI and / or MAC CE with an acknowledgement. The WTRU 102 may change the state of the first RS resource set to an active state and / or change the state of the other RS ​​resource sets to an inactive or monitoring state. The WTRU 102 may apply changes corresponding to WTRU reports and / or requests transmitted in time slot "n" for which the WTRU 102 has received an acknowledgement between time slot "n+K1" and time slot "n+K2". For example, "K1" may be predefined and / or "K2" may depend on the periodicity of the CSI report configuration.

[0336] QCL Type-D determination based on non-orthogonal RS measurement

[0337] As described herein, the terms RS resources, channels and / or signals may be used interchangeably.

[0338] As described herein, the terms source reference signal, TCI state, QCL Type-D, Rx beam index, Tx beam index, Rx spatial filter and / or beam may be used interchangeably.

[0339] In certain representative embodiments, the RS resource may be configured with a TCI state (e.g., TCI-StateId). For example, the TCI state may indicate an associated source RS (e.g., SSB, TRS, and / or periodic CSI-RS) to determine one or more QCL parameters for reception and / or measurement of the RS resource. The WTRU 102 may receive and / or measure the RS resource using one or more QCL parameters determined from a source reference signal. For example, the TCI state may be associated with a reference signal (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, etc.). For example, the QCL parameters may include any one of Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and / or spatial Rx parameters. For example, the source reference signal may be at least one of SSB, TRS, CSI-RS, SRS, PRS, and / or DM-RS.

[0340] In certain representative embodiments, RS resources may be configured and / or associated with one or more TCI states. At a given time, a single TCI state among the configured and / or associated TCI states may be determined to receive and / or measure RS resources. For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured to measure RS resources, and the RS resources may be configured and / or associated with one or more TCI states. The WTRU 102 may determine the TCI state among the configured and / or associated TCI states to measure RS resources based on one or more criteria and / or parameters.

[0341] For example, in the case where measurement of RS resources is triggered, the WTRU 102 may use the associated (e.g., PDCCH) search space and / or CORESET to determine a TCI state among the configured and / or associated TCI states. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a DCI that may trigger measurement of RS resources. In the case where RS resources are associated with more than one TCI state, the WTRU 102 may determine which TCI state to use for RS resource measurement based on the associated PDCCH search space and / or CORESET.

[0342] For example, the WTRU 102 may use an associated coresetPoolIndex to determine a TCI state in a configured and / or associated TCI state. For example, one or more CORESETs may be used and each CORESET may be associated with a coresetPoolIndex. When the WTRU 102 receives a DCI that triggers RS resource measurements, the DCI may be received in a PDCCH search space (e.g., with a corresponding CORESET). The associated coresetPoolIndex of the DCI may be referred to as the coresetPoolIndex used, configured, or determined for the corresponding CORESET.

[0343] Each TCI state may be associated with a coresetPoolIndex. In the event that the WTRU 102 receives a DCI in a search space associated with a CORESET having a first coresetPoolIndex (e.g., PDCCH), the WTRU 102 may determine a first TCI state in the associated TCI states for measurement of RS resources. In the event that the WTRU 102 receives a DCI in a search space associated with a CORESET having a second coresetPoolIndex (e.g., PDCCH), the WTRU 102 may determine a second TCI state in the associated TCI states for measurement of RS resources.

[0344] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine a TCI state in a configured and / or associated TCI state using an associated RS resource set index. For example, one or more RS resource sets may be used, and any (e.g., each) RS resource set may be associated with any (e.g., each) TCI state in a configured TCI state. The WTRU 102 may determine a TCI state associated with an RS resource set index in a WTRU report (e.g., a CSI report). For example, the associated RS resource set may be determined based on a reported (e.g., generalized) RS resource index that counts across all associated configurations from the WTRU 102. For example, the associated RS resource set may be determined based on a RS resource set indicator and joint information of the RS resource set from the WTRU 102. For example, the associated RS resource set may be determined based on an indication (e.g., from a base station). For example, the gNB may indicate (e.g., based on one or more of an RRC, a MAC CE, and / or a DCI) an RS resource set index, and the WTRU 102 may determine a TCI state in a configured TCI state associated with the RS resource set index.

[0345] For example, the WTRU 102 may determine a TCI state among the configured and / or associated TCI states using an associated RS ID. For example, one or more RS IDs may be used, and each RS ID may be associated with any (e.g., each) TCI state among the configured TCI states. The WTRU 102 may determine the TCI state associated with the RS ID in a WTRU report (e.g., a CSI report). The associated RS ID may be determined based on an indication (e.g., from a base station). For example, the gNB may indicate (e.g., based on one or more of RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI) an RS ID, and the WTRU 102 may determine the TCI state among the configured TCI states associated with the RS ID.

[0346] For example, the WTRU 102 may use an associated RS resource ID to determine a TCI state among the configured and / or associated TCI states. For example, one or more RS resource IDs may be used, and any (e.g., each) RS resource ID may be associated with any (e.g., each) TCI state among the configured TCI states. The WTRU 102 may report its preferred RS resource ID and / or may be instructed (e.g., by a base station) an RS resource ID for operation.

[0347] For example, the WTRU 102 may use a (e.g., PDCCH) search space and / or CORESET identifier to determine a TCI state in a configured and / or associated TCI state. Any (e.g., each) TCI state may be associated with a (e.g., associated) search space and / or CORESET identifier. The WTRU 102 may determine a TCI state in an associated TCI state based on the search space identifier and / or CORESET identifier in which the WTRU 102 may receive a DCI (such as a DCI triggering RS resource measurement).

[0348] For example, the WTRU 102 may use time and / or location information to determine a TCI state in a configured and / or associated TCI state, such as a location at which the WTRU 102 may receive or measure RS resources. For example, the WTRU 102 may receive / measure RS resources in a first time location (e.g., a time slot, a symbol, a radio frame, a subframe, or a transmission time interval (TTI)), and the WTRU 102 may determine a first TCI state in the associated TCI state. The WTRU 102 may receive / measure RS resources in a second time location, and the WTRU 102 may determine a second (e.g., different) TCI state in the associated TCI state. The first time location and the second time location may be determined based on a time index (e.g., a time slot index, a radio frame number, a SFN).

[0349] For example, the WTRU 102 may use a physical cell id (PCID) to determine a TCI state in a configured and / or associated TCI state. The physical cell id may be determined or used for PDCCH and / or PDSCH reception in a time location (e.g., time slot) such as a location where the WTRU 102 may receive or measure RS resources. As described herein, the physical cell id (PCID) may be used interchangeably with TRP-id, virtual cell ID, CoresetPoolIndex, beam index, beam group index, BWP-id and / or carrier id.

[0350] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured with one or more time windows. The WTRU 102 may perform measurements of RS resources with all TCI states configured in a first time window. The WTRU 102 may determine the TCI state using measurements in the first time window for performing measurements of RS resources in a second time window. In some embodiments, the TCI state may be determined using any one of a time index, a TCI state, and / or an expiration of a configured and / or predetermined time window (e.g., a period). For example, in a first time window, the TCI state of the RS resource may be determined based on a time index (e.g., a symbol number, a time slot number, a subframe number, a radio frame number, and / or a SFN). The WTRU 102 may report the TCI state determined in the first time window. For example, in a second time window, the TCI state of the RS resource may be based on the TCI state determined in the associated first time window. The WTRU 102 may report CSI reporting quantities (e.g., PMI, RI, CQI, CRI, etc.) based on the measurement of the RS resources, and the WTRU 102 may also report the determined TCI state for the RS resource measurement in the second time window. As described herein, the time window may be used interchangeably with a timer, a counter, and / or a time duration or interval.

[0351] In certain representative embodiments, a scrambling ID for an RS resource may be determined based on a (e.g., determined) TCI state. For example, an RS resource may be associated with one or more TCI states (e.g., by configuration), and one of the associated TCI states may be determined for the WTRU 102 to receive / measure the RS resource in certain time and / or frequency resources. The scrambling ID for an RS resource in a time and / or frequency resource location may be determined based on the TCI state. As described herein, the terms "scrambling ID," "sequence ID," "sequence initialization ID," "C_init," and / or "scrambling sequence" may be used interchangeably.

[0352] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured with RS resources without QCL Type-D information (and / or TCI status). The WTRU 102 may determine the QCL Type-D (and / or TCI status) of the RS resources, such as when performing measurements based on one or more other uses of the QCL information elsewhere by the WTRU. For example, the QCL Type-D of a channel in a timeslot (e.g., for PDSCH or PDCCH) may be used to determine the QCL Type-D used to measure and / or receive the RS resources. The WTRU 102 may measure the RS resources in a timeslot and may determine the QCL Type-D of the RS resources as the QCL Type-D used for channel transmissions (e.g., PDCCH and / or PDSCH) in the same timeslot as the RS resources. For example, the latest QCL Type-D determined in an earlier timeslot may be used to determine the QCL Type-D used to measure and / or receive the RS resources. For example, the QCL Type-D of the RS resources may be determined or indicated dynamically (e.g., via DCI) over time. Once a QCL Type-D is determined or indicated, it may be used until the WTRU 102 is configured or indicated with a new QCL Type-D. For example, a QCL Type-D determined and / or associated with a search space in which the WTRU 102 may receive DCI (e.g., triggering measurement of RS resources) may be used to determine a QCL Type-D for measuring and / or receiving RS resources. The WTRU 102 may be triggered to measure RS resources in the associated DCI and may monitor the DCI in the search space. The QCL Type-D used to monitor the DCI may be used or determined for RS resources.

[0353] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured with RS resources having one or more TCI states (and / or QCLType-D). The first TCI state may be a (e.g., default) TCI state that may be used when no other (e.g., specific) TCI state is determined. For example, the TCI state of the RS resource may be determined based on the TCI state used for another transmission (e.g., PDCCH and / or PDSCH) that may be received or monitored in the same timeslot in which the WTRU 102 may also measure the RS resource. If there is no (e.g., PDCCH and / or PDSCH) reception in the timeslot in which the WTRU 102 may receive or measure the RS resource, the WTRU 102 may determine to use the default TCI state of the RS resource.

[0354] Contention-based CSI reporting

[0355] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured and / or indicated with one or more common reporting resources for multiple WTRUs 102 for CSI reporting (e.g., based on one or more of RRC, MAC CE, and / or DCI). Based on the configuration, the WTRU 102 may transmit the CSI report in the one or more common reporting resources for multiple WTRUs 102 by transmitting one or more channels and / or signals (e.g., to the gNB). The WTRU 102 may transmit the CSI report when one or more of the predefined or configured conditions are met. The transmission of the CSI report may be activated and / or triggered using one or more of the following conditions.

[0356] For example, a quality based on measurements of one or more resources in the RS resource set (e.g., CQI, (L1-)SINR and / or (L1-)RSRP) being less than or equal to a threshold (e.g., causing a CSI report to be transmitted) may be used.

[0357] For example, a condition that the quality to be reported (eg, CQI, (L1-)SINR and / or (L1-)RSRP) is less than or equal to a threshold (eg, causing a CSI report to be transmitted) may be used.

[0358] For example, to determine one or more qualities of the RS resource set, one or more of the maximum value, minimum value, and / or average value of the quality of one or more resources in the RS resource set may be used. A determination method of the quality (e.g., the maximum value, minimum value, and / or average value) may be configured (e.g., by the gNB via RRC and / or MAC CE).

[0359] For example, a relationship between the reported quality and the newly measured quality relative to a threshold may be used (e.g., causing the CSI report to be transmitted). As an example, contention-based CSI reporting may be activated and / or triggered when: (1) the difference between an earlier reported quality of an RS resource set and / or resource (e.g., in a previous reporting instance) and (2) a newly measured quality of a first RS resource set is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, when the WTRU 102 reports CSI having a quality that is X dB (e.g., a threshold) lower than the previously reported quality, the WTRU 102 may report and / or use contention-based CSI reporting.

[0360] For example, the determination of a new best beam and / or beam group may be used (e.g., to cause a CSI report to be transmitted). For example, CSI reporting may be activated / triggered when the WTRU 102 reports a new best beam (e.g., via a CRI). In an example, when the WTRU 102 reports CSI with a new CRI that is different from a previously reported CRI, the WTRU 102 may report and / or use contention-based CSI reporting.

[0361] For example, a relationship between a new best beam and / or beam group and a reported best beam and / or beam group relative to a threshold may be used (e.g., to cause a CSI report to be transmitted). For example, in the event that the WTRU 102 reports a new best beam (e.g., via a CRI) and the quality difference from the previously reported CRI is greater than or equal to a threshold, CSI reporting may be activated and / or triggered.

[0362] Further examples that may be used (e.g., to cause a CSI report to be transmitted) include any of the following: (1) the transmit power (e.g., in the UL) associated with a most recent transmission (e.g., any of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, and / or SRS) is greater than or equal to a threshold, (2) the measured interference is greater than or equal to a threshold, (3) the scheduled traffic is greater than or equal to a threshold, (4) the data arrival rate is greater than or equal to a threshold, (5) the number of HARQ NACKs (e.g., bits or symbols) is greater than or equal to a threshold, (6) the number of LBT failures is greater than or equal to a threshold, and / or (7) the priority of a most recently scheduled transmission (e.g., any of PUSCH, PDSCH, and / or PSSCH) is greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0363] Dynamic reporting mode indication

[0364] In certain representative embodiments, the reporting mode (e.g., contention-based, WTRU-triggered, and / or regular / non-contention-based CSI reporting) may be dynamically changed at the WTRU 102. For example, a base station (e.g., a gNB) may indicate a mode of regular CSI (e.g., periodic and / or non-periodic) or WTRU-triggered CSI (e.g., WTRU-specific, group-specific, and / or cell-specific signals). As an example, for general use cases, the gNB may activate a first mode at the WTRU 102 (e.g., for triggered-based CSI for efficient operation). For high traffic situations (e.g., concerts, stadiums, etc.), the gNB may activate a second mode (e.g., for regular CSI). For example, the WTRU 102 may recommend its preferred CSI mode via its CSI report, such as by using a reporting mode indicator (RMI) (e.g., in a regular CSI report).

[0365] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured and / or indicated with one or more reporting modes (e.g., for CSI reporting). For example, the WTRU 102 may be configured and / or indicated (e.g., by a base station) with one of a CSI reporting mode (e.g., contention-based CSI reporting or normal CSI reporting) and / or a transmission type (e.g., periodic, semi-persistent, aperiodic, or contention-based CSI). The configuration and / or indication of the CSI reporting mode and / or transmission type may be any of a CSI reporting configuration, a CSI measurement configuration, a CSI resource configuration, an RS resource set, an RS resource, a cell, a TRP, a panel, and / or a WTRU.

[0366] For example, any one of RRC, MAC CE and / or DCI may be used for configuration and / or indication. For example, the configuration and / or indication may be RRC configured. In another example, the configuration and / or indication may be RRC configured and activated by MAC CE. In another example, the configuration and / or indication may be RRC configured, activated by MAC CE and indicated by DCI. The configuration and / or indication may include any one of the following: (1) CSI reporting mode, (2) transmission type, (3) CSI report configuration ID, (4) CSI resource configuration ID, (5) CSI measurement configuration ID, (6) TRP ID, (7) panel ID, (8) RS resource set ID, (9) resource ID, and / or (10) WTRU ID.

[0367] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or indication indicating one of normal CSI or contention-based CSI as the CSI reporting mode. The indication may be based on explicitly indicating the CSI reporting mode (e.g., 0 for normal CSI and 1 for contention-based CSI). The indication may be based on a switch (e.g., if the indication bits are changed from a previous indication, then the new CSI reporting mode may be used, otherwise, if the indication bits are the same as a previous indication, then the previous CSI reporting mode may be used).

[0368] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or indication indicating one of periodic, semi-persistent, aperiodic, or contention-based CSI as the transmission type for the associated CSI report.

[0369] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or an indication indicating one or more CSI reporting configuration IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0370] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or an indication indicating one or more CSI resource configuration IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0371] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or an indication indicating one or more CSI measurement configuration IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0372] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or an indication indicating one or more TRP IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode or an indicated transmission type.

[0373] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or an indication indicating one or more panel IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode or an indicated transmission type.

[0374] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or an indication indicating one or more RS resource set IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0375] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or an indication indicating one or more RS resource IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode or an indicated transmission type.

[0376] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive a configuration and / or indication indicating one or more WTRU IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode or an indicated transmission type. The indication may be included in a group DCI to indicate the CSI reporting mode or transmission type to instruct the WTRU 102 to use the indicated CSI reporting mode and / or the indicated transmission type.

[0377] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine a CSI reporting mode and / or transmission type upon determining that a first set of conditions are met. For example, in the event that the first set of conditions are not met, the WTRU 102 may activate a first CSI reporting mode (e.g., normal CSI reporting) and / or a first transmission type (e.g., periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic). In the event that the first set of conditions are met, the WTRU 102 may activate a second CSI reporting mode (e.g., contention-based CSI reporting) and / or a second transmission type (e.g., contention-based CSI reporting). Based on activation of the second CSI reporting mode, the WTRU 102 may monitor one or more RS resource sets and report a contention-based CSI report if the second set of conditions are met.

[0378] In some representative embodiments, the first set of conditions may include a threshold comparison of any of the following parameters. For example, the condition may be based on a measured quality (e.g., CQI, (L1-)SINR, and / or (L1-)RSRP) of one or more resources (e.g., in one or more latest time slots) being greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the quality to be reported in the CSI report (e.g., CQI, (L1-)SINR, and / or (L1-)RSRP) is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that for one or more measurement and / or CSI reporting instances, the relationship (e.g., difference) between the reported quality and the newly measured quality is less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the relationship (e.g., difference) between the quality of the new best beam / beam group and the quality of the reported best beam / beam group is greater than a threshold. As an example, the CSI reporting mode may be activated in the event that the WTRU 102 reports a new best beam (e.g., via CRI) and the quality difference from the previously reported beam (e.g., CRI) is less than a threshold for one or more measurement and / or CSI reporting instances. For example, the condition may be that the transmission power associated with one or more recent transmissions (e.g., the UL power of any of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, and / or SRS) is less than a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the measured interference is less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the scheduled traffic is less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the data arrival rate is less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the number of LBT failures is less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the priority of a (e.g., recently) scheduled transmission (such as PUSCH, PDSCH, and / or PSSCH) is less than a threshold.

[0379] In some representative embodiments, the second set of conditions may include a threshold comparison of any of the following parameters. For example, the condition may be that the measured quality (e.g., CQI, (L1-)SINR, and / or (L1-)RSRP) based on one or more resources (e.g., in one or more most recent time slots) is less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the quality to be reported in the CSI report (e.g., CQI, (L1-)SINR, and / or (L1-)RSRP) is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the relationship (e.g., difference) between the reported quality and the newly measured quality is greater than a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the relationship (e.g., difference) between the quality of the new best beam / beam group and the quality of the reported best beam / beam group is less than a threshold. As an example, a CSI report may be triggered in the event that the WTRU 102 reports a new best beam (e.g., via CRI) and the quality difference from the previously reported beam (e.g., CRI) is greater than a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the transmission power associated with the most recent transmission (e.g., UL power of any of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, and / or SRS) is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the measured interference is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the scheduled traffic is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the data arrival rate is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the number of LBT failures is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the priority of the most recently scheduled transmission (e.g., any of PUSCH, PDSCH, and / or PSSCH) is greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0380] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report its preferred CSI reporting mode and / or transmission type to a base station (e.g., a gNB). For example, the WTRU 102 may report its preferred CSI reporting mode and / or transmission type in a CSI report. The CSI report may include any of the following: (1) CSI reporting mode, (2) transmission type, (3) CSI reporting configuration ID, (4) CSI resource configuration ID, (5) CSI measurement configuration ID, (6) TRP ID, (7) panel ID, (8) RS resource set ID, (9) resource ID, and / or (10) WTRU ID.

[0381] For example, the WTRU 102 may report and / or indicate (e.g., explicitly or implicitly) its preferred CSI reporting mode (e.g., one of normal CSI or contention-based CSI). For example, the WTRU 102 may report a CSI reporting mode indicator (CMI) to a base station (e.g., a gNB) to explicitly indicate the CSI reporting mode (e.g., 0 for normal CSI and 1 for contention-based CSI). In another example, the CMI may be based on a switch (e.g., in the event that the CMI bits are changed from a previous indication, then the new CSI reporting mode may be preferred, while in the event that the indicator bits are the same as a previous indication, then the previous CSI reporting mode may still be preferred).

[0382] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a transmission type indication (TTI) to a base station (e.g., gNB). The TTI may indicate one or more of periodic, semi-persistent, aperiodic, and / or contention-based CSI as the transmission type of the associated CSI report.

[0383] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a configuration / indication indicating one or more CSI reporting configuration IDs associated with the indicated CSI reporting mode and / or the indicated transmission type.

[0384] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a configuration / indication indicating one or more CSI resource configuration IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0385] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a configuration / indication indicating one or more CSI measurement configuration IDs associated with the indicated CSI reporting mode and / or the indicated transmission type.

[0386] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a configuration / indication indicating one or more TRP IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0387] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a configuration / indication indicating one or more panel IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0388] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a configuration / indication indicating one or more RS resource set IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0389] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a configuration / indication indicating one or more RS resource IDs associated with an indicated CSI reporting mode and / or an indicated transmission type.

[0390] For example, the WTRU 102 may report a configuration / indication indicating one or more WTRU IDs associated with the indicated CSI reporting mode and / or the indicated transmission type. As an example, the indication may be included in a group DCI to indicate the CSI reporting mode and / or the transmission type to indicate that multiple WTRUs use the indicated CSI reporting mode and / or the indicated transmission type.

[0391] PUCCH for contention-based CSI reporting

[0392] CSI Report Configuration

[0393] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive one or more CSI reporting configurations. The CSI reporting configuration may indicate at least one CSI reporting quantity, including any one of CQI (channel quality information), PMI (precoding matrix indicator), CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator), LI (layer indicator) and / or RI (rank indicator), and the like. For example, the WTRU 102 may be indicated, determined, or configured with a higher layer parameter CSI-ReportConfigure. The WTRU 102 may determine any of the following parameters and / or information: (1) CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets to use for channel and / or interference measurements, (2) CSI report configuration type (e.g., periodic, semi-persistent, and / or aperiodic), (3) CSI report transmission periodicity (e.g., for periodic and semi-persistent CSI reporting), (4) CSI report transmission offset (e.g., time slot, subframe, frame, millisecond, and / or TTI), (5) time limit for channel and / or interference measurements for CSI reporting, (6) number of reports (CQI, RSRP, SINR, LI, RI, etc.), and / or (7) codebook configuration, such as codebook subset restriction. The foregoing list of parameters is a non-limiting example of parameters that may be included in a CSI report configuration. One or more of those parameters may be included. Other parameters or selections may be included.

[0394] PUCCH

[0395] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be instructed, determined, or configured with a physical uplink channel to transmit the CSI report. For example, the WTRU 102 may transmit the corresponding CSI report using an uplink control resource (e.g., PUCCH). For example, the WTRU 102 may transmit the corresponding CSI report on an uplink shared resource (e.g., PUSCH). In some embodiments, one or more formats of the PUCCH configuration may be used, configured, and / or determined. Figure 5is a diagram illustrating an example physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) format (PF) and associated information. Figure 5 As shown in , PUCCH formats 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and / or 5 may be associated with a corresponding length (eg, in units of symbols, such as but not limited to OFDM symbols) and a corresponding number of bits. Figure 5 The diagrams in are non-limiting examples of parameters that may be configured for any (e.g., each) PUCCH format. In some embodiments, one or more of those parameters may be included for a given format. The lengths, bits, and / or selections of each parameter in OFDM symbols are examples. Other lengths, bits, and / or selections in symbols may be included.

[0396] In certain representative embodiments, one or more parameters may be used, configured, or determined based on each PUCCH format. Configuration parameters may be based on one or more of the following: (1) group and / or sequence hopping, (2) cyclic shift hopping, (3) scrambling, (4) (one or more) RS and / or channel coding (e.g., cyclic redundancy check (CRC)). For example, one or more parameters may be used, configured, or determined to enable or disable group and / or sequence hopping and / or determine corresponding attributes. For example, a frequency hopping attribute may be indicated based on a higher layer parameter (e.g., hoppingId). For example, cyclic shift hopping may be defined based on a symbol and / or time slot index (e.g., number). Cyclic shift hopping may be used in a pseudo-random sequence generator that may be initialized based on one or more parameters (e.g., hoppingId). For example, scrambling may be supported for a PUCCH format. The bit block may be scrambled prior to modulation and according to a scrambling sequence, which may be initialized based on one or more parameters (e.g., higher layer parameters such as C-RNTI and / or dataScramblingIdentityPUSCH). In PUCCH formats (e.g., PF1, PF2, PF3, and PF4) in which RS (e.g., DMRS) is supported, a DMRS sequence may be transmitted with the corresponding PUCCH.

[0397] In certain representative embodiments, the PUCCH DMRS may be a reference sequence. For example, the PUCCH DMRS may be generated based on a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a pseudo-random sequence, and / or a similar sequence. A scrambling sequence generator for a sequence corresponding to the PUCCH DMRS may be initialized and / or configured based on one or more parameters.

[0398] For example, in the first PUCCH format (eg, PF1), the DMRS sequence may be generated based on the ZC sequence, that is:

[0399]

[0400] Where N ZC is the ZC sequence length, and the root index (q) is defined based on u and v, which can be defined based on higher layer parameters as follows:

[0401]

[0402] For example, in the second PUCCH format (eg, PF2), the DMRS sequence may be generated based on a pseudo-random sequence, namely:

[0403]

[0404]

[0405] Among them, the pseudo-random sequence generator (such as c(i)) can be initialized as follows:

[0406]

[0407] Among them, the index It can be defined based on higher layer parameters (eg, scramblingID0 in DMRS-UplinkConfig).

[0408] For example, in PUCCH formats 3 and 4, the DMRS sequence can be generated based on the ZC sequence as Wherein the sequence group u and the sequence number v can be configured based on higher layer parameters (e.g., sequence hopping parameters). The above equations are non-limiting examples of parameters that can be used to determine the root index, cyclic shift, and / or initialization value of the PUCCH DMRS sequence. One or more of those parameters may be included and / or excluded. The coefficients and selections for each parameter are examples. Other coefficients or selections may be included.

[0409] For example, one or more channel coding schemes may be used to encode uplink control information (UCI) transmitted (e.g., in a PUCCH). For example, the coding scheme may be based on a block code and / or a polar code. CRC attachment may be used for UCI transmitted (e.g., in a PUCCH). In an example, code block segmentation and CRC attachment may be performed in the case where the payload size (e.g., in a PUCCH) is greater than or equal to a certain number (e.g., 12).

[0410] In some examples, during high frequency operation with contention-based CSI reporting, (eg, some) WTRUs 102 may transmit CSI reports on the same resource blocks causing contention. In certain representative embodiments, the transmitting WTRUs 102 and contention may be resolved as follows.

[0411] In certain representative embodiments, one or more WTRUs 102 may determine or be configured to transmit respective CSI reports in shared and / or common resources (e.g., PUCCH resource blocks). A CSI report transmission from a first WTRU 102 may cause contention for and / or with a CSI report transmission from a second WTRU 102.

[0412] As described herein, the described parameters such as group and / or sequence hopping, cyclic shift hopping, PUCCH DMRS, scrambling, channel coding (e.g., CRC), etc. may be referred to as PUCCH parameters. Any combination of such parameters may be referred to as a "PUCCH parameter set."

[0413] In certain representative embodiments, one or more PUCCH parameter sets may be used, defined, configured, and / or determined to identify CSI report transmissions from different WTRUs 102 (e.g., in corresponding PUCCH resources). For example, the PUCCH parameter sets may be WTRU-specific. As an example, a first PUCCH parameter set may be mutually exclusive with another (e.g., second) PUCCH parameter set. One or more PUCCH parameter sets may be configured, indicated, and / or determined as part of a PUCCH configuration (e.g., for one or more WTRUs 102).

[0414] For example, one or more of the following may apply. The first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a first set of (e.g., WTRU-specific) parameters and / or settings to transmit a CSI report in a corresponding (e.g., PUCCH) resource. The second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a second set of (e.g., WTRU-specific) parameters and / or settings to transmit a CSI report in a corresponding (e.g., PUCCH) resource. The network may determine that contention has occurred in the CSI report transmission (e.g., in the corresponding PUCCH resource), and the network performs a procedure (e.g., to attempt to) resolve the contention. In an example, a CSI report from the first WTRU 102 may be detected, decoded, or recovered based on the corresponding first set of WTRU-specific parameters. In an example, a CSI report from the second WTRU 102 may be detected, decoded, or recovered based on the corresponding second set of WTRU-specific parameters.

[0415] WTRU-specific sequence of PUCCH DMRS with configured ID

[0416] In certain representative embodiments, one or more PUCCH DMRS sequence sets may be used, defined, configured, and / or determined. One or more PUCCH DMRS sequence sets may be configured, such as part of a configuration (e.g., a PUCCH configuration). In some embodiments, a first PUCCH DMRS sequence set may be mutually exclusive with another (e.g., a second) PUCCH DMRS sequence set. The WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a PUCCH DMRS sequence set based on a (e.g., corresponding) PUCCH DMRS sequence ID.

[0417] As described herein, the PUCCH DMRS sequence ID may be used interchangeably with a PUCCH DMRS sequence root index, a sequence cyclic shift, a sequence group, a sequence number, and / or a sequence initialization value / seed.

[0418] In certain representative embodiments, the first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a first set of PUCCH DMRS sequences and / or IDs for contention-based transmissions (e.g., in PUCCH resources). The second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a second set of PUCCH DMRS sequences and / or IDs for contention-based transmissions (e.g., in PUCCH resources). In some embodiments, the first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a third set of PUCCH DMRS sequences and / or IDs for contention-free transmissions (e.g., in PUCCH resources). In some embodiments, the second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a fourth set of PUCCH DMRS sequences and / or IDs for contention-free transmissions (e.g., in PUCCH resources).

[0419] In some representative embodiments, orthogonal and / or quasi-orthogonal sequences may be used as PUCCH DMRS sequences. For example, a first WTRU 102 may be configured with a first PUCCH DMRS sequence based on a ZC sequence with a root index u, and a second WTRU 102 may be configured with a second PUCCH DMRS sequence that may be generated based on a ZC sequence with a root index w different from that of the first PUCCH DMRS (e.g., w≠u).

[0420] For example, in the event that contention is detected in the CSI report (e.g., in the PUCCH resources), the PUCCH DMRS sequence and / or ID corresponding to each PUCCH transmission may be detected based on the (quasi) orthogonality of the PUCCH DMRS sequence. Thus, corresponding PUCCH transmissions from multiple WTRUs 102 may be detected accordingly.

[0421] In certain representative embodiments, contention may be detected in a CSI report in a control channel (e.g., PUCCH) resource. A network, base station (e.g., gNB), and / or cell may monitor, receive, attempt to detect, and / or decode a (e.g., PUCCH) DMRS sequence scrambled with one or more control channel (e.g., PUCCH) transmissions in the control channel (e.g., PUCCH) resource. Upon successful detection of the (e.g., PUCCH) DMRS sequence and / or ID, the network, base station (e.g., gNB), and / or cell may detect, decode, and / or determine the corresponding WTRU 102 and the corresponding CSI report accordingly.

[0422] WTRU specific CRC masking sequence with configuration ID

[0423] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may be configured, determined, and / or instructed to use one or more identification sequences to mask a CRC attached to a control channel (e.g., PDCCH) transmission. In an example, one or more WTRU-specific radio network temporary identifiers (RNTIs) may be used as a mask for the CRC. One or more CRC masking sequences for (e.g., any or each) PUCCH transmissions may be configured as part of a configuration (e.g., a PUCCH configuration), as described herein. In some embodiments, the WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a CRC masking sequence (e.g., in the PUCCH) based on a configured ID.

[0424] In certain representative embodiments, one or more masking sequences of a CRC (e.g., in a PUCCH) may indicate a mode of a transmission (e.g., a corresponding PUCCH transmission). For example, a first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a first CRC masking sequence, such as for contention-based transmissions (e.g., in a PUCCH). A second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a second CRC masking sequence, such as for contention-based transmissions (e.g., in a PUCCH). In some embodiments, a first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a third CRC masking sequence, such as for contention-free transmissions (e.g., in a PUCCH). In some embodiments, a second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a fourth CRC masking sequence, such as for contention-free transmissions (e.g., in a PUCCH).

[0425] In certain representative embodiments, orthogonal and / or quasi-orthogonal sequences may be used as CRC masking sequences in the PUCCH. For example, the first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a first CRC masking sequence (e.g., in the PUCCH). The second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a second CRC masking sequence (e.g., in the PUCCH). The first and / or second CRC masking sequences may be generated based on an ID and / or parameters such that the second CRC masking sequence is different from the first CRC masking sequence used by the first WTRU 102 (e.g., in the PUCCH).

[0426] For example, in the event of contention in a CSI report and / or PUCCH transmission, a CRC masking sequence used for the transmission (e.g., CSI report and / or PUCCH transmission) may be detected. Thus, the corresponding WTRU 102 (e.g., associated with the contention) may be detected accordingly.

[0427] For example, in the event that contention is detected in a CSI report (e.g., in a PUCCH resource), the network, base station (e.g., gNB), and / or cell may monitor, receive, attempt to detect, and / or decode a CRC masking sequence (e.g., in a PUCCH). Upon successful detection of a CRC masking sequence (e.g., in a PUCCH transmission), the network, base station (e.g., gNB), and / or cell may detect, decode, and / or determine the corresponding WTRU 102 and the corresponding CSI report accordingly.

[0428] WTRU specific scrambling sequence with configuration ID

[0429] In certain representative embodiments, one or more PUCCH scrambling sequences may be used, defined, configured, and / or determined. One or more PUCCH scrambling sequences may be configured, such as part of a PUCCH configuration, as described herein. The WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a PUCCH scrambling sequence based on higher layer parameters (e.g., configured parameters and / or IDs). For example, the WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a PUCCH scrambling sequence based on (e.g., any) radio network temporary identifier (e.g., a WTRU-specific RNTI, a contention-based CSI RNTI, and the like).

[0430] In certain representative embodiments, the PUCCH scrambling sequence may indicate a mode of transmission (e.g., for a corresponding PUCCH). As an example, the first mode may be a contention-based transmission and the second mode may be a contention-free transmission. For example, the first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine and / or be configured with a first PUCCH scrambling sequence, such as for contention-based transmission (e.g., in PUCCH). The second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine and / or be configured with a second PUCCH scrambling sequence, such as for contention-based transmission (e.g., in PUCCH). In some embodiments, the first WTRU 102 may use a third PUCCH scrambling sequence, such as for contention-free transmission (e.g., in PUCCH). In some embodiments, the second WTRU 102 may use a fourth PUCCH scrambling sequence, such as for contention-free transmission (e.g., in PUCCH).

[0431] In certain representative embodiments, orthogonal and / or quasi-orthogonal sequences may be used by the WTRU 102 (e.g., as PUCCH scrambling sequences). For example, a first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a first PUCCH scrambling sequence, while a second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a second PUCCH scrambling sequence, which may be generated based on an ID and / or parameters. The first and / or second PUCCH scrambling sequences may be generated based on an ID and / or parameters such that the second PUCCH scrambling sequence is different from the first PUCCH scrambling sequence used by the first WTRU 102.

[0432] For example, in the event that contention is detected in a CSI report (e.g., in a PUCCH resource), the network, base station (e.g., gNB), and / or cell may monitor, receive, or attempt to detect and / or decode a PUCCH scrambling sequence. Upon successful detection of the PUCCH scrambling sequence, the network, gNB, or cell may detect, decode, and / or determine the corresponding WTRU 102 and the corresponding CSI report accordingly.

[0433] WTRU-specific and / or group-specific hopping pattern with configuration ID

[0434] In certain representative embodiments, one or more hopping patterns may be used, defined, configured, or determined. For example, one or more PUCCH hopping patterns may be configured, such as part of a PUCCH configuration, as described herein. The PUCCH hopping pattern may be performed across and / or in a PUCCH resource set / subset (e.g., a PUCCH resource set) such that frequency hopping transmissions occur relative to the PUCCH resources. The WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a PUCCH hopping pattern based on higher layer parameters (e.g., configured parameters and / or IDs, such as hoppingId). In certain other embodiments, a hopping pattern may be used, defined, configured, or determined for a channel other than PUCCH.

[0435] In certain representative embodiments, the PUCCH hopping pattern may indicate a mode of transmission (e.g., for a corresponding PUCCH transmission). As an example, the first mode may be a contention-based transmission and the second mode may be a contention-free transmission. For example, the first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine and / or be configured with a first PUCCH hopping pattern, such as for contention-based transmission (e.g., in PUCCH). The second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine and / or be configured with a second PUCCH hopping pattern, such as for contention-based transmission (e.g., in PUCCH). In some embodiments, the first WTRU 102 may use a third PUCCH hopping pattern, such as for contention-free transmission (e.g., in PUCCH). In some embodiments, the second WTRU 102 may use a fourth PUCCH hopping pattern, such as for contention-free transmission (e.g., in PUCCH).

[0436] In certain representative embodiments, orthogonal and / or quasi-orthogonal sequences may be used as PUCCH hopping patterns. For example, a first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a first PUCCH hopping pattern, while a second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a second PUCCH hopping pattern that may be generated based on an ID and / or parameters. The first and / or second PUCCH hopping patterns may be generated based on an ID and / or parameters such that the second PUCCH hopping pattern is different from the first PUCCH hopping pattern used by the first WTRU 102.

[0437] For example, in the event that contention is detected in a CSI report (e.g., in a PUCCH resource), the network, base station (e.g., gNB), and / or cell may monitor, receive, attempt to detect, and / or decode a PUCCH hopping pattern. Upon successful detection of the PUCCH hopping pattern, the network, gNB, and / or cell may detect, decode, and / or determine the corresponding WTRU 102 and the corresponding CSI report accordingly.

[0438] Identifier of the associated PRACH and / or scheduling request

[0439] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may use one or more PRACH configurations. As an example, one or more WTRU-specific preambles may be used in a PRACH transmission. One or more PRACH preambles may be configured as part of a PRACH configuration. The WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, or be configured with a PRACH preamble. The PRACH preamble may be based on a configured ID. As an example, a 2-step and / or 4-step random access procedure may be used in a PRACH transmission. A 2-step and / or 4-step random access procedure may be configured, such as part of a PRACH configuration. The WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a 2-step or 4-step random access procedure based on a configured ID.

[0440] In certain representative embodiments, parameters for a scheduling request (SR), such as random access parameters, PRACH preamble, 2-step and / or 4-step RA procedures, PUSCH resources (e.g., associated with a configured grant), random access and / or PUCCH-based SR, may be referred to as scheduling request parameters. A specific combination of such parameters may be referred to as an "SR parameter set".

[0441] In certain representative embodiments, an SR parameter set may be used to indicate and / or identify a WTRU 102 that has performed a random access procedure and / or an SR transmission. For example, a first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a first SR parameter set. A second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a second SR parameter set. For example, during a random access procedure, upon detecting (e.g., detected by a base station) the first SR parameter set, it may be determined (e.g., determined by a base station) that the first WTRU 102 has performed a random access (e.g., PRACH) transmission and / or an SR transmission. For example, upon detecting (e.g., detected by a base station) the second SR parameter set, it may be determined that the second WTRU 102 has performed a random access (e.g., PRACH) transmission and / or an SR transmission.

[0442] In certain representative embodiments, a PRACH preamble may be used to indicate and / or identify a WTRU 102 that has performed a PRACH transmission. For example, a first WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a first PRACH preamble. A second WTRU 102 may use, define, determine, and / or be configured with a second PRACH preamble. During a random access procedure, upon detecting the first preamble, it may be determined that the first WTRU 102 has performed a random access (e.g., PRACH) transmission. Upon detecting the second preamble, it may be determined that the second WTRU 102 has performed a random access (e.g., PRACH) transmission.

[0443] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform a random access procedure for a scheduling request (SR) to transmit a CSI report, which may use a contention-based CSI reporting configuration (e.g., a contention-based mode). For example, in the event that contention occurs in a CSI report and / or PUCCH transmission, the SR parameter set used in the corresponding SR transmission may be detected. Thus, the corresponding WTRU 102 and / or SR may be detected (e.g., resolved) accordingly.

[0444] For example, in the event that contention is detected in the CSI report, the network, base station (e.g., gNB) and / or cell may monitor, receive, attempt to detect and / or decode a corresponding random access procedure and / or scheduling request to detect an SR parameter set (e.g., from a plurality of configured SR parameter sets). Upon successfully detecting the corresponding SR parameter set, the network, base station (e.g., gNB) and / or cell may detect, decode and / or determine the corresponding WTRU 102 and the corresponding CSI report accordingly.

[0445] In certain representative embodiments, any of the following methods may be supported for contention-based CSI reporting (e.g., PUCCH) transmission. For example, the method and / or process of contention-based reporting and / or its solution may use any of code block segmentation, CRC attachment, and / or control information encoding. Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a block code for encoding 1 bit of information. Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a block code for encoding 2-bit information. Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a basis sequence of a (32,K) Reed-Muller code for encoding information.

[0446] In some embodiments, various code block segmentation and / or CRC attachment methods may be used (e.g., used by the WTRU 102). For example, for normal CSI reporting (e.g., the first mode of operation), the WTRU CRC attachment may be based on the payload size. As an example, the CRC attachment may be based on any of the following: (1) if the payload size (e.g., for PUCCH) is less than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., 12 bits), a first number of CRC bits (e.g., 0 or no CRC bits) may be used for the CRC; (2) if the payload size is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than or equal to a second threshold (e.g., 19 bits), a second number of CRC bits (e.g., 6 bits or less as described in 3GPP TS 38.212) may be used. CRC6(D) ); and / or (3) if the payload size is greater than (or equal to) a second threshold (e.g., 20 bits), a third number of CRC bits (e.g., 11 bits or g as described in 3GPPTS 38.212) may be used. CRC11(D) . For example, for contention-based CSI reporting (e.g., the second mode of operation), the WTRU CRC attachment may be based on any of the following: (1) if the payload size (e.g., for PUCCH) is less than or equal to a first threshold (e.g., 12 bits), a first number of CRC bits (e.g., X CRC bits) may be used for the CRC; (2) if the payload size is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than or equal to a second threshold (e.g., 19 bits), a second number of CRC bits (e.g., Y bits, where Y is greater than or equal to X) may be used; and / or (3) (2) if the payload size is greater than (or equal to) the second threshold (e.g., 20 bits), a third number of CRC bits (e.g., Z bits, where Z is greater than or equal to Y) may be used.

[0447] In certain representative embodiments, various control information encoding methods may be used (e.g., by the WTRU 102). For example, for normal CSI reporting (e.g., the first mode of operation), the channel coding to be applied may be based on the payload size. For example, for contention-based CSI reporting (e.g., the second mode of operation), one or more different channel coding methods may be applied and may also be based on the payload size. As an example, UCI channel coding may be based on any of the following: (1) if the payload size (e.g., for PUCCH) is less than a first threshold (e.g., 2 bits), a first type of code (e.g., block code) may be used; (2) if the payload size (e.g., for PUCCH) is greater than the first threshold and less than or equal to a second threshold (e.g., 11 bits), a second type of code (e.g., Reed-Muller code) may be used; and (3) if the payload size (e.g., for PUCCH) is greater than a second threshold (e.g., 12 bits), a third type of code (e.g., polar code) may be used.

[0448] As an example, for normal CSI reporting, the encoding of a transmission (e.g., a PUCCH transmission) may be based on any of the following: (1) If the payload size of the transmission is less than or equal to 2 bits, then the encoding may be based on any of the following: Figure 6 and / or the block code shown in 7; (2) if the transmitted payload size is greater than 2 bits and less than or equal to 11 bits, a Reed-Muller code such as Figure 8 and (3) if the payload size is greater than 12 bits, polar codes may be used. In some embodiments, the coding type (such as Figure 6 , 7 and / or those examples shown in 8) can be used for either normal CSI reporting and / or contention-based CSI reporting.

[0449] In certain representative embodiments, for contention-based CSI reporting, at least one different WTRU channel coding method may be used compared to normal (e.g., non-contention-based CSI reporting). For example, the channel coding performed by the WTRU 102 may be based on any of the following: (1) if the payload size of the transmission (e.g., PUCCH transmission) is less than or equal to a first threshold, a first code type may be used, (2) if the payload size is greater than (or equal to) the first threshold and less than or equal to a second threshold, a first or second code type may be used; and (3) if the payload size is greater than (or equal to) the second threshold, a second (or third) code type may be used.

[0450] As an example, for contention-based CSI reporting, at least one different WTRU channel coding method may be used compared to a normal case (e.g., non-contention-based CSI reporting). For example, the channel coding performed by the WTRU 102 may be based on any of the following: (1) if the payload size of the transmission (e.g., PUCCH transmission) is less than or equal to 2 bits, then Reed-Muller code or polar code may be used; (2) if the payload size is greater than (or equal to) 3 bits and less than or equal to 11 bits, then Reed-Muller code or polar code may be used; and (3) if the payload size is greater than (or equal to) 12 bits, then polar code may be used.

[0451] As described above, Reed-Muller codes and / or polar codes may be used for channel coding (e.g., by the WTRU 102). In other representative embodiments, any of convolutional codes, LDPC codes, and / or turbo codes may be used instead of Reed-Muller codes and / or polar codes.

[0452] Fig. 9 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI for multiple CSI-RS resource sets. Fig. 9 The processes shown in may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a WTRU 102 in communication with a base station, such as a gNB 180. Fig. 9, the WTRU 102 may receive (e.g., from a base station) configuration information at 902 indicating a first set of TCI states associated with a first scrambling ID and a second set of TCI states associated with a second scrambling ID. At 904, the WTRU 102 may receive (e.g., from a base station) CSI reporting information indicating a first CSI-RS resource set associated with the first set of TCI states and a second CSI-RS resource set associated with the second set of TCI states. At 906, the WTRU 102 may report (e.g., to the base station) a first CSI including information indicating a quality of the first CSI-RS resource set based on one or more first measurements. The one or more first measurements may be performed based on (e.g., performed using) the first CSI-RS resource set and the first scrambling ID. At 910, the WTRU 102 may report a second CSI based on (1) the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set being less than a first threshold, and (2) the difference between the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set and the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set based on one or more second measurements being greater than a second threshold, the second CSI including information indicating the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set and a CSI-RS resource set indicator associated with the second CSI-RS resource set. For example, the one or more second measurements may be based on (e.g., performed using) the second CSI-RS resource set and the second scrambling ID.

[0453] In certain representative embodiments, the first scrambling ID may be different from the second scrambling ID. For example, the WTRU 102 may perform a first measurement using a first CSI-RS resource set and a first scrambling ID associated with a first set of TCI states. For example, a base station may transmit a CSI-RS using a first CSI-RS resource set and may scramble the transmitted CSI-RS using a first scrambling ID. The WTRU 102 may also perform a second measurement using a second CSI-RS resource set and a different (e.g., second) scrambling ID associated with a second set of TCI states. For example, a base station may transmit a CSI-RS using a second CSI-RS resource set and may scramble the transmitted CSI-RS using a second scrambling ID.

[0454] In certain representative embodiments, a first measurement may be performed by the WTRU 102 using at least one TCI state from a first set of TCI states.

[0455] In certain representative embodiments, the second measurement may be performed using at least one TCI state in the second set of TCI states. For example, the TCI state used for the first measurement may be different from the TCI state used for the second measurement.

[0456] In certain representative embodiments, a corresponding TCI state in the first set of TCI states may (eg, each) be different from a corresponding TCI state in the second set of TCI states.

[0457] In certain representative embodiments, at least one TCI state in the first set of TCI states may be the same as at least one TCI state in the second set of TCI states.

[0458] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may activate the second set of CSI-RS resources and / or deactivate the first set of CSI-RS resources based on the quality of the first set of CSI-RS resources being less than a first threshold.

[0459] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission using a TCI state in the second set of TCI states. For example, the WTRU 102 may activate the second CSI-RS resource set and / or deactivate the first CSI-RS resource set based on (e.g., after receiving) the PDCCH transmission. In some embodiments, the PDCCH transmission may include information indicating activation of the second CSI-RS resource set.

[0460] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more TCI states in a first set of TCI states and perform a first measurement using a first CSI-RS resource set, a first scrambling ID, and the determined one or more TCI states (e.g., one or more TCI states in the first set of TCI states).

[0461] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more TCI states in a second set of TCI states and perform a second measurement using a second CSI-RS resource set, a first scrambling ID, and the determined one or more TCI states (e.g., one or more TCI states in the first set of TCI states).

[0462] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a third set of TCI states associated with a third scrambling ID. For example, the third set of TCI states may be Fig. 9 902 in . The WTRU 102 may perform a third measurement using the second CSI-RS resource set and a third scrambling ID associated with the third set of TCI states. The WTRU 102 may continue to report CSI including information indicating the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set (e.g., based on the third measurement) and a CSI-RS resource set indicator for the second CSI-RS resource set.

[0463] In certain representative embodiments, the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set may be determined using any one of a maximum measurement value, a minimum measurement value, and / or an average measurement value of the first measurement, and / or the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set is associated with any one of a maximum measurement value, a minimum measurement value, and / or an average measurement value of the second measurement. In other representative embodiments, the quality may be determined in other ways as described herein.

[0464] In some representative embodiments, the quality may be or include any one of a channel quality indicator (CQI), a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), or a reference signal received power (RSRP) value. In other representative embodiments, the quality may be or include other parameters as described herein.

[0465] Fig.10 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI for multiple CSI-RS resources using determined TCI states. Fig.10 The processes shown in may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a WTRU 102 in communication with a base station, such as a gNB 180. Fig.10 , the WTRU 102 may receive (e.g., from a base station) configuration information indicating a plurality of CSI-RS resources (e.g., a resource set or a collection of resources) at 1002. At 1004, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more TCI states associated with the plurality of CSI-RS resources. The determination may be based on one or more TCI states associated with one or more CORESETs and / or search spaces (e.g., associated with the plurality of CSI-RS resources or otherwise configured at the WTRU 102). For example, the WTRU 102 may determine one or more TCI states (e.g., to be used) of the CSI-RS resources based on one or more TCI states (e.g., used or to be used) of the CORESETs and / or search spaces. The WTRU 102 may perform measurements on the plurality of CSI-RS resources (e.g., at least a portion) at 1006 using the determined one or more TCI states. At 1008, the WTRU 102 may report (eg, to a base station) CSI based on the measurements, the CSI including information indicating the quality of the plurality of CSI-RS resources.

[0466] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive (eg, from a base station) configuration information indicating a CORESET and / or a search space.

[0467] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive (e.g., from a base station) control signaling in (e.g., using resources configured therein) one of a CORESET and / or a search space. The one or more TCI states may be determined based on one or more TCI states associated with one of the CORESET and / or the search space in which the control signaling is received.

[0468] In certain representative embodiments, any (eg, each) of the one or more TCI states may be associated with one of the one or more CORESETs and / or search spaces, respectively.

[0469] In certain representative embodiments, at least one of the one or more TCI states associated with the plurality of CSI-RS resources may be the same as at least one of the one or more TCI states associated with one of the CORESETs and / or search spaces.

[0470] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform one or more measurements of multiple CSI-RS resources using the determined one or more TCI states and (e.g., at least one) scrambling IDs associated with the one or more TCI states.

[0471] In certain representative embodiments, the quality of the plurality of CSI-RS resources may be associated with (e.g., determined using) any one of a maximum measured value, a minimum measured value, and / or an average measured value of the measurements. In other representative embodiments, the quality may be determined in other ways as described herein.

[0472] In some representative embodiments, the quality may be or include any of a channel quality indicator (CQI), a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), or a reference signal received power (RSRP) value. In other representative embodiments, the quality may be or include other parameters as described herein.

[0473] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive control signaling in one of the CORESET and / or search spaces that includes information for triggering the reporting of CSI.

[0474] In certain representative embodiments, multiple CSI-RS resources may be arranged in or as one or more CSI-RS resource sets.

[0475] Fig.11 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for receiving CSI using a WTRU determined TCI state. Fig.11The processes shown in may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a base station (such as the gNB 180) in communication with the WTRU 102. At 1102, the base station may send configuration information indicating a plurality of CSI-RS resources to the WTRU 102. At 1104, the base station may send configuration information indicating one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) and / or search spaces to the WTRU. At 1106, the base station may receive CSI from the WTRU 102, the CSI including information indicating quality of the plurality of CSI-RS resources based on measurements of the plurality of CSI-RS resources by the WTRU 102 using one or more TCI states associated with the one or more CORESETs and / or search spaces.

[0476] Fig.12 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI using Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmissions. Fig.12 The process shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a WTRU 102 in communication with a base station (such as a gNB 180). Fig.12 As shown, the WTRU 102 may receive (e.g., receive from a base station) configuration information indicating a first CSI reporting resource and a second CSI reporting resource at 1202. At 1204, the WTRU 102 may report (e.g., report to the base station) CSI using the first CSI reporting resource, the CSI including information indicating the quality of one or more first CSI-RS resources. For example, the WTRU 102 may perform measurements using one or more first CSI-RS resources as described herein. At 1206, the WTRU 102 may send (e.g., send to the base station) a PUCCH transmission using the second CSI reporting resource based on the quality of the one or more first CSI-RS resources being less than or equal to a threshold. The PUCCH transmission may include information indicating the quality of the one or more second CSI-RS resources. For example, the WTRU 102 may perform a second measurement using one or more second CSI-RS resources as described herein. For example, the PUCCH transmission may be sent using (1) one or more WTRU-specific sequences based on an identifier associated with the second CSI resource and / or (2) a WTRU-specific hopping pattern based on an identifier associated with the second CSI reporting resource.

[0477] In certain representative embodiments, a first CSI reporting resource may be associated with non-contention-based CSI reporting and a second CSI reporting resource may be associated with contention-based CSI reporting.

[0478] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform first measurements using one or more first CSI-RS resources, and the CSI reported using the first CSI reporting resources may be based on the first measurements.

[0479] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may perform second measurements using one or more second CSI-RS resources, and the CSI reported using the second CSI reporting resources may be based on the second measurements.

[0480] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a reporting mode associated with a first CSI reporting resource. For example, a non-contention-based reporting mode may be associated with the first CSI reporting resource (e.g., indicated for the first CSI reporting resource). For example, a contention-based reporting mode may be associated with a second CSI reporting resource (e.g., indicated for the second CSI reporting resource).

[0481] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to use a reporting mode associated with the first (or second) CSI reporting resource based on the received configuration information.

[0482] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU-specific hopping pattern is any one of a frequency hopping pattern, a group hopping pattern, a sequence hopping pattern, and / or a cyclic shift hopping pattern.

[0483] In certain representative embodiments, the one or more WTRU-specific sequences include any one of a PUCCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence and / or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) masking sequence, a PUCCH scrambling sequence.

[0484] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating an identifier associated with a second CSI reporting resource (eg, prior to measuring the second CSI-RS resource).

[0485] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a first CSI-RS resource set (which includes one or more first CSI-RS resources) and / or a second CSI resource set (which includes one or more second CSI-RS resources).

[0486] In some representative embodiments, the quality may be or include any of a channel quality indicator (CQI), a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), or a reference signal received power (RSRP) value. In other representative embodiments, the quality may be or include other parameters as described herein.

[0487] Fig.13is a process diagram illustrating an example process for receiving CSI using a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission. Fig.13 The process shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a base station (such as gNB 180) in communication with the WTRU 102. Fig.13 As shown in , a base station may send (e.g., send to the WTRU 102) configuration information indicating a first CSI reporting resource and a second CSI reporting resource at 1302. At 1304, the base station may receive (e.g., receive from the WTRU 102) CSI including information indicating a quality of one or more first CSI-RS resources using the first CSI reporting resource. At 1306, the base station may receive (e.g., receive from the WTRU 102) a PUCCH transmission using the second CSI reporting resource based on the quality of the one or more first CSI-RS resources being less than or equal to a threshold. For example, the PUCCH transmission may include information indicating the quality of the one or more second CSI-RS resources. The PUCCH transmission may be sent by the WTRU 102 using (1) one or more WTRU-specific sequences based on an identifier associated with the second CSI resource and / or (2) a WTRU-specific hopping pattern based on an identifier associated with the second CSI reporting resource.

[0488] Fig.14 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI and a preferred reporting mode for a WTRU. Fig.14 The process shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a WTRU 102 in communication with a base station (such as a gNB 180). Fig.14 As shown in , the WTRU 102 may receive (e.g., from a base station) CSI reporting information indicating a first CSI-RS resource set at 1402. At 1404, the WTRU 102 may perform a first measurement using the first CSI-RS resource set. At 1406, the WTRU 102 may report (e.g., to the base station) CSI including information indicating a quality of the first CSI-RS resource set based on the first measurement, wherein the reported CSI includes information indicating a preferred reporting mode of the WTRU. For example, the WTRU 102 may determine the preferred reporting mode based on any one of a measured amount of interference, an amount of scheduled traffic, a data arrival rate, and / or a number of listen-before-talk (LBT) failures.

[0489] In certain representative embodiments, the preferred reporting mode may be any non-contention-based CSI reporting or contention-based CSI reporting.

[0490] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive (eg, from a base station) configuration information indicating a first CSI reporting resource and a second CSI reporting resource.

[0491] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report (eg, to a base station) CSI using a first CSI reporting resource based on a quality of the first CSI-RS resource set being greater than a threshold.

[0492] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may report (eg, to a base station) CSI using a second CSI reporting resource based on the quality of the first set of CSI-RS resources being less than a threshold.

[0493] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may send (e.g., to a base station) a PUCCH transmission using the second CSI reporting resource. For example, the PUCCH transmission may include information indicating the reported CSI. The WTRU 102 may apply one or more WTRU-specific sequences and / or patterns to the PUCCH transmission, as described herein.

[0494] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may indicate a preferred reporting mode via an explicit bit field value of the CSI. For example, the bit value may be set to 0 to indicate a preference for normal CSI reporting, or may be set to 1 to indicate a preference for contention-based CSI reporting.

[0495] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may indicate a preferred reporting mode by switching a bit field value of the CSI. For example, the bit value may be set to remain the same as the previous value to indicate a preference for normal CSI reporting, or may be changed from the previous value to indicate a preference for contention-based CSI reporting.

[0496] In certain representative embodiments, the information indicating the preferred reporting mode may be a reporting mode indicator (RMI). In certain representative embodiments, the information indicating the preferred reporting mode may be a CSI reporting mode indicator (CMI).

[0497] Fig.15 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for receiving CSI and a preferred reporting mode for a WTRU. Fig.15 The process shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a base station (such as gNB 180) in communication with the WTRU 102. Fig.15As shown, the base station may send (e.g., send to the WTRU 102) CSI reporting information indicating a first CSI-RS resource set at 1502. At 1504, the base station may receive (e.g., receive from the WTRU 102) CSI including information indicating a quality of the first CSI-RS resource set based on a first measurement. The reported CSI may include information indicating a preferred reporting mode of the WTRU 102, as described herein.

[0498] Fig.16 is a process diagram illustrating an example process for reporting CSI. Fig.16 The process shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a WTRU 102 in communication with a base station (such as a gNB 180). Fig.16 As shown in , the WTRU 102 may receive (e.g., from a base station) configuration information indicating a first set of RS resources and a second set of RS resources at 1602. The WTRU 102 may determine the RS resource set based on the first set of RS resources and the second set of RS resources at 1604. At 1606, the WTRU 102 may perform measurements using the determined set of RS resources and a scrambling ID associated with the determined set of RS resources. At 1608, the WTRU 102 may report CSI based on the measurements, the CSI including the quality of the determined set of RS resources. For example, at 1608, the WTRU 102 may report the CSI using contention-based reporting and / or non-contention-based reporting, as described herein.

[0499] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to use contention-based reporting resources based on a determined quality of a set of RS resources being less than or equal to a threshold.

[0500] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine to use non-contention based reporting resources based on a determined quality of a set of RS resources being greater than a threshold.

[0501] In certain representative embodiments, the reported CSI may include information indicating the WTRU's preferred reporting mode.

[0502] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine a scrambling ID based on an association of a determined set of RS resources with a set of TCI states.

[0503] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may determine a TCI state from a set of TCI states (eg, used for measurement at 1606) based on a CORESET and / or a search space associated with a determined set of RS resources.

[0504] Fig.17is a process diagram illustrating an example process for receiving CSI. Fig.17 The process shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented (e.g., as a method or apparatus) by a base station (such as gNB 180) in communication with the WTRU 102. Fig.17 As shown in , the base station may send (e.g., to the WTRU 102) configuration information indicating a first set of RS resources and a second set of RS resources at 1702. At 1704, the base station may receive (e.g., from the WTRU 102) CSI including a quality of a determined set of RS resources based on a measurement using the determined set of RS resources and a scrambling ID associated with the determined set of RS resources, wherein the received CSI is received using contention-based reporting resources or non-contention-based reporting resources, and the determined set of RS resources is the first set of RS resources or the second set of RS resources.

[0505] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating at least a first RS resource set and a second RS resource set associated with a plurality of non-orthogonal RSs. The WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a beam reporting configuration associated with the first RS resource set and the second RS resource set. The WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a first measurement configuration associated with the first RS resource set and a second measurement configuration associated with the second RS resource set. The WTRU 102 may measure at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs having the first RS resource set according to the first measurement configuration and measure at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs having the second RS resource set according to the second measurement configuration. In accordance with the beam reporting configuration, if the measurement of at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs using the first RS resource set satisfies one or more conditions, the WTRU 102 may send a transmission including measurement information (e.g., CSI) associated with the measurement of at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs and information indicating that the measurement information is associated with a change to the second RS resource set.

[0506] In certain representative embodiments, the first RS resource set may be associated with the first beam group and the second beam group. The second RS resource set may be associated with the third beam group and the fourth beam group.

[0507] In certain representative embodiments, multiple non-orthogonal RSs of at least two of the first, second, third, and fourth beam groups may be transmitted and / or received simultaneously.

[0508] In certain representative embodiments, measurement of at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs with the first RS resource set and the first beam set may be more frequent (eg, performed more frequently) than measurement of at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs with the first RS resource set and the second beam set.

[0509] In certain representative embodiments, measurements of at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs using the first set of RS resources may be more frequent (eg, performed more frequently) than measurements of at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs using the second set of RS resources.

[0510] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive a transmission including information indicating an acknowledgment associated with a change to a second set of RS resources.

[0511] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a transmission configuration of the source RS. The WTRU 102 may determine one or more QCL parameters from the source RS. Measurements of at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs having the first RS resource set and / or at least one of the non-orthogonal RSs having the second RS resource set may use the determined one or more QCL parameters.

[0512] In certain representative embodiments, the information indicating the measurement information associated with the change of the second RS resource set may be any one of an RS resource set identifier, an RS identifier, or a switch.

[0513] In certain representative embodiments, the one or more conditions may include any of the following: (1) the quality associated with measurements using the first resource set is less than or equal to a threshold, (2) the quality associated with measurements using the first resource set and the first beam group is less than or equal to the quality associated with measurements using the first resource set and the second beam group, and / or (3) the quality associated with measurements using the second resource set is greater than or equal to the quality associated with measurements using the first resource set.

[0514] In certain representative embodiments, the quality associated with the measurement using the first set of resources may include any of: a reference signal received power, a signal to interference and noise ratio, a channel quality indicator, a layer indicator, a rank indicator, a precoding matrix indicator and / or a channel resource indicator.

[0515] In certain representative embodiments, the quality associated with the measurement using the first set of resources may be based on any of a minimum value, a maximum value, and / or an average value.

[0516] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating configuration of common reporting resources. The WTRU 102 may measure one or more RSs. In the event that a mode indication of reporting using common reporting resources has been received by the WTRU 102, the WTRU 102 may process a transmission including measurement information associated with measurement of one or more RSs and send the transmission using the common reporting resources.

[0517] In certain representative embodiments, processing of a transmission may include any of the following: (1) adding a demodulation RS (DMRS) sequence associated with the WTRU to the transmission, (2) masking cyclic redundancy check bits of the transmission using a masking sequence associated with the WTRU, (3) scrambling the transmission with a scrambling sequence associated with the WTRU, (4) mapping the transmission to a common reporting resource using a frequency hopping pattern associated with the WTRU, and / or (5) applying a scheduling request (SR) parameter set associated with the WTRU to the transmission.

[0518] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a DMRS sequence identifier and use the DMRS sequence identifier to determine the DMRS sequence.

[0519] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a RNTI associated with the WTRU 102 and use the RNTI to determine a masking sequence.

[0520] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a configuration associated with the WTRU 102 and use one or more parameters of the configuration to determine a scrambling sequence.

[0521] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a configuration associated with the WTRU 102 and use one or more parameters of the configuration to determine a frequency hopping pattern.

[0522] For example, the WTRU 102 may receive information indicating a configuration associated with the WTRU 102 and use one or more parameters of the configuration to determine a set of SR parameters.

[0523] In certain representative embodiments, processing of a transmission may include determining a number of CRC bits for the transmission based on a payload size of the transmission.

[0524] In certain representative embodiments, processing of a transmission may include determining a channel coding for the transmission from a plurality of types of channel coding based on a payload size of the transmission, and performing the determined channel coding.

[0525] In certain representative embodiments, the WTRU 102 may include circuitry, such as a transceiver and a processor, configured to perform any of the processes described herein.

[0526]

[0066] In certain representative embodiments, any of the procedures described herein may be implemented by the WTRU 102 as a method.

[0527] like Figure 9-17As shown in , reporting can be performed with respect to CSI-RS measurements. However, as described herein, the process can be modified and / or combined to use other RS ​​(e.g., SSB, TRS) measurements.

[0528] in conclusion

[0529] Although features and elements are provided above in specific combinations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. The present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described in this patent application, which are intended to be illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the essence and scope of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless explicitly provided as such, any element, action or description used in the present application specification should not be understood as being essential or necessary to the present invention. According to the foregoing description, in addition to those listed herein, functionally equivalent methods and devices within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is limited only to the terms of the appended claims and the full range of equivalent forms of such entitled claims. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to a specific method or system.

[0530] For simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are discussed with respect to terminology and structure of infrared capable devices (i.e., infrared transmitters and receivers). However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems, but may be applied to other systems using other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves (such as sound waves).

[0531] It should also be understood that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" may mean any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or a plurality of images displayed on a time basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote" and / or the term "head mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" may mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a plurality of embodiments of the WTRU; (iii) a device having wireless functionality and / or having wired functionality (e.g., tetherable) configured with (in particular) some or all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU; (iii) a wireless capable and / or wired capable device configured with less than all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU; or (iv) the like. The terms herein with respect to Figures 1A to 1DDetails of an example WTRU are provided that may represent any WTRU described herein. As another example, various disclosed embodiments herein are described above and below as utilizing a head mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than head mounted displays may be utilized, and some or all of the disclosure and various disclosed embodiments may be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information to provide an adapted reality experience.

[0532] In addition, the methods provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as built-in hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0533] Variations of the methods, devices, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. In view of the various embodiments that may be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be considered to limit the scope of the following claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices that may include or be used with any suitable voltage source (such as a battery and the like) that provides any suitable voltage.

[0534] In addition, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers and other devices including processors are indicated. These devices may include at least one central processing unit ("CPU") and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to the symbolic representations of actions and operations or instructions may be performed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be considered to be "executed", "computer executed" or "CPU executed".

[0535] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the actions and symbolic representations of operations or instructions include manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system represents data bits that may result in the ultimate transformation of electrical signals or reduction of electrical signals and the retention of data bits at memory locations in the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise changing the operation of the CPU and performing other processing of signals. The memory location that holds the data bits is a physical location that has specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties that correspond to or represent the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned platforms or CPUs, and other platforms and CPUs may also support the provided methods.

[0536] The data bits may also be maintained on a computer-readable medium, including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory ("RAM")) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory ("ROM")) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The computer-readable medium may include cooperating or interconnected computer-readable media that reside solely on the processing system or distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote relative to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned memories, and other platforms and memories may also support the provided methods.

[0537] In an exemplary embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0538] There is little difference between hardware implementation and software implementation of various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is usually (but not always, because in some contexts, the choice between hardware and software may become important) a design choice that represents a trade-off between cost and efficiency. There may be various media (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware) that can implement the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein, and the preferred media may vary with the context of the deployment process and / or system and / or other technologies. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are most important, the implementer may choose a medium that is primarily hardware and / or firmware. If flexibility is most important, the implementer may choose a specific implementation that is primarily software. Alternatively, the implementer may choose some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0539] The above detailed description has listed various embodiments of the device and / or process by using block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples. Where such block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flow charts or examples may be implemented individually and / or collectively by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware or almost any combination thereof. In an embodiment, several parts of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP) and / or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein may be equivalently implemented in an integrated circuit as a whole or in part as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), firmware or almost any combination thereof, and according to the present disclosure, designing circuits and / or writing software and / or firmware codes will be completely within the technical scope of those skilled in the art. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein may be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the illustrative embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the specific type of signal-bearing medium used to actually perform the distribution. Examples of signal-bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable type media (such as floppy disks, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tapes, computer memory, etc.); and transmission type media (such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.)).

[0540] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and / or processes into a data processing system. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system generally may include one or more of the following: a system unit housing; a video display device; a memory, such as a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory; a processor, such as a microprocessor and a digital signal processor; a computing entity, such as an operating system, a driver, a graphical user interface, and an application; one or more interactive devices, such as a touch pad or a screen; and / or a control system, including a feedback loop and a control motor (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, a control motor for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0541] The subject matter described herein sometimes shows different components included in or connected to different other components.It should be understood that such depicted architecture is only an example, and in fact many other architectures that achieve the same function can be realized.In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components that achieve the same function is effectively "associated" so that the desired function can be achieved.Therefore, any two components combined to achieve a specific function in this article can be regarded as "associated" with each other so that the desired function is achieved, regardless of the architecture or intermediate components.Similarly, any two components so associated can also be regarded as "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other to achieve the desired function, and any two components that can be so associated can also be regarded as "operably coupleable" to each other to achieve the desired function.Specific examples of operable coupling include but are not limited to components that can physically cooperate and / or physically interact and / or components that can wirelessly interact and / or wirelessly interact and / or components that can logically interact and / or components that can logically interact.

[0542] With respect to substantially any plural and / or singular terms used herein, those skilled in the art may convert from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as appropriate, depending on the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural arrangements may be explicitly listed herein.

[0543] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, the terms used herein, especially in the appended claims (e.g., the bodies of the appended claims), are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least", the term "comprising" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", etc.). It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly stated in the claim, and in the absence of such a recitation, there is no such intent. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. To aid understanding, the following appended claims and / or the description herein may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that any particular claim including such an introduced claim recitation is limited to an embodiment including only one such recitation by the indefinite article "a" or "an" to introduce the claim recitation. This is true even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "a kind" (e.g., "a" and / or "a kind" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of introduced claim recitations is explicitly recited, one skilled in the art will recognize that such a recitation should be interpreted as meaning at least the stated number (e.g., a bare recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). In addition, in those instances where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, generally speaking, the meaning of such a construction is that one skilled in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B simultaneously, A and C simultaneously, B and C simultaneously, and / or A, B, and C simultaneously, etc.). In those instances where a convention similar to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, generally speaking, such construction is meant to be understood by one skilled in the art (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B simultaneously, A and C simultaneously, B and C simultaneously, and / or A, B, and C simultaneously, etc.).It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that, in fact, any separate words and / or phrases presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims or drawings, should be understood to consider the possibility of including one of the terms, any of the terms, or both of the terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B". In addition, as used herein, the term "any of..." followed by a listing of multiple items and / or multiple item categories is intended to include "any of", "any combination", "any multiples" and / or "any combination of multiples" of items and / or item categories, either alone or in combination with other items and / or other item categories. In addition, as used herein, the term "group" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. In addition, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number, including zero. And, as used herein, the term "multiple" is intended to be synonymous with "multiple".

[0544] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0545] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for any and all purposes (such as for providing a written description), all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible sub-ranges and combinations of their sub-ranges. Any listed range can be easily identified as fully describing and enabling the same range to be divided into at least equal halves, one-third, one-quarter, one-fifth, one-tenth, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be easily divided into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, all languages ​​such as "up to", "at least", "greater than", "less than", and the like include the cited numbers and refer to the ranges that can be subsequently divided into sub-ranges as described above. Finally, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the range includes each individual number. Therefore, for example, a group having 1 to 3 units refers to a group having 1, 2, or 3 units. Similarly, a group having 1 to 5 units refers to a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 units, etc.

[0546] Furthermore, the claims should not be read as limited to the order or elements presented unless otherwise stated. Additionally, the use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, or means-plus-function claim format, and any claim without the term "means for..." is not intended to be so.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: A processor and a transceiver configured to: receiving configuration information indicating a first set of transmission configuration index (TCI) states associated with a first scrambling identifier (ID) and a second set of TCI states associated with a second scrambling ID, receiving channel state information (CSI) reporting information indicating a first CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set associated with a first set of TCI states and a second CSI-RS resource set associated with a second set of TCI states, reporting first CSI, the first CSI comprising information indicating a quality of a first CSI-RS resource set based on one or more first measurements, wherein the one or more first measurements are based on the first CSI-RS resource set and a first scrambling ID, and Reporting a second CSI based on (1) the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set is less than a first threshold and (2) the difference between the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set and the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set based on one or more second measurements is greater than a second threshold, wherein the second CSI includes information indicating the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set and a CSI-RS resource set indicator associated with the second CSI-RS resource set, wherein the one or more second measurements are based on the second CSI-RS resource set and a second scrambling ID.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the first scrambling ID is different from the second scrambling ID.

3. The WTRU of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the first measurement is performed using at least one TCI state in a first set of TCI states.

4. The WTRU of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the second measurement is performed using at least one TCI state in a second set of TCI states.

5. The WTRU of claim 4, wherein respective TCI states in the first set of TCI states are each different from respective TCI states in the second set of TCI states.

6. The WTRU of claim 4, wherein at least one TCI state in the first set of TCI states is the same as at least one TCI state in the second set of TCI states.

7. The WTRU of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the processor and the transceiver are configured to: Based on the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set being less than a first threshold, the second CSI-RS resource set is activated and the first CSI-RS resource set is deactivated.

8. The WTRU of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the processor and the transceiver are configured to: receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission using a TCI state in a second set of TCI states, Based on the PDCCH transmission, the second CSI-RS resource set is activated and the first CSI-RS resource set is deactivated.

9. The WTRU of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the processor and the transceiver are configured to determine one or more TCI states in a first set of TCI states, The first measurement is performed using the first CSI-RS resource set, the first scrambling ID, and one or more TCI states in the first group of the determined first group of TCI states.

10. The WTRU of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the processor and the transceiver are configured to determine one or more TCI states in a second set of TCI states, The second measurement is performed using a second CSI-RS resource set, a second scrambling ID, and one or more TCI states in the determined second set of TCI states.

11. The WTRU of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the processor and the transceiver are configured to: receiving information indicating a third set of TCI states associated with a third scrambling ID, performing a third measurement using a second CSI-RS resource set and a third scrambling ID associated with a third set of TCI states, and CSI is reported, the CSI including information indicating a quality of the second CSI-RS resource set based on the third measurement and a CSI-RS resource set indicator of the second CSI-RS resource set.

12. A WTRU according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set is determined using any one of a maximum measurement value, a minimum measurement value and / or an average measurement value of the first measurement, and / or the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set is associated with any one of a maximum measurement value, a minimum measurement value and / or an average measurement value of the second measurement.

13. The WTRU according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set and / or the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set comprises any one of a channel quality indicator (CQI), a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), or a reference signal received power (RSRP) value.

14. A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving configuration information indicating a first set of transmission configuration index (TCI) states associated with a first scrambling identifier (ID) and a second set of TCI states associated with a second scrambling ID; receiving channel state information (CSI) reporting information indicating a first CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set associated with a first set of TCI states and a second CSI-RS resource set associated with a second set of TCI states; reporting first CSI, the first CSI comprising information indicating a quality of a first CSI-RS resource set based on one or more first measurements, wherein the one or more first measurements are based on the first CSI-RS resource set and a first scrambling ID; as well as Reporting a second CSI based on (1) the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set being less than a first threshold and (2) the difference between the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set and the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set being greater than a second threshold based on one or more second measurements, wherein the second CSI includes information indicating the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set and a CSI-RS resource set indicator associated with the second CSI-RS resource set, wherein the one or more second measurements are based on the second CSI-RS resource set and a second scrambling ID. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first scrambling ID is different from the second scrambling ID.

16. The method according to any of claims 14-15, wherein the first measurement is performed using at least one TCI state of the first set of TCI states.

17. The method of any of claims 14-16, wherein the second measurement is performed using at least one TCI state of the second set of TCI states.

18. The WTRU of claim 17, wherein respective TCI states in the first set of TCI states are each different from respective TCI states in the second set of TCI states.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein at least one TCI state in the first set of TCI states is the same as at least one TCI state in the second set of TCI states.

20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising: Based on the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set being less than a first threshold, the second CSI-RS resource set is activated and the first CSI-RS resource set is deactivated.

21. The WTRU of any one of claims 14-20, further comprising: receiving a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission using a TCI state in a second set of TCI states, and Based on the PDCCH transmission, the second CSI-RS resource set is activated and the first CSI-RS resource set is deactivated.

22. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 21, further comprising: determining one or more TCI states in a first set of TCI states, The first measurement is performed using the first CSI-RS resource set, the first scrambling ID, and one or more TCI states in the first group of the determined first group of TCI states.

23. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 22, further comprising: determining one or more TCI states in a second set of TCI states, The second measurement is performed using a second CSI-RS resource set, a second scrambling ID, and one or more TCI states in the determined second set of TCI states.

24. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 23, further comprising: receiving information indicating a third set of TCI states associated with a third scrambling ID, performing a third measurement using a second CSI-RS resource set and a third scrambling ID associated with a third set of TCI states, and CSI is reported, the CSI including information indicating a quality of the second CSI-RS resource set based on the third measurement and a CSI-RS resource set indicator of the second CSI-RS resource set.

25. A method according to any one of claims 14-24, wherein the quality of the first CSI-RS resource set is determined using any one of a maximum measurement value, a minimum measurement value and / or an average measurement value of the first measurement, and / or the quality of the second CSI-RS resource set is associated with any one of a maximum measurement value, a minimum measurement value and / or an average measurement value of the second measurement.

26. The method of any of claims 14-25, wherein the quality comprises any of a channel quality indicator (CQI), a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), or a reference signal received power (RSRP) value.

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