Breeding method for effectively improving quality of natural green cocoons

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method for effectively improving cocoon quality of natural green cocoons, which belongs to the technical field of silkworm variety breeding and comprises the following steps: obtaining a first natural green cocoon strain by using a natural green cocoon preservation variety and a high-quality white cocoon basic variety through a common breeding method of hybridization and backcross; selecting a natural green cocoon preservation variety and a high-quality white cocoon basic variety, and obtaining a second natural green cocoon strain by adopting a common single-hybrid breeding method; in order to improve the cocoon quality, further enable the cocoon quality to reach a breeding target and realize mechanical silk reeling of natural green cocoons, the second natural green cocoon strain and the first natural green cocoon strain are bred by adopting a natural green cocoon strain * natural green cocoon strain single-hybridization method to obtain a third natural green cocoon strain with better cocoon quality. According to the method, the cocoon quality of the Chinese or Japanese natural green cocoons is effectively improved, mechanical silk reeling can be carried out on the Guangxi natural green cocoons, and the blank that the Guangxi natural green cocoons are poor in cocoon quality and cannot be mechanically reeled is filled up.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of silkworm breeding, and more specifically, to a breeding method for effectively improving the cocoon quality of natural green cocoons of Chinese and Japanese strains. Background Art

[0002] Silk is one of the products of ancient Chinese civilization. In people's general impression, natural silk is "white and smooth". At present, most of the silk on the international market is white silk. China has a long history of using colored cocoons and rich resources of colored cocoons. Records of using colored cocoons can be seen in almost the entire process of silkworm production and development. Natural colored cocoon silk is the queen of natural fibers, with bright colors, noble and elegant. Its pigment comes from mulberry leaves, which is a natural pigment, non-toxic and harmless, with soft and bright colors. Its fabric does not need to be dyed, avoiding environmental pollution caused by printing and dyeing.

[0003] The colors of silkworm cocoons can be divided into three categories: white cocoons with no or trace amounts of pigments; yellow-red cocoons formed by the deposition of carotenoids, such as golden cocoons, flesh-colored cocoons, pink cocoons, rust-colored cocoons, etc.; and green cocoons formed by the deposition of flavonoid compounds.

[0004] Natural green silk has more moisturizing, UV absorption, antibacterial and powerful antioxidant effects, which are more than 30 times higher than cotton fibers, and other colors cannot match it. Green silk is made into underwear or cosmetics, which has a good skin care effect. Controlling the flavonoid pigments formed by green cocoons can not only reduce blood lipids, improve microcirculation, and enhance the body's immunity, but also enhance vasodilation, anti-oxidation and anti-aging effects on the human body. In addition, the silkworm pupae of green cocoons have high nutritional value and a wide range of uses, which can increase breeding income. Therefore, natural green cocoons have very high research and application value.

[0005] At present, the cultivation of green cocoon varieties is mainly achieved through genetic methods, such as a method for cultivating natural green cocoon silkworm varieties disclosed in the Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN 102986602 B, which realizes the cultivation of green cocoon silkworm varieties by introducing specific genes. However, the natural green cocoon preservation varieties in the variety resources have thin cocoon layers, and there are many poor cocoons such as thin-headed cocoons, pointed-headed cocoons, and cotton cocoons. Mechanical reeling is impossible, and the conditions for direct promotion and application are not met, so practical transformation must be carried out. Summary of the invention

[0006] One object of the present invention is to provide a breeding method for effectively improving the cocoon quality of Chinese or Japanese natural green cocoons, thereby improving the cocoon quality of natural green cocoons and enabling natural green cocoons, especially Guangxi natural green cocoons, to be mechanically reeled.

[0007] The breeding of Chinese or Japanese natural green cocoon varieties generally adopts the hybridization and backcrossing of natural green cocoon preservation varieties and white cocoon base varieties or the single hybridization of natural green cocoon preservation varieties and white cocoon base varieties:

[0008] (1) Hybridization and backcrossing of natural green cocoon varieties with white cocoon basic varieties: The white cocoon basic varieties with excellent comprehensive traits were selected for hybridization and backcrossing with natural green cocoon varieties with dark green cocoon color and strong resistance. The cocoon quality of the selected natural green cocoon strains was improved, but it did not meet the breeding target requirements. In addition, the cocoon color was light, and there were many poor cocoons such as thin-headed cocoons and cottony cocoons. The cocoon shape was not uniform and could not be mechanically reeled.

[0009] (2) Single hybridization of natural green cocoon preserved varieties and white cocoon basic varieties: Natural green cocoon preserved varieties with dark green cocoon color and strong resistance are selected for hybridization with white cocoon basic varieties with excellent comprehensive traits. The cocoon quality of the selected natural green cocoon strains is significantly improved, the cocoon color is dark green, the rate of poor cocoons with thin cocoons and the rate of cotton cocoons are significantly reduced, and the total cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity and cocoon layer rate are increased. However, the cocoon shape is not uniform enough, and the expected breeding goal is not achieved.

[0010] The breeding method for effectively improving the cocoon quality of Chinese or Japanese natural green cocoons of the present invention has two more steps than the conventional breeding method. The natural green cocoon strain bred by the single hybridization method of natural green cocoon preservation varieties and white cocoon basic varieties and the natural green cocoon strain bred by the hybridization and backcrossing method of natural green cocoon preservation varieties and white cocoon basic varieties are hybridized again by the single hybridization method of "natural green strain×natural green cocoon strain". Under the high temperature and humid environment, the cocoon quality of natural green cocoons is further improved and the comprehensive traits are fixed through systematic selection to form Chinese or Japanese natural green cocoon strains, the total cocoon amount, the cocoon layer amount and the cocoon layer rate are significantly improved, the cocoon color is dark green and uniform, the cocoon shape is uniform, and the thin-head cocoon rate is low, thereby achieving the expected breeding goal.

[0011] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons is provided, which is applicable to Chinese natural green cocoons and Japanese natural green cocoons, comprising:

[0012] Selecting basic white cocoon varieties with excellent comprehensive traits and natural green cocoon preservation varieties, adopting hybridization and backcrossing breeding methods, and through systematic selection, improving the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of natural green cocoons to form the first natural green cocoon strain;

[0013] Select the natural green cocoon preservation varieties with dark green cocoon color and strong resistance and the white cocoon basic varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, adopt the single hybrid breeding method, and through systematic selection, improve the cocoon quality of natural green cocoons and fix the comprehensive traits to form the second natural green cocoon strain;

[0014] The second natural green cocoon strain and the first natural green cocoon strain were selected, and the natural green cocoon strain × natural green cocoon strain single hybrid breeding method was adopted. Through systematic selection, the quality of natural green cocoons and comprehensive traits were further improved to form a third natural green cocoon strain with better cocoon quality.

[0015] The present invention provides a breeding method for effectively improving the cocoon quality of natural green cocoons of Chinese origin, comprising:

[0016] Hybridization and backcrossing of white cocoon basic varieties and Chinese natural green cocoon preservation varieties: Select Chinese white cocoon basic varieties and Chinese natural green cocoon preservation varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, adopt Chinese × Chinese hybridization and backcrossing breeding methods, and through systematic selection, improve the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of Chinese natural green cocoons to form the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain; the total cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity, and cocoon layer rate have increased, but have not reached the breeding target requirements, and there are many poor cocoons such as thin-headed cocoons and cotton cocoons, the cocoon color is light, and it cannot be mechanically reeled, and needs to be improved;

[0017] Single hybridization of Japanese natural green cocoon preservation varieties and Chinese basic varieties: Select Japanese natural green cocoon preservation varieties with dark green cocoon color and strong resistance and Chinese white cocoon basic varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, adopt Japanese × Chinese single hybridization breeding method, and through systematic selection, improve the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of Chinese natural green cocoons to form the second Chinese natural green cocoon strain; the total cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity, and cocoon layer rate are significantly improved, and the poor cocoons such as thin-headed cocoons and cotton cocoons are significantly reduced. The cocoon color is dark green, but the cocoon shape is not uniform enough and needs to be improved;

[0018] Single hybridization of Chinese natural green cocoon strain and Chinese natural green cocoon strain: In order to further improve the quality of Chinese natural green cocoons and make the quality of Chinese natural green cocoons reach the breeding target, the second Chinese natural green cocoon strain and the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain were selected, and the Chinese × Chinese single hybridization breeding method was adopted again. Through systematic selection, the quality of Chinese natural green cocoons and comprehensive traits were further improved to form a third Chinese natural green cocoon strain with better cocoon quality. The total cocoon amount, cocoon layer amount and cocoon layer rate were further improved, there were no cotton cocoons, the rate of thin-head cocoons was greatly reduced, the cocoon color was dark green, and the cocoon shape was uniform, meeting the breeding target requirements.

[0019] The present invention provides a breeding method for effectively improving the quality of Japanese natural green cocoons, comprising:

[0020] We selected the basic Japanese white cocoon varieties with excellent comprehensive traits and the preserved Chinese natural green cocoon varieties, adopted the breeding method of Japanese × Chinese hybridization and backcrossing, and through systematic selection, improved the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Japanese natural green cocoon to form the first Japanese natural green cocoon strain;

[0021] Select the preserved Japanese natural green cocoon varieties with dark green cocoon color and strong resistance and the basic Japanese white cocoon varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, adopt the Japanese × Japanese single hybrid breeding method, and through systematic selection, improve the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Japanese natural green cocoon to form the second Japanese natural green cocoon strain;

[0022] The second Japanese natural green cocoon strain and the first Japanese natural green cocoon strain were selected, and the Japanese natural green cocoon strain × Japanese natural green cocoon strain single hybrid breeding method was adopted. Through systematic selection, the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Japanese natural green cocoon were further improved to form a third Japanese natural green cocoon strain with better cocoon quality.

[0023] Furthermore, the selected natural green cocoon strains were combined into a four-way hybrid combination for laboratory identification.

[0024] In one embodiment, the third Chinese natural green cocoon strain and the third Chinese natural green cocoon strain are hybridized to obtain the Chinese original species, the third Japanese natural green cocoon strain and the third Japanese natural green cocoon strain are hybridized to obtain the Japanese original species, and the Chinese original species and the Japanese original species are hybridized to obtain a four-way hybrid combination, which is then subjected to laboratory identification.

[0025] Preferably, the breeding of Chinese and Japanese natural green cocoon strains is similar. Taking the breeding of Chinese natural green cocoon varieties as an example, the breeding method of the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain is:

[0026] The Chinese white cocoon basic variety A (8M235) and the Chinese natural green cocoon preservation variety B (Green 1) are crossbred for several generations, and the Chinese green cocoons that meet the breeding goals are strictly selected and the variegated cocoons are eliminated; three generations or more are preferred, including at least two generations of mixed moth area breeding and one generation of single moth area breeding;

[0027] After several generations of hybridization and breeding, backcross breeding is performed with the basic variety A of the middle-line white cocoon for several generations, and the middle-line green cocoons that meet the breeding target are strictly selected and the variegated cocoons are eliminated; three generations or more are preferred, and single moth area breeding is preferred;

[0028] After several generations of backcross breeding, backcross breeding is carried out with the Chinese white cocoon basic variety A for several generations, and Chinese green cocoons that meet the breeding goals are strictly selected to obtain the first Chinese natural green cocoon variety, preferably more than three generations, and preferably breeding in mixed moth areas.

[0029] Preferably, the breeding method of the second middle-line natural green cocoon strain is:

[0030] The Japanese natural green cocoon preserved variety C×Chinese white cocoon basic variety D are hybridized and bred for several generations. During the breeding, Chinese green cocoons that meet the breeding goals are strictly selected and variegated cocoons are eliminated to obtain the second Chinese natural green cocoon strain.

[0031] Preferably, the breeding method of the third natural green cocoon strain is:

[0032] The second Chinese natural green cocoon strain is selected and bred with the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain for several generations. During the breeding process, the Chinese dark green cocoons that meet the breeding goals are strictly retained and the light green cocoons are eliminated to obtain the third Chinese natural green cocoon strain.

[0033] Preferably, the breeding method of the Chinese natural green cocoon variety that effectively improves the cocoon quality is as follows:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] Among them, □ is bred in mixed moth areas, 0 is bred in single moth areas; 8M235 is the basic Chinese white cocoon variety A, Green 1 is the preserved Chinese natural green cocoon variety B, Cocoon Green is the preserved Japanese natural green cocoon variety C, Zhenfeng 8M10 is the basic Chinese white cocoon variety D, B8M3 Green is the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain, Green Zhen 10 is the second Chinese natural green cocoon strain, Green M is the third Chinese natural green cocoon strain.

[0037] The breeding process of the Japanese natural green cocoon variety that effectively improves the cocoon quality of the present invention is as follows:

[0038] Japanese white cocoon basic variety × Chinese natural green cocoon preserved variety Japanese natural green cocoon preserved variety × Japanese white cocoon basic variety

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Among them, □ represents breeding in mixed moth areas, and 0 represents breeding in single moth areas.

[0042] Among them, 7M235 is the Japanese basic white cocoon variety, C108 is the Chinese natural green cocoon preserved variety, Cocoon Green is the Japanese natural green cocoon preserved variety, and 9th76 is the Japanese basic white cocoon preserved variety.

[0043] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. The method for selecting and breeding Chinese natural green cocoon varieties of the present invention is the first to adopt the breeding method of "selecting the second Chinese natural green cocoon strain and the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain, and then adopting the Chinese × Chinese single hybrid breeding method to obtain the third Chinese natural green cocoon strain", which effectively improves the cocoon quality of Chinese natural green cocoons. The method for selecting and breeding Japanese natural green cocoon varieties of the present invention is the first to adopt the breeding method of "selecting the second Japanese natural green cocoon strain and the first Japanese natural green cocoon strain, and then adopting the Japanese × Japanese single hybrid breeding method to obtain the third Japanese natural green cocoon strain", which effectively improves the cocoon quality of Japanese natural green cocoons. The above method enables natural green cocoons, especially Guangxi natural green cocoons, to be mechanically reeled, filling the gap that Guangxi natural green cocoons have poor cocoon quality and cannot be mechanically reeled.

[0045] 2. The present invention adopts Chinese white cocoon basic varieties with excellent comprehensive traits and Chinese natural green cocoon preservation varieties with low total cocoon amount and cocoon layer rate, but strong resistance and relatively uniform cocoon shape to breed the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain by hybridization and backcrossing breeding; adopts Japanese white cocoon basic varieties with excellent comprehensive traits and Chinese natural green cocoon preservation varieties with high cocoon layer rate and relatively uniform cocoon shape, but lighter cocoon color and poorer resistance to breed the first Japanese natural green cocoon strain by hybridization and backcrossing breeding.

[0046] The second Chinese (or Japanese) natural green cocoon is bred by single hybrid breeding of a Japanese natural green cocoon variety with bright cocoon color and strong resistance and a Chinese (or Japanese) white cocoon basic variety with excellent comprehensive traits, and the cocoon color, cocoon shape and other comprehensive shapes of the Chinese (or Japanese) natural green cocoon are improved;

[0047] The first Chinese (or Japanese) natural green cocoon and the second Chinese (or Japanese) natural green cocoon are once again subjected to single cross breeding, thereby breeding a third Chinese (or Japanese) natural green cocoon with better cocoon quality. The cocoon quality of the third Chinese (or Japanese) natural green cocoon strain is greatly improved, which is better than the first Chinese (or Japanese) natural green cocoon and the second Chinese (or Japanese) natural green cocoon.

[0048] In one embodiment, the obtained third-series natural green cocoon has a dark green color, an oval cocoon shape, a uniform cocoon shape, medium shrinkage, a poor thin cocoon rate of 8.34%, which is 79.14 and 9.21 percentage points lower than the first-series natural green cocoon and the second-series green cocoon, respectively, and there are no poor cocoons such as pointed cocoons and cotton cocoons. The pupa life rate is 93.10%, which is 32.06 and 2.31 percentage points higher than the first-series natural green cocoon and the second-series green cocoon, respectively. The whole cocoon weight is 1.37g, which is 9.60% and 3.00% higher than the first-series natural green cocoon and the second-series green cocoon, respectively. The cocoon layer weight is 0.272g, which is 19.30.% and 9.68% higher than the first-series natural green cocoon and the second-series green cocoon, respectively. The cocoon layer rate is 19.93%, which is 1.47 and 1.17 percentage points higher than the first-series natural green cocoon and the second-series natural green cocoon, respectively.

[0049] In one embodiment, the obtained third-day natural green cocoon has a dark green color, a shallow waist, a uniform cocoon shape, medium shrinkage, a poor thin cocoon rate of 9.71%, which is 76.68 and 15.49 percentage points lower than the first-day natural green cocoon and the second-day green cocoon, respectively, and there are no poor cocoons such as pointed cocoons and cotton cocoons. The pupa life rate is 91.95%, which is 19.88 and 8.51 percentage points higher than the first-day natural green cocoon and the second-day green cocoon, respectively. The whole cocoon weight is 1.40g, which is 35.10% and 21.51% higher than the first-day natural green cocoon and the second-day green cocoon, respectively. The cocoon layer weight is 0.275g, which is 38.89.% and 27.91% higher than the first-day natural green cocoon and the second-day green cocoon, respectively. The cocoon layer rate is 19.63%, which is 0.54 percentage points higher than the first-day natural green cocoon and 0.98 percentage points higher than the second-day natural green cocoon.

[0050] 3. The four-way hybrid combination of the present invention was identified in the laboratory. The cocoon color was dark green and uniform. The total weight of the orthogonal cocoon was 1.53g, the weight of the cocoon layer was 0.311g, the cocoon layer rate was 20.32%, the length of the orthogonal and reciprocal cocoon silk was 805 meters, the purity was not significantly different from that of the Liangguang No. 2, and the rate of silk reeling was 98.7.8%, which realized that the natural green cocoons in Guangxi can be used for mechanical reeling.

[0051] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 The third silkworm picture of the present invention is a natural green cocoon green M;

[0053] Figure 2 The cocoon picture of the third natural green cocoon Green M of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is the first natural green cocoon 8M3 green cocoon picture of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a picture of the cocoon of the second natural green cocoon Green Town 10 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a picture of the first Japanese natural green cocoon 7M3 green cocoon of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 This is the picture of the cocoon of the second day natural green cocoon color green 9 days 76 of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7 This is a picture of a natural green cocoon (cocoon color green · 9th day 76) · 7M3 green of the third day series of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 8This is a picture of the quadruple hybrid cocoon of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0062] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0063] The sources of the parents used are as follows:

[0064] The Chinese white cocoon basic variety 8M235 is a Chinese variety selected and preserved by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericulture Technology Extension Station, with excellent overall shape. It was obtained by hybridizing the parent of Guican No. 2 (8810) and the parent of Guican F95 (35) through systematic breeding.

[0065] The Chinese natural green cocoon variety Green 1 is a variety selected and preserved by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericulture Technology Extension Station. It is bred by hybridization of DAR Cocoon Green × CVDAR. DAR is the parent of Guican N2, Cocoon Green is the parent of Guican No. 15, and CVDAR is a silkworm variety with strong resistance to blood-type pus disease.

[0066] The Japanese natural green cocoon variety with green cocoon color is: a variety selected and preserved by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericulture Technology Promotion Station, and it is the parent of Guican No. 15 with green cocoon color.

[0067] The basic Chinese white cocoon variety Zhenfeng 8M10 is a variety selected and preserved by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericulture Technology Extension Station. It is bred by hybridizing the parent of Guican No. 8 (Xiu) and a Chinese variety (Zhenfeng), which is bred by hybridizing a Chinese variety (Zhen) and a Chinese variety (97 Qiufeng). 97 is the parent of Guican F95, and Qiufeng is the parent of Qiufeng×Baiyu.

[0068] The Japanese white cocoon basic variety 7M235 is a Chinese variety selected and preserved by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericulture Technology Extension Station, with excellent overall shape. It was obtained by hybridizing the parent of Liangguang No. 2 (7532) and the parent of Guican F95 (35) through systematic breeding.

[0069] The Japanese white cocoon basic variety 9Ri76 is a preserved variety bred by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericulture Technology Promotion Station. It is bred by hybridizing the preserved variety 9775Ri10 with the Japanese variety 76HN02. The Japanese variety (76HN02) is the result of hybridizing the parent (76) of Guican F95 and the parent HN02 of Guican N2.

[0070] The Chinese natural green cocoon preserved variety C108 is a variety selected and preserved by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Sericulture Technology Promotion Center.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] A breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons of Chinese origin, comprising:

[0073] Hybridization and backcrossing of the Chinese white cocoon basic variety and the Chinese natural green cocoon preservation variety 8M3 green: {[(8M235×Green1)F5×8M235]F5×8M235}F 10 The basic Chinese white cocoon variety "8M235" with excellent comprehensive traits bred by Guangxi Sericulture Station and the preserved Chinese natural green cocoon variety "Green 1" were selected. The breeding method of "Chinese × Chinese" hybridization and backcrossing was adopted. Under the high temperature and humid environment conditions of 24.6℃ and 74% air humidity, the uniformity of green cocoons was improved through systematic selection. The first Chinese natural green cocoon strain (8M3 green) with uniform round cocoon shape and comprehensive characteristics.

[0074] Japanese natural green cocoon variety and Chinese basic variety single hybrid green town 10: cocoon color green × Zhenfeng 8M10F 13 We selected the dark green and strong resistance Japanese natural green cocoon variety "Jianselu" preserved by Guangxi Sericulture Station and the comprehensive excellent Chinese white cocoon basic variety "Zhenfeng 8M10" bred by Guangxi Sericulture Station, and adopted the "Japanese × Chinese" single hybrid breeding method. Under the high temperature and humid environment conditions of 24.6℃ and 74% air humidity, through systematic selection, we improved the uniformity of dark green cocoon color, The uniformity of the round cocoon shape and the fixed comprehensive characteristics form the second-class natural green cocoon strain (Green Town 10).

[0075] The coefficient of the first Chinese natural green cocoon variety and the second Chinese natural green cocoon variety were single-hybridized with Green M: Green Town 10×8M3 Green F9. The Chinese natural green cocoon variety "Green Town 10" selected by single hybridization and the Chinese natural green cocoon variety "8M3 Green" selected by hybridization and backcrossing were again bred by single hybridization "Chinese×Chinese". Under the high temperature and humid environment conditions of 24.6℃ and 74% air humidity, through systematic selection, the uniformity of dark green cocoon color, uniformity of Chinese cocoon shape and comprehensive traits were improved to form the Chinese natural green cocoon variety (Green M).

[0076] The breeding process is as follows:

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Among them, □ represents breeding in mixed moth areas, and 0 represents breeding in single moth areas.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] A breeding method for effectively improving the quality of Japanese natural green cocoons, comprising:

[0082] Hybridization and backcrossing of Japanese white cocoon basic varieties and Chinese natural green cocoon preservation varieties 7M3 green: {[(7M235×C108)F5×7M235]F5×7M235}F 10

[0083] The Japanese white cocoon basic variety "7M235" with excellent comprehensive traits bred by Guangxi Sericulture Station and the preserved Chinese natural green cocoon "C108" were selected and bred by the "Japanese × Chinese" hybridization and backcrossing breeding method. Under the high temperature and humid environment conditions of 24.6℃ and 74% air humidity, the uniformity of the green cocoons was improved through systematic selection. The first Japanese natural green cocoon strain (7M3 Green) with fixed round cocoon shape, uniformity and comprehensive characteristics.

[0084] Japanese natural green cocoon variety and Japanese basic variety single hybrid cocoon color green 9 days 76: cocoon color green × 9 days 76F 13

[0085] We selected the dark green and strong resistance Japanese natural green cocoon variety "Jianselu" preserved by Guangxi Sericulture Station and the Japanese white cocoon basic variety "9ri 76" with excellent comprehensive traits bred by Guangxi Sericulture Station, and adopted the "day by day" single hybrid breeding method. Under the high temperature and high humidity environment of 24.6℃ and 74% air humidity, through systematic selection, we improved the uniformity of dark green cocoon color, The uniformity of the round cocoon shape and the comprehensive characteristics are fixed to form the second-day natural green cocoon strain (cocoon color green·9 days 76).

[0086] Single hybrid of the first Japanese natural green cocoon variety and the second Japanese natural green cocoon variety (green cocoon color·9th day 76·7M3 green): green cocoon color·9th day 76×7M3 green F9

[0087] The Japanese natural green cocoon variety "Cocoon Color Green 9th Day 76" selected by single hybridization and the Japanese natural green cocoon variety "7M3 Green" selected by hybridization and backcrossing were hybridized again by single hybridization method "day × day". Under the high temperature and humid environment conditions of temperature 24.6℃ and air humidity 74%, through systematic selection, the uniformity of dark green cocoon color, the uniformity of medium cocoon shape and comprehensive traits were improved to form the third Japanese natural green cocoon variety ((Cocoon Color Green 9th Day 76) 7M3 Green).

[0088] The breeding process is as follows:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Among them, □ represents breeding in mixed moth areas, and 0 represents breeding in single moth areas.

[0092] Test results

[0093] The Chinese and Japanese green cocoon silkworm varieties and the control "Liangguang No. 2" were cross-crossed at the same time and under the same environmental conditions. Each variety was collected in 5 areas. After the silkworms were picked up at the fourth instar, the number of heads was determined, 300 heads in each area, and 3 areas for each variety. The number of diseased and dead silkworms was recorded in the silkworm stage and cluster, and the number of dead cocoons in the pupa stage was recorded. The cocoon color, cocoon shape uniformity, thin-headed cocoons, cotton cocoons, pointed-headed cocoons, whole cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity, cocoon layer rate, etc. were investigated.

[0094] The feeding results are compared as follows:

[0095] Table 1: Silkworm variety breeding results

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] From Table 1 above, it can be seen that the preserved variety of Chinese natural green cocoon variety "Green 1" has a higher pupae survival rate, better resistance, a short oval cocoon shape, is relatively uniform, has fewer pointed cocoons, and a dark green cocoon color, but the total cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity, and cocoon layer rate are relatively low, and the rate of poor cocoon thin cocoons is 100%, making it impossible to perform mechanical reeling. The present invention adopts the hybridization and backcrossing breeding improvement of the Chinese natural green cocoon variety "Green 1" with excellent comprehensive traits and obtains the first Chinese natural green cocoon variety 8M3 green, with a short cocoon shape and a dark green cocoon color. It is round and relatively uniform, with fine wrinkles. The total cocoon quantity, cocoon layer quantity and cocoon layer rate have increased significantly, which are 26.26, 46.15 and 2.6 percentage points higher than those of Green 1 respectively. There are no pointed cocoons, and the rate of bad cocoons is 6.90%, which is 15.11 percentage points lower than that of "Green 1". However, the cocoon color is light green, and the rate of thin cocoons is as high as 87.48%, making it impossible to carry out mechanical reeling. In addition, the survival rate of insect pupae is only 61.04%, and the resistance is poor. It still needs to be improved.

[0099] The preserved variety Japanese natural green cocoon variety "Cocoon Color Green" has a dark green cocoon color and strong resistance, but the cocoon layer quantity, cocoon layer rate, cocoon shape, thin head cocoon, cotton cocoon, cocoon shape uniformity and other trait data are poor. The present invention uses the Chinese white cocoon basic variety with excellent comprehensive traits and the preserved variety Japanese natural green cocoon variety "Cocoon Color Green" to obtain the second Chinese natural green cocoon variety Green Town 10 after single hybrid breeding and improvement. The Green Town 10 has a dark green cocoon color and a cocoon shape. The cocoon shape is round, the cocoon shape is relatively uniform, the shrinkage is moderate, the thin cocoon rate is 17.55%, there is no pointed cocoon, the soft cocoon rate is 1.76%, the pupa life rate is 90.79%, the whole cocoon weight is 1.33g, the cocoon layer weight is 0.248g, and the cocoon layer rate is 18.76%, which is obviously improved. However, there are still many thin cocoons and soft cocoons, and the cocoon layer rate is not high enough, which has not reached the breeding goal.

[0100] In order to significantly improve the cocoon quality and meet the needs of mechanical reeling, the present invention further single-crosses the first Chinese natural green cocoon variety 8M3 green and the second Chinese natural green cocoon variety Green Town 10 to obtain the third Chinese natural green cocoon variety Green M, and the cocoon quality of Green M is greatly improved, which is better than the first Chinese natural green cocoon variety 8M3 green and the second Chinese natural green cocoon variety Green Town 10. The cocoon color is dark green, the cocoon shape is oval, the cocoon shape is uniform, the shrinkage is medium, the thin head cocoon (bad cocoon) rate is 8.34%, which is 79.14 and 9.21 percentage points lower than the first Chinese natural green cocoon variety 8M3 green and the second Chinese natural green cocoon variety Green Town 10, respectively. There are no bad cocoons such as pointed cocoons and cotton cocoons. The pupa life rate is 93.10%, which is 32.06 and 2.31 percentage points higher than the first Chinese natural green cocoon variety 8M3 green and the second Chinese natural green cocoon variety Green Town 10, respectively. The whole cocoon volume is 1.3 7g, which is 9.60% and 3.00% higher than the first natural green cocoon variety 8M3 green and the second natural green cocoon variety Green Town 10 respectively; the cocoon layer volume is 0.272g, which is 19.30% and 9.68% higher than the first natural green cocoon variety 8M3 green and the second natural green cocoon variety Green Town 10 respectively; the cocoon layer rate is 19.93%, which is 1.47 and 1.17 percentage points higher than the first natural green cocoon variety 8M3 green and the second natural green cocoon variety Green Town 10 respectively. The cocoon quality is significantly improved and can be mechanically reeled.

[0101] The obtained third-day natural green cocoons were dark green in color, shallowly waisted, uniform in shape, with moderate shrinkage, and a thin-head cocoon (bad cocoon) rate of 9.71%, which were 76.68 and 15.49 percentage points lower than those of the first-day natural green cocoons and the second-day green cocoons, respectively. There were no bad cocoons such as pointed cocoons and cotton cocoons. The pupa life rate was 91.95%, which were 19.88 and 8.51 percentage points higher than those of the first-day natural green cocoons and the second-day green cocoons, respectively. The whole cocoon weight was 1.40 g, which were 35.10% and 21.51% higher than those of the first-day natural green cocoons and the second-day green cocoons, respectively. The cocoon layer weight was 0.275 g, which were 38.89% and 27.91% higher than those of the first-day natural green cocoons and the second-day green cocoons, respectively. The cocoon layer rate was 19.63%, which was 0.54 percentage point higher than the first-day natural green cocoon and 0.98 percentage point higher than the second-day natural green cocoon.

[0102] like Figure 8 As shown, the third natural green cocoon strain was matched with a four-way hybrid combination (specifically, the third Chinese natural green cocoon strain and the third Chinese natural green cocoon strain were hybridized to obtain the Chinese original species, the third Japanese natural green cocoon strain and the third Japanese natural green cocoon strain were hybridized to obtain the Japanese original species, and the Chinese original species and the Japanese original species were hybridized to obtain the four-way hybrid) for laboratory identification. The cocoon color is dark green and uniform, the total amount of backcross cocoons is 1.57g, the amount of cocoon layers is 0.323g, the cocoon layer rate is 20.58%, the length of the silk of the forward and reverse cross cocoons is 805 meters, the purity is not significantly different from that of the Guangdong and Guangxi No. 2, and the rate of getting on the train is 98.7%, which has realized that Guangxi natural green cocoons can be mechanically reeled. The silk quality inspection results are as follows:

[0103] Table 2 Silk quality results

[0104]

[0105] like Figure 1 Shown is a picture of a silkworm with a natural green cocoon green M of the third series of the present invention; Figure 2 Shown are pictures of the cocoons of the third series natural green cocoon Green M. The upper picture is the picture of the cocoons when they are in a cluster, and the lower picture is a close-up picture of the cocoons after they are taken off. It can be seen that there are no cotton cocoons, very few thin-head cocoons, the cocoon color is dark green, and the cocoon shape is uniform.

[0106] Figure 3 This is a picture of the first series of natural green cocoons 8M3 green cocoons; among them, there are many poor quality cocoons such as pointed and thin cocoons, cotton cocoons, etc. The cocoon color is light and the cocoon quality still needs to be improved.

[0107] Figure 4 This is a picture of the cocoon of the second type of natural green cocoon Green Town 10 of the present invention; wherein, the cocoon color becomes slightly dark green, but the cocoon shape is not uniform enough, some are relatively long, some are relatively short, and the cocoon quality still needs to be improved.

[0108] Figure 5This is a picture of the first Japanese natural green cocoon 7M3 green cocoon of the present invention; it can be seen that the cocoon color is light and the cocoon quality still needs to be improved.

[0109] Figure 6 This is a picture of the cocoon of the second Japanese natural green cocoon of the present invention, the cocoon color is green·9th 76; its cocoon color is darker green, but the cocoon shape is uneven, and the cocoon quality still needs to be improved.

[0110] Figure 7 This is a picture of the cocoon of the third day natural green cocoon (cocoon color green 9th day 76) 7M3 green of the present invention; its cocoon color is bright green and the cocoon shape is uniform.

[0111] Figure 8 This is a picture of the four-way hybrid cocoon of the present invention; it can be put on a machine for mechanical reeling, and the silk quality is high.

[0112] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons, characterized in that: Applicable to Chinese and Japanese natural green cocoons, including: Selecting basic white cocoon varieties with excellent comprehensive traits and natural green cocoon preservation varieties, adopting hybridization and backcrossing breeding methods, and through systematic selection, improving the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of natural green cocoons to form the first natural green cocoon strain; Select the natural green cocoon preservation varieties with dark green cocoon color and strong resistance and the white cocoon basic varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, adopt the single hybrid breeding method, and through systematic selection, improve the cocoon quality of natural green cocoons and fix the comprehensive traits to form the second natural green cocoon strain; The second natural green cocoon strain and the first natural green cocoon strain were selected, and the natural green cocoon strain × natural green cocoon strain single hybrid breeding method was adopted. Through systematic selection, the quality of natural green cocoons and comprehensive traits were further improved to form a third natural green cocoon strain with better cocoon quality.

2. The breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: For Chinese natural green cocoon, including: Select the basic Chinese white cocoon varieties with excellent comprehensive traits and the preserved Chinese natural green cocoon varieties, adopt the breeding method of Chinese × Chinese hybridization and backcrossing, and through systematic selection, improve the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Chinese natural green cocoon to form the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain; Select the preserved Japanese natural green cocoon varieties with dark green cocoon color and strong resistance and the basic Chinese white cocoon varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, adopt the Japanese × Chinese single hybrid breeding method, and through systematic selection, improve the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Chinese natural green cocoon to form the second Chinese natural green cocoon strain; The second Chinese natural green cocoon strain and the first Chinese natural green cocoon strain are selected, and the Chinese natural green cocoon strain × Chinese natural green cocoon strain single hybrid breeding method is adopted to further improve the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Chinese natural green cocoon strain through systematic selection to form a third Chinese natural green cocoon strain with better cocoon quality; For Japanese natural green cocoon, including: The Japanese white cocoon basic varieties with excellent comprehensive traits and the Chinese natural green cocoon preservation varieties with more uniform cocoon shape and higher cocoon layer rate were selected, and the breeding methods of Japanese × Chinese hybridization and backcrossing were adopted. After systematic selection, the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Japanese natural green cocoon were improved to form the first Japanese natural green cocoon strain; Select the preserved Japanese natural green cocoon varieties with dark green cocoon color and strong resistance and the basic Japanese white cocoon varieties with excellent comprehensive traits, adopt the Japanese × Japanese single hybrid breeding method, and through systematic selection, improve the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Japanese natural green cocoon to form the second Japanese natural green cocoon strain; The second Japanese natural green cocoon strain and the first Japanese natural green cocoon strain were selected, and the Japanese natural green cocoon strain × Japanese natural green cocoon strain single hybrid breeding method was adopted. Through systematic selection, the cocoon quality and comprehensive traits of the Japanese natural green cocoon were further improved to form a third Japanese natural green cocoon strain with better cocoon quality.

3. The breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The third natural green cocoon strain obtained by selection is then combined into a four-way hybrid.

4. The breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The breeding method of the first natural green cocoon strain is: Step 1: Crossbreed the white cocoon basic variety × the natural green cocoon preservation variety for several generations, strictly select the green cocoons that meet the breeding goals and eliminate the variegated cocoons; Step 2: after several generations of hybridization and breeding, backcross breeding is performed with the white cocoon basic variety for several generations, and green cocoons that meet the breeding target are strictly selected and variegated cocoons are eliminated; Step 3: After several generations of backcross breeding, the mixture is backcrossed with the natural green cocoon conservation variety for several generations, and the green cocoons that meet the breeding goals are strictly selected to obtain the first natural green cocoon strain.

5. The breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The breeding method of the second natural green cocoon strain is: The natural green cocoon variety × the white cocoon basic variety are hybridized and bred for several generations, and during the breeding process, green cocoons that meet the breeding goals are strictly selected and variegated cocoons are eliminated to obtain the second natural green cocoon strain.

6. The breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The breeding method of the third natural green cocoon variety is: The second natural green cocoon strain is selected and bred with the first natural green cocoon strain for several generations. During the breeding process, dark green cocoons that meet the breeding goals are strictly retained and light green cocoons are eliminated to obtain the third natural green cocoon strain.

7. The breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In the step 1 of breeding the first natural green cocoon strain, three generations or more are bred, and at least two generations of mixed moth area breeding and one generation of single moth area breeding are included; in the step 2, three generations or more are bred, and single moth area breeding is adopted; in the step 3, three generations or more are bred, and mixed moth area breeding is adopted; In the breeding of the second natural green cocoon strain, ten generations were selected, including at least two generations of mixed moth area breeding and several generations of single moth area breeding; In the breeding of the third natural green cocoon variety, ten generations were selected, including at least two generations of mixed moth area breeding and several generations of single moth area breeding.

8. The breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The details of the breeding of natural green cocoons are as follows:

9. The breeding method for effectively improving the quality of natural green cocoons as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The details of Japanese natural green cocoon breeding are as follows:

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