Pinus koraiensis fruit forest tree pruning method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tree body planting, in particular to a Korean pine fruit forest tree body pruning method which comprises the steps that trunk cutting is conducted on a tree body multiple times, tree body backbone rotation branches are cut off for the first time, and the distance between a saw bite and the next layer of rotation branches is 10-20 cm; the height of the Korean pine after trunk cutting is 1.5 m, the mode of each main branch for the second time is the same as the mode of trunk cutting for the first time, the uppermost layer of round branches of the tree body are cut off, and the distance between a saw bite and the next layer of round branches is 10-20 cm; if the root of the Korean pine grows weaker, the root of the Korean pine can be cut off together, the distance between a saw bite and the root of the Korean pine is 10-20cm, and the height of the Korean pine is 4m after the root of the Korean pine is cut off; the third trunk cutting period can be completed within 3-4 years; the height of 20-30-year-old plants is controlled to be 5-6 m through multiple times of trunk cutting, and finally the height of the plants is controlled to be about 8-10 m, so that collection of Korean pine cones is facilitated. After the pruning method is used, the Korean pine fruit forest can grow dwarf, bear fruits and achieve high yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tree planting, and in particular to a method for pruning red pine forest trees. Background Art

[0002] The red pine nut is a kind of pine tree widely distributed in Northeast and North China. The fruit is rich in protein and nutrients. In order to ensure the quality of the red pine nut, farmers must master the pruning techniques of the red pine nut forest.

[0003] At present, the pruning technology for red pine forests is still imperfect and unscientific, leading to the problem of low yield of red pine, so it needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to improve the problem of dwarfing and low yield of Korean pine fruit trees in the prior art, the present application provides a method for pruning Korean pine fruit forest trees.

[0005] The present application provides a method for pruning red pine forest trees using the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for pruning a red pine tree includes multiple trunk cuttings, wherein the specific steps of the trunk cutting are as follows:

[0007] Step 1, first stem cutting:

[0008] Starting period: 5 to 6 years after the Korean pine grafted seedlings are planted, the scion has grown 5 to 6 whorls of branches, and the plant has entered the initial fruiting period. At this time, the first trunk cutting is carried out when the plant height is 2 meters to 2.2 meters;

[0009] Cutting time: from December to March of the following year;

[0010] Trunk cutting method: Cut off the whorled branches of the tree trunk, and the saw cut should be 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorled branches; if the whorled branches of this layer grow weakly, cut off all the whorled branches of this layer, and the saw cut should be 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorled branches; the height of the Korean pine after trunk cutting should be 1.5 meters;

[0011] Step 2, second stem cutting:

[0012] Starting period: 5 to 6 years after the first pruning, the main branches that have developed from the reserved main branches (reserved main branches: the backbone whorl branches that are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests that are retained through pruning) will be pruned. Since there are multiple main branches, whether to prune them should be determined based on the number of cones on the main branches and the condition of the fruiting branches (judgment criteria: if a main branch has many cones, pruning can be delayed for the sake of yield; if the fruiting branches have turned yellow, indicating that the nutrition cannot keep up, or the number of cones is less than 5 in the second year, pruning should be carried out);

[0013] Cutting time: from December to March of the following year;

[0014] Trunk cutting method: Each main branch is cut in the same way as the first trunk cutting operation, cutting off the top whorl branches of the tree, with the saw cut being 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorl branches; if the whorl branches of this layer grow weakly, the whorl branches of this layer can be cut off together, with the saw cut being 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorl branches; after trunk cutting, the height of the Korean pine is 4 meters;

[0015] Step 3, third stem cutting:

[0016] Starting period: The third pruning is 4 to 5 years after the second pruning. At this time, there are many main branches. The pruning method and standard are the same as above.

[0017] Cutting time: from December to March of the following year;

[0018] Trunk cutting method: This trunk cutting can be done on multiple main branches in turn to ensure a certain number of cones produced each year. The trunk cutting cycle can be completed within 3 to 4 years. Through multiple trunk cuttings, the tree height of 20 to 30-year-old plants can be controlled at 5 to 6 meters, and eventually the tree height can be controlled at around 8 to 10 meters, making it easier to collect red pine cones.

[0019] Preferably, in the above steps one to three, the tree trunk is cut by a high-branch saw, the high-branch saw comprises a chainsaw head and an operating rod, the chainsaw head is mounted at one end in the length direction of the operating rod, an auxiliary component is provided at the end of the operating rod close to the direction of the chainsaw head, and the auxiliary component is used to apply a pulling force to the end of the operating rod close to the direction of the chainsaw head.

[0020] Preferably, the auxiliary component comprises a box body, in which a roller is rotatably mounted, and a steel wire is wound on the roller; and the box body is provided with a driving device for driving the roller to rotate and stop.

[0021] Preferably, the roller is spindle-shaped.

[0022] Preferably, a pull ring is provided at one end of the steel wire away from the winding roller.

[0023] Preferably, the auxiliary component includes a shoulder rope and an auxiliary rope, the shoulder rope is arranged at the end of the operating rod away from the chainsaw head, the shoulder rope is used for the operator to wear on the shoulder, one end of the auxiliary rope in the length direction is fixed to the end of the operating rod close to the chainsaw head, and the other end is detachably connected to the shoulder rope.

[0024] Preferably, a spring buckle is provided at the end of the auxiliary rope, and the auxiliary rope is connected to the shoulder strap rope through the spring buckle.

[0025] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: through the pruning method of the present application, the red pine trees in the orchard can be dwarfed after pruning and trunk cutting, which has a promoting effect on fruit setting and can increase the fruit setting rate of the red pine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-branch saw in Example 1 of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-branch saw in Example 2 of the present application.

[0028] In the figure, 1. chainsaw head; 2. operating lever; 3. box body; 4. winding roller; 5. steel wire; 51. pull ring; 6. shoulder strap rope; 7. auxiliary rope; 8. spring buckle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The present application embodiment discloses a method for pruning a red pine forest, including multiple trunk cuttings. The specific steps of trunk cutting are as follows:

[0031] Step 1, first stem cutting:

[0032] Starting period: 5 to 6 years after the Korean pine grafted seedlings are planted, the scion has grown 5 to 6 whorls of branches, and the plant has entered the initial fruiting period. At this time, the first trunk cutting is carried out when the plant height is 2 meters to 2.2 meters;

[0033] Cutting time: from December to March of the following year;

[0034] Trunk cutting method: Cut off the whorled branches of the tree trunk, and the saw cut should be 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorled branches; if the whorled branches of this layer grow weakly, cut off all the whorled branches of this layer, and the saw cut should be 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorled branches; the height of the Korean pine after trunk cutting should be 1.5 meters;

[0035] Step 2, second stem cutting:

[0036] Starting period: 5 to 6 years after the first pruning, the main branches that have developed from the reserved main branches (reserved main branches: the backbone whorl branches that are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests that are retained through pruning) will be pruned. Since there are multiple main branches, whether to prune them should be determined based on the number of cones on the main branches and the condition of the fruiting branches (judgment criteria: if a main branch has many cones, pruning can be delayed for the sake of yield; if the fruiting branches have turned yellow, indicating that the nutrition cannot keep up, or the number of cones is less than 5 in the second year, pruning should be carried out);

[0037] Cutting time: from December to March of the following year;

[0038] Trunk pruning method: The method of pruning each main branch is the same as the first trunk pruning operation. Cut off the top whorl branches of the tree, and the saw cut should be 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorl branches. If the whorl branches of this layer grow weakly, you can cut off this layer of whorl branches together, and the saw cut should be 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorl branches.

[0039] After cutting, the height of the red pine is 4 meters;

[0040] Step 3, third stem cutting:

[0041] Starting period: The third pruning is 4 to 5 years after the second pruning. At this time, there are many main branches. The pruning method and standard are the same as above.

[0042] Cutting time: from December to March of the following year;

[0043] Pruning method: This pruning can be done on multiple main branches in turn to ensure a certain number of cones produced each year. The pruning cycle can be completed within 3 to 4 years.

[0044] By cutting the trunk several times, the height of 20 to 30 year old plants is controlled at 5 to 6 meters, and finally at around 8 to 10 meters, making it easier to collect red pine cones.

[0045] In the above steps 1 to 3, the trunk of the tree is cut by a high-branch saw. The high-branch saw includes a chain saw head 1 and an operating rod 2. The operating rod 2 is a telescopic rod. The chain saw head 1 is installed at one end of the operating rod 2 in the length direction. The end of the operating rod 2 close to the chain saw head 1 is provided with an auxiliary component, and the auxiliary component is used to apply tension to the end of the operating rod 2 close to the chain saw head 1. The auxiliary component includes a box body 3, in which a roller 4 is rotatably installed, and a steel wire 5 is wound on the roller 4; the box body 3 is provided with a driving device for driving the roller 4 to rotate and stop, and the driving device is an asynchronous motor. The roller 4 is spindle-shaped, which is convenient for winding the steel wire 5 and preventing the steel wire 5 from slipping. A pull ring 51 is provided at the end of the steel wire 5 away from the roller 4. The setting of the pull ring 51 facilitates the operator to pull the steel wire 5.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] The only difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the auxiliary assembly includes a shoulder strap 6 and an auxiliary strap 7, both of which are made of nylon rope, the shoulder strap 6 is arranged at the end of the operating rod 2 away from the chain saw head 1, the shoulder strap 6 is used for the operator to wear it on the shoulder, one end of the auxiliary strap 7 in the length direction is fixed to the end of the operating rod 2 close to the chain saw head 1, and the other end is detachably connected to the shoulder strap 6. A spring buckle 8 is arranged at the end of the auxiliary strap 7, and the auxiliary strap 7 is connected to the shoulder strap 6 through the spring buckle 8.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] Korean pine plantations of different ages were selected to investigate their fruit set rate. Three fixed standard plots with a total area of ​​667 square meters were set up in each forest to investigate the fruit set conditions of all trees in the standard plots. Continuous surveys were conducted from 2021 to 2023 to calculate the average fruit set rate. The stem cutting treatments were divided into stem cutting for grafted seedlings and stem cutting for seedlings. A control area was set up for each treatment. The survey results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1 Fruiting rate of different seedlings

[0051]

[0052] There are obvious differences in the fruiting rate of Korean pine in different forest stands (see Table 1). In the stage of young and middle-aged forests, the fruiting rate of trees increases with the increase of forest age. The fruiting rate of forest stands with artificial stem cutting has been significantly improved, reaching more than 75%; among them, the grafted seedlings have the highest fruiting rate of stem cutting, which can reach 82.4%, 2.28 times that of the control; the seedlings have a stem cutting fruiting rate of 76.3%, 1.75 times that of the control. It can be seen that stem cutting can improve the fruiting rate of young and middle-aged Korean pine forests, and the application effect of grafted seedlings is more obvious.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] The grafted Korean pine seedlings planted in 2009 were selected, with an average seedling height of 42 cm and a planting density of 3 m × 5 m. The standard plot area was set to 667 m2, with staggered arrangement and repeated 3 times. Three treatments were set up, treatment 1 was the control (CK), without trunk cutting; treatment 2 was to cut off the part above the second whorl of branches (J2); treatment 3 was to cut off the part above the fourth whorl of branches (J4). In 2019, the height of 10 Korean pine trees in the standard plot was investigated.

[0055] Table 2 Height of Korean pine trees under different treatments

[0056]

[0057] The height of the trees after the trunk cutting treatment was significantly lower than that of the control. In 2019, the tree height in the control area was the highest, at 5.87 meters, the tree height in the J2 treatment was 4.55 meters, and the shortest in the J4 treatment was 3.65 meters. It can be seen that trunk cutting has a dwarfing effect on Korean pine. Since the whorled branches develop into the main branches after trunk cutting, the growth direction is horizontal growth and then growth upward, which also reduces the tree height to a certain extent.

[0058] Comparative Example 3

[0059] The experimental area was set up in the Cannabis Sativa Work Area of ​​the Experimental Forest Farm of Liaoning Forest Management Research Institute. The experimental forest was 21 years old, and the standard area of ​​each treatment was 667 square meters. Five Korean pine trees were randomly selected.

[0060] There are 6 treatments for the trunk cutting treatment method. Treatment 1 is the control (CK), and no trunk cutting is performed; Treatment 2 is to cut off the main branches (J0); Treatment 3 is to cut off the parts of more than one whorl of branches (J1); Treatment 4 is to cut off the parts of more than two whorls of branches (J2); Treatment 5 is to cut off the parts of more than three whorls of branches (J3); Treatment 6 is to cut off the parts of more than four whorls of branches (J4), and the pruning intensity is from small to large.

[0061] From late May to early June of the third year after trunk cutting (2021), the flowering conditions of male and female flowers of Pinus koraiensis were investigated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0062] Table 3 Effects of different stem cutting intensities on the number and ratio of male and female flowers

[0063]

[0064] Different stem cutting intensities have a significant effect on the number of male and female flowers of Korean pine mother trees. As shown in Table 3, stem cutting can promote flower bud differentiation of Korean pine mother trees and increase the number of male and female flowers, and different stem cutting intensities have significant differences in promoting the flowering of mother trees. The stem cutting intensity of J0~J3 can double the number of male and female flowers, indicating that appropriate stem cutting can promote the formation of male and female flowers. Among them, the number of female and male flowers in the J2 treatment reached 485.29% and 530.76% of the control, respectively; from the perspective of the ratio of male and female flowers, the J0~J3 treatments can increase the ratio of male and female flowers, indicating that stem cutting has a greater effect on promoting the formation of male flowers than on promoting the formation of female flowers; the number of male and female flowers in the J4 treatment is lower than that in the control, indicating that excessive stem cutting intensity is not conducive to flower bud differentiation.

[0065] Comparative Example 4

[0066] The forest age of the control area is 45 years; the experimental forest is all Korean pine grafted seedlings, with a forest age of 16 years. The trunk cutting time is from December 2014 to April 2015, and the trunk cutting is carried out on the 15th of each month. The trunk cutting intensity of all trees is the same, and the part above the second whorl of branches is cut off. Three side branches with similar length and thickness and uniform distribution are selected from the third whorl of branches as the main branches. The experimental trees formed flower primordia in the second year of pruning (2016), bloomed and formed young fruits in 2017, and 2018 was the first fruiting year after pruning.

[0067] The standard plot area for each treatment was 667 square meters, and 10 Korean pine trees were randomly selected.

[0068] There were 6 treatments for the stem cutting treatment method: Treatment 1: control, no stem cutting operation (CK); Treatment 2: December 15, 2014; Treatment 3: January 15, 2015; Treatment 4: February 15, 2015; Treatment 5: March 15, 2015; Treatment 6: April 15, 2015. The statistics of the investigated tree fruiting conditions are shown in Table 4.

[0069] Table 4 Effects of different stem cutting times on tree fruiting

[0070]

[0071] As shown in Table 4, the number of cones and the total weight of cones in the trees treated with different stem cutting times were higher than those in the control, and the fruit yield of the trees increased significantly. Among them, the number of cones in the trees cut from December 15 to April 15 was significantly higher than that in the control, which could reach more than 2 times that of the control. The number of cones on March 15 was the largest, with 40.3 cones, which was not significantly different from those on December 15, January 15, and February 15, but significantly higher than the number of cones on April 15. The total weight of cones from December 15 to April 15 was significantly higher than that in the control, which could reach more than 2 times that of the control. The weight of individual cones and seed yields were significantly different between different treatments, but there was no regularity in their changes. The number of cones and the total weight of cones in the trees cut on April 15 increased compared with the control, but the increase was smaller than that of the trees pruned in other months. This may be due to the temperature rise on April 15, the sap flow, and the damage caused by stem cutting to the tree body, which affected the fruit yield.

[0072] Comparative Example 5

[0073] The forest age of the control area is 35 years; the forest age of the experimental forest is 21 years. Two trunk cuttings have been carried out so far. The fruiting situation will be investigated for three consecutive years in the third year after trunk cutting (2021). The standard area of ​​each treatment is 667 square meters. In the first investigation, 10 Korean pines were randomly selected and marked with tree numbers for continuous investigation.

[0074] There are 6 treatments for stem cutting. Treatment 1 is the control (CK), without stem cutting; Treatment 2 is to cut off the main branches (J0); Treatment 3 is to cut off the branches above 1 whorl (J1); Treatment 4 is to cut off the branches above 2 whorls (J2); Treatment 5 is to cut off the branches above 3 whorls (J3); Treatment 6 is to cut off the branches above 4 whorls (J4). The fruiting of 10 randomly selected Korean pine trees in the standard plot was observed for 3 consecutive years. See Table 5 for details.

[0075] Table 5 Effect of different stem cut strength on fruiting

[0076]

[0077] Table 5 shows that cutting off the main branch (J0), the first whorl of branches (J1), the second whorl of branches (J2), and the third whorl of branches (J3) can significantly increase the cone and seed yields of Korean pine. The average annual cone and seed yield per plant in the J2 treatment was the highest, with 43.3 cones and 2.81 kg of seeds per plant, respectively. The number of cones and seed yield were 188.67% and 226.57% higher than those in the control. The seed yield per plant in the J0, J1, J3, and J4 treatments was 183.72%, 215.12%, 153.49%, and 80.23% higher than that in the control, respectively.

[0078] Comparative Example 6

[0079] The experimental area was set up in the Xiaolongzhaogou area of ​​the Experimental Forest Farm of the Liaoning Forest Management Research Institute. Three fixed standard plots were set up in each forest stand, with an area of ​​667 square meters. The seed quality of 10 Korean pine trees in the standard plots was investigated for three consecutive years from 2017 to 2019. The survey results are shown in Table 6.

[0080] Table 6 Seed quality of Korean pine in different stands

[0081]

[0082] The effect of stem cutting on seed quality of Korean pine was not significant. As shown in Table 6, there were no significant differences in seed length, width, thickness, 1000-grain weight and seed coat thickness of Korean pine seeds, and the kernel rate was about 36%, with a small difference. It can be seen that stem cutting did not affect seed quality.

[0083] Comparative Example 7 The fruiting amount and yield of Korean pine plantations and Korean pine fruit forests in the high-yield period in the forest farm were investigated. Three fixed standard plots with an area of ​​667 square meters were set up in each forest stand to investigate the fruiting situation of all trees in the standard plots. The survey was conducted for three consecutive years from 2021 to 2023, and the yield per unit area was calculated based on the number of trees per mu and the fruiting rate. Four forest stands were investigated, all with semi-sunny slopes. Treatment J: trunk cutting, forest age 21 years; CK1: no trunk cutting, forest age 38 years; CK2: no trunk cutting, forest age 42 years; CK3: no trunk cutting, forest age 32 years; the survey results are shown in Table 7.

[0085] Table 7 Effect of stem cutting on economic benefits (income)

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] Through three years of forest stand surveys and based on the average purchase price of 24 yuan / kg for red pine cones (maota) in Liaodong region from September 15, 2021 to 2023, the J treatment (cut red pine plantations) has the youngest forest age, but the profit per mu can reach 7,875.8 yuan, which are 4.35 times, 4.1 times, and 7.43 times that of CK1, CK2, and CK3, respectively. Cutting red pine can increase the yield per unit area of ​​red pine, thereby increasing economic income. The average tree height of red pines in the control group was between 15 and 18 meters, and the average daily wage of red pine cone collectors was 800 yuan (the average daily wage was the total wage of 2 people, and the cone collection consisted of 2 people in a group, 1 person picking and 1 person picking), and the risk factor was relatively high; the trunk cutting treatment shortened the tree height (the tree height was about 3 to 5 meters), greatly reduced the difficulty of picking red pine cones (the wage for picking red pine cones was 280 yuan per group), reduced the risk of personnel operations, and improved work efficiency.

[0089] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for pruning red pine forest trees, characterized in that: The method comprises multiple stem cutting, wherein the specific steps of the stem cutting are as follows: Step 1, first stem cutting: Starting period: 5 to 6 years after the Korean pine grafted seedlings are planted, the scion has grown 5 to 6 whorls of branches, and the plant has entered the initial fruiting period. At this time, the first trunk cutting is carried out when the plant height is 2 meters to 2.2 meters; Cutting time: from December to March of the following year; Trunk cutting method: Cut off the whorled branches of the tree trunk, and the saw cut should be 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorled branches; if the whorled branches of this layer grow weakly, cut off all the whorled branches of this layer, and the saw cut should be 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorled branches; the height of the Korean pine after trunk cutting should be 1.5 meters; Step 2, second stem cutting: Starting period: 5 to 6 years after the first pruning, the main branches that have developed from the reserved main branches (reserved main branches: the backbone whorl branches that are healthy and free of diseases and insect pests that are retained through pruning) are pruned. Since there are multiple main branches, whether to prune them depends on the number of cones on the main branches and the condition of the fruiting branches (judgment criteria: if a main branch has many cones, pruning can be delayed for the sake of yield; If the fruiting branches have turned yellow, indicating that the nutrition is not keeping up, or the number of cones is less than 5 in the second year, the branches should be pruned); Cutting time: from December to March of the following year; Trunk cutting method: Each main branch is cut in the same way as the first trunk cutting operation, cutting off the top whorl branches of the tree, with the saw cut being 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorl branches; if the whorl branches of this layer grow weakly, the whorl branches of this layer can be cut off together, with the saw cut being 10 to 20 cm away from the next whorl branches; after trunk cutting, the height of the Korean pine is 4 meters; Step 3, third stem cutting: Starting period: The third pruning is 4 to 5 years after the second pruning. At this time, there are many main branches. The pruning method and standard are the same as above. Cutting time: from December to March of the following year; Trunk cutting method: This trunk cutting can be done on multiple main branches in turn to ensure a certain number of cones produced each year. The trunk cutting cycle can be completed within 3 to 4 years. Through multiple trunk cuttings, the tree height of 20 to 30-year-old plants can be controlled at 5 to 6 meters, and eventually the tree height can be controlled at around 8 to 10 meters, making it easier to collect red pine cones.

2. A method for pruning red pine trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above steps 1 to 3, the tree trunk is cut by a high-branch saw, which includes a chainsaw head and an operating rod. The chainsaw head is installed at one end of the operating rod in the length direction, and an auxiliary component is provided at the end of the operating rod close to the chainsaw head. The auxiliary component is used to apply a pulling force to the end of the operating rod close to the chainsaw head.

3. A method for pruning red pine trees according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary component comprises a box body, in which a winding roller is rotatably mounted, and a steel wire is wound on the winding roller; and a driving device for driving the winding roller to rotate and stop is arranged on the box body.

4. A method for pruning red pine trees according to claim 3, characterized in that: The winding roller is spindle-shaped.

5. A method for pruning red pine trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: A pull ring is provided at one end of the steel wire away from the winding roller.

6. A method for pruning red pine trees according to claim 2, characterized in that: The auxiliary component includes a shoulder rope and an auxiliary rope. The shoulder rope is arranged at an end of the operating rod away from the chain saw head. The shoulder rope is used by the operator to be put on the shoulder. One end of the auxiliary rope in the length direction is fixed to the end of the operating rod close to the chain saw head, and the other end is detachably connected to the shoulder rope.

7. A method for pruning red pine trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the auxiliary rope is provided with a spring buckle, and the auxiliary rope is connected to the shoulder strap rope through the spring buckle.

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