On-board hydrogen system leakage detection device, detection method and train

Abstract

This application discloses an on-board hydrogen system leak detection device, detection method, and train; relating to the field of fuel cells, it solves the problem of inaccurate location of hydrogen leaks and the need to stop hydrogen supply, affecting vehicle operation. The controller of this application receives signals from each hydrogen concentration sensor in real time to monitor hydrogen leaks. Once the hydrogen concentration sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, it will issue an alarm signal. Based on the alarm sequence of the sensors in the first semi-enclosed container, the leak location is determined, and the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder's solenoid valve is closed to cut off the leak source. If the leak occurs in the hydrogen supply pipeline, the controller closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve and opens the backup pipeline solenoid valve to ensure uninterrupted hydrogen supply. Targeted control of the closure of hydrogen storage cylinders at potential leak locations avoids leaks or malfunctions that could prevent hydrogen supply disruptions, effectively preventing safety accidents caused by hydrogen leaks. The redundant design of the pipeline solenoid valves improves the system's reliability in the face of failures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular to an on-board hydrogen system leak detection device, detection method, and train. Background Technology

[0002] With the promotion and application of clean energy, hydrogen energy, as an efficient and clean energy source, is receiving increasing attention. In the field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the safety and reliability of on-board hydrogen storage systems are key technological issues.

[0003] Traditional onboard hydrogen storage systems typically have only one hydrogen supply line. In the event of a leak or malfunction, the entire system will be unable to supply hydrogen, affecting the vehicle's normal operation. When a hydrogen leak occurs, traditional systems often cannot quickly and accurately locate the leak point, leading to delayed action and increased safety risks. Even after a hydrogen leak is detected, traditional systems may require a considerable amount of time to respond and handle, potentially causing hydrogen accumulation and increasing the risk of explosion.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problem of not being able to accurately locate hydrogen leaks and having to stop hydrogen supply, which affects vehicle operation, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by people in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an on-board hydrogen system leak detection device, detection method, and train to solve the problem that when hydrogen leaks, it is impossible to accurately locate the leak and the hydrogen supply needs to be stopped, affecting vehicle operation.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides an on-board hydrogen system leak detection device.

[0007] It is applied to multiple sets of hydrogen storage cylinders, including: multiple hydrogen concentration sensors, multiple cylinder port solenoid valves, multiple pipeline solenoid valves, a controller, a first semi-closed container, and a second semi-closed container; the hydrogen storage cylinders are arranged in the first semi-closed container, and the pipeline solenoid valves are arranged in the second semi-closed container;

[0008] Each hydrogen storage cylinder is equipped with a cylinder head solenoid valve, which is connected to one end of a plurality of pipeline solenoid valves via a gas pipeline. The other end of the plurality of pipeline solenoid valves is connected to a hydrogen-using device via a gas pipeline. A hydrogen concentration sensor is installed at the cylinder head of each group of hydrogen storage cylinders. A hydrogen concentration sensor is installed in the second semi-enclosed container. Each hydrogen concentration sensor, cylinder head solenoid valve, and pipeline solenoid valve is connected to a controller, and one of the pipeline solenoid valves can be selectively opened.

[0009] The controller closes the corresponding bottle neck solenoid valve according to the alarm sequence of the alarm signals issued by the hydrogen concentration sensor in the first semi-enclosed container, and closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve and opens another pipeline solenoid valve according to the alarm signal of the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-enclosed container.

[0010] As an alternative, in the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device, the number of pipeline solenoid valves in the second semi-enclosed container is two;

[0011] When the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-closed container emits an alarm signal, the controller closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve and opens another pipeline solenoid valve; if the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-closed container stops emitting alarm signals after a preset time, the current solenoid valve state is maintained and hydrogen supply continues; if the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-closed container continues to emit alarm signals after a preset time, all pipeline solenoid valves are closed and hydrogen supply stops.

[0012] As an alternative, the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device includes an aluminum alloy plate housing with openings at the top of the first semi-enclosed container and the second semi-enclosed container.

[0013] As an optional solution, the aforementioned vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device also includes: two ventilators;

[0014] A ventilation fan is installed at the top opening of each of the first semi-enclosed container and the second semi-enclosed container;

[0015] When the hydrogen concentration sensor issues an alarm signal, the controller activates the corresponding ventilation fan.

[0016] As an alternative, in the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device, the distance between each group of hydrogen storage cylinders is greater than the distance between each individual hydrogen storage cylinder in each group.

[0017] As an optional solution, the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device also includes: multiple one-way valves;

[0018] The pipeline solenoid valve is connected to the hydrogen-using equipment through each of the one-way valves.

[0019] As an optional solution, the aforementioned vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device also includes: a communication device;

[0020] When the hydrogen concentration sensor stops sending an alarm signal, the controller records the location and time of the current leak event, generates a maintenance report, and sends it to the monitoring center via the communication device.

[0021] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application also provides a method for detecting leaks in an on-board hydrogen system.

[0022] An on-board hydrogen system leak detection device includes: multiple sets of hydrogen storage cylinders, multiple hydrogen concentration sensors, multiple cylinder head solenoid valves, multiple pipeline solenoid valves, a controller, a first semi-closed container, and a second semi-closed container. The hydrogen storage cylinders are arranged in the first semi-closed container, and the pipeline solenoid valves are located in the second semi-closed container. Each hydrogen storage cylinder has a cylinder head solenoid valve at its opening, which is connected to one end of one of the multiple pipeline solenoid valves via a gas pipeline. The other end of each of the multiple pipeline solenoid valves is connected to a hydrogen-using device via a gas pipeline. One hydrogen concentration sensor is installed at the opening of each set of hydrogen storage cylinders. One hydrogen concentration sensor is installed in the second semi-closed container. Each hydrogen concentration sensor, cylinder head solenoid valve, and pipeline solenoid valve is connected to the controller, and one of the pipeline solenoid valves can be selectively opened. Correspondingly, the method includes:

[0023] The signals from the hydrogen concentration sensors in the first and second semi-enclosed containers are collected in real time.

[0024] If the hydrogen concentration sensor in the first semi-enclosed container issues an alarm signal, the corresponding bottle opening solenoid valve is closed according to the alarm sequence of the hydrogen concentration sensor.

[0025] If an alarm signal is received from the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-enclosed container, the currently open pipeline solenoid valve is closed and the other pipeline solenoid valve is opened.

[0026] As an optional solution, in the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection method, the step of closing the corresponding solenoid valve at the cylinder opening according to the alarm sequence of the hydrogen concentration sensor includes:

[0027] When an alarm signal is received from the first hydrogen concentration sensor, all solenoid valves at the nozzles of the corresponding group of hydrogen storage cylinders are closed.

[0028] If multiple hydrogen concentration sensors issue alarm signals after a preset time, then all solenoid valves at the bottle openings of the hydrogen storage cylinder corresponding to the second hydrogen concentration sensor that issued the alarm signal are closed until no hydrogen concentration sensor in the first semi-enclosed container issues an alarm signal.

[0029] If, after the preset time, all hydrogen concentration sensors stop issuing alarm signals, the current solenoid valve status will be maintained to continue supplying hydrogen.

[0030] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application also provides a rail train, including the aforementioned onboard hydrogen system leak detection device.

[0031] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device provided in this application includes: hydrogen storage cylinders arranged in a first semi-closed container, and pipeline solenoid valves arranged in a second semi-closed container; each hydrogen storage cylinder has a cylinder head solenoid valve, which is connected to one end of multiple pipeline solenoid valves via a gas pipeline, and the other end of the multiple pipeline solenoid valves is connected to a hydrogen-using device via a gas pipeline; one pipeline solenoid valve can be selectively opened; a hydrogen concentration sensor is installed at the cylinder head of each group of hydrogen storage cylinders; a hydrogen concentration sensor is installed in the second semi-closed container; each hydrogen concentration sensor, cylinder head solenoid valve, and pipeline solenoid valve is connected to a controller. The controller of this application receives signals from each hydrogen concentration sensor in real time to monitor hydrogen leakage. Once the hydrogen concentration sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, it will issue an alarm signal. Based on the alarm sequence of the sensors in the first semi-closed container, the controller determines the approximate location of the leak. Based on the leak location, the controller closes the cylinder head solenoid valve of the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder, cutting off the leak source. If a leak occurs in the hydrogen supply line, the controller closes the currently open solenoid valve and opens the backup solenoid valve to ensure uninterrupted hydrogen supply. Targeted control of potential leak locations in hydrogen storage cylinders prevents leaks or malfunctions from causing a loss of hydrogen supply, effectively preventing safety accidents caused by hydrogen leaks. The redundant design of the solenoid valves in the lines improves the system's reliability in the face of failures.

[0032] In addition, this application also provides a method and train for detecting leaks in an on-board hydrogen system, which corresponds to the above-mentioned on-board hydrogen system leak detection device and has the same effect. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of an on-board hydrogen system leak detection device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for detecting leaks in an on-board hydrogen system, as provided in this application embodiment;

[0036] Figure label:

[0037] 11-Hydrogen storage cylinder; 12-Hydrogen concentration sensor; 13-Cylinder solenoid valve; 14-Pipeline solenoid valve; 15-First semi-closed container; 16-Second semi-closed container; 17-One-way valve. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0039] The core of this application is to provide an on-board hydrogen system leakage detection device, detection method, and train.

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] Hydrogen energy, as a clean energy source, is increasingly being used in the automotive industry, especially in fuel cell trains. As a key component of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the safety and reliability of on-board hydrogen storage systems are paramount. With technological advancements, the design of on-board hydrogen storage systems is becoming increasingly complex and functionally diverse to meet higher safety standards and usage requirements.

[0042] Traditional onboard hydrogen storage systems typically have only one hydrogen supply line. In the event of a leak or malfunction, the entire system will cease supplying hydrogen, affecting the vehicle's normal operation. When a hydrogen leak occurs, traditional systems often cannot quickly and accurately locate the leak point, leading to delayed action and increased safety risks. Even after a leak is detected, traditional systems may require a lengthy response and handling period, potentially causing hydrogen accumulation and increasing the risk of explosion. Traditional systems may not be designed with redundancy in mind; if a major component malfunctions, the entire system may fail. When a leak occurs, traditional control systems may adopt a strategy of uniformly shutting down all valves, which could cause the entire system to stop supplying hydrogen even if only a partial leak occurs.

[0043] This application does not limit its application to any particular environment, such as fuel cell facilities in automobiles, rail trains, etc.

[0044] To address the aforementioned issues, this embodiment provides an on-board hydrogen system leak detection device. Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of an on-board hydrogen system leak detection device, as shown in the embodiment. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: multiple sets of hydrogen storage cylinders 11, multiple hydrogen concentration sensors 12, multiple bottle opening solenoid valves 13, multiple pipeline solenoid valves 14, a controller, a first semi-closed container 15, and a second semi-closed container 16; the hydrogen storage cylinders 11 are evenly arranged in the first semi-closed container 15, and the pipeline solenoid valves 14 are arranged in the second semi-closed container.

[0045] Each hydrogen storage cylinder 11 is equipped with a cylinder head solenoid valve 13 at its opening. The cylinder head solenoid valve 13 is connected to one end of a plurality of pipeline solenoid valves 14 via a gas pipeline, and the other end of the plurality of pipeline solenoid valves 14 is connected to a hydrogen-using device via a gas pipeline. A hydrogen concentration sensor 12 is installed at the opening of each group of hydrogen storage cylinders 11. A hydrogen concentration sensor 12 is installed in the second semi-closed container 16. Each hydrogen concentration sensor 12, the cylinder head solenoid valve 13, and the pipeline solenoid valve 14 are connected to a controller.

[0046] The controller closes the corresponding bottle neck solenoid valve 13 according to the alarm sequence of the alarm signals issued by the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the first semi-closed container 15, and closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve 14 and opens another pipeline solenoid valve 14 according to the alarm signal of the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the second semi-closed container 16.

[0047] The hydrogen storage cylinder 11 is a container for storing hydrogen gas, typically made of high-strength materials to withstand high pressure. Different materials and shapes of hydrogen storage cylinders 11 can be selected, such as metal cylinders or composite material cylinders, to meet different safety and capacity requirements. This embodiment does not limit the number of hydrogen storage cylinders 11 in each group; for example, two or three are acceptable. The fewer the number in each group, the higher the control and monitoring accuracy. The required number can be set according to the actual installation space. Furthermore, there is a certain distance between each group of hydrogen storage cylinders 11, and the distance between each group of hydrogen storage cylinders 11 is greater than the distance between individual hydrogen storage cylinders 11 within each group, to ensure that the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 of each group can only detect hydrogen leakage within its own group.

[0048] Each hydrogen cylinder has a hydrogen concentration sensor 12 installed at its nozzle. Potential hydrogen leak points are as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the dashed circle, due to the characteristic of hydrogen gas rapidly diffusing upwards, if a hydrogen leak occurs in a certain group of hydrogen cylinders, it can be detected first by the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 above, and then by the hydrogen concentration sensors 12 of the surrounding cylinder groups. The hydrogen concentration sensor 12 will issue a hydrogen leak alarm, and the leaking cylinder group can be located by the order in which the sensors alarm.

[0049] The hydrogen concentration sensor 12 is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in real time and will issue an alarm signal once a leak is detected. Different types of sensors can be selected, such as electrochemical sensors and infrared sensors, based on sensitivity, response time, and cost.

[0050] A solenoid valve 13 is installed at the neck of the hydrogen storage cylinder 11 to control the outflow of hydrogen. Different types of solenoid valves can be selected according to specific requirements. A pipeline solenoid valve 14 is installed on the hydrogen supply pipeline to control the path of hydrogen flow to the hydrogen-using equipment. Multiple pipeline solenoid valves 14 are designed for redundancy to improve the reliability and safety of the system.

[0051] The controller is responsible for receiving sensor signals and issuing control commands.

[0052] The first semi-enclosed container 15 (hydrogen storage cylinder 11 container) is used to store the hydrogen storage cylinder 11. The semi-enclosed design facilitates the diffusion of hydrogen in case of leakage. The second semi-enclosed container 16 (pipeline container) is used to arrange hydrogen supply pipelines and solenoid valves.

[0053] The controller receives signals from each hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in real time to monitor for hydrogen leakage. Once a sensor detects an excessive hydrogen concentration, it issues an alarm signal. Based on the alarm sequence of the sensors in the first semi-enclosed container 15, the controller determines the approximate location of the leak. According to the leak location, the controller closes the solenoid valve 13 at the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder 11, cutting off the leak source. If the leak occurs in the hydrogen supply pipeline, the controller closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve 14 and opens the backup pipeline solenoid valve 14 to ensure uninterrupted hydrogen supply. After confirming that the leak is under control, the controller maintains the solenoid valve status, and the system resumes normal hydrogen supply.

[0054] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device provided in this application includes: multiple hydrogen storage cylinders 11, multiple hydrogen concentration sensors 12, multiple cylinder solenoid valves 13, multiple pipeline solenoid valves 14, a controller, a first semi-closed container 15, and a second semi-closed container 16. The hydrogen storage cylinders 11 are evenly arranged in the first semi-closed container 15, and the pipeline solenoid valves 14 are disposed in the second semi-closed container. Each hydrogen storage cylinder 11 has a cylinder solenoid valve 13 at its cylinder opening, and the cylinder solenoid valve 13 is connected to one end of the multiple pipeline solenoid valves 14 through a gas pipeline. The other end of the multiple pipeline solenoid valves 14 is connected to... The system is connected to the hydrogen-using equipment via gas pipelines. A hydrogen concentration sensor 12 is installed at the mouth of each hydrogen storage cylinder 11. A hydrogen concentration sensor 12 is also installed in the second semi-closed container 16. Each hydrogen concentration sensor 12, cylinder mouth solenoid valve 13, and pipeline solenoid valve 14 is connected to a controller. The controller closes the corresponding cylinder mouth solenoid valve 13 according to the alarm sequence of the hydrogen concentration sensors 12 in the first semi-closed container 15, and closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve 14 and opens another pipeline solenoid valve 14 according to the alarm signal of the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the second semi-closed container 16. The controller receives signals from each hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in real time to monitor hydrogen leakage. Once a hydrogen concentration sensor 12 detects that the hydrogen concentration exceeds the standard, it will issue an alarm signal. Based on the alarm sequence of the sensors in the first semi-closed container 15, the controller determines the approximate location of the leak. Based on the leak location, the controller closes the corresponding cylinder mouth solenoid valve 13 of the hydrogen storage cylinder 11, cutting off the leak source. If a leak occurs in the hydrogen supply line, the controller closes the currently open solenoid valve 14 and opens the backup solenoid valve 14 to ensure uninterrupted hydrogen supply. Targeted control closes the hydrogen storage cylinder 11 where a leak may occur, preventing leaks or malfunctions that could lead to a lack of hydrogen supply and effectively preventing safety accidents caused by hydrogen leaks. The redundant design of the solenoid valve 14 improves the system's reliability in the face of failures.

[0055] Specifically, the number of pipeline solenoid valves 14 in the second semi-enclosed container 16 is two;

[0056] When the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-closed container emits an alarm signal, the controller closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve 14 and opens another pipeline solenoid valve 14; if, after a preset time, the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the second semi-closed container 16 stops emitting alarm signals, the current solenoid valve state is maintained and hydrogen supply continues; if, after a preset time, the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the second semi-closed container 16 continues to emit alarm signals, all pipeline solenoid valves 14 are closed, and hydrogen supply stops.

[0057] The second semi-closed container 16 is equipped with two pipeline solenoid valves 14, forming a redundant design to ensure the continuity and safety of the hydrogen supply system. When the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the second semi-closed container 16 detects a leak and issues an alarm signal, the system will perform the following operations: close the currently open pipeline solenoid valve 14 to cut off the possible leak path. Simultaneously, open the other backup pipeline solenoid valve 14 to maintain the hydrogen supply to the hydrogen-using equipment.

[0058] Within a preset time (e.g., 20 seconds) after the switching operation, the system will assess the leak situation: If the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 stops emitting alarm signals, it indicates that the leak may have been controlled or the risk has been reduced, and the system will maintain the current solenoid valve state and continue to supply hydrogen. If the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 continues to emit alarm signals, it indicates that the leak is not under control or the risk still exists, and the system will take further safety measures. If the leak persists, the system will close all pipeline solenoid valves 14 and stop hydrogen supply to ensure system safety.

[0059] The preset time can be adjusted based on system safety requirements and response characteristics to achieve more accurate leak assessment and control. More pipeline solenoid valves 14 can be designed for redundancy to improve system reliability and flexibility.

[0060] In this embodiment, the system continuously monitors the hydrogen concentration to ensure timely detection of leaks. Once a leak is detected, the system quickly switches the pipeline solenoid valve 14 to maintain the continuity of the hydrogen supply system. Within a preset time, the system assesses the leak situation and decides whether to continue hydrogen supply or take further safety measures. If the leak persists, the system takes emergency measures to ensure overall safety.

[0061] According to the above embodiments, in one specific embodiment, the above-mentioned vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leakage detection device has an aluminum alloy plate box with openings at the top of the first semi-enclosed container 15 and the second semi-enclosed container 16.

[0062] Aluminum alloy is commonly chosen as the enclosure material due to its lightweight, high strength, and good corrosion resistance. The top opening design of the enclosure facilitates hydrogen diffusion and emission. Specifically, it also includes two fans; one fan is installed at the top opening of each of the first semi-enclosed container 15 and the second semi-enclosed container 16. When the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 issues an alarm signal, the controller activates the corresponding fan.

[0063] A ventilator is installed at the top opening of each of the first and second semi-enclosed containers 16 to actively control gas flow, accelerate the discharge of hydrogen, and reduce the risk of accumulation.

[0064] Ventilation fans can rapidly reduce hydrogen concentration, minimizing the risk of explosions and fires. Active ventilation controls the gas environment faster than natural diffusion, improving the system's emergency response capabilities. Ventilation fans can maintain gas flow under varying environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature and humidity.

[0065] According to the above embodiments, in one specific embodiment, it further includes: a plurality of one-way valves 17;

[0066] The pipeline solenoid valve 14 is connected to the hydrogen-using equipment through each of the one-way valves 17.

[0067] The one-way valve 17 allows fluid to flow in only one direction, preventing backflow. In a hydrogen system, this ensures that even in the event of a leak or other abnormality, hydrogen will not flow back into the hydrogen storage tank 11 or the sensor. The line solenoid valve 14 is connected to the hydrogen-using equipment via the one-way valve 17, forming a protection mechanism to ensure that the internal pressure of the system does not affect other components when the solenoid valve is closed.

[0068] During normal hydrogen supply, the solenoid valve opens, and hydrogen flows through check valve 17 to the hydrogen-using equipment, ensuring unidirectional hydrogen flow. When a leak is detected, the controller closes the corresponding solenoid valve, and check valve 17 prevents hydrogen backflow, reducing the risk of leakage. During system maintenance or component replacement, check valve 17 prevents air or other gases from flowing back into the hydrogen storage system, protecting the system from contamination.

[0069] In addition, each pipeline solenoid valve 14 is connected to valves such as pressure reducers, safety valves, and pressure sensors, meaning that each hydrogen supply pipeline has complete hydrogen supply functionality.

[0070] Specifically, it also includes: communication devices;

[0071] When the hydrogen concentration sensor stops sending an alarm signal, the controller records the location and time of the current leak event, generates a maintenance report, and sends it to the monitoring center via the communication device.

[0072] A ventilator is installed at the top opening of each of the first and second semi-enclosed containers 16 to improve gas exchange efficiency and accelerate the discharge of leaked hydrogen when a hydrogen leak is detected. When the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 issues an alarm signal, the controller will activate the ventilator of the corresponding container to quickly reduce the hydrogen concentration and minimize potential safety risks.

[0073] When hydrogen concentration sensor 12 stops emitting alarm signals, the system records detailed information about the leak event, including its location and time. The system generates a maintenance report, including a detailed description of the leak event, an impact assessment, and recommended maintenance measures, and sends the report to the monitoring center.

[0074] This application also provides a method for detecting leaks in an on-board hydrogen system, applied to an on-board hydrogen system leak detection device, comprising: multiple sets of hydrogen storage cylinders 11, multiple hydrogen concentration sensors 12, multiple cylinder solenoid valves 13, multiple pipeline solenoid valves 14, a controller, a first semi-closed container 15, and a second semi-closed container 16; the hydrogen storage cylinders 11 are evenly arranged in the first semi-closed container 15, and the pipeline solenoid valves 14 are disposed in the second semi-closed container; each hydrogen storage cylinder 11 has a cylinder solenoid valve 13 at its cylinder opening, and the cylinder solenoid valve 13 is connected to one end of the multiple pipeline solenoid valves 14 via a gas pipeline, and the other end of the multiple pipeline solenoid valves 14 is connected to a hydrogen-using device via a gas pipeline; one hydrogen concentration sensor 12 is disposed at the cylinder opening of each set of hydrogen storage cylinders 11; one hydrogen concentration sensor 12 is disposed in the second semi-closed container 16; each hydrogen concentration sensor 12, cylinder solenoid valve 13, and pipeline solenoid valve 14 is connected to the controller; correspondingly, Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for detecting leaks in an on-board hydrogen system provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0075] S21: Real-time acquisition of signals from hydrogen concentration sensors 12 in the first semi-closed container 15 and the second semi-closed container 16;

[0076] S22: If the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the first semi-closed container 15 issues an alarm signal, the corresponding bottle opening solenoid valve 13 shall be closed according to the alarm sequence of the hydrogen concentration sensor 12.

[0077] S23: If an alarm signal is received from the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the second semi-closed container 16, the currently open pipeline solenoid valve 14 is closed and another pipeline solenoid valve 14 is opened.

[0078] The controller monitors the status of hydrogen concentration sensors 12 inside the first and second semi-enclosed containers 16 in real time. Sensor data is collected using wireless or wired communication technology; different types of sensors can be selected to suit different detection ranges and accuracies. Specifically, the sensors are connected to the controller via hardwired connections to receive alarm information.

[0079] When the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the first semi-enclosed container 15 detects a leak and issues an alarm signal, the controller identifies the source of the signal. The controller can use various algorithms to process the signal, such as timestamp sorting and signal strength comparison, to determine the leaking cylinder group. According to the alarm sequence, the controller closes the solenoid valve 13 at the nozzle of the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder 11, cutting off the hydrogen supply.

[0080] When the sensor in the second semi-enclosed container 16 issues an alarm signal, the controller closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve 14 and opens the backup pipeline solenoid valve 14. Monitoring phase: The system continuously monitors the hydrogen concentration to ensure timely detection of leaks. Once a leak is detected, the system responds rapidly, performing shutdown or switching operations based on the sensor alarm sequence and location information.

[0081] The controller precisely controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve to minimize the impact of leaks and maintain the system's hydrogen supply capacity. Once the leak is confirmed to be under control, the system maintains the solenoid valve in its normal hydrogen supply state. The system can quickly identify and react to leaks, reducing the risks associated with hydrogen leaks. Precisely closing the solenoid valve based on the leak location reduces unnecessary system downtime. By switching pipeline solenoid valve 14, the system can maintain hydrogen supply to hydrogen-using equipment, improving system reliability. Through real-time monitoring and rapid response, the system significantly reduces the potential safety hazards caused by hydrogen leaks.

[0082] The vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection method provided in this application embodiment receives signals from each hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in real time to monitor hydrogen leaks. Once a hydrogen concentration sensor 12 detects an excessive hydrogen concentration, it will issue an alarm signal. Based on the alarm sequence of the sensors in the first semi-enclosed container 15, the controller determines the approximate location of the leak. According to the leak location, the controller closes the solenoid valve 13 at the opening of the corresponding hydrogen storage cylinder 11, cutting off the leak source. If the leak occurs in the hydrogen supply pipeline, the controller closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve 14 and opens the backup pipeline solenoid valve 14 to ensure uninterrupted hydrogen supply. Targeted control of the closure of hydrogen storage cylinders 11 where leaks may occur prevents leaks or malfunctions that could lead to a lack of hydrogen supply, effectively preventing safety accidents caused by hydrogen leaks. The redundant design of the pipeline solenoid valve 14 improves the system's reliability in the face of failures.

[0083] According to the above embodiments, in one specific embodiment, closing the corresponding bottle neck solenoid valve 13 according to the alarm sequence of the hydrogen concentration sensor 12 includes:

[0084] When the alarm signal of the first hydrogen concentration sensor 12 is received, all the solenoid valves 13 of the corresponding group of hydrogen storage cylinders 11 are closed.

[0085] If multiple hydrogen concentration sensors 12 issue alarm signals after a preset time, then all bottle neck solenoid valves 13 of the hydrogen storage cylinder 11 corresponding to the second hydrogen concentration sensor 12 that issued an alarm signal are closed until no hydrogen concentration sensor 12 in the first semi-enclosed container 15 issues an alarm signal.

[0086] If, after the preset time, all hydrogen concentration sensors stop issuing alarm signals, the current solenoid valve status will be maintained to continue supplying hydrogen.

[0087] When the first hydrogen concentration sensor 12 issues an alarm signal, it indicates a potential leak. At this time, the system immediately closes all solenoid valves 13 at the nozzles of the hydrogen storage cylinders 11 corresponding to that sensor to cut off the potential leak source. After a preset time (e.g., 20 seconds), if other hydrogen concentration sensors 12 also issue alarm signals, it indicates that the leak may be in multiple locations. The system will then sequentially close the solenoid valves 13 at the nozzles of the subsequent alarm sensors corresponding to the hydrogen storage cylinders 11. If no new alarm signal is issued within the preset time, or if existing alarm signals cease, the system will maintain the current solenoid valve state and continue supplying hydrogen. This indicates that the leak may have been brought under control.

[0088] The system can quickly identify and respond to leaks, reducing the risks associated with hydrogen leaks. By sequentially closing solenoid valves, the system minimizes disruption to normal hydrogen supply. The system design allows for manual intervention when necessary, increasing operational flexibility. Through real-time monitoring and rapid response, the system significantly reduces the potential safety risks associated with hydrogen leaks.

[0089] Finally, this application also provides a rail train that includes the aforementioned onboard hydrogen system leak detection device. The rail train will integrate the aforementioned onboard hydrogen system leak detection device, including components such as a hydrogen storage cylinder 11, a hydrogen concentration sensor 12, a solenoid valve, and a controller.

[0090] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of the on-board hydrogen system leak detection device, detection method, and train provided in this application. The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the method section. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

[0091] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device, characterized in that, This system is applied to multiple sets of hydrogen storage cylinders and includes: multiple hydrogen concentration sensors, multiple cylinder port solenoid valves, multiple pipeline solenoid valves, a controller, a first semi-closed container, and a second semi-closed container; the hydrogen storage cylinders are arranged in the first semi-closed container, and the pipeline solenoid valves are arranged in the second semi-closed container; wherein, the distance between each set of hydrogen storage cylinders is greater than the distance between each hydrogen storage cylinder in each set; Each hydrogen storage cylinder is equipped with a cylinder head solenoid valve, which is connected to one end of a plurality of pipeline solenoid valves via a gas pipeline. The other end of the plurality of pipeline solenoid valves is connected to a hydrogen-using device via a gas pipeline. A hydrogen concentration sensor is installed at the cylinder head of each group of hydrogen storage cylinders. A hydrogen concentration sensor is installed in the second semi-enclosed container. Each hydrogen concentration sensor, cylinder head solenoid valve, and pipeline solenoid valve is connected to a controller, and one of the pipeline solenoid valves can be selectively opened. The controller closes the corresponding solenoid valves at the bottle openings according to the alarm sequence of the hydrogen concentration sensors in the first semi-enclosed container, and closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve and opens another pipeline solenoid valve according to the alarm signal of the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-enclosed container to switch to gas supply to the pipeline where the corresponding pipeline solenoid valve is located. Specifically, when the first alarm signal from the hydrogen concentration sensor is received, all the solenoid valves at the bottle openings of the corresponding group of hydrogen storage cylinders are closed. If, after a preset time, multiple hydrogen concentration sensors emit alarm signals, all the solenoid valves at the bottle openings of the hydrogen storage cylinders corresponding to the second hydrogen concentration sensor that emitted the alarm signal are closed, until no hydrogen concentration sensor in the first semi-enclosed container emits an alarm signal. If, after a preset time, all hydrogen concentration sensors stop emitting alarm signals, the current solenoid valve state is maintained and hydrogen supply continues.

2. The on-board hydrogen system leak detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second semi-enclosed container contains two pipeline solenoid valves. When the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-closed container emits an alarm signal, the controller closes the currently open pipeline solenoid valve and opens another pipeline solenoid valve; if the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-closed container stops emitting alarm signals after a preset time, the current solenoid valve state is maintained and hydrogen supply continues; if the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-closed container continues to emit alarm signals after a preset time, all pipeline solenoid valves are closed and hydrogen supply stops.

3. The on-board hydrogen system leak detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first semi-enclosed container and the second semi-enclosed container are aluminum alloy plate boxes with openings at the top.

4. The on-board hydrogen system leak detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Two ventilation fans; A ventilation fan is installed at the top opening of each of the first semi-enclosed container and the second semi-enclosed container; When the hydrogen concentration sensor issues an alarm signal, the controller activates the corresponding ventilation fan.

5. The on-board hydrogen system leak detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple check valves; The pipeline solenoid valve is connected to the hydrogen-using equipment through each of the one-way valves.

6. The on-board hydrogen system leak detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Communication devices; When the hydrogen concentration sensor stops sending an alarm signal, the controller records the location and time of the current leak event, generates a maintenance report, and sends it to the monitoring center via the communication device.

7. A method for detecting leaks in an on-board hydrogen system, characterized in that, A device for detecting leaks in an on-board hydrogen system includes: multiple sets of hydrogen storage cylinders, multiple hydrogen concentration sensors, multiple cylinder solenoid valves, multiple pipeline solenoid valves, a controller, a first semi-closed container, and a second semi-closed container. The hydrogen storage cylinders are arranged in the first semi-closed container, and the pipeline solenoid valves are located in the second semi-closed container. Each hydrogen storage cylinder has a cylinder solenoid valve at its cylinder opening, which is connected to one end of one of the multiple pipeline solenoid valves via a gas pipeline. The other end of each pipeline solenoid valve is connected to a hydrogen-using device via a gas pipeline. One hydrogen concentration sensor is located at the cylinder opening of each set of hydrogen storage cylinders. One hydrogen concentration sensor is located in the second semi-closed container. Each hydrogen concentration sensor, cylinder solenoid valve, and pipeline solenoid valve is connected to the controller, and one of the pipeline solenoid valves can be selectively opened. The distance between each set of hydrogen storage cylinders is greater than the distance between individual hydrogen storage cylinders within each set. Correspondingly, the method includes: The signals from the hydrogen concentration sensors in the first and second semi-enclosed containers are collected in real time. If the hydrogen concentration sensor in the first semi-enclosed container issues an alarm signal, the corresponding bottle opening solenoid valve is closed according to the alarm sequence of the hydrogen concentration sensor. If an alarm signal is received from the hydrogen concentration sensor in the second semi-enclosed container, the currently open pipeline solenoid valve is closed and another pipeline solenoid valve is opened to switch to the pipeline supply corresponding to the pipeline solenoid valve. The step of closing the corresponding solenoid valve at the bottle opening according to the alarm sequence of the hydrogen concentration sensor includes: When an alarm signal is received from the first hydrogen concentration sensor, all solenoid valves at the nozzles of the corresponding group of hydrogen storage cylinders are closed. If multiple hydrogen concentration sensors issue alarm signals after a preset time, then all solenoid valves at the bottle openings of the hydrogen storage cylinder corresponding to the second hydrogen concentration sensor that issued the alarm signal are closed until no hydrogen concentration sensor in the first semi-enclosed container issues an alarm signal. If, after the preset time, all hydrogen concentration sensors stop issuing alarm signals, the current solenoid valve status will be maintained to continue supplying hydrogen.

8. A train, characterized in that, Includes the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system leak detection device as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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