Method for preventing and treating greenhouse diseases by using natural sand substances

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating greenhouse diseases by using natural sand substances, and belongs to the field of plant protection, greenhouse melon powdery mildew is prevented and treated by using the natural sand substances in the Tarim Basin, and in order to solve the problem of high occurrence of powdery mildew in greenhouse melon planting, the locally widely distributed sand substances on the surface layer of the Tarikarian desert are selected; the particle size range of the sand substances is controlled through screening, and the sand substances are sprayed in the greenhouse through the mist and powder spraying machine, so that on one hand, the air humidity in the greenhouse can be reduced, the environment humid condition is improved, and on the other hand, the sedimentation thickness of the sand substances on leaves can be controlled to reduce the negative influence on plant photosynthesis as much as possible, and thus powdery mildew of greenhouse melons is prevented and treated. Local materials are used, the greenhouse environment and the leaf surface environment are improved at low cost, and the purpose of green prevention and control of melon powdery mildew is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of plant protection, and in particular relates to a method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases by utilizing natural sand materials. Background Art

[0002] Powdery mildew is a common disease on melon vegetables. It can occur from the seedling stage to the fruit-bearing stage, especially in the middle and late growth stages of melons and when the plants are weak, and epidemic damage is prone to occur. Powdery mildew can occur in all seasons of greenhouse-grown cucumbers and other melons, which generally leads to a production reduction of about 10%, and a production reduction of 20% to 40% in epidemic years. When the disease is severe, a large number of leaves in the middle and lower parts of the plant may die. Once powdery mildew occurs in a greenhouse, it will develop rapidly. In severe cases, it can cause the leaves to dry up and even prematurely pull the seedlings, or even cause the plant to die. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen the monitoring and early prevention of powdery mildew in melon crops.

[0003] At present, the control of powdery mildew in melons is mainly carried out by using some sulfur preparations and fungicides. In the early stage and early peak stage of the disease, polysulfide suspension, sulfur suspension, triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate, teflon wettable powder, or spraying with oxime fungicide tebuconazole, tebuconazole·pyraclostrobin, etc. can be used for prevention and control. These chemical agents can control the scope and speed of powdery mildew, and reduce the incidence of powdery mildew by 25% to 100% to varying degrees depending on the type of agent used, the time of use and the area. However, because they are chemical agents, they are toxic to vegetables and the environment, so their application is limited. Therefore, pure natural and green prevention and control methods are particularly needed in the prevention and control of melon diseases and pests. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention mainly focuses on the prevention and control of powdery mildew of greenhouse melons in Xinjiang oasis facility agriculture. It uses sand particles from the desert near the Tarim Basin to reduce the humidity of the leaf surface and greenhouse environment, inhibit the attachment and spread of powdery mildew on melon leaves, and establishes a green method for preventing and controlling melon powdery mildew by scientifically selecting the sand particle size and controlling the dust spraying intensity. The present invention solves the problem of pesticide residues in facility agriculture by reducing the application of vegetable pesticides, and provides a purely natural and green prevention and control method in melon disease and insect pest control.

[0005] A method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases by using natural sand material comprises the following steps: spraying treated sand material on plants in the greenhouse; the sand material is desert fine sand.

[0006] The inventor found that in the southern Xinjiang basin, especially in the desert edge area, naturally grown plants are not easily infected by pathogens. The inventor analyzed the cause of this phenomenon. In addition to the extremely dry air in the desert edge area, which is not conducive to the colonization and survival of microorganisms, the spread of hyphae and the long-term adaptation and resistance of plants, another possible reason is that the attachment of fine sand particles on the surface of plants hinders the invasion of pathogens into plants. Inspired by this, the inventor used the sand material sprayed on the surface of the plant body during greenhouse cultivation to form a protective layer composed of fine sand powder particles on the surface of the plant, thereby hindering the invasion of pathogens into the plant body; at the same time, the small desert particles are harmless and can float well in the air. First, the problem of excessive air humidity caused by high temperature plant water evaporation in the greenhouse is changed. When it slowly settles on the surface of the leaves, it changes the humidity of the leaf surface microenvironment, thereby further inhibiting the reproduction and expansion of pathogens on the leaf surface, achieving the purpose of preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases.

[0007] The method for processing the sand material is: collecting desert surface soil, naturally air-drying it, and then sieving it to obtain the sand material.

[0008] The particle size of the sand material is less than 75 microns.

[0009] The invention collects sand from the surrounding area of ​​the Taklimakan Desert and passes it through a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the sand particles is less than 75 μm. The average particle size of the sand in the Taklimakan Desert is relatively small, and affected by the local dry climate, the dust material has good dispersibility. Controlling a smaller particle size is conducive to floating in the air for a long enough time after spraying, settling water vapor particles in the air, improving greenhouse air humidity, and also being able to achieve uniform distribution on the leaf surface and control the settling thickness of the particles on the leaves.

[0010] The spraying operation method comprises the following steps: closing the greenhouse, moving the spray powder machine equipped with the sand material along the planting row, controlling the direction of the powder spraying port, spraying evenly after the entire area is sprayed, and stopping spraying until the sand material has completely landed. When the sand material evenly and densely covers the top leaf surface layer, and the leaves can be observed to be green through the sand material, stopping spraying; when the sand material does not evenly and densely cover the top leaf surface layer, spraying again according to the above method until the sand material evenly and densely covers the top leaf surface layer, and the leaves can be observed to be green through the sand material, stopping spraying.

[0011] When the sand material evenly and densely covers the surface, but the leaves can still be observed to be green through the particles, stop spraying. This is the most suitable coverage amount, which will not have a significant negative impact on the photosynthesis of the leaves, and can effectively inhibit the proliferation and spread of pathogens. If the thickness of the dust on the leaves is not enough, you can repeat the above process, but if you spray too much, the dust on the leaves will be too thick, which will hinder the photosynthesis of the plants and inhibit plant growth.

[0012] The travel speed of the spray powder spraying machine is 2.5 km / h.

[0013] The powder spraying port is toward the front of the spray powder spraying machine, parallel to the planting row, 15° to the left of the planting row, and is raised to spray powder in the air at 45°.

[0014] Observe the occurrence of diseases on plants in the greenhouse. If you find that the disease tends to recur, you can spray it at any time.

[0015] The diseases include powdery mildew.

[0016] The existing high temperature and high humidity environment of facility agriculture makes melons prone to powdery mildew, and greenhouse vegetable pests and diseases occur frequently. In order to avoid the pollution of the environment by toxic chemicals and the residues in vegetables, the present invention provides a green and natural prevention and control method, that is, using natural sand materials to prevent and control greenhouse diseases. Sand materials are widely present in the desert of the Tarim Basin. The present invention uses its small particle size and strong hygroscopicity to select sand particles with a particle size of less than 75 microns and apply them in the greenhouse. Small desert particles are harmless, can float in the air well to change the air humidity, and can slowly settle on the surface of the leaves, change the humidity of the leaf surface microenvironment, thereby inhibiting the expansion of powdery mildew on the leaf surface; by effectively controlling the accumulation thickness of sand materials on the leaf surface, that is, the sand materials evenly cover the top leaf surface, and when the leaves can still be observed to be green, stop spraying, so as to control the most suitable coverage thickness, which can not only reduce the humidity of the leaf surface to prevent the attachment and spread of pathogens, but also ensure that the plants receive enough light for photosynthesis to maintain healthy growth of the leaves.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0018] The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases by using natural sand materials, and uses natural sand materials to prevent and control powdery mildew of greenhouse melons in the Tarim Basin. In view of the high incidence of powdery mildew in greenhouse melon cultivation, the surface sand materials of the Taklimakan Desert widely distributed locally are selected, and the particle size range of the sand materials is controlled by screening. The sand materials are sprayed in the greenhouse by a spray powder sprayer, which can reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse and improve the humid environment on the one hand, and control the thickness of the sand materials settling on the leaves on the other hand, so as to reduce the negative impact on plant photosynthesis as much as possible, thereby preventing and controlling powdery mildew of greenhouse melons. The invention uses local materials, and the sand materials sprayed come from the natural environment, only have transportation costs, and do not harm the vegetables themselves, and will not accumulate harmful chemicals. It is a green and healthy prevention and control method, improves the greenhouse environment and the leaf surface environment at low cost, and achieves the purpose of green prevention and control of melon powdery mildew. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the operation flow of the method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0023] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0024] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0025] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases by using natural sand material, comprising the following steps: spraying the treated sand material on plants in the greenhouse.

[0027] The main reasons why greenhouse cultivation is prone to diseases are as follows: First, environmental factors: Environmental conditions in the greenhouse, such as temperature, humidity and light, have an important impact on the occurrence of diseases and pests. High temperature and high humidity environment is conducive to the germination, infection and reproduction of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, such as gray mold and downy mildew. In addition, excessive temperature difference can also cause condensation on leaves, increasing the risk of disease. Improper management: Poor management in the greenhouse is also an important cause of disease. For example, improper temperature and humidity management, poor ventilation, and improper soil management can lead to the breeding and spread of diseases and pests. The second is insufficient light: Insufficient light will reduce the photosynthesis of plants, resulting in slow plant growth and reduced disease resistance. In addition, plastic film filters the ultraviolet rays in the sun, which is not conducive to sterilization, further increasing the occurrence of diseases. The third is the soil problem: It is usually difficult to rotate crops in greenhouse cultivation, which can easily lead to the accumulation of pathogens in the soil, especially soil-borne diseases such as powdery mildew, wilt, and sclerotinia, which are more serious in greenhouses. The embodiment of the present invention is inspired by desert crops and uses fine sand powder to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and improve the microenvironment on the leaf surface, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the method for processing the sand material is: collecting desert surface soil, naturally air-drying it, and then sieving it to obtain the sand material.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the particle size of the sand material is less than 75 microns.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention collects sand from the surrounding area of ​​the Taklimakan Desert and passes it through a 200-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of the sand particles is less than 75 μm. The average particle size of the sand in the Taklimakan Desert is relatively small, and affected by the local dry climate, the dust material has good dispersibility. Controlling a smaller particle size is conducive to floating in the air for a long enough time after spraying, settling water vapor particles in the air, improving the humidity of the greenhouse air, and also achieving uniform distribution on the leaf surface, and controlling the settling thickness of the particles on the leaves.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the spraying operation method includes the following steps: closing the greenhouse, moving the spray powder machine equipped with the sand material along the planting row, controlling the direction of the powder spraying port, and evenly spraying the entire area, stopping the spraying, and waiting for the sand material to completely fall. When the sand material evenly and densely covers the top leaf surface layer, and the leaves can be observed to be green through the sand material, stop spraying; when the sand material does not evenly and densely cover the top leaf surface layer, spray it again according to the above method until the sand material evenly and densely covers the top leaf surface layer, and the leaves can be observed to be green through the sand material, then stop spraying.

[0032] The speed of the spray powder machine affects the amount of powder sprayed. If the speed is fast, the amount of powder sprayed is not enough to achieve the purpose of disease prevention and control, and repeated spraying is required; if the speed is too slow, it is easy for sand powder to be deposited too much on the plant leaves, affecting plant respiration and photosynthesis. After comprehensive consideration, in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the speed of the spray powder machine is set to 2.5 km / h.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments, the powder spraying port is oriented in front of the spray powder sprayer, parallel to the planting row, 15° to the left planting row, and raised to spray powder in the air at 45°. The spraying angle is set to deposit more dust on the surface of the plant body, avoid sand and powder waste, and reduce the number of spraying times.

[0034] The control method provided in the embodiment of the present invention has no limit on the number of spraying times. When observing the occurrence of diseases of plants in the greenhouse and finding that there is a tendency for the disease to recur, spraying can be performed at any time.

[0035] The disease control method of the embodiment of the present invention includes but is not limited to controlling powdery mildew.

[0036] The embodiment of the present invention was tested in a 5-acre cucumber field planted in a greenhouse contracted by a farmer in Zhaotong Town, Alar in May 2022. Desert topsoil was collected as sand material in the quicksand field near Alar Tarim Airport. The local outdoor air humidity was extremely low. The collected sand particles were spread out and dried naturally. If the sand material is to be placed in a greenhouse, it needs to be sealed and packaged to avoid moisture resorption in the greenhouse.

[0037] The spray powder spraying machine used in the embodiment of the present invention is purchased from Shandong Jiesheng Machinery Co., Ltd. (model JS-60).

[0038] Example 1

[0039] S1. Spread the collected 260 kg of sand particles and let them air dry naturally. Sieve the dried sand through a 200-mesh standard sieve to obtain 20 kg of fine particles with a particle size of less than 75 microns. Seal and package them for later use.

[0040] S2. Load the sand material obtained in S1 into the spray powder machine, close the greenhouse, and walk along the planting rows at 2.5 km / h, with the spray nozzle facing forward, parallel to the planting rows, and 15° to the left of the planting rows. At the same time, raise the spray nozzle and spray powder at 45° in the air, avoiding direct contact with plant leaves;

[0041] S3. After spraying the entire area evenly according to S2, stop spraying. After 1 hour, when the sand material has completely fallen, observe the amount of dust covering the surface of the top leaves of the melons. Observe the leaf surface. If the sand material covers the surface evenly and densely, and the leaves can still be observed to be green through the particles, the most suitable coverage is obtained, and stop spraying. If the dust coverage is uneven, or the dust particles are very sparsely distributed, the spacing between particles is very clear, and there is no dense and complete coverage, spray again according to the method of S2. During the spraying process, in order to avoid excessive spraying and adverse effects on plant photosynthesis, the principle is to use small amounts and multiple times until the dust covers the surface evenly and densely, and the leaves can still be observed to be green through the particles, and the most suitable coverage is obtained, stop spraying;

[0042] S4. Observe the occurrence of powdery mildew in the cucumber field. If there is a tendency for the disease to recur, spray at any time and control the spraying amount according to S3.

[0043] According to steps S1-S3, when cucumber powdery mildew occurred on May 15, May 26 and June 5, 3.2, 5.6 and 5.1 kg of sand material were used three times. The incidence of powdery mildew in the greenhouse was reduced by 11.5%, 21.1% and 35.7% respectively compared with the cucumbers without sand material spraying. The total cost of powder spraying was 245 yuan.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the operation flow of the method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials in Example 1.

[0045] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The processed sand material is sprayed on the plants in the greenhouse; the sand material is desert fine sand.

2. The method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing steps of the sand material are: collecting desert surface soil, naturally air-drying it and then sieving it to obtain the sand material.

3. The method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size of the sand material is less than 75 microns.

4. The method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying operation method comprises the following steps: closing the greenhouse, moving the spray powder machine equipped with the sand material along the planting row, controlling the direction of the powder spraying port, spraying evenly after the entire area is sprayed, and stopping spraying until the sand material has completely landed. When the sand material evenly and densely covers the top leaf surface layer, and the leaves can be observed to be green through the sand material, stopping spraying; when the sand material does not evenly and densely cover the top leaf surface layer, spraying again according to the above method until the sand material evenly and densely covers the top leaf surface layer, and the leaves can be observed to be green through the sand material, stopping spraying.

5. The method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The travel speed of the spray powder spraying machine is 2.5 km / h.

6. The method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The powder spraying port is toward the front of the spray powder spraying machine, parallel to the planting row, 15° to the left of the planting row, and is raised to spray powder in the air at 45°.

7. The method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Observe the occurrence of diseases on plants in the greenhouse. If you find that the disease tends to recur, you can spray it at any time.

8. The method for preventing and controlling greenhouse diseases using natural sand materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The diseases include powdery mildew.

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