Method and apparatus for magnetic propulsion system

Abstract

A propulsion system comprising: a fan blade housing; a plurality of fan blades within the fan blade housing; the one or more rows of permanent magnets are fixed on the outer side of the fan blade shell; one or more fan blade bearings; and the one or more magnetic field generators are fixed on the one or more fan blade bearings and correspond to the one or more rows of permanent magnets, and the magnetic field generators are configured to enable the permanent magnets to be propelled forwards in the same direction, so that the fan blade shells connected with the permanent magnets and the internal fan blades rotate.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of the invention patent with application number 2020800135924, application date February 14, 2020, and invention name “Method and device for magnetic propulsion system”. Technical Field

[0002] Embodiments described herein relate to generating magnetic fields, and more particularly to generating magnetic fields having multiple polarities. Background Art

[0003] Various magnets, such as permanent magnets, electromagnets, and superconducting magnets, produce two magnetic poles of opposite polarity on opposite sides. This can be seen by referring to Figure 1 The bar magnet 100 shown is used for illustration. Figure 1 As shown, the bar magnet 100 has two magnetic poles: a south pole 102 and a north pole 104 , respectively. Figure 1 Also shown is a magnetic field 106 generated by the bar magnet 100 having a direction from the north pole 104 to the south pole 102 .

[0004] These magnetic poles have the ability to repel and attract. For example, if the north pole of a second bar magnet were to be brought close to, for example, the south pole 102 of magnet 100, magnet 100 would attract the second magnet. Conversely, if the south pole of the second magnet were to be brought close to the south pole 102 of magnet 100, magnet 100 would repel the second magnet. The north pole 104 of magnet 100 would work in the opposite manner, repelling the north pole of the second magnet and attracting the south pole of the second magnet.

[0005] While the above properties of magnets can be used to create devices, it can also limit their usefulness or at least their efficiency. This can be illustrated by the stator / rotor combination of an electric motor.

[0006] Figure 2 A block diagram is presented showing a plurality of magnets 202 forming a stator ring and a rotor magnet 204 located in the middle of the stator ring. Figure 2 As shown, each of the magnets 202 (i.e., 202a-202d) has a south pole and a north pole arranged as shown, and the rotor magnet 204 has poles arranged as shown. During operation, the south poles of the stator magnets 202a and 202d will repel the south pole of the rotor magnet 204, while the north poles of the stator magnets 202b and 202c will attract the south pole of the rotor magnet 204. At the same time, the north poles of the stator magnets 202b and 202c will repel the north pole of the rotor magnet 204, while the south poles of the stator magnets 202d and 202a will attract the north pole of the rotor magnet 204. The cumulative effect causes the rotor magnet 204 to rotate clockwise about the axis 205. Unfortunately, as Figure 2As shown, each stator magnet 202 creates a second pole outside of an unused stator ring. Thus, the overall utilization of the stator's available magnetic field is at most 50%. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] In one aspect, a propulsion system includes: a fan blade housing; a plurality of fan blades within the fan blade housing; one or more rows of permanent magnets secured to the outside of the fan blade housing; one or more fan blade bearings; and one or more magnetic field generators secured to the one or more fan blade bearings and corresponding to the one or more rows of permanent magnets, the magnetic field generators being configured to propel the permanent magnets forward in the same direction, thereby causing the fan blade housing to which they are connected and the fan blades therein to rotate.

[0009] These and other features, aspects, and embodiments are described in the section below entitled "Detailed Description." BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Features, aspects and embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 A conventional bar magnet with two poles is shown.

[0012] Figure 2 A block diagram illustrating a plurality of magnets forming a stator ring and a rotor magnet located in the middle of the stator ring is presented.

[0013] Figure 3 An exemplary apparatus is shown that may be used to form the proposed magnetic apparatus for generating a desired magnetic field pattern according to some embodiments described herein.

[0014] Figure 4A The diagram shows a Figure 3 A set of magnets in the magnet placement position of the base described in Figure 1 The field patterns shown are those expected to be produced by a magnetic device.

[0015] Figure 4B Figure 2 shows an exemplary field pattern actually produced by the device's magnet configuration and Figure 4A The expected field pattern is shown in .

[0016] Figure 5 Illustrated is an approximate field pattern of the proposed magnetic device including three primary fields according to some embodiments described herein.

[0017] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a method for performing a Figure 5 The multiple field patterns shown form an exemplary process for accelerating a magnetic field comprising an apparatus of magnets attached to a pole or other stabilizing device.

[0018] Fig. 7A A magnetic rotor-stator device according to some embodiments described herein is illustrated, comprising a circular array of magnetic field generating devices configured as a stator to drive a rotor wheel about a shaft comprising a circular array of magnets attached to the rotor wheel by a set of rods.

[0019] Figure 7B An alternative magnetic rotor-stator arrangement according to some embodiments described herein is illustrated, comprising a circular array of magnetic field generating devices attached to a central axis that serves as a rotor and a set of magnets attached to the outside of the rotor-stator arrangement by a corresponding set of rods and serving as a stator.

[0020] Figure 7C The diagram shows Figure 7B Another embodiment of the magnetic rotor-stator arrangement of the magnetic rotor-stator arrangement described in .

[0021] Fig. 8A The electromagnetic device is shown in its initial position prior to entering the first north pole of field pattern 500a.

[0022] Figure 8B The electromagnetic device is shown fully entering the first north pole field after being attracted by the first north pole of field pattern 500a.

[0023] Figure 8C The electromagnetic device is shown having moved from a first north pole field to a south pole field in the middle of field pattern 500a under the attraction of the south pole.

[0024] Fig.8D The electromagnetic device is shown to have fully entered the field 510a and the polarity of the device remains the same.

[0025] Fig. 8E The electromagnetic device is illustrated as having entered the second north pole field 508a in the field pattern 500a and the polarity of the device 800 remains the same.

[0026] Figure 8F The electromagnetic device is shown switching the polarity from south-north back to north-south again.

[0027] Figure 8G The electromagnetic device is illustrated moving into the first north pole field of the second field pattern 500b after switching polarity.

[0028] Figure 8H Illustrating that the electromagnetic device has been switched again from north-south back to north-south to facilitate movement of the device through the second south pole field of field pattern 500b.

[0029] Fig.9AAn exemplary embodiment of the proposed magnetic field generating device is illustrated, which includes a base having a parabolic inner wall and a set of magnets mounted in a corresponding set of magnet placement locations within the inner wall.

[0030] Fig. 9B An alternative magnetic field generating arrangement using surface mounted magnets according to some embodiments described herein is illustrated.

[0031] Fig. 10A A cross-sectional view of another example of the proposed magnetic device is shown, comprising two similarly sized openings and an associated field pattern with three poles, according to some embodiments described herein.

[0032] Fig. 10B A perspective view of a magnetic device having two transition boundaries at two openings is shown according to some embodiments described herein.

[0033] Fig. 10C Magnetic levitation using a magnetic device 1000 is shown, wherein two permanent magnets 1 and 2 are suspended at two transition boundaries, Position 1 and Position 2, according to some embodiments described herein.

[0034] Fig.11A -G shows a fan or propulsion system constructed using the magnetic device described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0036] Some embodiments described herein relate to an apparatus or device including a plurality of magnets positioned to form a parabolic shape. The magnets may be permanent magnets, electromagnetic magnets, superconducting magnets, or some combination thereof. When the magnets are positioned in the parabolic shape described herein, they may generate two primary magnetic force fields of the same polarity extending outward from the device in opposite directions, and a third magnetic field substantially located in the center of the device having an opposite polarity.

[0037] Figure 3 An exemplary device 300 is shown that can be used to form the proposed magnetic device for generating a desired magnetic field pattern according to some embodiments described herein. Figure 3As shown, the device 300 includes a base 302 having an annular geometry that includes at least two openings. More specifically, the base 302 has an upper surface 307, a lower surface 305, and an inner wall 311 and an outer wall 313 sandwiched between the surfaces 305 and 307. The upper surface 307 also includes an opening 308, which in this case has a circular shape, while the lower surface 305 includes an opening 310, which also has a circular shape in the illustrated embodiment. Notably, the opening 308 in the upper surface 307 has a larger diameter than the opening 310 in the lower surface 305. Therefore, the inner wall 311 can have a parabolic shape or an angled shape. Although Figure 3 The base 302 in the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown as having a ring / circular shape, other embodiments of the device 300 may have a base with other closed shapes having a non-circular opening, for example, including but not limited to a square, pentagonal, hexagonal or other polygonal shaped opening. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the use of Figure 3 Ring base shown.

[0038] The base 302 also includes a plurality of magnet placement locations 304, each of which can accommodate a magnet. Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of magnet placement locations 304 are located between the inner wall 311 and the outer wall 313 and are spaced approximately evenly around the annular base 302. For example, the distance between a pair of adjacent magnet placement locations can be represented as "d". However, in some other embodiments, a plurality of magnet placement locations 304 can be positioned around the annular base 302 at uneven spacings. Note that each magnet placement location 304 includes an opening on the inner wall 311 for receiving a magnet. Therefore, if the inner wall 311 has a parabolic shape or an angled shape, the opening of each magnet placement location 304 can also have a parabolic shape or an angled shape. In such an embodiment, due to the parabolic or angled shape of the inner wall 311, each magnet placement location 304 can have an upper portion 312 that is thinner than a lower portion 314.

[0039] In some embodiments, the back wall of each magnet placement location 304, which is embedded in the solid portion of the base 302, can be arranged at an angle relative to the outer wall 313 of the base 302. In these embodiments, the surface of the magnet to be installed in the magnet placement location 304 can also have a parabolic or angled shape. In some embodiments, the base of the proposed magnetic device uses a set of magnet placement locations around the inner wall, rather than using magnet placement locations configured as grooves in the inner wall. These magnet placement locations can be used to accommodate surface mounted magnets, as described below in conjunction with Fig.9A and 9B Described in more detail.

[0040] In some embodiments, the base 302 also includes a gap 306 formed as a solid ring structure of the base 302, and the solid ring structure of the base 302 connects the center of the base 302 to the space outside the base 302. The function and purpose of this gap 306 are described in more detail below. Although not explicitly shown, each magnet placement location 304 can accommodate a magnet. When the magnet is properly installed in the magnet placement location 304, the proposed magnetic device 300 is formed.

[0041] Figure 4A A magnetic device 400 is shown in which a set of magnets 402 (ie, 402a and 402b) are mounted on Figure 3 The magnet placement position 304 of the base 302 described in Figure 1 302. The field pattern expected to be generated in the case of the field pattern shown. It is worth noting that in the exemplary device 400, the north pole of each magnet 402 faces the center of the base 302 and is located closer to the upper surface of the base 302, while the south pole of each magnet 402 faces the position away from the center of the base 302 and is positioned closer to the lower surface of the base 302. Therefore, each of the magnets 402 is placed so that the axis of the magnet connecting the north pole and the south pole of the magnet (shown as a dotted line passing through the magnet 402) is at an angle relative to the upper surface and the lower surface. In various embodiments, the angle formed between the axis of the magnet connecting the north pole and the south pole and the upper surface and the lower surface is between 0 and 90 degrees. In various embodiments, the group of magnets can include two, three or more separate permanent magnets. In some embodiments, the group of magnets forms a continuous magnetic structure around the inner wall.

[0042] exist Figure 4A In the device configuration shown, it is expected that the magnets will produce a magnetic field 404 having magnetic poles as shown, namely a combined north pole formed in the middle of the device 400 and two south poles formed at opposite ends of the device 400. However, as shown in FIG. Figure 4A The field patterns shown are not actually produced by device 400 based on the described configuration.

[0043] Figure 4B 400. Figure 4B The cross-sectional view of the device 400 is shown such that the right vertical edge of the device 400 corresponds to Figure 3 307 of the base 302 shown in FIG, while the left vertical edge of the device 400 corresponds to Figure 3 The lower surface 305 of the base 302 is shown in FIG. Figure 4BAs shown, three primary magnetic fields 406, 408, and 410 are generated. More specifically, a first primary field 410 having a magnetic south polarity rather than a magnetic north polarity is formed substantially in the middle of the base 302. In the illustrated embodiment, the field 410 is substantially located within an open space surrounded by an upper opening in the upper surface, a lower opening in the lower surface, and an inner wall of the base 302.

[0044] Also shown in Figure 4B , a second primary field 408 having a magnetic north pole is formed outward from the upper portion, i.e., the larger opening of the base 302 , and a third primary field 406 also having a magnetic north pole is formed outward from the lower portion, or smaller opening, of the base 302 and the opposite side of the primary field 410 .

[0045] In some embodiments, the boundary between the first primary field 410 and the second primary field 408 is near the larger opening of the base 302 (shown as the dark vertical line on the right), and the boundary between the first primary field 410 and the third primary field 406 is near the smaller opening of the annular base 302 (shown as the dark vertical line on the left). Also note that because the size of opening 308 is larger than the size of opening 310 (also indicated by the Figure 4B 406), the magnetic influence area of ​​the second magnetic field 408 may be significantly larger than the magnetic influence of the third magnetic field 406. In some embodiments, the openings 308 and 310 of the base 302 can be configured to a desired size and geometry for controlling the magnetic influence area of ​​each of the second magnetic field 408 and the third magnetic field 406.

[0046] Although the exemplary device 400 is configured to form a magnetic south pole between two magnetic north poles, alternative designs of the device 400 may be used with Figure 4B In such a design, three primary magnetic fields 406', 408' and 410' are generated, so that the first primary magnetic field 410' of magnetic north is formed substantially in the middle of the base 302, and the second primary magnetic field 408' and the third primary field 406 of magnetic south are formed on both sides of the first primary field 410.

[0047] Also shown in Figure 4B In addition to the three main fields 406-410, there may be some additional field effects 412 and 414. However, for the purpose of this discussion, the fields generated by the device 400 can be approximated by the three main fields mentioned above. Figure 5 An approximate field pattern 500 of a magnetic device 400 including three primary fields 406-410 is shown according to some embodiments described herein. Figure 5As shown, the field pattern 500 generated by the device 400 includes two north poles on either side and one south pole between the two north poles. The disclosed field characteristics of the device 400 can be used in various applications to achieve various benefits, for example, when used in electric motors, to improve the efficiency of the electric motor.

[0048] As above combined Figure 3 As depicted, the base 302 of the apparatus 300 or 400 may also include a gap 306 within the base 302. Such a gap may be used in an exemplary application to accelerate another magnet. Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a method for performing a Figure 5 The plurality of field patterns 500 are shown forming a magnetic field 606 that accelerates an exemplary process of an apparatus 600 that includes a magnet 602 attached to a rod 604 or other stabilizing device.

[0049] More specifically, magnetic field 606 includes an array of field patterns 500a and 500b, each of which consists of Figure 4A and Figure 4B 606. The device 400 includes a base 302 and a set of magnets 402. Note that arrays of devices 400 that generate magnetic fields 606 can be placed in series, or linked to each other. Although only two field patterns 500a and 500b are shown, more than two instances of the device 400 can be placed together to form a longer array of devices 400, thereby generating a corresponding longer array of field patterns 500 to accelerate the magnets 600 over a longer distance. For example, the longer array of devices 400 can be configured in a circular pattern, such as Figure 6 , which includes seven instances of field pattern 500. In this embodiment, magnet 602 can be accelerated / propelled in a circular motion around circular path 608. In another embodiment, multiple field patterns 500 can be configured in a linear manner to accelerate / propel magnet 602 along a linear path (not shown). In all of these embodiments, as magnet 602 passes through the array of field patterns 500, a relatively narrow rod 604 can pass through each gap 306 of each base 302 of each instance of device 400, while a wider magnet 602 passes through the opening of each base 302 in the middle of the base 302.

[0050] We now examine in more detail how magnet 602 is accelerated through field 606. Figure 6 As shown, when magnet 602 is initially located to the left of field pattern 500a, the south pole of magnet 602 will be attracted to the north pole of field 506a of field pattern 500a. This interaction can cause device 600 to accelerate to Figure 6506a, field 506a begins to repel the north pole of magnet 602, causing magnet 602 to accelerate further to the right. If magnet 602 was initially accelerated enough to overcome the repulsive effect of the south pole, i.e., field 510a of field pattern 500a on the south pole of magnet 602, then field 510a will begin to repel the south pole of magnet 602 while continuing to attract the north pole of magnet 602. At the same time, the second north pole, i.e., field 508a of field pattern 500a, begins to attract the south pole of magnet 602. Once magnet 602 enters field 508a, field 508a will begin to repel the north pole of magnet 602, causing magnet 602 to continue to accelerate to the right to exit field pattern 500a.

[0051] Thus, the interaction between the three primary fields in field pattern 500a and the poles of magnet 602 can cause device 600 to Figure 6 604, allowing the device 600 to move unimpeded through the first instance of the device 400 that generates the field pattern 500a. Next, the process continues with the second instance of the device 400 represented by the field pattern 500b placed or linked in series with the first instance of the device 400. Multiple instances of the device 400 can be linked in a variety of configurations, including but not limited to circular or linear arrays as described below.

[0052] Fig. 7A A magnetic rotor-stator device 710 is illustrated, according to some embodiments described herein, comprising a circular array of magnetic field generating devices 410a-4101 configured as a stator to drive a rotor wheel 704 about an axis 702, the axis 702 comprising a circular array of magnets 700a-7001 attached to the rotor wheel 704 by a set of rods 706a-7061. Although the magnetic rotor-stator device 710 comprises more Figure 6 The exemplary system shown in FIG. 1 has many more instances of magnetic field generating devices 400 and many more magnets 700, and the drive mechanism is essentially combined with the above Figure 6 As the rotor wheel 704 rotates, each thin rod 706 may pass through each gap 306 (not shown) of each base 302 of each device 410 , while each magnet 700 passes through an opening of each base 302 in the middle of each base 302 .

[0053] Figure 7B An alternative magnetic rotor-stator arrangement 720 is illustrated according to some embodiments described herein, which includes a circular array of magnetic field generating devices 420a-420h attached to a central axis 712 that serves as a rotor, while a set of magnets 714a-714h are attached to the outside of the rotor-stator arrangement 720 via a corresponding set of rods 716a-716h and serve as a stator.

[0054] Figure 7C The diagram shows Figure 7B Another embodiment of the magnetic rotor-stator arrangement 730 of the magnetic rotor-stator arrangement 720 described in FIG. Figure 7C As shown in FIG. 1 , the magnetic rotor-stator device 730 includes a set of identical sub-sections 730a to 730e, and the construction of each sub-section 730 is similar to that of FIG. Figure 7B The magnetic rotor-stator arrangement 720 described in is similar.

[0055] In some embodiments, if Figure 6 If the magnet 602 in the embodiment is an electromagnet, then the polarity of the magnet 602 can be advantageously switched or turned off to facilitate the above operation. Figures 8A-8H To illustrate, Figures 8A-8H The process of moving electromagnetic device 800 from left to right through an array of field patterns 500a - 500c of three instances of device 400 while switching the polarity of device 800 is described.

[0056] Fig. 8A The diagram shows the initial position of the electromagnetic device 800 before entering the first north pole of the field pattern 500a. Fig. 8A As shown, device 800 may have a north-south magnetic polarity orientation as shown, such that it will move from left to right under the influence of field pattern 500a as described above. Figure 8B The electromagnetic device 800 is shown fully entering the north pole field 506a after being attracted by the first north pole of the field pattern 500a. More specifically, Figure 8B 5 , the polarity of device 800 has just been switched from the initial north-south orientation to the north-south orientation to facilitate the device 800 to easily move into and through the south pole in the middle of field pattern 500a. This first switching operation may be useful when the north pole of field pattern 500a does not provide enough momentum to overcome the repulsive force from the south pole of field pattern 500a.

[0057] Figure 8C The electromagnetic device 800 is shown to have moved from field 506a to south pole field 510a in the middle of field pattern 500a under the attraction of the south pole, while Fig.8D It is illustrated that electromagnetic device 800 has fully entered field 510a and the polarity of device 800 remains the same.

[0058] Fig. 8EThe electromagnetic device 800 is illustrated as having entered the second north pole field 508a in field pattern 500a and the polarity of the device 800 remains the same. Note that when the device 800 exits the south pole field 510a and enters the north pole field 508a, there is a point where the north pole field 506b of the next field pattern 500b has not yet begun to push back on the device 800. In one embodiment, this is the point where the north pole of the device 800 remains interacting with the north pole field 506a of the field pattern 500a. This may be a desired time point to switch the polarity of the device 800 from north-south back to north-south or to turn off the electromagnetic all together and allow it to coast.

[0059] Figure 8F The electromagnetic device 800 is shown to switch polarity again from north-south back to north-south, and as a result, the north pole field 508a of the field pattern 500a will repel the north pole of the device 800 and the north pole field 506b of the field pattern 500b will attract the south pole of the device 800. It can be seen that this condition is similar to Fig. 8A , which directs device 800 to move into field 506b of field pattern 500b, such as Figure 8G As shown, the above process can be repeated. Figure 8H As shown, the polarity of device 800 is again switched from north-south back to north-south to facilitate movement of device 800 through second south polarity field 510b of field pattern 500b.

[0060] Combined with Figure 6 The switching operation combined with the above described shut-off electromagnet can make the operation more efficient compared to the non-switching process described. In various embodiments, the spacing between adjacent instances of the device 400 and the timing of the switching play an important role in the operation and the amount of improvement in the efficiency of the operation.

[0061] In an alternative embodiment of the above process, instead of switching the polarity of the electromagnet 800, the magnetism can be briefly turned off at certain points in the process to facilitate the movement of the electromagnetic device 800 from pole to pole. Figure 8B In the embodiment of the present invention, instead of switching, the magnetism of the electromagnetic device 800 can be turned off briefly to allow momentum to carry the electromagnetic device 800 into the south pole field 510a. After the electromagnetic device has fully entered the south pole, the magnetic force can be turned back on to activate the attraction between the south pole of the electromagnetic device 800 and the north pole field 508a and the repulsion between the south pole of the electromagnetic device 800 and the south pole field 510a, so that the electromagnetic device 800 is efficiently moved into the second north pole field 508a. In some other embodiments, the switching of polarity and the turning on and off of magnetism can be combined into the same operation.

[0062] It should also be noted that in certain embodiments the magnetic bar arrangements may actually be in a fixed position and the magnetic field generating arrangements may be configured to allow them to move from right to left under the same principle of interaction between magnetic fields.

[0063] Fig.9A Device 900A is illustrated, which is an exemplary embodiment of device 300 or device 400 that includes a base having a parabolic or angled interior wall and a set of magnets mounted within a corresponding set of magnet placement locations within the interior wall.

[0064] Fig. 9B An alternative magnetic field generating device 900B using surface mounted magnets is shown according to some embodiments described herein. Fig. 9B As shown, device 900B includes a base substantially identical to the base of device 900B. However, instead of using a magnet installed in a groove as in device 900A, device 900B uses a group of surface mounted magnets 902 directly attached to the inner wall surface of device 900B. It is worth noting that each of these magnets presents a parabolic shape of the inner wall. In some embodiments, each magnet 902 has a trapezoidal geometry to facilitate the maximum coverage of the inner wall. The coverage of this increase of the inner wall enables the production of a desired three-field magnetic field pattern with stronger intensity.

[0065] Return to reference Figure 4B ,like Figure 4B Another important aspect or characteristic of the device 400 shown in FIG. 4 relates to the interface of the north pole 406 and 408 and the south pole 410. Note that these two interfaces, located approximately at the two openings indicated by the two dark lines 416 and 418, are where the magnetic field changes polarity. Because the device 400 has these openings, objects can approach these interfaces or transition boundaries between the north pole and the south pole. Conversely, these locations are located at locations such as Figure 1 The bar magnets 100 in the permanent magnet are inaccessible because they are located inside the magnet itself.

[0066] The device 400 is configured such that if another magnet that is smaller than the openings 416 and 418 is inserted between the north pole 406 and the south pole 410 or between the north pole 408 and the south pole 410, respectively, the magnet will "align" just at the interface of the poles and hover or "suspend" over the opening 416 or 418. It is worth noting that this property is not affected by the orientation of the device 400, whether the device 400 is placed vertically or horizontally. If pressure is applied to the hovering magnet and then released, the magnet will tilt to return to substantially the same position. Therefore, this combination of magnet and device 400 can be used to create a force measurement transducer. In addition, the combined device can also be used to create other types of transducers, valves, speakers, microphones, pumps, etc. It is also noted that when the polarity of this combined device is suddenly retained, the aligned magnet will flip in the space in which it is suspended. This additional property can be used to create motors, fans, flow devices, and other devices that can take advantage of this property.

[0067] Fig. 10A A cross-sectional view of another example of the proposed magnetic device 1000 according to some embodiments described herein is shown, comprising two openings and an associated field pattern with three poles. In this figure, two transition boundaries are indicated as "Position 1" and "Position 2", respectively. Fig. 10B A perspective view of a magnetic device 1000 having two transition boundaries at two openings is shown according to some embodiments described herein.

[0068] Fig. 10C Magnetic levitation using a magnetic device 1000 is shown according to some embodiments described herein, where two permanent magnets 1 and 2 are suspended with perfect fidelity at two transition boundaries - Position 1 and Position 2. It is worth noting that although Fig. 10B The magnetic device 1000 in FIG. 1 shows a gap, but as described above, other embodiments of the magnetic device 1000 need not have a gap when the device is used to levitate permanent magnets.

[0069] In addition to the exemplary devices and systems described above, many other devices and machines can be designed that utilize the field characteristics of the proposed magnetic devices, such as device 400. For example, a high-efficiency flywheel can be designed for storing kinetic energy, or device 400 can also be used as a fan blade to cool electromagnetic components.

[0070] For example, certain embodiments described herein provide propulsion to aircraft, drones, and other flying devices that use electric current as a power source. Typically, the electric motor that drives the propeller or fan blades is located behind or in front of the propeller or fan blades. Therefore, the electric motor itself actually blocks the flow of air to the propeller or fan blades. In addition, thrust-to-weight ratio and lack of redundancy are issues with conventional designs.

[0071] But by integrating the motor with the fan blades, as described below, there is no airflow obstruction, the motor can be designed to be redundant, and there is no central shaft, gears, or belts driving the fan blades, further reducing weight and improving thrust-to-weight ratio. In addition, this configuration allows multiple motors to be connected in series and run at different rpm to achieve the desired efficiency and thrust.

[0072] As described above, the embodiments described herein can provide propulsion to aircraft, drones, or other flying devices that use electric current as a power source. As a result, these embodiments can solve several problems associated with electric aircraft, drones, or other flying devices, including redundancy, weight, efficiency, thrust, manufacturing cost, maintenance, and size. By integrating the motor and fan blades into a single component, efficiency is improved over traditional electric aircraft motor designs, including weight-to-thrust ratio, ease of maintenance, redundancy, and manufacturing cost.

[0073] Using electrical current generated by a generator, battery, solar panel, fuel cell, or any combination of the foregoing electrical current sources, the electric aircraft motors described herein convert this energy into mechanical thrust used by an aircraft, drone, or other flying device to achieve flight. Similar embodiments can provide propulsion for submersible or non-submersible watercraft.

[0074] By integrating the motor with the fan blades, there is no airflow obstruction, the motor can be designed to be redundant, and there are no shafts, gears or belts driving the fan blades, thus reducing weight.

[0075] Certain embodiments discussed herein include the following components: 1. Fan blade housing 1101; 2. Fan blade 1102; 3. Fan blade housing bearing 1103; 4. Fan blade housing fairing 1104; 5. Permanent magnet mount 1105; 6. Electromagnet 1106; 7. Series fan blade housing 1107; 8. Permanent magnet 1108; 9. Electromagnet current controller 1109.

[0076] like Fig.11A As shown in FIG. 1-F, such a fan or propulsion system can be constructed in the following manner: fan blades 1102 are inserted into fan blade housing 1101 and secured in place. It should be noted that the size and number of blades can be varied to produce the desired thrust. See FIG. Fig.11A and B. Fig. 11C As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2D , fan blade housing 1101 is inserted into fan blade housing bearing 1103 , which allows fan blades 1102 to rotate freely within the bearing.

[0077] Permanent magnet mounts 1105 are then attached to fan blade shell 1101, permanent magnets 1108 are attached to permanent magnet mounts 1105, and electromagnets 1106 are attached to fan blade shell bearings 1103. As described above, electromagnets 1106 may include openings that allow permanent magnets 1108 to pass through electromagnets 1106. The completed fan blade shell 1101 is then inserted into fan blade shell fairing 1104, which may then be attached to the vehicle.

[0078] It should also be noted that the electromagnet current controller 1109 may interface with the electromagnet 1106 .

[0079] Once configured as described above, permanent magnets 1108 interact with electromagnets 1106 controlled by electromagnet current controller 1109, as described above, causing fan blade housing 1101 to rotate. In other words, electromagnets 1105 will generate a magnetic field that will push the permanent magnets forward in the same direction, thereby rotating the housing 1101 to which they are attached. As housing 1101 rotates, fan blades 1102 located inside fan blade housing 1101 cause air to be drawn in and pushed out the rear, thereby generating thrust for the aircraft. To vary thrust or efficiency, multiple fan blade housings 1101 may be connected together to form a fan housing 1101 such as a fan housing 1101 having a plurality of fans. Fig.11G The fan blade housings shown are connected in series. Each fan blade housing 1101 can rotate independently and at different revolutions per minute to achieve the desired thrust and efficiency.

[0080] Changing the number of permanent magnet mounts 1105, permanent magnets 1108, or electromagnets 1106 will increase or decrease power. Additional fan blade housing bearings 1103 can increase the stability of the rotating fan blade housing 1101. Adding different sizes or different numbers of fan blades 1102 to the fan blade housing 1101 will change the air flow through the fan blade housing 1101. Multiple fan blade housings 1101 together, such as Fig.11G As shown, the individual fan blade housings 1101 are allowed to rotate independently at different RPMs to achieve the desired thrust and efficiency. Using the electromagnet current controller 1109, the interaction between the permanent magnets 1108 and the electromagnets 1106 can be varied to achieve the desired thrust and efficiency.

[0081] Although certain embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that the described embodiments are only examples. Therefore, the systems and methods described herein should not be limited based on the described embodiments. Instead, the systems and methods described herein should only be limited in accordance with the appended claims when combined with the above description and the accompanying drawings.

Claims

1. Propulsion system, including: Fan blade housing; a plurality of fan blades within a fan blade housing; one or more rows of permanent magnets fixed to the outside of the fan blade housing; one or more fan blade bearings positioned about the fan blade housing; as well as One or more magnetic devices, distinct from the one or more rows of permanent magnets and fixed to and aligned with the one or more rows of permanent magnets, the one or more magnetic devices being configured to propel each of the one or more rows of permanent magnets forward in the same direction, thereby causing the fan blade housing to which they are connected and the fan blades therein to rotate within the one or more fan blade bearings fixed to the one or more magnetic devices.

2. The propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the one or more magnetic devices comprises: a base structure comprising an upper surface, a lower surface, an inner wall and an outer wall respectively extending between the upper surface and the lower surface, an opening at least partially formed by the inner wall, and a set of magnet placement locations; a set of magnets positioned in the set of magnet placement locations of the base; and The size and dimensions of the opening are designed to accommodate the permanent magnets in the one or more rows of permanent magnets when the permanent magnets pass through the base structure.

3. The propulsion system according to claim 2, wherein: Each magnet in the set of magnets is positioned such that an axis of the magnet connecting the north pole and the south pole of the magnet forms an angle with respect to the upper and lower surfaces.

4. The propulsion system according to claim 2, wherein: Each magnet placement location in the set of magnet placement locations comprises a recessed location within an inner wall of the base.

5. The propulsion system according to claim 2, wherein: The set of magnets is mounted on the surface of the inner wall of the base.

6. The propulsion system according to claim 2, wherein: Each magnet in the set of magnets has at least one trapezoidal, circular, square and / or triangular geometric shape.

7. The propulsion system of claim 2, wherein: The set of magnets includes two or more magnets.

8. The propulsion system of claim 1, wherein: Each of the one or more magnetic devices includes a base structure having an opening sized and dimensioned to receive a permanent magnet in the one or more rows of permanent magnets as the permanent magnets pass through the base structure.

9. The propulsion system of claim 8, wherein: Each of the magnetic devices includes a set of magnets positioned in a magnet placement location on the base structure.

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