Construction method and monitoring system and method for adjustable slope-shaped support of high-pier long-longitudinal-slope bridge

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge supports, and discloses a construction method, a monitoring system and a monitoring method for an adjustable slope-shaped support of a high-pier long-longitudinal-slope bridge. A construction method of an adjustable slope-shaped support for a high-pier long-longitudinal-slope bridge comprises the following steps that the adjustable slope-shaped support is produced and machined in a customized mode, the height difference value of the four corners of the adjustable slope-shaped support is designed according to the gradient parameter of each pier number, the longitudinal slope and the cross slope of an upper plate of the support are made to conform to the longitudinal slope and the cross slope of the bridge respectively, and the adjustable slope-shaped support is constructed; horizontal stress and displacement of the support are ensured; construction preparation is conducted before the adjustable slope type support is installed; the adjustable slope type support is installed; and mounting the T beam. The matching property of the support and the gradient of a bridge is ensured, the durability and the adaptability are improved, and the accuracy and the stability of support installation are ensured; the technical problems existing in a high-pier long-longitudinal-slope bridge can be effectively solved, and operation safety and structural stability of the bridge are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bridge bearings, and in particular, to a construction method for an adjustable slope-shaped bearing for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge. In addition, the present invention also relates to a monitoring system for an adjustable slope-shaped bearing for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge, including the construction method for the adjustable slope-shaped bearing for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge. In addition, the present invention also relates to a detection method for a monitoring system for an adjustable slope-shaped bearing for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge, including the construction method for the adjustable slope-shaped bearing for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of engineering construction capacity and economic strength, the mileage of highways in operation has increased year by year. Through the summary of highway operation experience in many regions over the years, a number of continuous beam bridges with high piers and long longitudinal slopes located in mountainous and hilly areas have multiple, common and systematic defects such as pier column displacement and excessive longitudinal sliding of bearings, which seriously endanger the operational safety of bridge projects. Among them, the traditional pot-type bearings commonly used in existing high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge projects are extremely easy to be damaged due to complex forces, which can easily cause sudden and major catastrophic safety accidents and need to be paid great attention.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a type of bearing that is more suitable for high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges that is more fit to the bottom of the beam and has better durability, so as to ensure the operational safety of long longitudinal slope bridges in my country's mountainous and hilly areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a construction method, monitoring system and method for an adjustable slope-shaped support for a high-pier and long-slope bridge, which ensures the matching of the support and the slope of the bridge, improves durability and adaptability, ensures the accuracy and stability of the support installation, and guarantees the operational safety and structural stability of the bridge. This solves the technical problem that the traditional pot-type support commonly used in existing high-pier and long-slope bridge projects is easily damaged due to complex forces, and is prone to causing sudden and major catastrophic safety accidents.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a construction method for an adjustable slope bearing for a bridge with a high pier and a long longitudinal slope, comprising the following steps: S100, customized production and processing of the adjustable slope bearing, designing the height difference of the four corners of the adjustable slope bearing according to the slope parameters of each pier number, so that the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the upper plate of the bearing are respectively consistent with the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the bridge, ensuring horizontal force and displacement of the bearing; S200, construction preparation before installation of the adjustable slope bearing; S300, installation of the adjustable slope bearing; S400, installation of the T-beam.

[0006] Further, step S100 includes: S101, a design method for an adjustable slope-type support, the slope along the bridge is i1%, the slope across the bridge is i2%, the length along the bridge is A, the width across the bridge is B, and the heights of the four corners are calculated, h1=h2-A×i1%, h3=h2-B×i2%, h4=h3-A×i1%=h1-B×i2%. If there is no transverse slope, i2=0.

[0007] Furthermore, the manufacturing step S102 of the adjustable sloped support in step S100 specifically includes: S1021, manufacturing a modified polytetrafluoroacetic acid skateboard, selecting a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material with good wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and self-lubricating properties, and forming the modified polytetrafluoroethylene material into a desired skateboard shape by pressing or sintering, and performing quality inspection on the processed skateboard, including dimensional accuracy and material properties, to ensure that the skateboard meets the design and use requirements, and further processing, coating and polishing the skateboard surface as needed to improve the surface properties; S1022, manufacturing a modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene skateboard, selecting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as the base material, and in order to improve the compatibility between ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and other resins and increase the surface bonding performance, by The surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder is modified by the interfacial polycondensation modification method, and a layer of polyurea and / or polyurethane and / or polyamide film is formed on the surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder. The modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder is pressed and sintered into the desired skateboard shape, and the necessary physical property tests are performed on the formed skateboard, including tensile strength, tensile strain at break, ball indentation hardness, and tensile elastic modulus; S1023, manufacturing chloroprene rubber sheets or natural rubber sheets or EPDM rubber sheets, vulcanization, and testing; S1024, manufacturing stainless steel sheets, cutting in the punching and shearing workshop, and inspection; S1025, manufacturing steel casting blanks and steel plates, cutting processing, semi-finished product inspection, ultrasonic flaw detection, shot blasting, argon arc welding with the stainless steel sheets manufactured in step S1024, and spray painting and sealing.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S100, the adjustable sloped bearing is assembled by assembling a modified polytetrafluoroacetic acid slide plate, a modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene slide plate, a chloroprene rubber plate or a natural rubber plate or an EPDM rubber plate, and a steel plate to obtain an adjustable sloped bearing, and then inspecting the assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, step S100 also includes: S103, printing the bridge direction mark, slope, pier number, left and right width information on the surface of the adjustable slope-type bearing according to the use position to ensure that the bearing slope is accurately matched with the beam slope.

[0010] Furthermore, step S200 specifically includes: S201, technical preparation, checking whether the appearance of the adjustable sloped bearing is damaged, and comparing and confirming it with the design model, calculating the pre-bias value of the support center according to temperature, prestress, and concrete shrinkage factors to prevent the bearing from being biased or falling off; S202, equipment preparation, including preparing to install transportation equipment, measuring equipment, grouting equipment and construction personnel work platform.

[0011] Furthermore, step S300 specifically includes: S301, re-measure the bridge piers, re-measure the center distance of the bridge piers and the elevation of the cushion stone before installing the adjustable slope bearing to ensure the accuracy of the cushion stone, and check whether the position and depth of the anchor holes of the slope bearing meet the requirements of the design specifications; S302, support installation, keep the beam vertical, ensure that the lower plate of the support and the cushion stone are level, and use the support epoxy mortar to grout the bolt holes to avoid deviation. The adjustable slope bearing and the cushion stone as well as the adjustable slope bearing and the bottom of the beam must be tightly fitted without any gaps. The height difference of the four corners of the support shall not be greater than 2mm, and the horizontal deviation shall not be greater than 2mm.

[0012] Furthermore, step S400 specifically includes: checking in detail the layout position of the adjustable sloped bearing, including the longitudinal and transverse position, flatness, and the height difference of the four corners of the same bearing plate and the relative height difference between the bearing plates, to ensure that the adjustable sloped bearing is tightly fitted with the bottom of the beam without any gap; if compression or voiding occurs, it is necessary to check again the horizontality of the bearing pad stone surface and the degree of parallelism between the bottom surface of the beam and the pad stone, use a jack to lift the beam end, and / or add steel plates to the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing or apply non-shrinkage mortar or epoxy resin mortar, and then drop the beam again to ensure that the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing are parallel to each other and tightly fitted with the bottom of the beam and the top surface of the pier.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridge is provided, and the high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridge is obtained by adopting the construction method of the adjustable slope support of the high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridge.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a monitoring system for an adjustable sloped bearing of a bridge with high piers and long longitudinal slope is provided. The system is deployed during the construction process of the above-mentioned construction method of the adjustable sloped bearing of a bridge with high piers and long longitudinal slope, and includes bearing measuring points, monitoring stations, data acquisition modules, a cloud server and a monitoring platform; the bearing measuring points are installed around the upper surface and the lower surface of the adjustable sloped bearing, the detection part of the data acquisition module is installed at the bearing measuring points, the monitoring stations are arranged outside the bridge, the data acquisition module is connected to the cloud server, the cloud data is viewed in real time through the monitoring platform, and early warnings are issued based on the data.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a monitoring method for adjustable sloped bearings of high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges is provided. The monitoring system of the above-mentioned adjustable sloped bearings of high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges includes the following steps: S500. During the construction of the bridge, after the bearings are installed on the bridge piers, various measuring points are installed on the upper, lower, left and right parts of the sloped bearings, and measuring stations are arranged in the open space outside the cross bridge of the bridge; S600. During the normal operation of the bridge, the measuring stations collect data and save them to the data acquisition module, and the data acquisition module uploads the data to the cloud server; S700. The data of the cloud server can be viewed on the monitoring platform, and a warning value can be set. When the bearing displacement value is higher than the warning value, a warning is issued to the monitoring platform; S800. The monitoring platform can monitor the data at any time, and when the data warning is issued, a report is issued to the operation and maintenance department to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to conduct inspection and maintenance.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The construction method of the adjustable sloped bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of the present invention is to customize the production and processing of the adjustable sloped bearing, design the height difference of the four corners of the bearing according to the slope parameter of each pier number, ensure that the longitudinal slope and transverse slope of the upper plate of the bearing are consistent with the longitudinal slope and transverse slope of the bridge, so as to adapt to the slope change of the bridge; by ensuring the horizontal force and displacement of the bearing, the structural damage caused by uneven force is avoided, and the problems of pier column deviation and excessive longitudinal slip of the bearing are reduced; the design of the adjustable sloped bearing takes durability into consideration, and by adapting to the slope of the bridge and stress characteristics, thereby improving the service life and reliability of the bearings; by adopting a bearing type that better fits the bottom of the beam and has better durability, it effectively prevents sudden and major catastrophic safety accidents caused by bearing damage, solves the problem that traditional pot-type bearings are easily damaged in high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges, reduces the occurrence of multiple, common and systematic diseases, and improves the operational safety of bridges; ensures construction quality and efficiency through pre-construction preparation and bearing installation; enhances the stability of the overall bridge structure by installing T-beams in conjunction with adjustable slope bearings.

[0018] The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for a high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of the present invention is customized according to the longitudinal slope and transverse slope parameters of the specific bridge to ensure the matching of the bearing and the slope of the bridge; high-performance materials are selected and the bearing structure design is optimized to improve its durability and adaptability; quality is strictly controlled during the construction process to ensure the accuracy and stability of the bearing installation; after the installation is completed, regular monitoring and maintenance are carried out to promptly discover and solve possible problems; the technical problems existing in high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges can be effectively solved to ensure the operational safety and structural stability of the bridge.

[0019] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the steps of the construction method of the adjustable slope bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustable sloped support according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a processing flow chart of the adjustable sloped support of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system for an adjustable sloped support of a high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridge in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the steps of the construction method of the adjustable slope bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustable sloped support according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a processing flow chart of the adjustable sloped support of the preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system for an adjustable sloped support of a high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridge in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, the construction method of the adjustable slope bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of this embodiment includes the following steps: S100, customized production and processing of the adjustable slope bearing, designing the height difference of the four corners of the adjustable slope bearing according to the slope parameters of each pier number, so that the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the upper plate of the bearing are respectively consistent with the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the bridge, ensuring the horizontal force and displacement of the bearing; S200, construction preparation before installation of the adjustable slope bearing; S300, installation of the adjustable slope bearing; S400, installation of the T-beam. The construction method of the adjustable sloped bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of the present invention is to customize the production and processing of the adjustable sloped bearing, design the height difference of the four corners of the bearing according to the slope parameter of each pier number, ensure that the longitudinal slope and transverse slope of the upper plate of the bearing are consistent with the longitudinal slope and transverse slope of the bridge, so as to adapt to the slope change of the bridge; by ensuring the horizontal force and displacement of the bearing, the structural damage caused by uneven force is avoided, and the problems of pier column deviation and excessive longitudinal slip of the bearing are reduced; the design of the adjustable sloped bearing takes durability into consideration, and by adapting to the slope of the bridge and stress characteristics, thereby improving the service life and reliability of the bearings; by adopting a bearing type that better fits the bottom of the beam and has better durability, it effectively prevents sudden and major catastrophic safety accidents caused by bearing damage, solves the problem that traditional pot-type bearings are easily damaged in high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges, reduces the occurrence of multiple, common and systematic diseases, and improves the operational safety of bridges; ensures construction quality and efficiency through pre-construction preparation and bearing installation; enhances the stability of the overall bridge structure by installing T-beams in conjunction with adjustable slope bearings. The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for a high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of the present invention is customized according to the longitudinal slope and transverse slope parameters of the specific bridge to ensure the matching of the bearing and the slope of the bridge; high-performance materials are selected and the bearing structure design is optimized to improve its durability and adaptability; quality is strictly controlled during the construction process to ensure the accuracy and stability of the bearing installation; after the installation is completed, regular monitoring and maintenance are carried out to promptly discover and solve possible problems; the technical problems existing in high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges can be effectively solved to ensure the operational safety and structural stability of the bridge.

[0028] High-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges usually refer to bridge structures with high piers and large longitudinal slopes. Specifically, the pier height of such bridges usually exceeds a certain standard. For example, according to JTG / T F50-2020 Technical Specifications for Highway Bridge and Culvert Construction, piers with a height greater than or equal to 40 meters can be called high piers; and long longitudinal slopes refer to bridges with large slope changes in the longitudinal direction. Such bridges are commonly found in areas with complex terrain such as deep valleys and rivers, and require special design and construction techniques to ensure the stability and safety of the structure. Affected by factors such as temperature, vehicle load, construction and design, the piers of high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges may cumulatively deviate in the direction of the slope, resulting in the appearance of transverse cracks, affecting the bearing capacity and driving safety. Therefore, special attention should be paid to deviation correction and detection during the construction and maintenance of such bridges.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, step S100 includes: S101, a design method for an adjustable slope-type support, the slope along the bridge is i1%, the slope across the bridge is i2%, the length along the bridge is A, the width across the bridge is B, and the heights of the four corners are calculated, h1=h2-A×i1%, h3=h2-B×i2%, h4=h3-A×i1%=h1-B×i2%, if there is no cross slope, i2=0. By calculating the height difference, the bearing can adapt to the slope in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the bridge, ensuring the consistency of the bearing with the bridge slope; by adjusting the height of the four corners of the bearing, it is ensured that the bearing can bear force horizontally under the slope condition to avoid uneven force caused by the slope; under the slope in the longitudinal direction of the bridge, by calculating the height difference, the longitudinal slip of the bearing and the beam can be prevented, and the wear and damage of the bearing can be reduced; by adapting to the slope in the transverse direction of the bridge, the horizontal thrust of the bearing on the pier can be reduced, and the risk of pier column displacement can be reduced; by accurately calculating and adjusting the height difference of the bearing, the stability and safety of the entire bridge structure can be improved; when there is a transverse slope in the bridge direction, the height difference calculated can be directly applied to the installation of the bearing, simplifying the installation process; when there is no transverse slope in the bridge direction (i.e., i2=0), the design method is still applicable, maintaining the flexibility and adaptability of the design; this design method allows engineers to optimize the design of the bearing according to the specific bridge slope parameters to meet different engineering needs; by adapting to the slope of the bridge and ensuring uniform force, the service life of the bridge can be extended and the need for replacement or reconstruction due to structural problems can be reduced.

[0030] Optionally, the design method of the adjustable slope bearing in step S101 has adaptability under different climatic conditions mainly reflected in its adjustability, and can be customized according to the climatic conditions of the location of the bridge to adapt to different climatic challenges. Specifically: In areas with extreme temperatures, such as extremely cold or hot climates, the bearing material needs to have good temperature resistance to prevent degradation or deformation of material properties caused by temperature changes; in humid and rainy areas, the bearing needs to have good waterproof and moisture-proof properties to prevent corrosion or material degradation caused by moisture; for areas frequently hit by strong winds, the bearing design should consider the dynamic effects caused by wind to ensure that the bearing has sufficient stability and strength; in earthquake-prone areas, the bearing needs to have certain seismic resistance and be able to withstand the effects of seismic forces without damage or failure; depending on climatic conditions, it may be necessary to select modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or other polymer materials that are more suitable for the local climate to ensure the durability and reliability of the bearing; under severe climatic conditions, the maintenance and inspection frequency of the bearing may need to be increased to ensure that it is always in good working condition; considering the potential impact of extreme climate events, the bearing design may need to increase a certain safety factor or redundancy to improve its adaptability and safety under extreme conditions. Through these adjustments, the design method of the adjustable slope bearing in step S101 can better adapt to engineering needs under different climatic conditions and ensure the long-term stability and safety of the bridge structure.

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the manufacturing step S102 of the adjustable slope support in step S100 specifically includes: S1021, manufacturing a modified polytetrafluoroacetic acid skateboard, selecting a modified polytetrafluoroethylene material with good wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and self-lubricating properties, and pressing or sintering the modified polytetrafluoroethylene material into a desired skateboard shape, and performing quality inspection on the processed skateboard, including dimensional accuracy and material properties, to ensure that the skateboard meets the design and use requirements. As needed, the skateboard surface is further processed, coated and polished to improve the surface performance; S1022, manufacturing a modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene skateboard, selecting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as the base material, in order to improve the compatibility between ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and other resins and increase the surface bonding performance, The surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder is modified by an interfacial polycondensation modification method to form a layer of polyurea and / or polyurethane and / or polyamide film on the surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, and the modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder is pressed and sintered to form the desired skateboard shape, and the necessary physical property tests are carried out on the formed skateboard, including tensile strength, tensile strain at break, ball indentation hardness, and tensile elastic modulus; S1023, manufacturing chloroprene rubber plates or natural rubber plates or EPDM rubber plates, vulcanization, and testing; S1024, manufacturing stainless steel plates, cutting in the punching and shearing workshop, and inspection; S1025, manufacturing steel casting blanks and steel plates, cutting processing, semi-finished product inspection, ultrasonic flaw detection, shot blasting, argon arc welding with the stainless steel plates manufactured in step S1024, and spray painting and sealing. S1021. Manufacture of modified polytetrafluoroethylene skateboards. By selecting modified polytetrafluoroethylene materials with good wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and self-lubrication, it is ensured that the skateboards can maintain excellent performance under various environmental conditions; the shape of the skateboards made by pressing or sintering ensures the stability and reliability of its structure; quality inspection ensures that the skateboards meet the design and use requirements, and surface coating and polishing further improve the surface performance of the skateboards and extend their service life. S1022. Manufacture of modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene skateboards. The surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder is modified by the interfacial polycondensation modification method. The generated polyurea and / or polyurethane and / or polyamide film improves the compatibility and surface bonding properties of the materials; the shape of the skateboards made by pressing and sintering ensures the stability of its structure; physical property tests ensure that the skateboards have sufficient strength and elasticity in actual applications to meet the use requirements of bridge bearings. S1023. Manufacture chloroprene rubber sheets or natural rubber sheets or EPDM rubber sheets. The vulcanization process ensures that the rubber sheets have good elasticity and sealing properties, and are suitable as part of the bearing to absorb vibration and impact of the bridge. The testing process ensures that the quality and performance of the rubber sheets meet the design requirements, ensuring their reliability in the bridge bearings.S1024, stainless steel plate manufacturing, cutting and inspection in the punching and shearing workshop ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the stainless steel plate to meet the structural requirements of the support; stainless steel materials have good corrosion resistance and strength, suitable for use in harsh environments. S1025, manufacturing steel casting blanks and steel plates, cutting processing and semi-finished product inspection ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of steel castings and steel plates; ultrasonic flaw detection and shot blasting further improve the internal quality and surface finish of steel castings; argon arc welding with stainless steel plates manufactured in step S1024 to ensure the quality and strength of welding; spray painting and sealing holes provide additional anti-corrosion protection and extend the service life of the support. By manufacturing slides and components of different materials, it is ensured that the bearings can adapt to different climate and environmental conditions; through strict quality inspection and surface treatment, the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life of the bearings are improved; through physical property testing and welding process, the stability and reliability of the bearings in practical applications are ensured; the combination of different materials and components provides good elasticity, sealing and impact resistance, meeting the multi-functional needs of bridge bearings; through the joint action of various steps, the application effect of adjustable slope bearings in high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges is ensured, thereby improving the operational safety and structural stability of the bridges.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the assembly of the adjustable sloped bearing in step S100 is to assemble the modified polytetrafluoroacetic acid slide plate, the modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene slide plate, the chloroprene rubber plate or the natural rubber plate or the EPDM rubber plate, and the steel plate to obtain the adjustable sloped bearing, and then inspect it. Through assembly, the properties and advantages of different materials are combined to form a structurally stable and reliable bearing system; the combination of different materials provides multiple functions, such as wear resistance, elasticity, corrosion resistance and self-lubrication, so that the bearing can adapt to different working conditions and environments; the combination of modified polytetrafluoroethylene slide plates and modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene slide plates improves the adaptability of the bearing under different slopes and pressures; the addition of neoprene sheets, natural rubber sheets or EPDM rubber sheets provides good elasticity and resistance to compression deformation, extending the service life of the bearing; the use of steel plates enhances the bearing capacity and stiffness, ensuring stability under high loads; reasonable assembly design makes the maintenance and replacement of the bearing easier and reduces maintenance costs; the quality and performance of each component are ensured through inspection, reducing safety risks caused by bearing failures; the assembled bearings can be adjusted according to the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the bridge to meet the design requirements of different bridges; the advantages of each material are combined to optimize the overall performance of the bearing, including anti-aging, anti-chemical corrosion and other properties. Through assembly, the adjustable slope bearing can better meet the needs of high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges, provide stable and reliable support, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the bridge structure.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, step S100 also includes: S103, printing the bridge direction mark, slope, pier number, left and right width information on the surface of the adjustable slope-type bearing according to the use position to ensure that the slope of the bearing is accurately matched with the slope of the beam body. Through clear identification, construction personnel can quickly identify the exact position of each bearing and the required slope adjustment to ensure the accurate match between the bearing and the slope of the beam body; clear identification helps construction management and supervision, making inspection, supervision and quality control during the construction process more efficient; avoiding installation errors caused by confusion about the position or direction of the bearing, reducing possible structural safety risks and subsequent maintenance costs; during bridge maintenance and inspection, the identification information helps to quickly locate and identify the bearing, facilitating regular inspection and maintenance work; the printed identification information provides traceability for the bearing, helping to track the quality, source and usage history of the product; standardized identification helps to promote standardization. Standardize the construction process to improve construction efficiency and project quality; ensure that the bearings are installed correctly to reduce structural problems caused by improper installation, thereby improving the safety of the entire bridge structure; help with construction organization and logistics arrangements to ensure that the correct materials and components arrive at the right location on time; in a multi-team collaborative construction environment, clear markings reduce communication errors and ensure that all parties involved have a clear understanding of construction requirements; follow industry specifications and standards, print necessary information, and meet the technical requirements of engineering design and construction; by printing this key information on the bearings, high efficiency and high quality of construction can be ensured, while also providing important guarantees for the safe operation and future maintenance of the bridge.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, step S200 specifically includes: S201, technical preparation, checking whether the appearance of the adjustable sloped bearing is damaged, and comparing and confirming it with the design model, calculating the pre-bias value of the support center according to temperature, prestress, and concrete shrinkage factors to prevent the bearing from being biased or falling off; S202, equipment preparation, including preparing to install transportation equipment, measuring equipment, grouting equipment and construction personnel work platform. By checking the appearance and design model of the adjustable slope bearing, ensure that the bearing is intact and meets the design requirements, and ensure its adaptability and reliability; by calculating the pre-bias value of the support center, taking into account factors such as temperature, prestress, and concrete shrinkage, prevent the bearing from being biased or falling off during use to ensure structural safety; equipment preparation ensures that all necessary installation and transportation equipment, measurement equipment, and grouting equipment are ready to reduce waiting time during construction and improve construction efficiency; by preparing a work platform for construction personnel, provide a safe working environment for construction personnel and reduce construction risks; accurate measurement equipment can ensure the accuracy of bearing installation and avoid structural problems caused by installation errors; technical preparation and equipment preparation help optimize the construction process and ensure that construction proceeds smoothly as planned; through professional technical preparation and equipment support, improve the professional level and construction quality of the entire construction team; clear technical requirements and complete equipment preparation are conducive to construction supervision and management, ensuring that all links in the construction process meet the standards; sufficient equipment preparation can respond quickly to emergencies and reduce the impact on construction progress; ensure the timely supply and use of all equipment and materials to avoid construction interruptions due to lack of equipment or materials. Through these preparatory work, the installation process of the adjustable slope bearing can be ensured to be smooth, safe and efficient, while the construction quality can be guaranteed to meet the engineering design and use requirements.

[0035] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, step S300 specifically includes: S301, re-measure the bridge piers, re-measure the center distance of the bridge piers and the elevation of the cushion stone before installing the adjustable slope bearing to ensure the accuracy of the cushion stone, and check whether the position and depth of the anchor hole of the slope bearing meet the requirements of the design specifications; S302, support installation, keep the beam vertical, ensure that the lower plate of the support and the cushion stone are level, and use the support epoxy mortar to grout the bolt holes to avoid deviation. The adjustable slope bearing and the cushion stone as well as the adjustable slope bearing and the bottom of the beam must be tightly fitted without gaps. The height difference of the four corners of the support shall not be greater than 2mm, and the horizontal deviation shall not be greater than 2mm. By re-measuring the center distance of the piers and the elevation of the cushion stone, the accuracy of the cushion stone is ensured to meet the design requirements, providing an accurate foundation for the installation of the bearings; checking the position and depth of the sloped bearing anchor holes to ensure compliance with the design specifications and to ensure the stability and safety of the bearings; the precise match between the bearing slope and the beam slope can keep the beam vertical, and keep the beam vertical during the bearing installation process to avoid structural problems caused by installation errors and ensure the geometric shape and mechanical properties of the bridge; using tools such as theodolites, levels and steel rulers to measure the span, the position of the bearing bolt holes, and the elevation, flatness, slope and slope direction of the top surface of the bearing cushion stone to ensure that the bearing lower plate is level with the cushion stone to avoid uneven force or deviation problems caused by uneven bearings; using bearing epoxy mortar to grout the bolt holes for fixing. Epoxy mortar is used for fixing and connecting bearings to improve the stability and durability of the structure, and has a strong Adhesion and tolerance can resist a certain degree of vibration and pressure, enhance the connection stability between the bearing and the pedestal, and prevent the bearing from shifting during use; ensure that the adjustable slope bearing is in close contact with the pedestal and the bearing and the bottom of the beam without gaps, and improve the bearing's bearing capacity and durability; strictly control the height difference and horizontal deviation of the four corners of the bearing to ensure that the bearing is evenly stressed and avoid local stress concentration or damage; improve the quality of the entire bridge construction through precise installation operations and strict quality control; precise bearing installation reduces safety risks during construction, ensures the safety of construction personnel and construction equipment, facilitates later inspection and maintenance, reduces maintenance costs and work difficulty, improves the service life and reliability of the bridge, and reduces future maintenance and replacement needs; ensure that the bearing can meet the functional requirements of the bridge design, including adjusting the slope, bearing capacity, and adapting to the displacement of the bridge. Through the above installation steps, the correct installation of the adjustable slope bearing can be ensured, providing a stable, reliable and durable support system for the bridge.

[0036] Optionally, precautions for installing adjustable sloped supports: ① The sloped supports must not be disassembled or unlocked arbitrarily before installation; ② Pay attention to the direction of the supports when installing movable supports, and place them according to the construction design drawing to ensure that the main displacement direction of the supports is correct; in order to meet the slope requirements, it is divided into transverse slope and longitudinal slope, and the direction needs to be distinguished. The bottom slope of the beam is leveled by a customized sloped pot-type support. Under the premise of normal construction, the beam body only needs to ensure that the support, installation position, and direction are correct to meet the slope requirements of the bridge; ③ When hoisting the support, pay attention to protecting the support paint to avoid damage, and do not use wire rope to touch the rubber seal of the support. Sealing ring; ④ Use the reserved anchor hole type. Before grouting, the required slurry volume should be calculated in advance. The actual slurry quantity to be poured should not have too large an error with the calculated value to prevent slurry shortage in the middle; ⑤ The depth of the anchor hole on the top of the pier should be at least 60mm greater than the length of the embedded sleeve, and the hole diameter should be at least 60mm greater than the diameter of the embedded sleeve; ⑥ Use the reserved anchor hole type. After the mortar has finally set, the formwork can be removed. Only after the design strength is reached can the four corner pads be removed and the gaps repaired; ⑦ Use the welding type with the embedded steel plate. The welding of the support steel plate and the embedded steel plate adopts intermittent and diagonal welding to avoid overheating of the support; ⑧ Ensure that the support is subjected to horizontal force.

[0037] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, step S400 specifically includes: checking in detail the layout position of the adjustable sloped support, including the longitudinal and lateral position, flatness, and the height difference of the four corners of the same support plate and the relative height difference between the support plates, to ensure that the adjustable sloped support is tightly fitted with the bottom of the beam without any gap; if compression or voiding occurs, it is necessary to check again the horizontality of the support pad stone surface and the degree of parallelism between the bottom surface of the beam and the pad stone, use a jack to lift the beam end, and / or add steel plates to the upper and lower surfaces of the support or apply non-shrinkage mortar or epoxy resin mortar, and then drop the beam again to ensure that the upper and lower surfaces of the support are parallel to each other and tightly fitted with the bottom of the beam and the top surface of the pier. By checking the longitudinal and transverse positions of the supports in detail, ensure the accuracy of the support layout and meet the design requirements; check the flatness of the supports to ensure that the supports are in uniform contact with the bottom of the beam to avoid local stress concentration caused by unevenness; check the height difference of the four corners of the same support plate and the relative height difference between the support plates to ensure the horizontality and uniform load-bearing of the supports; through careful inspection and adjustment, prevent the support from being compressed or emptied during use, and ensure the stability of the support and the safety of the beam; ensure that the gap between the adjustable slope support and the bottom of the beam is close and seamless, improve the sealing of the support and the stability of the beam; use a jack to lift the beam end, and fine-tune the support or beam to ensure the parallelism and close fit between the support and the bottom of the beam; Add steel plates or apply non-shrinkage mortar or epoxy resin mortar on the upper and lower surfaces of the bearings to improve the bearing stress conditions and ensure uniform load bearing; by dropping the beam again, make final confirmation and adjustment of the bearing position and status to ensure the correct installation of the bearing; through strict inspection and adjustment procedures, improve the quality of the entire bridge construction and ensure that the construction meets technical specifications; ensure that the upper and lower surfaces of the bearings are parallel to each other and close to the bottom of the beam and the top of the pier to avoid structural safety problems caused by improper installation; accurate bearing layout and adjustment facilitates later inspection and maintenance, reducing maintenance costs and work difficulty; through accurate and standardized bearing layout, improve the service life and reliability of the bridge and reduce future maintenance and replacement needs. Detailed inspection and adjustment steps are essential to ensure the correct installation of adjustable slope bearings and the long-term stability of the bridge structure.

[0038] Optionally, the following precautions should be taken when installing T-beams: ① The beams should be lowered slowly and steadily to avoid compression, disengagement and shearing (tilting); ② Draw a cross line of the support center at the bottom of the beam, and mark a vertical line of the support center line at the end of the beam, so that the center line of the position on the pier coincides when the beam is lowered; ③ If compression or disengagement occurs, check again the horizontality of the support pad stone surface and the degree of parallelism between the bottom surface of the beam and the pad stone. You can use a jack to lift the beam end, and add steel plates on the upper and lower surfaces of the support or apply non-shrinkage mortar / epoxy resin mortar, and then lower the beam again to ensure that the upper and lower surfaces of the support are parallel to each other and fit tightly to the bottom of the beam and the top surface of the pier.

[0039] The high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of this embodiment is obtained by adopting the construction method of the adjustable slope-shaped support for the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge mentioned above.

[0040] like Figure 4As shown, the monitoring system of the adjustable sloped bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of this embodiment is deployed during the construction process of the above-mentioned construction method of the adjustable sloped bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge, and includes bearing measuring points, monitoring measuring stations, data acquisition modules, cloud servers and monitoring platforms; the bearing measuring points are installed around the upper surface and the lower surface of the adjustable sloped bearing, the detection part of the data acquisition module is installed at the bearing measuring points, the monitoring measuring stations are arranged outside the bridge, the data acquisition module is connected to the cloud server, the cloud data is viewed in real time through the monitoring platform, and early warnings are made based on the data. Through the bearing measurement points and data acquisition modules, the bearing status can be monitored in real time to detect potential problems in time; various data of the bearing during use can be recorded to provide detailed records and analysis basis for the maintenance and management of the bridge; according to the collected data, the warning threshold can be set through the monitoring platform, and when the data exceeds the normal range, the system can issue a warning in time; the use of cloud servers and monitoring platforms enables managers to view data remotely in real time and make management decisions; the monitoring system can detect abnormal conditions of the bearing in time to prevent accidents and improve the safety of bridge use; based on the monitoring data, a more scientific maintenance and replacement plan for the bearing can be formulated to reduce unnecessary maintenance costs; through continuous monitoring and Timely maintenance can extend the service life of the bearings and even the entire bridge structure; provide accurate data support for bridge managers to assist in more reasonable resource allocation and decision-making; during the construction process, the monitoring system can help the construction team monitor the construction quality and ensure that the construction meets the design and specification requirements; through long-term collected data, the adaptability of the bearings to different environmental conditions can be analyzed to provide reference for similar projects; the collected data can be used for further research and analysis to improve the bearing design and improve the performance of the bridge structure; in extreme weather or other disasters, the monitoring system can respond quickly, assess damage and guide emergency repair work; apply intelligent monitoring technology to bridge construction and maintenance to improve the intelligent management level of the entire project. By deploying a monitoring system, it is not only possible to ensure the correct installation and use of the bearings during construction, but also to provide continuous protection and optimization management during the operation of the bridge to ensure the long-term stability and safe operation of the bridge. Optionally, a data acquisition module collects sensor signals and converts them into digital data. Optionally, the monitoring system also includes: a signal amplifier to enhance the sensor signal and improve the quality and distance of signal transmission; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert analog signals into digital signals for easy processing and storage; a microcontroller or processor to process data transmitted from the data acquisition module and perform data analysis and decision-making; a storage unit to store the collected data for subsequent analysis; and a wireless communication module, such as a Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa or cellular network module, for wirelessly transmitting data to a remote monitoring platform.Optionally, the monitoring system also includes: a power module to provide a stable power supply for the data acquisition device, which may include batteries, solar panels or power drawn from the existing power system of the bridge; a protective casing to protect internal components from environmental factors, such as waterproof, dustproof, corrosion-resistant, etc.

[0041] The adjustable slope bearing for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of this embodiment is used to be arranged on the pier, and includes an anchoring assembly, a bearing lower seat plate, an intermediate plate group and a sloped upper bearing plate. The bearing lower seat plate is fixedly connected to the pier by the anchoring assembly, and the bearing lower seat plate is connected to and supports the sloped upper bearing plate by the intermediate plate group; the sloped upper bearing plate is quadrilateral, and has a first side surface and a second side surface arranged along the direction of the bridge, and has a third side surface and a fourth side surface perpendicular to the direction of the bridge, and the height dimension of the first side surface and the height dimension of the second side surface increase along the same direction, and at least one of the height dimension of the third side surface and / or the height dimension of the fourth side surface is adaptively gradient. By connecting the lower support plate of the support and the upper support plate of the slope type through the intermediate plate group, the load of the upper structure can be transferred to the pier more evenly, reducing local stress concentration; the anchoring assembly fixes the lower support plate of the support to the pier, providing a stable anchoring effect and enhancing the overall stability of the bridge structure; the quadrilateral design of the upper support plate of the slope type, in which the height dimensions of the first side and the second side increase gradually, and at least one of the height dimensions of the third side and the fourth side is adaptively gradual, the composite slope direction of the slope type support can be easily identified by the increase in the height dimensions of the first side and the second side in the same direction, so as to correctly install the support and enable the support to adapt to the The longitudinal slope of the bridge ensures the stability and continuity of the bridge in the slope change area; the adaptive gradient side design helps to reduce the deformation of the bridge at different slopes and maintain the geometric shape and driving comfort of the bridge; the design of the slope bearing takes into account the force characteristics of the bridge on the longitudinal slope, which helps to improve the durability and service life of the bearing; when natural disasters such as earthquakes occur, the design of the slope bearing helps to absorb and disperse seismic energy and improve the seismic performance of the bridge; the design of the slope bearing of the highway bridge with long longitudinal slope comprehensively considers multiple factors such as the stability of the bridge structure, load transfer and durability, so as to meet the special needs of highway bridges in the longitudinal slope area.

[0042] like Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the corner point of the upper edge of the side of the sloped upper bearing plate is the monitoring reference point, and the corner point of the lower edge of the side of the bearing lower plate is the monitoring reference point, and the monitoring reference point is equipped with a data acquisition device. The corner point is the key area where the bearing is subjected to stress. By arranging data acquisition modules at these points, the stress state and displacement changes of the bearing can be monitored more accurately; the stress and strain data of the monitoring reference point are helpful to analyze the stress distribution of the bearing and evaluate its bearing capacity and safety; the displacement data of the corner point can reflect the deformation of the bearing under different loads, and provide important information for the stability and safety of the bridge; the impact of temperature changes on the bridge bearing can be evaluated by monitoring the data of the reference point, which helps to understand the impact of temperature on the bearing performance; the data of the monitoring reference point can be used to evaluate the health of the entire bridge structure and timely discover potential structural problems; the monitoring data can be used to formulate preventive maintenance plans and take measures in advance to avoid bridge accidents caused by bearing problems; When natural disasters such as earthquakes occur, the response data of the monitoring benchmark points can evaluate the seismic performance of the bearings and provide a reference for seismic design; the water level and humidity data of the monitoring benchmark points can evaluate the drainage performance of the bearings and deal with water accumulation problems in a timely manner; during bridge construction, the data of the monitoring benchmark points can be used to check the installation quality of the bearings to ensure that the construction meets the design requirements; the data collected by the monitoring benchmark points can provide valuable research information for bridge design and construction and promote the advancement of bridge engineering technology; the data of the monitoring benchmark points can promptly detect abnormal conditions of the bearings and reduce traffic safety accidents caused by bearing problems; by deploying monitoring benchmark points and data acquisition devices at key locations, the monitoring accuracy and reliability of bridge bearings can be significantly improved, enhancing the safety, reliability and economy of bridges.

[0043] like Figure 4As shown, the monitoring method of the adjustable slope bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge of this embodiment adopts the above-mentioned monitoring system of the adjustable slope bearing of the high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge, including the following steps: S500, during the construction of the bridge, after the bearings are installed on the bridge piers, various measuring points are installed on the upper, lower, left and right parts of the slope bearing, and measuring stations are arranged in the open space outside the cross bridge of the bridge; S600, during the normal operation of the bridge, the measuring station collects data and saves it to the data acquisition module, and the data acquisition module uploads the data to the cloud server; S700, the data of the cloud server can be viewed on the monitoring platform, and the warning value can be set. When the bearing displacement value is higher than the warning value, a warning is issued to the monitoring platform; S800, the monitoring platform can monitor the data at any time, and when the data warning is issued, a report is issued to the operation and maintenance department to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to conduct inspection and maintenance. Install measuring points at key locations of the bearings to ensure that the working status and performance indicators of the bearings can be accurately captured; real-time data collection of the bearing status is achieved by arranging measuring stations in open areas outside the bridge; the collected data is securely saved in the data acquisition module and uploaded to the cloud server to ensure data integrity and security; the use of cloud servers allows authorized personnel to access and analyze data through the monitoring platform anytime and anywhere; set warning values ​​on the monitoring platform, and when the detected bearing displacement value exceeds the normal range, the system automatically issues a warning; when abnormal data is monitored, the monitoring platform can promptly report to the operation and maintenance department and initiate emergency plans; through monitoring data, guide operation and maintenance personnel to conduct regular inspections and maintenance to prevent potential structural problems; through monitoring and early warning, reduce bridge safety risks caused by bearing problems and ensure the safety of passing vehicles and pedestrians; according to monitoring By using data, more scientific and reasonable maintenance plans and budgets can be formulated to improve maintenance efficiency and economic benefits; by timely discovering and handling problems, the service life of the bearings and the entire bridge structure can be extended; the data accumulated over a long period of time can be used to deeply analyze the performance change trends of the bearings and provide a reference for bridge design and construction; the automated and intelligent monitoring methods reduce the frequency and workload of manual inspections and improve management efficiency; provide accurate data support for bridge managers to assist in more reasonable resource allocation and decision-making; the monitoring system can evaluate the performance of the bearings under different environmental and load conditions and provide data support for bridge adaptability; the integrated monitoring system improves the intelligent management level of the bridge structure, which is in line with the development trend of modern bridge engineering; by implementing the monitoring method, the safe, reliable and efficient operation of the adjustable slope bearings of high-pier and long longitudinal slope bridges can be ensured throughout their life cycle.

[0044] During implementation, an adjustable slope bearing and a quick installation method are provided to effectively avoid the problems of beam-to-bearing separation, pier column displacement / deformation, and even local cracking of the beam bottom caused by errors in the erection of traditional bridge beams and bearing construction. By using a bearing type that is more suitable for high-pier long-slope bridges and has better durability, a new method of using adjustable slope bearings to adjust the slope is innovated for long-slope bridges in mountainous and hilly areas in my country. At the same time, the bearing processing cost is saved, the beam installation efficiency and accuracy are improved, and the later maintenance cost of the bearing and beam is reduced. It has a good practical engineering application effect and broad promotion and application value.

[0045] The present invention provides an adjustable slope bearing for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge and a quick installation method thereof, so as to avoid the phenomenon that the beam body and the bearing are separated, the pier column is displaced / deformed, and even the bottom of the beam is cracked due to the traditional slope adjustment method and bearing installation error of the long longitudinal slope bridge. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0046] 1. The installation and construction steps of the slope support include the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Customized production of adjustable slope supports

[0048] The slope support is composed of adjustable slope support upper steel plate, steel slide plate, steel lining plate, rubber plate, lower seat plate and bolts. The upper steel plate of the adjustable slope support is designed, produced and processed separately according to the longitudinal slope on each cap beam, and the height difference of the four corners of the upper steel plate of the support is adjusted. Through high-precision CNC processing technology, the slope accuracy level of the steel plate on the adjustable slope support reaches 0.01mm.

[0049] CNC machining technology, commonly known as CNC machining process, refers to the process of machining parts on CNC machine tools. This technology involves using instructions in the form of numbers and letters to control the tool to move along a predetermined trajectory to produce workpieces that meet design requirements. CNC machining process includes multiple steps, such as process analysis, programming, tool selection, clamping scheme determination, error analysis, etc. Through these steps, the accuracy and efficiency of the machining process can be ensured, while improving product quality and production automation.

[0050] Step 2: Construction preparation before installation of slope support

[0051] ① Technical preparation: Before installing the support, check whether the support is damaged and whether the model is consistent with the design model. When installing the movable support, the pre-deflection value of the design support center should be calculated based on the temperature during pouring, prestressing tension, concrete shrinkage and creep effects on the beam length.

[0052] ② Equipment preparation: installation and transportation equipment: crane, transport vehicle, etc.; measurement equipment: total station, level, steel ruler; grouting equipment: mixing bucket, air compressor, hose, grouting pump; setting up workbench: before installing the support, first set up a solid construction work platform on the top of the pier and set up guardrails to ensure the convenience of construction workers and construction safety.

[0053] Step 3: Specific installation steps of slope support

[0054] ① Re-measure the bridge piers: Before installing the bearings, re-measure the distance between the bridge pier centers and the elevation of the pad stones to ensure the accuracy of the pad stones. Check that the location and depth of the anchor holes of the sloped bearings meet the design specification requirements.

[0055] ②Support installation: The support installation should keep the beam vertical, the support lower plate and the pad stone should be kept horizontal, and the special support epoxy mortar should be used to grout the bolt holes to fix without deviation. The support and the pad stone and the support and the bottom of the beam should be close together without any gaps, the height difference of the four corners of the support should not exceed 2mm, and the horizontal deviation of the support should not exceed 2mm.

[0056] Step 4: T-beam installation steps

[0057] Before installing the T-beam, check the support position in detail, including the longitudinal and transverse position, flatness, the height difference of the four corners of the same support plate, and the relative height difference of each support plate. After ensuring that the gap between the support and the bottom of the beam is close and there is no gap, the T-beam can be officially dropped and installed.

[0058] 2. Precautions for installing slope supports

[0059] ① The slope type support shall not be disassembled arbitrarily or unlocked before installation;

[0060] ② When the installation temperature is different from the design requirements, the preset offset value of the movable support should be adjusted according to the actual temperature;

[0061] ③ When installing the movable support, pay attention to the direction of the support and place it according to the construction design drawing to ensure that the main displacement direction of the support is correct;

[0062] ④ When hoisting the support, pay attention to protecting the support paint, avoid scratching or bruising it, and do not use the wire rope to touch the rubber sealing ring of the support;

[0063] ⑤ The reserved anchor bolt holes should be used. Before grouting, the required slurry volume should be pre-calculated. The actual slurry volume should not have a large error with the calculated value to prevent slurry shortage in the middle;

[0064] ⑥ The depth of the anchor bolt hole on the top of the pier should be at least 60mm greater than the length of the embedded sleeve, and the hole diameter should be at least 60mm greater than the diameter of the embedded sleeve;

[0065] ⑦ Use reserved anchor bolt holes, remove the formwork after the mortar has finally set, and remove the four corner pads and repair the gaps only after the designed strength is reached;

[0066] ⑧ The support steel plate and the embedded steel plate are welded intermittently and diagonally to avoid overheating of the support;

[0067] ⑨ Ensure that the support is subjected to horizontal force.

[0068] 3. Construction precautions when installing T beams

[0069] ① The beam should be lowered slowly and steadily to avoid compression, loosening and shearing (twisting).

[0070] ② Draw a cross line of the support center at the bottom of the beam, and mark a vertical line of the support center line at the end of the beam. When the beam is lowered, it should coincide with the center line of the position on the pier.

[0071] ③ When compression deviation or void occurs, check again whether the surface of the bearing pedestal stone is horizontal and whether the bottom surface of the beam is parallel to the pedestal stone. Lift the beam end with a jack, add steel plates on the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing or apply non-shrinkage mortar (or epoxy resin mortar), and drop the beam again. Under the action of gravity, the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing are parallel to each other and are tightly attached to the bottom of the beam and the top surface of the pier.

[0072] It has the following beneficial effects:

[0073] The adjustable slope bearings for high-pier long longitudinal slope bridges and their rapid installation methods can achieve accurate slope adjustment and one-time slope installation through factory CNC processing customization and factory mass production. It simplifies the installation process of long longitudinal slope bridge bearings, reduces the cumulative slope error, and improves the service life of the bearings and the safety factor of the bridge beam. At the same time, the adjustable slope bearings also inherit the advantages of the original bearings, such as strong pressure bearing capacity, simple construction, compact structure, and small sliding friction coefficient. By adopting the adjustable slope bearing technology, the beam making cycle of prefabricated T beams is shortened, the project construction period is guaranteed, and the durability of the bridge and the subsequent maintenance costs are also improved and reduced.

[0074] During the implementation, a method for monitoring and early warning the settlement of slope bearings of highway bridges was proposed. The slope bearings of bridges with high piers and long longitudinal slopes in mountainous areas are subjected to complex forces, and their deformation characteristics, performance evolution and mechanical state directly affect the safety and stability of the bridge. The highway bridge slope bearing safety monitoring and early warning system includes setting monitoring points at the upper and lower parts of the bridge bearings. The upper part of the bearing body can move relative to the lower pier in the height direction and horizontal direction, and the monitoring is realized by collecting data from the monitoring station arranged outside the bearing. The data acquisition module is responsible for collecting the displacement data of the bridge bearings monitored by the monitoring station and uploading it to the cloud server. A data monitoring platform is set on the cloud server to display the uploaded bridge bearing displacement data, so that the displacement of the bridge piers can be monitored in real time and the corresponding early warning values ​​can be set. Once the displacement of the bridge pier is detected to exceed the set early warning value, the monitoring platform will issue an early warning to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to conduct inspection and maintenance. This innovative technology can realize real-time monitoring and feedback of the bridge operation status, and timely issue early warnings when the bridge may be in danger, which can effectively improve the safety and reliability of the bridge structure and ensure the normal operation of the bridge.

[0075] The present invention provides a safety monitoring and early warning system for slope-type bearings of highway long longitudinal slope bridges, including bearing measuring points, monitoring stations, data acquisition modules, cloud servers, and monitoring platforms. The bearing measuring points are installed on the upper, lower, left, and right parts of the bearings, the monitoring stations are arranged outside the bridges, the data acquisition modules are connected to the cloud servers, and the monitoring platforms can view the cloud data in real time and make early warnings based on the data. The monitoring stations need to collect the X, Y, and Z three-dimensional displacement data of the bearings.

[0076] The monitoring and early warning method of the slope support safety monitoring and early warning system of the long longitudinal slope bridge on the expressway has the following specific steps:

[0077] Step 1: During the bridge construction process, after the bridge piers are installed with bearings, various measuring points are installed on the upper, lower, left and right parts of the sloped bearings, and measuring stations are arranged in the open space outside the cross bridge of the bridge;

[0078] Step 2: During normal operation of the bridge, the measuring station collects data and saves it to the data collection module, which uploads the data to the cloud server;

[0079] Step 3: The data of the cloud server can be viewed on the monitoring platform, and the warning value can be set. When the support displacement value is higher than the warning value, an alarm is sent to the monitoring platform;

[0080] Step 4: The monitoring platform can monitor data at any time, and send a report to the operation and maintenance department when a data warning is issued, notifying the operation and maintenance personnel to conduct inspections and maintenance.

[0081] Matters not covered by the present invention are known technologies.

[0082] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0083] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for an adjustable slope bearing for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100, customized production and processing of adjustable slope type bearings. According to the slope parameters of each pier number, the height difference of the four corners of the adjustable slope type bearing is designed to make the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the upper plate of the bearing respectively consistent with the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the bridge, ensuring the horizontal force and displacement of the bearing; S200, construction preparation before installation of adjustable slope type bearing; S300, installation of adjustable slope support; S400, installation of T beam.

2. The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S100 includes: S101、Design method of adjustable slope type bearing, the slope along the bridge is i1%, the slope across the bridge is i2%, the length along the bridge is A value, the width across the bridge is B value, calculate the height of the four corners, h1=h2-A×i1%, h3=h2-B×i2%, h4=h3-A×i1%=h1-B×i2%, If there is no cross slope, i2=0.

3. The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The manufacturing step S102 of the adjustable sloped support in step S100 specifically includes: S1021. Manufacturing modified polytetrafluoroacetic acid slide plates: Select modified polytetrafluoroethylene materials with good wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and self-lubricating properties, press or sinter the modified polytetrafluoroethylene materials into the required slide plate shape, conduct quality inspection on the processed slide plates, including dimensional accuracy and material properties, to ensure that the slide plates meet the design and use requirements, and further process, coat and polish the slide plate surface as needed to improve the surface properties; S1022. Manufacturing a modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene skateboard, selecting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as a base material, modifying the surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder by an interfacial polycondensation modification method in order to improve the compatibility between ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and other resins and increase the surface bonding performance, generating a layer of polyurea and / or polyurethane and / or polyamide film on the surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder, pressing and sintering the modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder into a desired skateboard shape, and performing necessary physical property tests on the molded skateboard, including tensile strength, tensile strain at break, ball indentation hardness, and tensile elastic modulus; S1023. Manufacturing of chloroprene rubber sheets, natural rubber sheets or EPDM rubber sheets, vulcanization and testing; S1024, stainless steel plate manufacturing, cutting and inspection in punching and shearing workshop; S1025, manufacture steel casting blanks and steel plates, perform cutting processing, inspect semi-finished products, perform ultrasonic flaw detection, shot blasting, perform argon arc welding with the stainless steel plates manufactured in step S1024, and seal the holes with paint.

4. The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S100, the adjustable sloped support is assembled by assembling a modified polytetrafluoroacetic acid slide plate, a modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene slide plate, a chloroprene rubber plate or a natural rubber plate or an EPDM rubber plate, and a steel plate to obtain an adjustable sloped support, and then inspecting it.

5. The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Step S100 also includes: S103. Print the bridge direction mark, slope, pier number, and left and right width information on the surface of the adjustable slope-type bearing according to the use position to ensure that the bearing slope is accurately matched with the beam slope.

6. The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S200 specifically includes: S201. Technical preparation: check whether the adjustable slope bearing is damaged, and compare and confirm with the design model. Calculate the pre-deviation value of the bearing center according to the temperature, prestress and concrete shrinkage factors to prevent the bearing from being biased or falling off; S202. Equipment preparation, including preparation and installation of transportation equipment, measuring equipment, grouting equipment and construction personnel work platform.

7. The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S300 specifically includes: S301. Re-measure the bridge piers. Before installing the adjustable slope bearings, re-measure the distance between the bridge pier centers and the elevation of the cushion stones to ensure the accuracy of the cushion stones. Check that the location and depth of the anchor bolt holes of the slope bearings meet the design specification requirements. S302. When installing the support, keep the beam vertical, ensure that the lower plate of the support is level with the cushion stone, and use epoxy mortar to grout the bolt holes of the support to avoid deviation. The adjustable sloped support and the cushion stone as well as the adjustable sloped support and the bottom of the beam must be tightly fitted without any gaps. The height difference of the four corners of the support should not exceed 2mm, and the horizontal deviation should not exceed 2mm.

8. The construction method of the adjustable slope bearing for high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S400 specifically includes: Check the layout position of the adjustable slope bearing in detail, including the longitudinal and transverse position, flatness, and the height difference of the four corners of the same bearing plate and the relative height difference between the bearing plates to ensure that the adjustable slope bearing fits tightly with the bottom of the beam without any gap; If compression or voiding occurs, it is necessary to check again the horizontality of the bearing pad stone surface and the degree of parallelism between the bottom surface of the beam and the pad stone, use a jack to lift the beam end, and / or add steel plates or apply non-shrinkage mortar or epoxy resin mortar on the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing, and then drop the beam again to ensure that the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing are parallel to each other and in close contact with the bottom of the beam and the top surface of the pier.

9. A monitoring system for an adjustable slope-shaped support for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge, which is deployed during the construction process of the construction method for an adjustable slope-shaped support for a high pier and long longitudinal slope bridge according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes support measuring points, monitoring measuring stations, data acquisition modules, cloud servers and monitoring platforms; The support measuring points are installed around the upper and lower surfaces of the adjustable sloped support. The detection part of the data acquisition module is installed at the support measuring points. The monitoring station is arranged outside the bridge. The data acquisition module is connected to the cloud server. The cloud data can be viewed in real time through the monitoring platform, and early warnings can be issued based on the data.

10. A monitoring method for an adjustable slope-shaped support for a high-pier bridge with a long longitudinal slope, using the monitoring system for an adjustable slope-shaped support for a high-pier bridge with a long longitudinal slope as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S500. During the construction of the bridge, after the bridge piers are installed with bearings, various measuring points are installed at the upper, lower, left and right parts of the sloped bearings, and measuring stations are arranged in the open space outside the transverse bridge of the bridge; S600: During normal operation of the bridge, the measuring station collects data and saves it to the data collection module, which then uploads the data to the cloud server; S700, the data of the cloud server can be viewed on the monitoring platform, and the warning value can be set. When the support displacement value is higher than the warning value, an early warning is issued to the monitoring platform; S800, the monitoring platform can monitor data at any time, and send a report to the operation and maintenance department when data warning is issued, notifying the operation and maintenance personnel to conduct inspection and maintenance.

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