Aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration

Abstract

The present invention discloses an aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration, which relates to the technical field of water ecological restoration, and includes a water ecological data acquisition unit, wherein the water ecological data acquisition unit acquires ecological data related to a target lake, processes the acquired target related ecological data, selects ecological resistance factors related to the target lake for constructing an ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake, and further extracts ecological corridors based on the constructed ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake. The present invention proposes an aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration, wherein the water ecological data acquisition unit is used to acquire and process ecological data related to the target lake, selects ecological resistance factors related to the target lake for constructing an ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake, and extracts ecological corridors of the target lake, and identifies ecological nodes with important functions in the target lake area through an ecological restoration area identification unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water ecological restoration, and in particular to an aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] Aquatic plants can improve water transparency and dissolved oxygen concentration, control nutrient release, and promote healthy nutrient circulation, which plays a very important role in aquatic ecosystems. The Chinese patent application number 202211650368.3 discloses a "construction method for repairing water ecology using a variety of aquatic plants, which specifically includes the following steps: S1, selecting a variety of aquatic plant seeds, S2, raising seedlings; S3, when the cultivated aquatic plants germinate and grow to a height of 15-20 cm, they are transplanted to the aquatic ecological environment to be repaired, topdressing once every 3-6 weeks, and removing weeds in the water; S 4. Install several water quality monitoring devices in the water ecological environment to be repaired, and perform water quality detection of the water ecological environment in real time; S5. Use a modeling system to build a data model for the construction of water ecological restoration using multiple aquatic plants, and then perform numerical analysis through an analysis system. The present invention relates to the technical field of water ecological management. The construction method of water ecological restoration using multiple aquatic plants reconstructs the aquatic plant community of the water ecological system, absorbs and utilizes the nutrients in the water, and provides a living environment for microorganisms to manage eutrophic water bodies, which is suitable for the restoration of water surfaces such as urban rivers and lakes. ";

[0003] This existing technology only solves the problem that current water ecological restoration generally focuses on the mechanism of action of a single type of aquatic plants on improving water quality. However, in the actual engineering construction process, it is often necessary to select multiple types of aquatic plants to jointly improve water quality based on hydrological, geographical and other factors combined with seasonal changes. It does not take into account the different ecological conditions in different areas of the lake. The area in the lake that needs ecological restoration should be determined first, and on this basis, the ecological priority restoration area should be further determined, and the planted aquatic plants should be screened, and the planting parameters of the screened aquatic plants should be optimized to improve the restoration effect of aquatic plants on the water ecology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration, comprising a water ecological data acquisition unit, wherein the water ecological data acquisition unit acquires ecological data related to a target lake, processes the acquired target-related ecological data, selects ecological resistance factors related to the target lake to construct an ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake, and further extracts ecological corridors based on the constructed ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake;

[0006] An ecological restoration area identification unit, which identifies important ecological nodes in the target lake area, including ecological pattern pinch points and ecological pattern barrier points, and performs ecological area division operations on the target lake based on the identification results of the ecological nodes;

[0007] A water ecological restoration unit, which collects water samples and obtains water quality parameters from lake areas that need ecological restoration based on the ecological area division results, and then screens aquatic plants to be planted and optimizes aquatic plant planting density parameters to improve the effect of aquatic plants on water quality. After the aquatic plants are planted, the water bodies in the lake areas that need ecological restoration are regularly monitored;

[0008] A water quality safety assessment unit is provided with water body ecological assessment factors. By collecting data corresponding to the water body ecological assessment factors in the lake area that needs ecological restoration, a health assessment of the lake area that needs ecological restoration is achieved, and the water ecological restoration effect of aquatic plants on the lake area is verified.

[0009] Preferably, the water ecological data acquisition unit includes an ecological data collection module and an ecological data processing module. The ecological data collection module acquires relevant ecological data of the target lake, including rainfall data, DEM data, normalized vegetation index data, soil data and potential evapotranspiration data, wherein the rainfall data and potential evapotranspiration data are both acquired through the Scientific Meteorological Data Center, wherein the DEM data is acquired through the geospatial data cloud platform, wherein the normalized vegetation index data is acquired through the maximum normalized vegetation index data set stored in the ecological science data center, wherein the soil data is acquired through the soil database, and the ecological data processing module is electrically connected to the ecological data collection module, and the ecological data processing module processes the acquired target-related ecological data. The specific operation is to unify all ecological data into a universal transverse Mercator projection based on the ArcGIS platform, uniformly crop the ecological data according to the target lake area, and process the ecological data using reclassification, raster calculator, kriging interpolation, and buffer analysis tools.

[0010] Preferably, the water ecological data acquisition unit also includes an ecological resistance surface construction module and an ecological corridor extraction module. The ecological resistance surface construction module is electrically connected to the ecological data processing module. The ecological resistance surface construction module selects ecological resistance factors related to the target lake, including DEM, normalized vegetation index and distance from the road, and divides the resistance values ​​of DEM and normalized vegetation index by natural breakpoint method, divides the resistance value of distance from the road based on expert experience, and further draws the resistance surface of each ecological resistance factor in the target lake area on the ArcGIS platform based on the resistance value of each ecological resistance factor, determines the weight of each ecological resistance factor by hierarchical analysis method, and superimposes the resistance surface of each ecological resistance factor through the ArcGIS platform to obtain the ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake. The ecological corridor extraction module is electrically connected to the ecological resistance surface construction module. The ecological corridor extraction module constructs the ecological corridor of the target lake area based on the ecological comprehensive resistance surface data of the target lake through the Build Network and Map Linkages module in the Linkage Mapper tool, and takes the ecological corridor corresponding to the minimum cost path output by the Build Network and Map Linkages module as the ecological corridor of the target lake area.

[0011] Preferably, the ecological restoration area identification unit includes an ecological pattern pinch point identification module, which identifies the ecological pattern pinch points in the target lake area. The specific operation is to simulate the current density of the ecological corridor in the target lake area through the pinch point Mapper module of the Circuitscape software, and obtain the highest and lowest values ​​of the current density in the target lake area. Based on the highest and lowest values ​​of the current density, the current density is divided into five levels from one to five from high to low using the natural breakpoint method, and the areas with current density values ​​higher than the first level current density are taken as the ecological pattern pinch points of the target lake area.

[0012] Preferably, the ecological restoration area identification unit also includes an ecological pattern obstacle point identification module and an ecological area division module, the ecological pattern obstacle point identification module and the ecological pattern pinch point identification module are electrically connected, the ecological pattern obstacle point identification module identifies the ecological pattern obstacle points in the target lake area, and the specific operation is to use the Barrier Mapper module of the Circuitscape software to detect important obstacles on the ecological corridor of the target lake area, set the minimum search radius to 50m, the maximum search radius to 150m, and the radius step to 50m, and obtain the current value of each area of ​​the target lake, and use the natural breakpoint method based on the highest and lowest values ​​of the current value to divide the current value from one to five from high to low. Based on the ecological area division results, water samples are collected from the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area respectively, and these water samples are sent to a water quality testing agency with relevant qualifications for laboratory testing to obtain the chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, and nitrate in the water samples. Based on the data of chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, the water sample is divided into the same number of portions as the pre-selected aquatic plant species, and an aquatic plant is planted in each aliquot of water sample. The removal effect of various aquatic plants on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in water samples is determined by regularly testing the water quality of each aliquot of water sample. The top four aquatic plants in the removal effect of water samples in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area are selected as the corresponding aquatic plants to be planted in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area of ​​the target lake.

[0013] Preferably, the water ecological restoration unit includes an aquatic plant parameter optimization module, which is electrically connected to the aquatic plant screening module. The aquatic plant parameter optimization module optimizes the aquatic plant planting density parameters. The specific operation is to set five different planting density parameters for aquatic plants from small to large, collect twenty one cubic meter water samples in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area respectively, plant aquatic plants in the water samples with different planting densities, and determine the removal effects of aquatic plants with different planting density parameters on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples by regular water quality testing, so as to obtain the aquatic plant planting density parameters with the best removal effects of various aquatic plants in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the water ecological restoration unit also includes an aquatic plant planting module and a water body monitoring module. The aquatic plant planting module is electrically connected to the aquatic plant parameter optimization module. The aquatic plant planting module performs aquatic plant planting operations in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area based on the determined aquatic plants and the corresponding planting density parameters of the aquatic plants. When the number of aquatic plants is insufficient, the corresponding types of aquatic plants are planted preferentially in the ecological priority restoration area. The water body monitoring module is electrically connected to the aquatic plant planting module. After the aquatic plant planting is completed, the water body monitoring module regularly collects and tests water samples in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area to obtain data on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples, thereby verifying the removal effect of aquatic plants.

[0015] Preferably, the water quality safety assessment unit includes a water quality ecological assessment factor selection module, the water quality ecological assessment factor selection module is provided with water body ecological assessment factors, including total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, Shannon index of submerged plant leaf microorganisms and Simpaon index of submerged plant leaf microorganisms, the weights of various water body ecological assessment factors are determined by the Pearson index method, the water quality ecological health assessment module and the water quality ecological assessment factor selection module are electrically connected, the water quality ecological health assessment module collects corresponding data of water body ecological assessment factors in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, and multiplies the collected data with the weights of the corresponding water body ecological assessment factors, and accumulates the multiplication results to obtain the health assessment results of the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, respectively, and the smaller the accumulated result, the healthier the water quality, and by observing the changes in the health assessment results of the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, the water ecological restoration effect of aquatic plants in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area is further verified.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following: the present invention proposes an aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration, which acquires and processes relevant ecological data of a target lake through a water ecological data acquisition unit, selects relevant ecological resistance factors of the target lake to construct an ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake, and extracts the ecological corridor of the target lake, identifies ecological nodes that play an important role in the target lake area through an ecological restoration area identification unit, determines the ecological restoration area and ecological priority restoration area of ​​the target lake based on the identification results of the ecological nodes, screens aquatic plants to be planted through the water ecological restoration unit, and optimizes the planting density parameters of aquatic plants after the screening results are determined, so as to improve the restoration effect of aquatic plants on water ecology, and conducts regular health assessments on the ecological priority restoration area and ecological restoration area where aquatic plants are planted through a water quality safety assessment unit, so as to verify the water ecological restoration effect of aquatic plants on the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the water ecology data acquisition unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the ecological restoration area identification unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water ecological restoration unit process of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the water quality safety assessment unit process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 100, water ecological data acquisition unit; 101, ecological data collection module; 102, ecological data processing module; 103, ecological resistance surface construction module; 104, ecological corridor extraction module; 200, ecological restoration area identification unit; 201, ecological pattern pinch point identification module; 202, ecological pattern obstacle point identification module; 203, ecological area division module; 300, water ecological restoration unit; 301, aquatic plant screening module; 302, aquatic plant parameter optimization module; 303, aquatic plant planting module; 304, water body monitoring module; 400, water quality safety assessment unit; 401, water quality ecological assessment factor selection module; 402, water quality ecological health assessment module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a technical solution: an aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration, comprising a water ecological data acquisition unit 100, the water ecological data acquisition unit 100 acquires ecological data related to a target lake, processes the acquired target related ecological data, selects ecological resistance factors related to the target lake to construct an ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake, and further extracts ecological corridors based on the constructed ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake;

[0025] The ecological restoration area identification unit 200 identifies important ecological nodes in the target lake area, including ecological pattern pinch points and ecological pattern obstacle points, and performs ecological area division operation on the target lake based on the identification results of the ecological nodes;

[0026] The water ecological restoration unit 300 collects water samples and obtains water quality parameters from the lake area that needs ecological restoration based on the ecological area division result, and then screens the aquatic plants to be planted, and optimizes the aquatic plant planting density parameters to improve the effect of aquatic plants on water quality. After the aquatic plants are planted, the water body of the lake area that needs ecological restoration is regularly monitored;

[0027] The water quality safety assessment unit 400 is provided with water body ecological assessment factors. By collecting data corresponding to the water body ecological assessment factors in the lake area that needs ecological restoration, a health assessment of the lake area that needs ecological restoration is achieved, and the water ecological restoration effect of aquatic plants on the lake area is verified.

[0028] The water ecological data acquisition unit 100 includes an ecological data collection module 101 and an ecological data processing module 102. The ecological data collection module 101 acquires relevant ecological data of the target lake, including rainfall data, DEM data, normalized vegetation index data, soil data and potential evapotranspiration data, wherein the rainfall data and potential evapotranspiration data are both acquired through the scientific meteorological data center, wherein the DEM data is acquired through the geospatial data cloud platform, wherein the normalized vegetation index data is acquired through the maximum normalized vegetation index data set stored in the ecological science data center, wherein the soil data is acquired through the soil database, and the ecological data processing module 102 is electrically connected to the ecological data collection module 101, and the ecological data processing module 102 processes the acquired target-related ecological data, and the specific operation is to unify all ecological data into a universal transverse Mercator projection based on the ArcGIS platform, and to uniformly clip the ecological data according to the target lake area, and to process the ecological data using reclassification, raster calculator, Kriging interpolation, and buffer analysis tools;

[0029] The water ecological data acquisition unit 100 also includes an ecological resistance surface construction module 103 and an ecological corridor extraction module 104. The ecological resistance surface construction module 103 is electrically connected to the ecological data processing module 102. The ecological resistance surface construction module 103 selects ecological resistance factors related to the target lake, including DEM, normalized vegetation index and distance from the road, and divides the resistance values ​​of DEM and normalized vegetation index by natural breakpoint method, divides the resistance value of distance from the road based on expert experience, and further draws the resistance surface of each ecological resistance factor in the target lake area in the ArcGIS platform based on the resistance value of each ecological resistance factor, determines the weight of each ecological resistance factor by hierarchical analysis method, and superimposes the resistance surface of each ecological resistance factor through the ArcGIS platform to obtain the ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake. The ecological corridor extraction module 104 is electrically connected to the ecological resistance surface construction module 103. The ecological corridor extraction module 104 constructs the ecological corridor of the target lake area based on the ecological comprehensive resistance surface data of the target lake through the Build Network and Map Linkages module in the Linkage Mapper tool to Build Network and Map The ecological corridor corresponding to the minimum cost path output by the Linkages module is used as the ecological corridor of the target lake area;

[0030] The ecological restoration area identification unit 200 includes an ecological pattern pinch point identification module 201, which identifies the ecological pattern pinch points in the target lake area. The specific operation is to simulate the current density of the ecological corridor in the target lake area through the pinch point Mapper module of the Circuitscape software, obtain the highest and lowest values ​​of the current density in the target lake area, and divide the current density into five levels from one to five from high to low using the natural breakpoint method based on the highest and lowest values ​​of the current density, and take the area with a current density value higher than the first level current density as the ecological pattern pinch point of the target lake area;

[0031] The ecological restoration area identification unit 200 also includes an ecological pattern barrier point identification module 202 and an ecological area division module 203. The ecological pattern barrier point identification module 202 and the ecological pattern pinch point identification module 201 are electrically connected. The ecological pattern barrier point identification module 202 identifies the ecological pattern barrier points in the target lake area. The specific operation is to use the Barrier The mapper module detects important obstacles on the ecological corridor of the target lake area, sets the minimum search radius to 50m, the maximum search radius to 150m, and the radius step to 50m, obtains the current value of each area of ​​the target lake, and divides the current value into five levels from one to five from high to low using the natural breakpoint method based on the highest and lowest values ​​of the current value, and regards the area with a current value higher than the first-level current value as the ecological pattern obstacle point of the target lake area. The ecological area division module 203 and the ecological pattern obstacle point identification module 202 are electrically connected, and the ecological area division module 203 regards the area corresponding to the ecological pattern pinch point of the target lake area as the ecological protection area, and regards the overlapping area of ​​the ecological corridor of the target lake area and the ecological pattern pinch point of the target lake area as the ecological priority protection area, and regards the area corresponding to the ecological pattern obstacle point of the target lake area as the ecological restoration area, and regards the overlapping area of ​​the ecological corridor of the target lake area and the ecological pattern obstacle point of the target lake area as the ecological priority restoration area;

[0032] The water ecological restoration unit 300 includes an aquatic plant screening module 301. The aquatic plant screening module 301 collects water samples from the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area based on the ecological area division results, and sends these water samples to a water quality testing agency with relevant qualifications for laboratory testing to obtain data on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples. Based on the pre-selected aquatic plants, the water samples are divided into the same number of portions as the number of pre-selected aquatic plant species, and one aquatic plant is planted in each of the aliquoted water samples. The removal effects of various aquatic plants on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples are determined by regularly conducting water quality tests on each aliquoted water sample, and the top four aquatic plants in the removal effects of water samples in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area are selected as the aquatic plants to be subsequently planted in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area of ​​the target lake;

[0033] The water ecological restoration unit 300 includes an aquatic plant parameter optimization module 302, which is electrically connected to the aquatic plant screening module 301. The aquatic plant parameter optimization module 302 optimizes the aquatic plant planting density parameters. The specific operation is to set five different planting density parameters for aquatic plants from small to large, collect twenty one-cubic-meter water samples in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, plant aquatic plants in the water samples with different planting densities, and determine the removal effects of aquatic plants with different planting density parameters on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples by regularly conducting water quality tests, and obtain the aquatic plant planting density parameters with the best removal effects of various aquatic plants in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area;

[0034] The water ecological restoration unit 300 also includes an aquatic plant planting module 303 and a water body monitoring module 304. The aquatic plant planting module 303 is electrically connected to the aquatic plant parameter optimization module 302. The aquatic plant planting module 303 performs aquatic plant planting operations in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area based on the determined aquatic plants and the corresponding aquatic plant planting density parameters. When the number of aquatic plants is insufficient, the corresponding types of aquatic plants are planted preferentially in the ecological priority restoration area. The water body monitoring module 304 is electrically connected to the aquatic plant planting module 303. After the aquatic plant planting is completed, the water body monitoring module 304 regularly collects and tests water samples from the water bodies in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area to obtain data on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples, thereby verifying the removal effect of aquatic plants;

[0035] The water quality safety assessment unit 400 includes a water quality ecological assessment factor selection module 401. The water quality ecological assessment factor selection module 401 is provided with water body ecological assessment factors, including total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, Shannon index of submerged plant leaf microorganisms and Simpaon index of submerged plant leaf microorganisms. The weights of various water body ecological assessment factors are determined by the Pearson index method. The water quality ecological health assessment module 402 is electrically connected to the water quality ecological assessment factor selection module 401. The water quality ecological health assessment module 402 collects corresponding data of water body ecological assessment factors in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, and multiplies the collected data with the weights of the corresponding water body ecological assessment factors, and accumulates the multiplication results to obtain the health assessment results of the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area respectively. The smaller the accumulated result, the healthier the water quality. By observing the changes in the health assessment results of the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, the water ecological restoration effect of aquatic plants on the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area is further verified.

[0036] Working principle: The relevant ecological data of the target lake is acquired through the ecological data collection module 101, the acquired target-related ecological data is processed through the ecological data processing module 102, the relevant ecological resistance factors of the target lake are selected through the ecological resistance surface construction module 103, and the ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake is constructed, the ecological corridor of the target lake area is extracted through the ecological corridor extraction module 104, the ecological pattern pinch points in the target lake area are identified through the ecological pattern pinch point identification module 201, the ecological pattern obstacle points in the target lake area are identified through the ecological pattern obstacle point identification module 202, and the area corresponding to the ecological pattern pinch points in the target lake area is used as an ecological protection area through the ecological area division module 203, and the area corresponding to the ecological pattern obstacle points in the target lake area is used as an ecological restoration area. Based on the ecological area division results, the aquatic plant screening module 301 collects water samples and obtains water quality parameters from the lake area that needs ecological restoration, and then screens the aquatic plants to be planted. The aquatic plant parameter optimization module 302 optimizes the aquatic plant planting density parameters. The aquatic plant planting module 303 performs aquatic plant planting operations. After the aquatic plant planting is completed, the water body monitoring module 304 regularly monitors the water body in the lake area that needs ecological restoration, so as to verify the removal effect of the aquatic plants. The water quality ecological assessment factor selection module 401 is provided with water body ecological assessment factors, and the weights of various water body ecological assessment factors are determined. The water quality ecological health assessment module 402 collects statistics on the health assessment results of the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area.

[0037] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0038] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration, characterized by: It comprises a water ecological data acquisition unit (100), wherein the water ecological data acquisition unit (100) acquires ecological data related to a target lake, processes the acquired target related ecological data, selects ecological resistance factors related to the target lake for constructing an ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake, and further extracts ecological corridors based on the constructed ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake; An ecological restoration area identification unit (200), wherein the ecological restoration area identification unit (200) identifies ecological nodes having important functions in the target lake area, including ecological pattern pinch points and ecological pattern obstacle points, and performs an ecological area division operation on the target lake based on the identification results of the ecological nodes; A water ecological restoration unit (300), wherein the water ecological restoration unit (300) collects water samples and obtains water quality parameters from a lake area that needs ecological restoration based on the ecological area division result, and then screens aquatic plants to be planted, and optimizes aquatic plant planting density parameters to improve the effect of aquatic plants on water quality, and after the aquatic plants are planted, regularly monitors the water body in the lake area that needs ecological restoration; A water quality safety assessment unit (400), wherein the water quality safety assessment unit (400) is provided with water body ecological assessment factors, and by collecting data corresponding to the water body ecological assessment factors in the lake area that needs ecological restoration, a health assessment of the lake area that needs ecological restoration is achieved, and the water ecological restoration effect of aquatic plants on the lake area is verified; The ecological restoration area identification unit (200) comprises an ecological pattern pinch point identification module (201), wherein the ecological pattern pinch point identification module (201) identifies the ecological pattern pinch points in the target lake area, specifically by simulating the current density of the ecological corridor in the target lake area through the pinch point Mapper module of the Circuitscape software, obtaining the highest and lowest values ​​of the current density in the target lake area, and dividing the current density into five levels from one to five from high to low using the natural breakpoint method based on the highest and lowest values ​​of the current density, and taking the area with a current density value higher than the first level current density as the ecological pattern pinch point of the target lake area; The ecological restoration area identification unit (200) further comprises an ecological pattern barrier point identification module (202) and an ecological area division module (203). The ecological pattern barrier point identification module (202) and the ecological pattern pinch point identification module (201) are electrically connected. The ecological pattern barrier point identification module (202) identifies the ecological pattern barrier points in the target lake area. The specific operation is to use the Barrier The mapper module detects important obstacles on the ecological corridor of the target lake area, sets the minimum search radius to 50m, the maximum search radius to 150m, and the radius step to 50m, obtains the current value of each area of ​​the target lake, and divides the current value into five levels from one to five based on the highest and lowest values ​​of the current value using the natural breakpoint method, and regards the area with a current value higher than the first level current value as the ecological pattern obstacle point of the target lake area. The ecological area division module (203) and the ecological pattern obstacle point identification module (202) are electrically connected, and the ecological area division module (203) regards the area corresponding to the ecological pattern pinch point of the target lake area as the ecological protection area, and regards the area corresponding to the ecological pattern obstacle point of the target lake area as the ecological restoration area.

2. The aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water ecological data acquisition unit (100) comprises an ecological data collection module (101) and an ecological data processing module (102); the ecological data collection module (101) acquires relevant ecological data of a target lake, including rainfall data, DEM data, normalized vegetation index data, soil data and potential evapotranspiration data, wherein the rainfall data and potential evapotranspiration data are both acquired through a scientific meteorological data center, wherein the DEM data is acquired through a geographic spatial data cloud platform, wherein the normalized vegetation index data is acquired through a maximum normalized vegetation index data set stored in an ecological science data center, and wherein the soil data is acquired through a soil database; the ecological data processing module (102) is electrically connected to the ecological data collection module (101), and the ecological data processing module (102) processes the acquired target-related ecological data.

3. The aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration according to claim 2 is characterized by: The water ecological data acquisition unit (100) further comprises an ecological resistance surface construction module (103) and an ecological corridor extraction module (104). The ecological resistance surface construction module (103) is electrically connected to the ecological data processing module (102). The ecological resistance surface construction module (103) selects ecological resistance factors related to the target lake, including DEM, normalized vegetation index and distance from the road, and divides the resistance values ​​of DEM and normalized vegetation index by natural breakpoint method, divides the resistance value of distance from the road based on expert experience, and further draws the resistance surface of each ecological resistance factor in the target lake area in the ArcGIS platform based on the resistance value of each ecological resistance factor, determines the weight of each ecological resistance factor by means of hierarchical analysis method, and superimposes the resistance surfaces of each ecological resistance factor by means of ArcGIS platform to obtain the ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake. The ecological corridor extraction module (104) is electrically connected to the ecological resistance surface construction module (103). The ecological corridor extraction module (104) extracts the ecological comprehensive resistance surface of the target lake based on the ecological comprehensive resistance surface data of the target lake through the Build Network and The MapLinkages module constructs the ecological corridor of the target lake area, and the ecological corridor corresponding to the minimum cost path output by the Build Network and Map Linkages module is used as the ecological corridor of the target lake area.

4. The aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water ecological restoration unit (300) comprises an aquatic plant screening module (301). The aquatic plant screening module (301) collects water samples from the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area based on the ecological area division result, and sends the water samples to a water quality testing agency with relevant qualifications for laboratory testing to obtain data on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples. Based on the pre-selected aquatic plants, the water samples are divided into the same number of portions as the number of pre-selected aquatic plant species, and an aquatic plant is planted in each of the aliquoted water samples. The removal effect of various aquatic plants on the chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples is determined by regularly performing water quality testing on each aliquoted water sample, and the top four aquatic plants in the removal effect of the water samples in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area are selected as the aquatic plants to be subsequently planted in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area of ​​the target lake.

5. The aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration according to claim 4 is characterized by: The water ecological restoration unit (300) comprises an aquatic plant parameter optimization module (302), the aquatic plant parameter optimization module (302) being electrically connected to the aquatic plant screening module (301), the aquatic plant parameter optimization module (302) optimizing the aquatic plant planting density parameters, and specifically setting five different planting density parameters for aquatic plants from small to large, collecting twenty one-cubic-meter water samples in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, respectively, planting aquatic plants in the water samples at different planting densities, and determining the removal effects of aquatic plants with different planting density parameters on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples by regularly conducting water quality tests, and obtaining the aquatic plant planting density parameters with the best removal effects of various aquatic plants in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area.

6. The aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration according to claim 5 is characterized by: The water ecological restoration unit (300) further comprises an aquatic plant planting module (303) and a water body monitoring module (304). The aquatic plant planting module (303) is electrically connected to the aquatic plant parameter optimization module (302). The aquatic plant planting module (303) performs aquatic plant planting operations in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area based on the determined aquatic plants and the corresponding aquatic plant planting density parameters. When the number of aquatic plants is insufficient, the corresponding type of aquatic plant planting operations are preferentially performed in the ecological priority restoration area. The water body monitoring module (304) is electrically connected to the aquatic plant planting module (303). After the aquatic plant planting is completed, the water body monitoring module (304) regularly collects and tests water samples from the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area to obtain data on chemical oxygen demand, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the water samples, thereby verifying the removal effect of the aquatic plants.

7. The aquatic plant planting system for water ecological restoration according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water quality safety assessment unit (400) comprises a water quality ecological assessment factor selection module (401) and a water quality ecological health assessment module (402). The water quality ecological assessment factor selection module (401) is provided with water body ecological assessment factors, and the weights of various water body ecological assessment factors are determined by the Pearson index method. The water quality ecological health assessment module (402) and the water quality ecological assessment factor selection module (401) are electrically connected. The water quality ecological health assessment module (402) collects data corresponding to water body ecological assessment factors in the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, and multiplies the collected data with the weights of the corresponding water body ecological assessment factors, and accumulates the multiplication results to obtain health assessment results of the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area, respectively. The smaller the accumulated result, the healthier the water quality. By observing the changes in the health assessment results of the ecological priority restoration area and the ecological restoration area.

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