Electric shovel bucket GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding optimization process based on finite element method design

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric shovel bucket GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding optimization process designed based on a finite element method. The process aims at solving the problems that an electric shovel bucket welded by ZGMn13Mo / A514 is abraded and cracked due to overhigh welding residual stress and deformation in the using process, and the welding process is high in optimization cost, high in difficulty and the like. Based on a finite element method, numerical simulation and verification are conducted on the bucket tooth and bucket body GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding process, the welding residual stress and deformation under different welding sequences are analyzed and compared, finally, an optimal process for controlling the welding residual stress and deformation of the electric shovel bucket to be optimal is obtained, and skip welding is conducted in a segmented mode. According to the process, the welding residual stress of the bucket teeth and the bucket body can be effectively reduced, so that the problems of abrasion cracking and even direct breakage of the electric shovel bucket in the using process are solved, and the product quality and the service life of the electric shovel bucket are improved. A new thought can be provided for prolonging the quality life of the bucket of the electric shovel and optimizing the design of a welding process in the industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of electric shovel bucket manufacturing, and in particular to a GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding optimization process for an electric shovel bucket designed based on a finite element method. Background Art

[0002] As the demand for ore raw materials increases, the demand and requirements for mining equipment are also increasing. As the main mechanical equipment, electric shovels are gradually replaced by large-sized electric shovels to meet mining needs. The electric shovel bucket is one of the main components of the electric shovel, which consists of a bucket body and bucket teeth. The bucket is the main consumable part of the electric shovel equipment, and its performance directly affects the mining efficiency.

[0003] At present, there are still some problems in the manufacturing and service of electric shovel buckets. On the one hand, cracks are prone to occur in the bucket teeth and bucket bodies during welding, and wear cracking or direct fracture is prone to occur during the use of electric shovel buckets. Welding residual stress and deformation are the main causes of cracking or fracture. On the other hand, for ZGMn13Mo / A514 dissimilar steel welding, due to the significant differences in thermal expansion coefficients and thermal conductivity between parent metals and between parent metals and filler materials, large welding stress and deformation are generated during welding, which reduces the strength of component welds and affects the performance of welded joints. The above phenomenon can be improved by adjusting welding process parameters. Due to its concentrated heat source and low line energy, gas metal arc welding is conducive to reducing crack generation during welding. The structure of the electric shovel bucket makes its welding mostly adopt multi-layer and multi-pass welding, while the research foundation of GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding of ZGMn13Mo / A514 dissimilar steel is weak.

[0004] In fact, for large equipment such as electric shovel buckets, achieving process optimization through experiments will face expensive experimental costs and extremely high difficulty. Based on finite element technology, welding process optimization can be completed quickly and reliably. Therefore, an electric shovel bucket GMAW welding optimization process is invented to reduce the welding residual stress and deformation of the electric shovel bucket. It is of great significance to improve the welding quality of the electric shovel bucket, reduce the probability of cracking or direct fracture during the use of the equipment, and thus increase the service life of the electric shovel bucket. It helps to improve the company's welding manufacturing digitalization level as well as economic benefits and market competitiveness. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a GMAW multi-layer multi-pass welding optimization process for electric shovel buckets designed based on the finite element method. The process is designed based on the finite element method, and its purpose is to reduce the welding residual stress and deformation of the electric shovel bucket, improve its welding quality and service life, and reduce the probability of cracking or direct fracture during service. It provides technical references for relevant practitioners to design and optimize structural welding processes, and provides new ideas for the upgrading and development of electric shovel bucket welding manufacturing in related enterprises.

[0006] The specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] An optimized GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding process for an electric shovel bucket designed based on the finite element method. The process is characterized by the following steps:

[0008] S1: Experimental design and experimental data acquisition for optimizing the combination of GMAW base layer welding process parameters and filler layer welding process parameters of the electric shovel bucket.

[0009] S2: Establishment and verification of heat source model for electric shovel bucket welding process.

[0010] S3: Finite element modeling of the shovel bucket welding process.

[0011] S4: Numerical simulation of the shovel bucket welding process and optimization process acquisition of different welding sequences.

[0012] Prior to this, the electric shovel bucket performs GMAW base layer welding process parameter and filling layer welding process parameter combination optimization test design and experimental data acquisition. Specifically: adopting reasonable welding process parameters is a prerequisite for the weldment to obtain good weld formation and welding joint performance. For the electric shovel bucket, the welds between the bucket teeth and the bucket body are the key welds that connect the bucket into a complete structure. For the base layer and the filling layer, there are many main parameters that affect their welding process, including welding current, welding voltage and welding speed. The present invention first adopts the orthogonal experimental method to design different welding parameter factors and different parameter value levels, and optimizes the welding process parameters of the base layer and the filling cover layer respectively, to obtain a welding process parameter combination with better weld formation and street performance, which is used for subsequent heat source model calibration and numerical simulation of the electric shovel bucket welding process.

[0013] Prior to this, the heat source model of the electric shovel bucket welding process is established and verified. Specifically: First, based on the cross-sectional molten pool morphology of the welded joint under the optimal welding process parameter combination of the base layer and the filling cover layer, a welding heat source model with corresponding feature matching is selected. Furthermore, according to the test conditions of the welding process parameter optimization, a thick plate finite element model is established and a heat source model is applied to perform numerical simulation of the welding process. By comparing the welding thermal cycle temperature curves of the corresponding positions obtained by numerical simulation and experiment, the accuracy of the heat source model parameters and the reliability of the finite element modeling process are verified.

[0014] Prioritize the finite element modeling of the electric shovel bucket welding process. Specifically: First, according to the actual structure of the electric shovel bucket after welding, a 1:1 complete bucket geometry model is established, and the geometry model is simplified and cleaned accordingly. On this basis, the simplified geometry model is meshed to establish a high-quality bucket mesh model. Furthermore, bucket teeth, bucket body and welding wire material models are established, mainly including nonlinear parameter changes of parameters such as density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, Young's modulus, yield strength and Poisson's ratio within a certain temperature range. Finally, according to the actual welding process of the bucket and the constraint conditions, the initial conditions and boundary conditions of the finite element model of the bucket welding process are set.

[0015] Prioritize the numerical simulation of the electric shovel bucket welding process and the acquisition of optimized process with different welding sequences. Specifically: based on the structural characteristics of the bucket, different welding sequences are designed. The optimal combination of welding process parameters for the base layer and the filling layer obtained from the welding process test in S1 is used and the heat source model after verification is applied to quantitatively calculate and analyze the bucket welding temperature field, stress field and deformation under different schemes. By comparing the residual stress and deformation of the bucket welding under different welding sequences, the optimal welding process for controlling the residual stress and deformation of the bucket welding is obtained, specifically: the entire weld is divided into four sections, with a total of 60 welds, first welding the first section 1-15, then welding the third section 16-30, then welding the second section 31-45, and finally welding the fourth section 46-60, forming a skip welding method, and all welds are reverse welding.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following positive effects: the GMAW multi-layer multi-pass welding optimization process for electric shovel buckets designed based on the finite element method applied by the present invention can effectively reduce the welding residual stress and deformation of the electric shovel buckets, reduce the probability of cracks in the buckets during the production process, cracking or direct fracture during the service process, thereby improving the product quality and service life of the electric shovel buckets. At the same time, the present invention is designed based on the finite element method, which can not only reduce the process optimization cost and improve the welding quality, but also help the relevant staff to understand the physical nature of the welding process at a deeper level and intuitively realize the control of the stress and deformation of the component welding process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is the GMAW principle and weld bead distribution diagram;

[0018] Figure 2 This is the macroscopic morphology of the cross section of the base layer welding joint;

[0019] Figure 3 This is the macroscopic morphology of the cross section of the welding joint of the filling and covering layer;

[0020] Figure 4This is a comparison chart of the heat source model calibration for thick plate GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding;

[0021] Figure 5 Comparison of thermal cycle curves between test and simulation;

[0022] Figure 6 The three-dimensional geometric model structure diagram of the electric shovel bucket: (a) complete geometric model (b) simplified geometric model

[0023] Figure 7 It is the mesh model of the electric shovel bucket;

[0024] Figure 8 Thermophysical performance parameters of A514 steel, ZGMn13Mo high manganese steel and welding wire ER309L;

[0025] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the mechanical boundary conditions of the bucket;

[0026] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the optimization scheme for the welding sequence of the electric shovel bucket: (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4;

[0027] Fig.11 The equivalent stress distribution cloud diagram of the electric shovel bucket welding process under different schemes: (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4;

[0028] Fig.12 The final residual stress distribution cloud diagram of the electric shovel bucket under different schemes: (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4;

[0029] Fig.13 Comparison of peak residual stress of sub-components under different schemes;

[0030] Fig.14 The residual stress distribution curves of different paths of the electric shovel bucket under different schemes: (a) center of the weld surface (b) bucket tooth side (c) bucket inner surface (d) bucket outer surface;

[0031] Fig.15 This is the deformation distribution cloud diagram of multi-layer and multi-pass welding of the electric shovel bucket (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4;

[0032] Fig.16 Comparison of the maximum deformation of sub-components after welding under different schemes;

[0033] Fig.17 The welding deformation distribution curves of different paths of the electric shovel bucket under different schemes: (a) center of the weld surface (b) bucket tooth side (c) bucket body side (d) middle of the front end of the bucket body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples.

[0035] The present invention is described below based on examples. Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0036] Step 1: An optimized GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding process for an electric shovel bucket designed based on the finite element method. The process design is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. First, for the base layer, the welding process parameters of the base layer are designed based on the single variable method, and the influence of three variable factors, welding current, welding voltage and welding speed, on the quality of the welded joint is studied. The specific welding process parameter factors are shown in Table 1. During the base layer welding process, the welding gun is perpendicular to the workpiece surface, the walking angle is 90°, the wire feeding speed is set to automatic matching, 82% Ar + 18% CO2 is used as the shielding gas, and the gas flow rate is 25L / min. For the filling cover layer, the welding process parameters of the filling cover layer are designed based on the orthogonal experimental method. Three orthogonal factors, welding current, welding voltage and welding speed, are selected. Three different levels are selected in each factor to design a three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment. The specific factors and level table are shown in Table 2. According to the three-factor three-level design of the filling cover layer orthogonal test plan, the specific experimental plan is shown in Table 3.

[0037] Table 1 Base layer welding process test plan

[0038]

[0039] Table 2 Orthogonal experimental factors and levels of filling and covering layer

[0040]

[0041] Table 3 Orthogonal test scheme for filling and covering layer

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] Furthermore, the weld macroscopic morphologies of the base layer and the filling cover layer obtained from the welding process parameter optimization test are shown as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3The tensile strength is shown in Table 4 and Table 5, respectively, and the microhardness values ​​are shown in Table 6 and Table 7, respectively. The range method is used to analyze the influence of the three process parameters on the quality of the welded joint, so as to obtain the optimal welding process parameters, where A1, A2, and A3 represent welding currents of 220A, 240A, and 260A, respectively. B1, B2, and B3 represent welding voltages of 24V, 26V, and 28V, respectively, and C1, C2, and C3 represent welding speeds of 45cm / min, 50cm / min, and 55cm / min, respectively, as shown in Table 8.

[0045] Table 4 Room temperature tensile test results of base layer welding joint

[0046]

[0047] Table 5 Room temperature tensile test results of the filled cover layer welded joint

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Table 6 Average hardness values ​​of each area of ​​the cross section of the base layer welding joint

[0051]

[0052] Table 7 Average microhardness of each area of ​​the filling and covering layer

[0053]

[0054] Table 8 Range analysis table of orthogonal experiment of filling and covering layer

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Through comprehensive comparative analysis of the weld formation and joint performance of the base layer and the filling cover layer obtained from the welding process test, the optimal welding process parameter combination of the base layer and the filling cover layer is obtained, as shown in Tables 9 and 10. The above parameter combination is used for subsequent numerical simulation of the welding process and welding process test.

[0058] Table 9 Optimal welding process parameter combination for base layer

[0059]

[0060] Table 10 Optimal welding process parameter combination for filling and covering layer

[0061]

[0062] Step 2: According to the cross-sectional molten pool morphology of the joint under the optimal welding process parameter combination of the base layer and the filling cover layer obtained from the welding process test, the double ellipsoid heat source model is selected to perform the numerical simulation of the electric shovel bucket welding process. A finite element model of the thick plate welding process is established, and the cross-sectional molten pool contours obtained by comparison with the simulation are used to modify the heat source model parameters, such as Figure 4 Furthermore, a thermocouple was used to measure the thermal cycle curve of the thick plate welding process, and the corresponding point welding thermal cycle temperature curve in the numerical simulation results was extracted for comparison, as shown in Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the heat source model parameters are verified. It can be seen that the weld cross-section molten pool profile calculated by the verified heat source model is consistent with the joint molten pool morphology obtained in the test. The warm-heat cycle temperature curve of the test measurement point is consistent with the change trend of the finite element temperature field calculation result of the corresponding node. The reliability of the finite element modeling process in the present invention and the accuracy of the selection and verification of the welding heat source model are verified.

[0063] Step 3: Based on the actual bucket model, a 1:1 bucket geometry model is established, and the geometry model is cleaned and simplified, such as Figure 6 As shown. Further, the simplified geometric model is meshed to establish the bucket mesh model, as shown in Figure 7 As shown. For the base materials A514 low alloy steel, ZGMn13Mo high manganese steel and ER309L stainless steel welding wire, the thermophysical performance parameters of the three metal materials at room temperature are first determined by consulting relevant literature and some experiments, and the various performance parameters of the three materials at high temperature are further determined by material performance simulation software, and the thermophysical parameters at ultra-high temperature are further extrapolated by finite element dedicated software, which are usually approximated to the thermophysical parameters at the final temperature calculated by the material performance simulation software to ensure the convergence of the calculation. Finally, the thermophysical performance parameters of A514 low alloy steel, ZGMn13Mo high manganese steel and ER309L stainless steel welding wire are established, as shown in Figure 8 shown.

[0064] Furthermore, according to the actual welding conditions of the electric shovel bucket, the welding process is carried out at room temperature and there is no preheating before welding, so the thermal initial condition of the thick plate finite element model is set to room temperature 25°C, which is the same as the temperature of the surrounding medium. No load was applied to the electric shovel bucket before welding, so the stress and deformation of the finite element model at the initial moment were both 0. According to the actual welding conditions and the built-in thermal boundary conditions of the software, the thermal boundary conditions of the electric shovel bucket finite element model are set to free cooling. A cooling time of 300s is set after each weld, and a cooling time of 6000s is set for the last weld to ensure that it is completely cooled to room temperature. In order to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of the finite element model of the electric shovel bucket, the same welding process parameters as the thick plate multi-layer and multi-pass welding finite element model are adopted. In addition, in order to better fit the actual welding conditions, life and death units are set for each weld. The mechanical boundary conditions mainly consider the tooling constraints of the workbench and fixture on the bucket. The mechanical boundary conditions are set as follows: Fig. 9 shown.

[0065] Step 4: Based on the structural characteristics of the bucket and the operability of actual production, four welding process schemes with different welding sequences were designed, such as Fig.10 As shown. In scheme 1, 15 welds are welded in sequence in the forward direction; scheme 2 is reciprocating welding, that is, after welding one weld, the next weld is welded in the opposite direction, and finally the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th and 15th welds are welded in the forward direction, and the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th welds are welded in the reverse direction; scheme 3 is synchronous welding, that is, the entire weld is divided into two sections from the middle, and welded from the middle to both ends at the same time, with a total of 30 welds, the 1st to 15th welds are welded in the reverse direction, and the 16th to 30th welds are welded in the forward direction; scheme 4 is segmented back-and-forth welding, that is, the entire weld is divided into four sections, with a total of 60 welds, first welding the first section 1-15, then welding the third section 16-30, then welding the second section 31-45, and finally welding the fourth section 46-60, forming a skip welding method, and all welds are reversely welded.

[0066] Furthermore, four schemes are set in the bucket finite element model, and the temperature field, stress field and deformation of the bucket welding process under different sequences are quantitatively calculated and analyzed. First, the equivalent stress distribution cloud diagram of the bucket under the four schemes is extracted, such as Fig.11 As shown. It can be seen that the segmented back-off welding has the maximum equivalent stress. The equivalent stress distribution cloud diagrams after the bucket is cooled to room temperature and the fixture is released under the four schemes are further extracted, as shown in Fig.12As shown. It can be seen that the stress distribution laws of Scheme 1, Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 are basically similar, while in Scheme 4, due to the large number of arc starting points and arc extinction points, the heat input instability factor becomes complicated, so the stress distribution is more complicated than the other three schemes, but the residual stress of the four schemes is mainly concentrated in the weld and its vicinity. The peak residual stress of Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 is 416.6MPa and 412.7MPa, both located at the bottom of the bucket tooth.

[0067] Near the middle of the first section of the weld; the peak residual stress in Scheme 4 is 405.2MPa, located at the bottom of the bucket tooth near the end of the third section of arc extinction. It can be seen that with the change of welding sequence and segmented welding, the maximum residual stress of the electric shovel bucket is reduced. Among them, the peak residual stress under the segmented back-off welding method of Scheme 4 is reduced most significantly, by 16.2MPa. Further extraction and comparison of the peak residual stress of the weld, bucket tooth and bucket body sub-components are performed, as shown in the figure. Fig.13 As shown in the figure, it can be seen that compared with Scheme 1, the residual stress peaks of the other three schemes are reduced in different parts, and Scheme 4 has the largest reduction in residual stress peaks compared with Schemes 2 and 3. We further selected four path units, namely, the center of the weld surface, the bucket teeth near the weld, and the inner and outer surfaces of the bucket body, extracted the stress values ​​of all path units, and drew the residual stress distribution curve for comparative analysis, as shown in Figure 1. Fig.14 As shown. It can be seen that the residual stress of the bucket teeth and bucket body of Scheme 2, Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 is significantly reduced, while only Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 show a significant reduction in the weld part. In terms of the reduction of residual stress of the overall component, the order of the significant degree of reduction of residual stress level is Scheme 4>Scheme 3>Scheme 2>Scheme 1, that is, segmented back-out welding can control the residual stress level to the greatest extent.

[0068] Furthermore, the deformation cloud diagrams of the bucket after cooling to room temperature and the fixture being released under the four schemes are extracted, as shown in Fig. Fig.15 As shown. The deformation distribution rules of Scheme 1, Scheme 2 and Scheme 3 are basically similar, that is, the deformation in the middle of the weld and its vicinity is significant, and the deformation of the bucket tooth is greater than that of the weld and the bucket body. In Scheme 4, the deformation is asymmetrically distributed, and the deformation of the second section of the weld and its vicinity is significant. The maximum deformation of Schemes 1, 2, and 3 are 4.53mm, 4.20mm, and 4.11mm, respectively, all located in the middle of the bottom end of the bucket tooth; the maximum deformation in Scheme 4 is 3.65mm, located at the bottom end of the bucket tooth near the arc starting end of the second section of the weld. The maximum deformation of the weld, bucket tooth, and bucket body sub-components after welding is further compared, as shown in the figure. Fig.16As shown. It can be seen that compared with Scheme 1, the maximum deformation of each sub-component of the electric shovel bucket in Scheme 2, Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 is reduced, among which Scheme 4 is more significantly reduced. Further, firstly, the center of the weld surface along the welding direction and the bucket tooth and bucket body path nodes near the weld are selected, and then the middle path node of the bucket body front end perpendicular to the welding direction is selected, and the deformation of all path nodes is extracted and the residual stress distribution curve is drawn for comparative analysis, as shown in Fig.17 As shown. It can be seen that the welding deformation of the weld, bucket teeth and bucket body of Scheme 2, Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 is significantly reduced. The reduction effects of Scheme 2 and 3 are basically similar. The reduction degree of the welding deformation of the overall component of Scheme 4 is the most significant, that is, the segmented back-off welding can better control the welding deformation. The average deformation value of each path is further counted. Paths 1, 2, and 3 are the average deformation values ​​of the weld surface center, bucket teeth and bucket body along the welding direction, respectively. Path 4 is the average deformation value of the bucket body in the direction perpendicular to the weld. The results are shown in Table 11.

[0069] Table 11 Average path deformation values ​​under different schemes

[0070]

[0071] Furthermore, in summary, compared with Scheme 1, the maximum deformation of each sub-component of the electric shovel bucket of Scheme 2, Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 is reduced, among which Scheme 4 is more significantly reduced. Through the deformation curves of the weld and the bucket teeth and bucket bodies nearby, it is found that the welding deformation of the weld, bucket teeth and bucket bodies of Schemes 2, 3 and 4 is significantly reduced. The reduction effects of Schemes 2 and 3 are basically similar. The degree of reduction in the welding deformation of the overall components of Scheme 4 is the most significant, that is, the segmented back-off welding can better control the welding deformation. Comprehensively considering the control effect of the residual stress and welding deformation of the overall components, it is found that the welding sequence of Scheme 4 is the best optimization scheme.

[0072] The present invention provides an important technical application reference for promoting the finite element method and numerical simulation technology in the field of electric shovel bucket manufacturing. For relevant manufacturing enterprises, the electric shovel bucket welding optimization process proposed in the present invention can effectively reduce the electric shovel bucket welding residual stress and deformation, improve the electric shovel bucket welding quality and service life, and has certain guiding significance and economic value. The present invention can also provide certain reference and reference for the welding production and manufacturing of similar welding structures.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimized GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding process for an electric shovel bucket designed based on the finite element method, characterized in that The steps are: S1: Experimental design and experimental data acquisition for optimizing the combination of GMAW base layer welding process parameters and filler layer welding process parameters for the electric shovel bucket; S2: Establishment and verification of heat source model for electric shovel bucket welding process; S3: Finite element modeling of the shovel bucket welding process; S4: Numerical simulation of the shovel bucket welding process and optimization process acquisition of different welding sequences.

2. The GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding optimization process for an electric shovel bucket designed based on the finite element method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1: In the test design and experimental data acquisition of the GMAW base layer welding process parameters and the filling layer welding process parameters of the electric shovel bucket, the obtained base layer process parameters are: welding current 200A, welding voltage 22V, welding speed 40cm / min; the obtained filling layer process parameters are welding current 240A, welding voltage 24V, welding speed 50cm / min; the GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding optimization process for the electric shovel bucket designed based on the finite element method as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S2: In the establishment and verification of the heat source model of the electric shovel bucket welding process, the finite element modeling of the electric shovel bucket welding process, the numerical simulation of the electric shovel bucket welding process and the optimization process acquisition of different welding sequences, the finite element model and heat source model of the electric shovel bucket welding process are established, The quantitative calculation of the electric shovel bucket welding process and the model reliability verification have been completed. Based on the above model and method, the electric shovel bucket welding process optimization can be realized intuitively, quickly and accurately; the electric shovel bucket GMAW multi-layer and multi-pass welding optimization process designed based on the finite element method as described in claim 1 is characterized in that: in step S4, in the numerical simulation of the electric shovel bucket welding process and the acquisition of the optimization process of different welding sequences, the simulated optimal welding process for reducing the residual stress and deformation of the electric shovel bucket welding is: segmented back-trip welding, specifically, the entire weld is divided into four sections, with a total of 60 welds, first welding the first section 1-15, then welding the third section 16-30, then welding the second section 31-45, and finally welding the fourth section 46-60, forming a skip welding method, and all welds are reverse welding.

Images