Primary frequency modulation parameter optimization method and system for bulb tubular hydroelectric generating set

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of hydroelectric generation, and particularly relates to a primary frequency modulation parameter optimization method and system for a bulb tubular hydroelectric generating set, and the method comprises the steps: calculating primary frequency modulation under different loads during fixed frequency disturbance, and obtaining a working condition corresponding to a maximum value of a primary frequency modulation performance index as a most unfavorable working condition; setting a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and a decision variable constraint, and randomly generating a decision variable group according to the primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and the decision variable constraint; obtaining a primary frequency modulation performance objective function and a power reverse modulation performance objective function value according to the decision variable group, carrying out non-dominated rapid sorting and congestion degree evaluation, carrying out crossover variation through a genetic algorithm by taking the most unfavorable working condition as an optimized reference working condition, and selecting a cluster of an optimal solution; and then selecting a decision variable corresponding to a point closest to the original point in Euclidean distance as a primary frequency modulation optimization parameter. According to the invention, all working conditions can be covered, the optimal frequency modulation parameter is obtained, and the primary frequency modulation effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of hydropower generation, and in particular relates to a method and system for optimizing primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb tubular hydropower unit. Background Art

[0002] In the new power system, the grid connection of large-scale renewable energy has brought severe challenges to the frequency control of the power grid. Hydropower is one of the renewable energy sources. Hydropower is the main regulating power source in the power grid, and its primary frequency regulation characteristics are of great significance to the safety and stability of the power grid. The bulb-type tubular unit has been widely used in my country because of its good adaptability and economy in low-head power stations. Due to the low head and large flow rate, the water flow inertia of the bulb-type tubular unit water supply system is generally large, which greatly deteriorates the primary frequency regulation performance of the hydropower unit on the one hand; on the other hand, it causes a larger proportion of power reverse regulation, which not only fails to provide effective frequency support, but also offsets the correct output changes of other units, which is not conducive to the safety and stability of the power grid.

[0003] In the related art, the primary frequency regulation of a hydropower unit is mainly based on the comprehensive characteristic curve of the turbine model, or a local linearization model is used to simulate the primary frequency regulation performance of the hydropower unit. During the primary frequency regulation process, field tests are usually carried out for a certain working condition, and the frequency regulation parameters are determined based on the actual results.

[0004] Regarding the above-mentioned related technologies, frequency modulation for a single working condition and on-site test frequency modulation cannot fully cover all working conditions, and by manually changing the frequency modulation parameters, it is also impossible to obtain the optimal primary frequency modulation parameters, so that its performance cannot reach the optimal level. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and system for optimizing the primary frequency regulation parameters of a bulb-type tubular hydropower unit, which can cover all working conditions, obtain the optimal frequency regulation parameters, and improve the effect of primary frequency regulation.

[0006] A method for optimizing primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb tubular hydropower unit, comprising:

[0007] Between the maximum water head and the minimum water head of the hydropower unit, several characteristic water heads are taken to calculate the primary frequency modulation when disturbed at a fixed frequency under different loads, and the primary frequency modulation performance index of the hydropower unit under different working conditions is obtained, and the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency modulation performance index is obtained, and the primary frequency modulation performance index includes power reverse regulation, power lag time, power rise time and adjustment time. The working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency modulation performance index is taken as the most unfavorable working condition, and the working condition is composed of water head, guide vane opening and blade opening;

[0008] Setting a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and a decision variable constraint, wherein the decision variable is a primary frequency modulation parameter, and the primary frequency modulation parameter includes a regulator proportional link gain coefficient and a regulator integral link gain coefficient;

[0009] Randomly generate a decision variable group according to the primary frequency modulation performance indicator constraint and the decision variable constraint;

[0010] According to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation performance index and the primary frequency modulation performance objective function, first objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables are obtained;

[0011] According to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation parameter and the power reverse regulation performance objective function, obtaining second objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables;

[0012] Performing non-dominated quick sorting and congestion evaluation on the first objective function value and the second objective function value, taking the most unfavorable working condition as the optimized reference working condition, obtaining the parent population of multiple decision variables, and obtaining the child population by genetic mutation of the parent population until the number of iterations reaches the set number, thereby obtaining the optimal population in the iterative process;

[0013] The Euclidean distance between each individual in the optimal population and the origin is calculated, and the decision variable with the shortest Euclidean distance to the origin is selected as a primary frequency modulation optimization parameter.

[0014] Optionally, obtaining the power reverse regulation includes:

[0015] Obtain the characteristic curve of the fixed propeller model of the hydropower unit;

[0016] Obtaining the operating parameters of the hydropower unit from the characteristic curve of the fixed propeller model of the hydropower unit;

[0017] Establishing a flow characteristic curve and a torque characteristic curve according to the operating parameters, and obtaining a unit speed and a unit torque at any operating point according to the flow characteristic curve and the torque characteristic curve;

[0018] According to the unit speed and the unit torque, the active power of the hydroelectric generator set is calculated;

[0019] According to the active power and the preset formula, the power reverse regulation amount in the primary frequency modulation process is obtained.

[0020] Optionally, obtaining the power reverse regulation amount in a frequency modulation process according to the active power and a preset formula includes:

[0021] In a frequency modulation process, if it is a power increase process, the preset formula is:

[0022] P fp=P0-P min ;

[0023] If it is a power reduction process, the preset formula is:

[0024] P fp =P max -P0;

[0025] Among them, P0 is the active power of the unit before the primary frequency modulation action, P min is the minimum power during a frequency modulation operation, P max is the maximum power during a frequency modulation operation, P fp is the power reverse regulation.

[0026] Optionally, establishing a flow characteristic curve and a torque characteristic curve according to the operating parameters, and obtaining a unit speed and a unit torque at any operating point according to the flow characteristic curve and the torque characteristic curve includes:

[0027] The operating parameters include unit speed, unit flow rate and turbine efficiency;

[0028] According to the operating parameters, the unit flow rate, unit speed and turbine efficiency at different guide vane openings and blade openings are obtained, and a unit flow rate matrix and an efficiency matrix are formed;

[0029] According to the unit flow matrix, the efficiency matrix and the moment matrix formula, a unit moment matrix is ​​obtained;

[0030] Establish a flow characteristic curve and a torque characteristic curve according to the unit torque matrix, the efficiency matrix, the unit speed and the unit flow, and obtain the unit speed and unit torque at any operating point according to the flow characteristic curve and the torque characteristic curve;

[0031] The moment matrix formula is:

[0032]

[0033] Where n is the number of blade opening lines, m is the number of guide vane opening lines, i = 1, 2, 3...n, j = 1, 2, 3...m, k = 1, 2, 3...p, Q 11,i,j,k is the unit flow matrix, η i,j,k is the efficiency matrix, n 11,i,j,k is the unit speed, and P is the number of points read on each guide vane opening line.

[0034] Optionally, the setting of a frequency modulation performance indicator constraint and a decision variable constraint includes:

[0035] Obtain standard parameters of primary frequency modulation performance indicators;

[0036] Setting the primary frequency modulation performance index to be less than or equal to the standard parameter as a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint;

[0037] The parameter magnitude of the preset decision variable is obtained, and the parameter magnitude is used as the decision variable constraint.

[0038] Optional, including:

[0039] The primary frequency modulation performance objective function is:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, K P is the proportional gain coefficient of the regulator, K I is the gain coefficient of the integral link of the regulator, t hx is the power lag time, t 0.9 It is the time from the start of a frequency modulation action to the active power of the unit reaching 90% of the target value, t s It is the time from the start of a frequency modulation action to the absolute value of the deviation between the actual active power of the unit and the target value being less than 5%, t hx_s is the standard power lag time, t 0.9_s is the standard power rise time, t s-s Adjust the time to the standard;

[0042] The power reverse regulation performance objective function is:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, ΔP0 is the power disturbance in the primary frequency modulation process, P fp is the power reverse regulation.

[0045] A primary frequency modulation parameter optimization system for a bulb tubular hydropower unit, comprising:

[0046] The first calculation module is used to take a number of characteristic water heads between the maximum water head and the minimum water head of the hydropower unit, calculate the primary frequency regulation when the hydropower unit is disturbed at a fixed frequency under different loads, obtain the primary frequency regulation performance index of the hydropower unit under different working conditions, and obtain the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency regulation performance index, the primary frequency regulation performance index includes power reverse regulation, power lag time, power rise time and adjustment time, and take the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency regulation performance index as the most unfavorable working condition, the working condition is composed of water head, guide vane opening and blade opening;

[0047] A setting module, used to set a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and a decision variable constraint, the decision variable is a primary frequency modulation parameter, and the primary frequency modulation parameter includes a regulator proportional link gain coefficient and a regulator integral link gain coefficient;

[0048] A generating module, used for randomly generating a decision variable group according to the primary frequency modulation performance indicator constraint and the decision variable constraint;

[0049] A second calculation module, used for obtaining first objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables according to the decision variable group, the primary frequency regulation performance index and the primary frequency regulation performance objective function;

[0050] A third calculation module, used for obtaining second objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables according to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation parameter and the power reverse regulation performance objective function;

[0051] An iteration module is used to perform non-dominated quick sorting and congestion evaluation on the first objective function value and the second objective function value, take the most unfavorable working condition as the optimized reference working condition, obtain the parent population of multiple decision variables, and obtain the child population by genetic mutation of the parent population until the number of iterations reaches the set number, so as to obtain the optimal population in the iteration process;

[0052] The optimization module is used to calculate the Euclidean distance of each individual in the optimal population from the origin, and select the decision variable with the shortest Euclidean distance from the origin as a primary frequency modulation optimization parameter.

[0053] Optionally, the setting module includes:

[0054] A first acquisition unit, used to acquire standard parameters of a primary frequency modulation performance indicator;

[0055] A setting unit, used for setting the primary frequency modulation performance index to be less than or equal to the standard parameter as a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint;

[0056] The second acquisition unit is used to acquire the parameter magnitude of the preset decision variable and use the parameter magnitude as the decision variable constraint.

[0057] A terminal device comprises a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor. When the processor loads and executes the computer program, a method for optimizing the primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit is adopted.

[0058] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is loaded and executed by a processor, a method for optimizing the primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit is adopted.

[0059] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0060] Between the maximum head and the minimum head of the hydropower unit, multiple characteristic heads are removed respectively, and the primary frequency modulation under different loads at a fixed frequency disturbance is calculated to obtain the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency modulation performance index as the most unfavorable working condition, and then the most unfavorable working condition is used as the basic working condition for parameter optimization. First, the primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and the decision variable constraint are set, and then the decision variable group is randomly generated. According to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation performance objective function and the power reverse modulation performance objective function value are calculated, and non-dominated quick sorting and congestion evaluation are performed on them. It is continuously iterated by genetic variation, and the optimal population is output when the number of iterations is reached. The decision variable with the closest Euclidean distance to the origin is selected from the optimal population as the primary frequency modulation optimization parameter. The present application has the ability to modulate the frequency of all working conditions, obtain the optimal frequency modulation parameters, and improve the primary frequency modulation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb tubular hydropower unit according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the characteristic curve of the fixed propeller model of the hydropower unit of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the flow characteristic curve of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the torque characteristic curve of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the speed regulating system of the hydropower unit of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of power reverse modulation during a primary frequency modulation process of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the lag time in the primary frequency modulation process of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the rise time in a primary frequency modulation process of the present invention;

[0069] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of adjusting time during a frequency modulation process of the present invention;

[0070] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a frontier solution set obtained by optimizing a method for optimizing primary frequency regulation parameters of a bulb tubular hydropower unit according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] A method for optimizing the primary frequency regulation parameters of bulb tubular hydropower units, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0072] S100. Take several characteristic water heads between the maximum water head and the minimum water head of the hydropower unit, calculate the primary frequency regulation when disturbed at a fixed frequency under different loads, obtain the primary frequency regulation performance index of the hydropower unit under different working conditions, and obtain the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency regulation performance index. The primary frequency regulation performance index includes power reverse regulation, power lag time, power rise time and adjustment time. The working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency regulation performance index is taken as the most unfavorable working condition. The working condition is composed of water head, guide vane opening and blade opening.

[0073] Specifically, in this embodiment, the primary frequency modulation during fixed frequency disturbance adopts a fixed frequency of ±0.2 Hz, 5 characteristic heads are selected, and different loads are selected as 10% Pr, 30% Pr, 50% Pr, 70% Pr and 90% Pr, respectively, where Pr is the rated output of the unit, that is, the load.

[0074] The maximum head and minimum head of a hydropower unit are the highest and lowest water levels allowed during the actual operation of the hydropower unit.

[0075] The primary frequency regulation performance indicators include power lag time t hx , power rise time t 0.9 , power stabilization time t s And the power reverse regulation P fp .

[0076] During a frequency modulation process, the larger the frequency modulation performance index is, the worse the frequency modulation effect is.

[0077] Power reverse regulation refers to the power adjustment made by generators or other power equipment to maintain system frequency stability when the system faces load changes or frequency fluctuations.

[0078] Obtaining the power reverse regulation includes:

[0079] Obtain the characteristic curve of the fixed propeller model of the hydropower unit.

[0080] Specifically, the fixed-propeller model characteristic curve of a hydropower unit is composed of the comprehensive characteristic curves of the turbine under different blade openings, reflecting the comprehensive characteristics of the turbine under each guide vane and blade opening. These curves express the relationship between the working efficiency, power output, speed and flow of the hydropower unit through a series of parameters. Figure 2 shown.

[0081] The operating parameters of the hydropower unit are obtained from the characteristic curve of the fixed propeller model of the hydropower unit.

[0082] Specifically, the operating parameters include unit speed, unit flow and turbine efficiency. The unit speed, unit flow and turbine efficiency are read along the equal guide vane opening line on the fixed blade characteristic curve of the bulb tubular turbine.

[0083] A flow characteristic curve and a torque characteristic curve are established according to the operating parameters, and the unit speed and unit torque at any operating point are obtained according to the flow characteristic curve and the torque characteristic curve.

[0084] Specifically, the flow characteristic curve diagram is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the torque characteristic curve diagram is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0085] Specifically, according to different guide vane openings, unit flow rates corresponding to blade openings and turbine efficiencies, blade opening matrix, guide vane opening matrix, unit flow rate matrix and efficiency matrix are obtained.

[0086] The active power of the hydropower unit is calculated based on the unit speed and unit torque.

[0087] Specifically, the active power calculation method of the turbine is:

[0088]

[0089] M=M 11 D1 3 H

[0090]

[0091] Among them, Q is the real machine flow, n is the real machine speed, n 11 is the unit speed, H is the water head, D1 is the diameter of the turbine runner, M is the true machine torque, M 11 is the unit torque, and P is the real machine active power.

[0092] According to the active power and the preset formula, the power reverse regulation amount in the primary frequency modulation process is obtained.

[0093] According to the active power and the preset formula, the power reverse regulation in the primary frequency modulation process includes:

[0094] In a frequency modulation process, if it is a power increase process, the preset formula is:

[0095] P fp =P0-P min .

[0096] If it is a power reduction process, the preset formula is:

[0097] P fp =P max -P0.

[0098] Among them, P0 is the active power of the unit before the primary frequency modulation action, P min is the minimum power during a frequency modulation operation, P max is the maximum power during a frequency modulation operation, P fp is the power reverse regulation.

[0099] The bulb tubular turbine is mainly used in hydropower stations with low head and large flow. The water delivery system has a simple layout and a short length. The rigid water hammer model can accurately simulate the water hammer characteristics in the flow channel, as shown in the following formula.

[0100]

[0101] Where: q and h are the Laplace transforms of the per-unit values ​​of the turbine flow and turbine working head, respectively; s is the Laplace operator; Tw is the water flow inertia time constant; L is the length of the water delivery system; V is the water flow velocity in the water delivery system at rated flow; g is the gravitational acceleration; and Hr is the rated water head of the turbine.

[0102] Due to the existence of water hammer characteristics, the power change of the turbine is not monotonic, but fluctuates. Therefore, when calculating the power reverse regulation, if the power increases, the minimum power is found to obtain the power reverse regulation. If the power decreases, the maximum power is found to obtain the power reverse regulation.

[0103] The flow characteristic curve and torque characteristic curve are established according to the operating parameters, and the unit speed and unit torque of any operating point are obtained according to the flow characteristic curve and torque characteristic curve, including:

[0104] The operating parameters include unit speed, unit flow rate and turbine efficiency.

[0105] According to the operating parameters, the unit flow rate, unit speed and turbine efficiency at different guide vane openings and blade openings are obtained, and a unit flow matrix and an efficiency matrix are formed.

[0106] According to the unit flow matrix, efficiency matrix and moment matrix formula, the unit moment matrix is ​​obtained.

[0107] A flow characteristic curve and a torque characteristic curve are established according to the unit torque matrix, the efficiency matrix, the unit speed and the unit flow, and the unit speed and the unit torque at any operating point are obtained according to the flow characteristic curve and the torque characteristic curve.

[0108] The moment matrix formula is:

[0109]

[0110] Where n is the number of blade opening lines, m is the number of guide vane opening lines, i = 1, 2, 3...n, j = 1, 2, 3...m, k = 1, 2, 3...p, Q 11,i,j,k is the unit flow matrix, η i,j,k is the efficiency matrix, n 11,i,j,k is the unit speed, and p is the number of points read on each guide vane opening line.

[0111] S110, setting a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and a decision variable constraint, where the decision variable is a primary frequency modulation parameter, and the primary frequency modulation parameter includes a regulator proportional link gain coefficient and a regulator integral link gain coefficient.

[0112] Setting primary frequency modulation performance index constraints and decision variable constraints includes:

[0113] Get the standard parameters of primary frequency modulation performance indicators.

[0114] Specifically, the standard parameters of primary frequency modulation performance indicators are:

[0115] In this embodiment, the standard parameters used are power hysteresis time of 8 seconds, power rise time of 15 seconds, and power stabilization time of 30 seconds. Therefore, in the actual frequency modulation process, it is necessary to ensure that the actual primary frequency modulation performance index is less than or equal to the corresponding standard parameters.

[0116] Set the primary frequency modulation performance index to be less than or equal to the standard parameter as the primary frequency modulation performance index constraint.

[0117] Specifically:

[0118]

[0119] Among them, t hx-s is the standard power lag time, t 0.9_s is the standard power rise time, t s_s is the standard power stabilization time.

[0120] Get the parameter magnitude of the preset decision variable and use the parameter magnitude as the decision variable constraint.

[0121] Specifically, for the hydropower units that have been put into operation, the inherent characteristics of the guide blade actuator are fixed values ​​and cannot be adjusted. The primary frequency regulation performance can only be optimized by changing the speed governor controller parameters. Therefore, the speed governor control parameter K is selected. p and K I as a decision variable.

[0122] The speed control system model of a hydropower unit includes a regulator and a hydraulic actuator. The regulator currently mainly uses a PID control model. Compared with a Francis turbine and a fixed-blade turbine, the blades of a rotary blade turbine are adjustable, and the hydraulic actuator is more complex. In addition to the guide vane actuator, the blade actuator model also needs to be considered. The entire speed control system model is as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0123] Figure 5 In, K p is the proportional gain coefficient of the regulator, K D is the gain coefficient of the differential link of the regulator, T lv K is the time constant of the differential link of the regulator, I is the gain coefficient of the regulator integral link, b p is the permanent slip coefficient; K PE1 is the proportional gain coefficient of the guide vane actuator, K DE1 is the gain coefficient of the differential link of the guide vane actuator, K IE1 is the integral gain coefficient of the guide vane actuator, V max1 is the maximum speed limit of the guide vane opening, V min1 is the maximum closing speed limit of the guide vane, T y1 The guide vane relay reaction time constant, τ1 is the guide vane opening output delay, T R1 K is the guide vane opening measurement delay, pE2 is the proportional gain coefficient of the blade actuator, K DE2 is the gain coefficient of the differential link of the blade actuator, K IE2 is the integral gain coefficient of the blade actuator, V max2 The maximum speed limit for the blade opening, V min2 is the maximum speed limit of blade closing, T y2 The blade relay reaction time constant, τ2 is the blade opening output delay, T R2 Delay for blade opening measurement.

[0124] Speed ​​governor control parameter K p and K I With upper and lower bounds, K p 0.5~20, K I It is 0.05~10.

[0125] In actual operation, the hydropower unit sets the precision of the control parameters to two significant digits after the decimal point, and the magnitude constraint of the decision variable is shown in the formula:

[0126] M[K P ,K I ]=0.01;

[0127] Where M[] represents the magnitude of the decision variable.

[0128] S120. Randomly generate a decision variable group according to the primary frequency modulation performance indicator constraint and the decision variable constraint.

[0129] Specifically, according to the calculated primary frequency regulation performance index corresponding to the most unfavorable working condition as the optimized reference working condition, the power reverse regulation schematic diagram, hysteresis time schematic diagram, rise time schematic diagram and adjustment time schematic diagram corresponding to the most unfavorable working condition in the primary frequency regulation process are respectively as follows: Figures 6 to 9 shown.

[0130] S130. Obtain first objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables according to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation performance index, and the primary frequency modulation performance objective function.

[0131] The primary frequency modulation performance objective function is:

[0132]

[0133] Among them, K P is the proportional gain coefficient of the regulator, K I is the gain coefficient of the integral link of the regulator, t hx is the power lag time, t 0.9 It is the time from the start of a frequency modulation action to the active power of the unit reaching 90% of the target value, t s It is the time from the start of a frequency modulation action to the absolute value of the deviation between the actual active power of the unit and the target value being less than 5%, t hx-s is the standard power lag time, t 0.9-s is the standard power rise time, t s-s Adjust the time to the standard.

[0134] The power reverse regulation performance objective function is:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, ΔP0 is the power disturbance in the primary frequency modulation process, P fp is the power reverse regulation.

[0137] S140, obtaining second objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables according to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation parameter and the power reverse regulation performance objective function.

[0138] S150, performing non-dominated quick sorting and congestion evaluation on the first objective function value and the second objective function value, taking the most unfavorable working condition as the reference working condition for optimization, obtaining the parent population of multiple decision variables, and obtaining the child population through genetic mutation of the parent population until the number of iterations reaches the set number, thereby obtaining the optimal population in the iterative process.

[0139] Specifically, the algorithm is initialized first, and the relevant parameters of the multi-objective genetic algorithm are set, including: population size N, maximum number of evolutions Gnum, crossover algorithm distribution index δ1, mutation algorithm distribution index δ2, objective function dimension V m , size of decision variable set N j ; Set the initial operating parameters of the unit including: initial water head H0, initial flow Q0, initial load P0, initial guide vane opening Y0, initial blade opening Z0, etc.; Set the frequency disturbance to ±0.2Hz, and set the guide vane actuator parameters according to the actual measurement results of the governor; Set the relevant parameters according to the turbine parameters and unit design data including: turbine rated water head H r , Rated flow Q r , rated output Pr, rated speed n r , water flow inertia time parameter T of water delivery system w etc.; Set the upper and lower bounds of the decision variables to [K P _min, K P _max], [K I _min, K I _max]; Set the current evolutionary generation k=1.

[0140] According to the constraints, randomly generate the initial decision variable X i _0=(KP,KI), i=1, 2,...,N.

[0141] A primary frequency modulation simulation of the bulb flow-through unit is carried out to obtain the active power variation process of the unit, calculate the power reverse modulation value Pfp, power lag time thx, power rise time t0.9, and regulation time ts, and obtain the two objective function index values ​​Obj1 and Obj2.

[0142] According to the two objective function values ​​of the individuals, non-dominated quick sorting and crowding evaluation are performed to obtain the kth generation population G containing N individuals. k =(X1,X2,X3,…,X n ), X i =(K P ,K I ), i=1, 2,…,N.

[0143] The previous generation population is used as the parent population, and a new generation population G is generated through genetic operations. k ', and use the new generation population as the child population of the parent population.

[0144] Check whether the current evolutionary generation k reaches the maximum evolutionary generation G num , if k = G num , output the optimal population as the optimal solution set, if k <G num, the parent population G k and the offspring population G k 'Merge to generate the next generation population G k+1 , as the initial decision variable.

[0145] During optimization

[0146] The non-dominated solution set (Pareto distribution) obtained by multi-objective optimization based on NSGA-II is shown in the attached figure. Fig.10 As shown. Using the optimal compatible solution optimization method based on the ideal equilibrium point, the point with the smallest Euclidean distance from the origin is selected as the actual parameter point, as shown in Fig.10 Shown by the dashed line.

[0147] S160, calculating the Euclidean distance of each individual in the optimal population from the origin, and selecting the decision variable with the shortest Euclidean distance from the origin as a primary frequency modulation optimization parameter.

[0148] Specifically, different working conditions correspond to different primary frequency regulation optimization parameters.

[0149] A primary frequency modulation parameter optimization system for a bulb tubular hydropower unit, comprising:

[0150] The first calculation module is used to take several characteristic water heads between the maximum water head and the minimum water head of the hydropower unit, calculate the primary frequency regulation when disturbed at a fixed frequency under different loads, obtain the primary frequency regulation performance index of the hydropower unit under different working conditions, and obtain the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency regulation performance index. The primary frequency regulation performance index includes power reverse regulation, power lag time, power rise time and adjustment time. The working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency regulation performance index is taken as the most unfavorable working condition. The working condition is composed of water head, guide vane opening and blade opening;

[0151] A setting module is used to set the primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and the decision variable constraint, the decision variable is the primary frequency modulation parameter, and the primary frequency modulation parameter includes the regulator proportional link gain coefficient and the regulator integral link gain coefficient;

[0152] A generation module, used for randomly generating a decision variable group according to a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and a decision variable constraint;

[0153] A second calculation module is used to obtain first objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables according to the decision variable group, the primary frequency regulation performance index and the primary frequency regulation performance objective function;

[0154] A third calculation module is used to obtain second objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables according to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation parameter and the power reverse regulation performance objective function;

[0155] An iteration module is used to perform non-dominated quick sorting and congestion evaluation on the first objective function value and the second objective function value, take the most unfavorable working condition as the optimized benchmark working condition, obtain the parent population of multiple decision variables, and obtain the child population through genetic mutation of the parent population until the number of iterations reaches the set number, thereby obtaining the optimal population in the iteration process;

[0156] The optimization module is used to calculate the Euclidean distance of each individual in the optimal population from the origin, and select the decision variable with the shortest Euclidean distance from the origin as the primary frequency modulation optimization parameter.

[0157] The embodiment of the present application also discloses a terminal device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor. When the processor loads and executes the computer program, a method for optimizing the primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit is adopted.

[0158] The terminal device may be a computer device such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer or a cloud server, and the terminal device includes but is not limited to a processor and a memory. For example, the terminal device may also include input and output devices, a network access device and a bus.

[0159] Among them, the processor can adopt a central processing unit (CPU). Of course, according to actual usage, other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. can also be adopted. The general-purpose processor can adopt a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc., and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0160] Among them, the memory can be an internal storage unit of the terminal device, such as a hard disk or memory of the terminal device, or it can be an external storage device of the terminal device, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (SMC), a secure digital card (SD) or a flash memory card (FC) equipped on the terminal device, etc., and the memory can also be a combination of an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the terminal device. The memory is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the terminal device. The memory can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0161] Among them, through this terminal device, a method for optimizing the primary frequency regulation parameters of a bulb-type cross-flow hydropower unit in the above embodiment is stored in the memory of the terminal device, and is loaded and executed on the processor of the terminal device for easy use.

[0162] The embodiment of the present application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, a method for optimizing the primary frequency regulation parameters of a bulb-type cross-flow hydropower unit in the above embodiment is adopted.

[0163] Among them, the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable medium, the computer program includes computer program code, the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or certain middleware, etc. The computer-readable medium includes any entity or device that can carry the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the computer-readable medium includes but is not limited to the above-mentioned components.

[0164] Among them, through this computer-readable storage medium, a method for optimizing the primary frequency regulation parameters of a bulb-type cross-flow hydropower unit in the above embodiment is stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and is loaded and executed on a processor to facilitate the storage and application of the above method.

[0165] A person skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of protection of the present application is limited to these examples. In line with the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0166] One or more embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the present application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit, characterized in that: include: Between the maximum water head and the minimum water head of the hydropower unit, several characteristic water heads are taken to calculate the primary frequency modulation when disturbed at a fixed frequency under different loads, and the primary frequency modulation performance index of the hydropower unit under different working conditions is obtained, and the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency modulation performance index is obtained, and the primary frequency modulation performance index includes power reverse regulation, power lag time, power rise time and adjustment time. The working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency modulation performance index is taken as the most unfavorable working condition, and the working condition is composed of water head, guide vane opening and blade opening; Setting a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and a decision variable constraint, wherein the decision variable is a primary frequency modulation parameter, and the primary frequency modulation parameter includes a regulator proportional link gain coefficient and a regulator integral link gain coefficient; Randomly generate a decision variable group according to the primary frequency modulation performance indicator constraint and the decision variable constraint; According to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation performance index and the primary frequency modulation performance objective function, obtaining first objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables; According to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation parameter and the power reverse regulation performance objective function, obtaining second objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables; Performing non-dominated quick sorting and congestion evaluation on the first objective function value and the second objective function value, taking the most unfavorable working condition as the optimized reference working condition, obtaining the parent population of multiple decision variables, and obtaining the child population by genetic mutation of the parent population until the number of iterations reaches the set number, thereby obtaining the optimal population in the iterative process; The Euclidean distance between each individual in the optimal population and the origin is calculated, and the decision variable with the shortest Euclidean distance to the origin is selected as a primary frequency modulation optimization parameter.

2. The method for optimizing primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtaining the power reverse regulation includes: Obtain the characteristic curve of the fixed propeller model of the hydropower unit; Obtaining the operating parameters of the hydropower unit from the characteristic curve of the fixed propeller model of the hydropower unit; Establishing a flow characteristic curve and a torque characteristic curve according to the operating parameters, and obtaining a unit speed and a unit torque at any operating point according to the flow characteristic curve and the torque characteristic curve; According to the unit speed and the unit torque, the active power of the hydroelectric generator set is calculated; According to the active power and the preset formula, the power reverse regulation amount in the primary frequency modulation process is obtained.

3. The method for optimizing primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the power reverse regulation amount in a frequency modulation process according to the active power and the preset formula includes: In a frequency modulation process, if it is a power increase process, the preset formula is: P fp =P0-P min ; If it is a power reduction process, the preset formula is: P fp =P max -P0; Among them, P0 is the active power of the unit before the primary frequency modulation action, P min is the minimum power during a frequency modulation operation, P max is the maximum power during a frequency modulation operation, P fp is the power reverse regulation.

4. The method for optimizing primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The establishing of a flow characteristic curve and a torque characteristic curve according to the operating parameters, and obtaining a unit speed and a unit torque at any operating point according to the flow characteristic curve and the torque characteristic curve comprises: The operating parameters include unit speed, unit flow rate and turbine efficiency; According to the operating parameters, the unit flow rate, unit speed and turbine efficiency at different guide vane openings and blade openings are obtained, and a unit flow rate matrix and an efficiency matrix are formed; According to the unit flow matrix, the efficiency matrix and the moment matrix formula, a unit moment matrix is ​​obtained; Establish a flow characteristic curve and a torque characteristic curve according to the unit torque matrix, the efficiency matrix, the unit speed and the unit flow, and obtain the unit speed and unit torque at any operating point according to the flow characteristic curve and the torque characteristic curve; The moment matrix formula is: Where n is the number of blade opening lines, m is the number of guide vane opening lines, i = 1, 2, 3...n, j = 1, 2, 3...m, k = 1, 2, 3...p, Q 11,i,j,k is the unit flow matrix, η i,j,k is the efficiency matrix, n 11,i,j,k is the unit speed, and P is the number of points read on each guide vane opening line.

5. The method for optimizing primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The setting of primary frequency modulation performance index constraints and decision variable constraints includes: Obtain standard parameters of primary frequency modulation performance indicators; Setting the primary frequency modulation performance index to be less than or equal to the standard parameter as a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint; The parameter magnitude of the preset decision variable is obtained, and the parameter magnitude is used as the decision variable constraint.

6. The method for optimizing primary frequency modulation parameters of a bulb-type hydropower unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: The primary frequency modulation performance objective function is: Among them, K P is the proportional gain coefficient of the regulator, K I is the gain coefficient of the integral link of the regulator, t hx is the power lag time, t 0.9 It is the time from the start of a frequency modulation action to the active power of the unit reaching 90% of the target value, t s It is the time from the start of a frequency modulation action to the absolute value of the deviation between the actual active power of the unit and the target value being less than 5%, t hx-s is the standard power lag time, t 0.9-s is the standard power rise time, t s-s Adjust the time to the standard; The power reverse regulation performance objective function is: Among them, ΔP0 is the power disturbance in the primary frequency modulation process, P fp is the power reverse regulation.

7. A primary frequency modulation parameter optimization system for bulb tubular hydropower units, characterized in that it includes: The first calculation module is used to take a number of characteristic water heads between the maximum water head and the minimum water head of the hydropower unit, calculate the primary frequency regulation when the disturbance is at a fixed frequency under different loads, obtain the primary frequency regulation performance index of the hydropower unit under different working conditions, and obtain the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency regulation performance index, the primary frequency regulation performance index includes power reverse regulation, power lag time, power rise time and adjustment time, and take the working condition corresponding to the maximum value of the primary frequency regulation performance index as the most unfavorable working condition, the working condition is composed of water head, guide vane opening and blade opening; A setting module, used to set a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint and a decision variable constraint, the decision variable is a primary frequency modulation parameter, and the primary frequency modulation parameter includes a regulator proportional link gain coefficient and a regulator integral link gain coefficient; A generating module, used for randomly generating a decision variable group according to the primary frequency modulation performance indicator constraint and the decision variable constraint; A second calculation module, configured to obtain first objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables according to the decision variable group, the primary frequency regulation performance index and the primary frequency regulation performance objective function; A third calculation module, used for obtaining second objective function values ​​corresponding to different decision variables according to the decision variable group, the primary frequency modulation parameter and the power reverse regulation performance objective function; An iteration module is used to perform non-dominated quick sorting and congestion evaluation on the first objective function value and the second objective function value, take the most unfavorable working condition as the optimized reference working condition, obtain the parent population of multiple decision variables, and obtain the child population by genetic mutation of the parent population until the number of iterations reaches the set number, so as to obtain the optimal population in the iteration process; The optimization module is used to calculate the Euclidean distance of each individual in the optimal population from the origin, and select the decision variable with the shortest Euclidean distance from the origin as a primary frequency modulation optimization parameter.

8. The primary frequency modulation parameter optimization system of bulb tubular hydropower unit according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The setting module includes: A first acquisition unit, used to acquire standard parameters of a primary frequency modulation performance indicator; A setting unit, configured to set the primary frequency modulation performance index to be less than or equal to the standard parameter as a primary frequency modulation performance index constraint; The second acquisition unit is used to acquire the parameter magnitude of the preset decision variable and use the parameter magnitude as the decision variable constraint.

9. A terminal device, comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that: The memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, and when the processor loads and executes the computer program, the optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored therein, characterized in that: When the computer program is loaded and executed by a processor, the optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted.

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