Efficient submersible pump with front-mounted lower pump and front-mounted upper motor
By setting a diving motor above the submersible pump and the design of the double -absorbing impeller and a hybrid magnetic bearing component, the problem of the existing submersible pumps cannot be discharged and sediment blocked in the deep well drainage, and it has achieved efficient and reliable diving diving Pump system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411944521.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-24
Smart Images

Figure CN119353235A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of submersible pumps, in particular to a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front. Background Art
[0002] At present, the main drainage equipment at home and abroad for deep well drainage is the submersible pump with upper pump and lower motor. Since the pump body of this submersible pump is on the top and the submersible motor is on the bottom, the accumulated water below the water inlet of the water pump cannot be discharged normally during normal operation. The conventional solution to this situation is to connect a matching relay pump and a water collection cover under the submersible motor, and send the accumulated water below to the water inlet section of the submersible pump in the water collection cover through the work of the relay pump, so as to remove the deep accumulated water. However, this series relay drainage working condition has a complex structure, troublesome installation, low efficiency, poor system reliability, and if the relay pump is damaged or blocked by sediment, it is necessary to take out the submersible pump and the relay pump together for inspection and maintenance, which will cause a great waste of manpower and material resources.
[0003] After searching, the Chinese patent application number is 201120257292.9, the application date is July 20, 2011, and the name is a utility model patent for a submersible electric pump with a water-filling motor on the bottom pump. This patent designs a submersible electric pump and proposes to assemble the submersible electric pump and the submersible motor by exchanging their positions, so as to achieve the purpose of removing the water from deep without installing a relay pump. However, this patent only simply exchanges and connects the submersible pump and the submersible motor, without considering that the water inlet is close to the bottom of the well and is easily blocked by mud and sand, and also without considering how to improve the pump efficiency, reduce the axial force and extend the service life of the pump. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front, so as to solve the problem that deep water in coal mines cannot be discharged efficiently and is blocked by mud and sand, and to improve the efficiency and life of the overall structure of the water pump.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front, comprising a submersible pump and a submersible motor arranged above the submersible pump, a water guide pump housing is arranged outside the submersible motor, and a water outlet flow channel is arranged between the water guide pump housing and the outer side of the submersible motor, and the water outlet flow channel is connected to the water outlet circuit of the submersible pump; The submersible pump comprises a submersible pump casing and a pump shaft arranged in the pump casing, an upper impeller group, a lower impeller group and a double-suction impeller are arranged on the pump shaft, a bearing box is arranged below the submersible pump, and a hybrid magnetic bearing assembly and a spherical support are arranged in the bearing box; The submersible pump and the submersible motor are sealed and connected via a mechanical seal and a coupling.
[0006] Preferably, the water guide pump housing includes two intermediate housings, a water outlet pump housing and a transition housing, the transition housing is configured as an annular jacket-like structure, the large end opening of the transition housing is connected to the submersible motor, the small end opening of the transition housing is connected to the submersible pump, and the transition housing is connected to both the water outlet flow channel and the water outlet circuit, and a water drop-shaped check valve is arranged in the water outlet pump housing.
[0007] Preferably, the submersible motor comprises a stator barrel, a rotor shaft is arranged inside the stator barrel, a rotor aluminum ingot is arranged on the rotor shaft, a stator sheet is arranged around the outer periphery of the rotor aluminum ingot, and the stator sheet is fixed on the stator barrel; Both ends of the rotor shaft are connected to the submersible motor through upper guide bearings.
[0008] Preferably, a water inlet section is provided at the bottom of the pump casing of the submersible pump, the double-suction impeller and the water collecting channel which are connected are provided above the water inlet section, the lower impeller group and the upper impeller group are provided above the water collecting channel, an intermediate sleeve is provided between the upper impeller group and the lower impeller group, the intermediate sleeve is provided on the pump shaft, and an intermediate guide bearing is provided outside the intermediate sleeve.
[0009] Preferably, the upper impeller assembly includes an upper guide vane and an upper water outlet guide vane, and the lower impeller assembly includes a lower guide vane and a lower water outlet guide vane; The blades of the upper impeller group are oriented upward, and the blades of the lower impeller group are oriented downward. The blades of the lower impeller group and the blades of the upper impeller group rotate in opposite directions.
[0010] Preferably, the forward and reverse blades of the double-suction impeller have large areas and opposite rotation directions, and the blades of the double-suction impeller close to one end of the water collecting channel have the same rotation direction as that of the lower impeller assembly.
[0011] Preferably, the bearing box comprises an upper bearing box body and a lower bearing box body, an upper bearing ring and a lower bearing ring are arranged in the center holes of the upper bearing box body and the lower bearing box body, and the upper bearing ring, the lower bearing ring, the lower bearing box body and the upper bearing box body are fixedly connected by studs; A rear bearing pressure cover is arranged above the upper bearing housing, a front bearing pressure cover is arranged below the lower bearing housing, and an isolation oil chamber is formed inside the bearing housing.
[0012] Preferably, the hybrid magnetic bearing assembly comprises a rotor magnetic isolation ring and a dynamic retainer, the dynamic retainer is arranged in the center holes of the upper bearing ring and the lower bearing ring, a dynamic magnetic ring is arranged between the dynamic retainer and the rotor magnetic isolation ring, a shaft end retainer is arranged below the dynamic retainer, and the pump shaft is arranged in the center hole of the dynamic retainer; A plurality of annular grooves are provided in the circumferential direction of the lower bearing ring and the upper bearing ring, a fixed magnetic ring is arranged in each of the annular grooves, and an electromagnetic coil is wound around the outer side of the annular grooves.
[0013] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and a front-mounted motor, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) During the drainage process at the bottom of a well, the water inlet of the existing submersible electric pump with a pump below and a motor above is close to the bottom of the well and is easily blocked by silt. However, the present invention can reduce the risk of blockage by silt under the action of the double-suction impeller.
[0014] (2) Due to the harsh environment in which existing submersible pumps are located, general bearings are easily affected by factors such as mud and sand wear, poor lubrication, and high-frequency vibration, which reduces their lifespan. The patent of this invention provides a non-contact hybrid magnetic bearing that can greatly improve the working efficiency and overall lifespan of the bearing.
[0015] (3) The present invention adopts an impeller group with symmetrical arrangement of upper and lower parts and blades with opposite rotation directions, which can greatly reduce the adverse effects of the axial force generated when the submersible pump is working on key components such as bearings and pump shafts to a certain extent, greatly improving the overall service life of the equipment.
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a double-suction impeller of a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a sectional view of the upper half of the blades of a double-suction impeller of a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the lower half of the blades of a double-suction impeller of a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of a bearing box of a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded vertical structure of a hybrid magnetic bearing assembly of a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front according to the present invention; Reference numerals: 1, outlet pump housing; 2, check valve; 3, guide pump housing; 4, stator barrel; 5, stator sheet; 6, transition housing; 7, upper impeller assembly; 8, upper guide vane; 9, upper outlet guide vane; 10, intermediate sleeve; 11, lower guide vane; 12, lower impeller assembly; 13, water collecting channel; 14, double-suction impeller; 15, lower guide bearing; 16, hybrid magnetic bearing assembly; 17, spherical support; 18, water inlet section; 19, lower outlet guide vane; 20 , intermediate guide bearing; 21, mechanical seal; 22, coupling; 23, upper guide bearing; 24, rotor aluminum ingot; 25, pump shaft; 26, upper bearing housing; 27, upper bearing ring; 28, fixed magnetic ring; 29, electromagnetic coil; 30, rotor magnetic isolation ring; 31, front bearing cover; 32, shaft end retaining ring; 33, dynamic retaining frame; 34, lower bearing housing; 35, dynamic magnetic ring; 36, lower bearing ring; 37, stud; 38, rear bearing cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0019] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.
[0020] Example See also Figure 1-6 The present invention provides a high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front, comprising a submersible pump and a submersible motor arranged above the submersible pump, a water guide pump housing 3 is arranged outside the submersible motor, and a water outlet channel is arranged between the water guide pump housing 3 and the outer side of the submersible motor, and the water outlet channel is connected to the water outlet circuit of the submersible pump.
[0021] The submersible pump comprises a submersible pump casing and a pump shaft 25 disposed in the pump casing, on which an upper impeller group 7, a lower impeller group 12 and a double-suction impeller 14 are disposed, and the upper impeller group 7 and the lower impeller group 12 are connected to the pump shaft 25 by a key connection. A bearing box is disposed below the submersible pump, and a hybrid magnetic bearing assembly 16 and a spherical support 17 are disposed in the bearing box.
[0022] The submersible pump and the submersible motor are sealed and connected via a mechanical seal 21 and a coupling 22. One end of the pump shaft 25 is connected to the rotor shaft via the coupling 22, and the other end of the pump shaft 25 is connected to the upper part of the hybrid magnetic bearing assembly 16 via the lower guide bearing 15.
[0023] The water guide pump housing 3 includes two intermediate housings, a water outlet pump housing 1 and a transition housing 6, and each housing is connected by bolts. The transition housing 6 is set as an annular jacket-like structure. The flange of the large end opening of the transition housing 6 is connected to the flange of the submersible motor through a stud, and the small end opening of the transition housing 6 is connected to the submersible pump, and the transition housing 6 is connected to the water outlet flow channel and the water outlet circuit. A water drop-shaped check valve 2 is arranged in the water outlet pump housing 1. The transition housing 6 can be used to well discharge the water discharged by the submersible pump through the water outlet flow channel of the submersible motor.
[0024] The submersible motor comprises a stator barrel 4, a rotor shaft is arranged inside the stator barrel 4, a rotor aluminum ingot 24 is arranged on the rotor shaft, a stator sheet 5 is arranged around the outer periphery of the rotor aluminum ingot 24, and the stator sheet 5 is fixed on the stator barrel 4. Both ends of the rotor shaft are connected to the submersible motor through upper guide bearings 23.
[0025] A water inlet node 18 is provided at the bottom of the submersible pump casing. The water inlet node 18 is closer to the bottom of the well. On the one hand, the expected working water depth can be reached without the participation of a relay pump and a water collecting cover, thereby reducing the water suction depth of the submersible pump and simplifying the work process and subsequent equipment maintenance steps. On the other hand, arranging a relatively bulky submersible motor at the upper end of the submersible pump can improve the stability of the entire submersible device, reduce the axial movement of the main working parts caused by the water flow, and make the entire structure more stable.
[0026] A double suction impeller 14 and a water collecting channel 13 are connected above the water inlet section 18. The double suction impeller 14 is connected to the lower impeller group 12 through the trumpet-shaped water collecting channel 13. At the same time, the water collecting channel 13 is connected to the inside of the pump casing of the submersible pump through screws. The lower impeller group 12 and the upper impeller group 7 are arranged above the water collecting channel 13. An intermediate sleeve 10 is arranged between the upper impeller group 7 and the lower impeller group 12. The intermediate sleeve 10 is arranged on the pump shaft 25. The outside of the intermediate sleeve 10 is provided with an intermediate guide bearing 20.
[0027] The upper impeller group 7 includes an upper guide vane 8 and an upper water outlet guide vane 9, and the lower impeller group 12 includes a lower guide vane 11 and a lower water outlet guide vane 19. The blades of the upper impeller group 7 face upward, and the blades of the lower impeller group 12 face downward. The upper impeller group 7 and the lower impeller group 12 adopt a symmetrical arrangement structure, each impeller model is the same, the flow head of each impeller is the same, and the axial force generated is also the same. Since the overall symmetrical structure is adopted, and the blades of the upper and lower impeller groups rotate in opposite directions, such an arrangement allows the upward axial force generated by the lower impeller group 12 to be offset by the downward axial force generated by the upper impeller group 7, greatly reducing the burden on the bearings, and at the same time, the impeller group can maintain a good balance when rotating at high speed, reducing vibration and noise, and improving the running stability of the pump.
[0028] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The double-suction impeller 14 in this embodiment adopts large blades, large inclination angles, and a low number of blades. It is located at the upper end of the water inlet section of the submersible pump and is connected to the pump shaft 25 by a key. The positive and negative blades have opposite rotation directions. The impeller blades close to the water inlet section 18 rotate clockwise, and the blades close to the water collection channel 13 rotate counterclockwise. At the same time, the blades close to the water collection channel 13 rotate in the same direction as the impeller blades of the lower impeller group 12. The double-suction impeller 14 is located at the first stage of the submersible pump, so that the liquid just entering the water inlet can be sucked into the impeller by the negative pressure generated by the high-speed rotation of the front half of the blades, and the back half of the blades generate corresponding positive pressure due to the opposite rotation direction, so that the liquid can be discharged to the lower impeller group 12 more easily and quickly through the water collection channel, which promotes the overall fluid movement. In addition, due to the small number and large area of the double-suction impeller 14, it is not easy for sediment to be blocked in the double-suction impeller 14, so that the efficiency of the lower impeller group 12 is improved, and the suction capacity of this submersible pump is greatly improved. The rotation direction of the impeller blades in the back half of the double-suction impeller 14 is the same as the rotation direction of the blades of the lower impeller group 12, ensuring that the liquid can smoothly enter the work of the subsequent impeller group, reducing the efficiency reduction and aggravated wear caused by the discontinuous fluid movement. At the same time, 6 evenly distributed balance holes are processed inside the double-suction impeller 14, which to a certain extent reduce the axial force generated by the double-suction impeller 14.
[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, the bearing box includes an upper bearing box body 26 and a lower bearing box body 34. The upper bearing ring 27 and the lower bearing ring 36 are concentric with the upper and lower bearing boxes, respectively, and the upper bearing ring 27 and the lower bearing ring 36 adopt a center-open structure. The upper bearing ring 27, the lower bearing ring 36, the lower bearing box body 34 and the upper bearing box body 26 are matched and fixedly connected by studs 37.
[0030] The upper part of the upper bearing housing 26 is connected with a rear bearing gland 38 by bolts, and the pump shaft passes through the rear bearing gland 38. The lower part of the lower bearing housing 34 is connected with a front bearing gland 31 by bolts, and the interior of the bearing housing forms an isolation oil chamber.
[0031] The hybrid magnetic bearing assembly 16 includes a rotor magnetic isolation ring 30 and a dynamic retainer 33. The dynamic retainer 33 is arranged in the center hole of the upper bearing ring 27 and the lower bearing ring 36. The dynamic retainer 33 is concentric with the upper bearing ring 27 and the lower bearing ring 36, and there is a certain radial gap between the upper bearing ring 27 and the lower bearing ring 36 and the dynamic retainer 33. A dynamic magnetic ring 35 made of NdFeB permanent magnet is arranged between the dynamic retainer 33 and the rotor magnetic isolation ring 30, and there is a certain radial gap between the dynamic magnetic ring 35 and the fixed magnetic ring 28. A shaft end retainer 32 is arranged below the dynamic retainer 33, and a pump shaft 25 is installed in the center hole of the dynamic retainer 33.
[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, four annular grooves are evenly opened in the circumferential direction of the lower bearing ring 36 and the upper bearing ring 27, each of which is provided with a fixed magnetic ring 28 made of NdFeB permanent magnets, and an electromagnetic coil 29 is wound around the outer side of the annular groove. The open-center structure can be used to perform functional inspection or disassembly and replacement of the fixed magnetic ring 28 and the electromagnetic coil 29 by simply removing the stud 37 used for fixing.
[0033] When installing the hybrid magnetic bearing assembly 16, the fixed magnetic ring 28 is clamped in the radial annular groove of the lower bearing ring 36, and then the upper bearing ring 27 is aligned with the lower bearing ring 36, and the electromagnetic coil 29 is put around each radial annular groove, and then matched and connected with the upper bearing box 26 and the lower bearing box 34 through the studs 37, and at the same time, the inside of the bearing box is filled with oil to achieve pressure balance with the outside world.
[0034] When the pump shaft 25 is not disturbed, the pump shaft 25 is in a balanced state under the action of the static magnetic field repulsion generated by the fixed magnetic ring 28 and the dynamic magnetic ring 35. And due to the symmetry of the overall structure, the magnetic flux generated by the fixed magnetic ring 28 and the dynamic magnetic ring 35 is equal in the two air gaps on the left and right pump shafts 25. And when the pump shaft 25 is disturbed in one direction in the balanced state, the radial air gap changes, causing the magnetic flux changes in the air gaps on the left and right of the fixed magnetic ring 28 and the dynamic magnetic ring 35. At this time, the magnetic flux generated by the corresponding air gap can be increased by increasing the current of one or more electromagnetic coils in the disturbance direction, generating corresponding electromagnetic forces to adjust the position change of the pump shaft 25 and return it to a balanced and stable position. The use of this structure can greatly increase the service life and reduce wear of the pump shaft 25 due to its contactless rotation. On the other hand, the speed of the pump shaft 25 is no longer limited by ordinary mechanical bearings, greatly improving work efficiency.
[0035] like Figure 1As shown, the overall working principle of the device is as follows: liquid enters the water inlet section 18, and first enters the lower impeller group 12 through the water collecting channel 13 under the action of the double-suction impeller 14, where large particles can be broken up under the action of the large-area blades of the double-suction impeller 14, and then enters the water collecting channel 13 connected to the upper impeller group 7 upward with the liquid under the action of the lower impeller group 12, and then enters the water outlet channel formed by the transition casing 6 and the submersible motor through the action of the upper impeller group 7 again. In the process of passing through the submersible motor, most of the heat generated by the high-speed operation of the motor can be taken away, and finally reaches the outlet pump casing 1 and is discharged.
[0036] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front, and places the submersible pump at the lower end of the submersible motor to realize the low water level water absorption function; and the discharged water flows around the motor barrel, taking away most of the heat generated when the motor is working; at the same time, due to the use of double-suction impellers and hybrid magnetic bearings, the probability of sediment blockage can be reduced, the axial force of the pump shaft and bearing wear can be reduced, the working efficiency of the pump can be improved, and its service life can be extended.
[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor, characterized in that: It comprises a submersible pump and a submersible motor arranged above the submersible pump, a water guide pump housing is arranged outside the submersible motor, and a water outlet channel is arranged between the water guide pump housing and the outside of the submersible motor, and the water outlet channel is connected with the water outlet circuit of the submersible pump; The submersible pump comprises a submersible pump casing and a pump shaft arranged in the pump casing, an upper impeller group, a lower impeller group and a double-suction impeller are arranged on the pump shaft, a bearing box is arranged below the submersible pump, and a hybrid magnetic bearing assembly and a spherical support are arranged in the bearing box; The submersible pump and the submersible motor are sealed and connected via a mechanical seal and a coupling.
2. A high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and a front-mounted motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water guide pump housing includes two intermediate housings, a water outlet pump housing and a transition housing. The transition housing is configured as an annular jacket-like structure. The large end opening of the transition housing is connected to the submersible motor, and the small end opening of the transition housing is connected to the submersible pump. The transition housing is connected to both the water outlet flow channel and the water outlet circuit. A water drop-shaped check valve is provided in the water outlet pump housing.
3. The high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and a front-mounted motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The submersible motor comprises a stator barrel, a rotor shaft is arranged inside the stator barrel, a rotor aluminum ingot is arranged on the rotor shaft, a stator sheet is arranged around the outer periphery of the rotor aluminum ingot, and the stator sheet is fixed on the stator barrel; Both ends of the rotor shaft are connected to the submersible motor through upper guide bearings.
4. The high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and a front-mounted motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water inlet node is arranged at the bottom of the pump casing of the submersible pump, the double-suction impeller and the water collecting channel are arranged above the water inlet node, the lower impeller group and the upper impeller group are arranged above the water collecting channel, an intermediate sleeve is arranged between the upper impeller group and the lower impeller group, the intermediate sleeve is arranged on the pump shaft, and an intermediate guide bearing is arranged outside the intermediate sleeve.
5. The high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and a front-mounted motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper impeller assembly includes an upper guide vane and an upper water outlet guide vane, and the lower impeller assembly includes a lower guide vane and a lower water outlet guide vane; The blades of the upper impeller group are oriented upward, and the blades of the lower impeller group are oriented downward. The blades of the lower impeller group and the blades of the upper impeller group rotate in opposite directions.
6. The high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and a front-mounted motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positive and negative blades of the double-suction impeller have large areas and opposite rotation directions, and the blades of the double-suction impeller close to one end of the water collecting channel have the same rotation direction as the lower impeller group.
7. The high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and a front-mounted motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing box comprises an upper bearing box body and a lower bearing box body, wherein an upper bearing ring and a lower bearing ring are arranged in the center holes of the upper bearing box body and the lower bearing box body, and the upper bearing ring, the lower bearing ring, the lower bearing box body and the upper bearing box body are fixedly connected by studs; A rear bearing pressure cover is arranged above the upper bearing housing, a front bearing pressure cover is arranged below the lower bearing housing, and an isolation oil chamber is formed inside the bearing housing.
8. The high-efficiency submersible pump with a lower pump and an upper motor in front according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hybrid magnetic bearing assembly comprises a rotor magnetic isolation ring and a dynamic retainer, wherein the dynamic retainer is arranged in the center holes of the upper bearing ring and the lower bearing ring, a dynamic magnetic ring is arranged between the dynamic retainer and the rotor magnetic isolation ring, a shaft end retainer is arranged below the dynamic retainer, and the pump shaft is arranged in the center hole of the dynamic retainer; A plurality of annular grooves are provided in the circumferential direction of the lower bearing ring and the upper bearing ring, a fixed magnetic ring is arranged in each of the annular grooves, and an electromagnetic coil is wound around the outer side of the annular groove.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
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