Photothermal photovoltaic integrated power generation system for multiple working conditions, control method and device

Abstract

The application provides a kind of photovoltaic integrated power generation system, control method and device for multiple conditions, belongs to solar thermal power generation technical field.The system includes: central controller, heliostat component, power generation module, energy storage module and tower type heat collector connected in turn;Heliostat component includes U-shaped structure and support, the light receiving surface of U-shaped structure is inclinedly arranged towards tower type heat collector, and the sunlight is reflected to tower type heat collector, the inside of U-shaped structure is provided with selective mirror, air sandwich, photovoltaic cell, fin radiator and water storage tank, coating is provided on selective mirror, and back cavity is provided around selective mirror;The two sides of U-shaped structure are provided with first channel and second channel;The two ends of back cavity, air sandwich and fin radiator are respectively provided with electric baffle;Water pump, water working medium are provided in water storage tank.The application can solve the problems of single photovoltaic light and heat power generation function and low utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar power generation technology, and in particular to a solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system, control method and device for multiple operating conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy is one of the most important green and low-carbon energy sources. Solar energy resources are extremely abundant; the annual solar radiation received on the surface of China's land reaches as high as 50 × 10¹⁸ KJ, equivalent to burning 5.9 × 10⁶ tons of coal per second. Currently, the most widely used solar energy technologies are solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, and integrated PV / thermal utilization technologies. Solar radiation energy on the Earth's surface is divided into infrared (>0.76 μm), visible light (0.40-0.76 μm), and ultraviolet (<0.40 μm) bands. The spectral response band of solar photovoltaic cells is 0.40-1.1 μm. PV cells can only generate electricity using solar radiation within their corresponding spectral response range. Solar radiation outside this range dissipates as heat, with some released into the environment and some stored within the cell itself, causing the cell temperature to rise. This heat loss leads to thermal losses in the solar photovoltaic system.

[0003] In traditional solutions, photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal integrated utilization technology combines photovoltaics and solar thermal energy to simultaneously obtain electrical and thermal energy, improving the overall utilization efficiency of solar energy. However, current PV / solar thermal integrated utilization technology involves attaching photovoltaic modules to the solar collector using mechanical or chemical adhesives, which can easily cause the PV modules to overheat and become damaged. Existing patent CN111765652A discloses a method of separating the solar collector and photovoltaic cells. However, in implementing the solution in this application, it was found that the PV / solar thermal power generation function is limited and the utilization rate is low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system, control method, and device for multiple operating conditions, in order to solve the problems of single function and low utilization rate of solar thermal power generation.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system for multiple operating conditions, comprising: a central controller, a heliostat assembly, a power generation module, an energy storage module, and a tower collector connected in sequence;

[0006] The heliostat assembly includes a U-shaped structure and a support. The light-facing side of the U-shaped structure is tilted towards the tower collector to reflect sunlight to the tower collector. Inside the U-shaped structure, from top to bottom, a selective reflector, an air jacket, a photovoltaic cell, a finned heat sink, and a water tank are arranged. The selective reflector is coated and surrounded by a U-shaped cavity.

[0007] The U-shaped structure has a first channel and a second channel along its inner sidewalls on both sides. The first channel is close to the tower collector. The first channel and the second channel are respectively connected to the U-shaped cavity, the air jacket, the finned radiator and the water storage tank. The two ends of the U-shaped cavity, the air jacket and the finned radiator are respectively equipped with electric baffles corresponding to the first channel and the second channel. The water storage tank is equipped with a water pump and water working medium. The electric baffles, water pump, power generation module, energy storage module and tower collector are communicatively connected to the central controller.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the coating comprises, from top to bottom, a silicon dioxide coating, a titanium dioxide coating, a niobium oxide coating, and a zirconium oxide coating.

[0009] In one possible implementation, a baffle is provided in the air interlayer, and the baffle is arranged parallel to the electric baffle of the air interlayer. The baffle and the two corresponding side walls of the U-shaped structure form a passage, allowing the water working medium to enter the air interlayer, thereby increasing the flow path of the water working medium in the air interlayer.

[0010] In one possible implementation, there are multiple baffles, all of which are movably disposed in the air interlayer. Two adjacent baffles contact different sidewalls of the U-shaped structure to form a serpentine channel, extending the path of the water medium in the air interlayer and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0011] In one possible implementation, thermal grease is provided between the photovoltaic cell and the finned heat sink.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the inner wall of the water storage tank is lined with an insulation layer.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the system further includes a tray, an adjustment mechanism is provided on the top of the bracket, the tray is provided on the top of the adjustment mechanism, and the U-shaped structure is provided on the top of the tray;

[0014] The central controller is electrically connected to the regulating mechanism, which adjusts the angle of the U-shaped structure toward the sunlight.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the working fluid is a black working fluid.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a control method for a multi-condition integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system, comprising:

[0017] Determine the type of operating condition;

[0018] When the first operating condition is in which the heat storage capacity of the water medium in the storage tank is insufficient and the photovoltaic cells malfunction, the two electric baffles of the air jacket are opened to connect the storage tank, the first channel, the air jacket and the second channel, and the water pump is turned on. The water pump pumps the water medium in the storage tank to the air jacket through the first channel. Sunlight shines on the water medium through the selective reflector, and the water medium absorbs the heat of the sunlight. The water medium then flows back to the storage tank through the second channel to store heat.

[0019] When operating in the second mode, simultaneously storing heat and generating electricity, the two electric plates controlling the finned radiator are in the open state to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the finned radiator, and the second channel, and the water pump is also in the open state. The water pump is used to pump the water medium in the water storage tank through the first channel to the gaps in the finned radiator. Sunlight shines on the photovoltaic cells through the selective reflector, generating electricity and heat through the photovoltaic cells. The finned radiator transfers the heat to the water medium, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank through the second channel.

[0020] When the selective reflector is frosted in the third operating condition, the two electric plates controlling the return cavity are turned on to connect the water tank, the first channel, the return cavity and the second channel, and the water pump is turned on. The water pump pumps the water working medium in the water tank to the return cavity through the first channel, heats the selective reflector with the water working medium to increase the temperature of the selective reflector, and then allows the water working medium to flow back to the water tank through the second channel.

[0021] When the tower collector is in the fourth operating condition and overheats, the two electric plates controlling the loop cavity are in the open state to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the loop cavity and the second channel, and the water pump is in the open state. The opening and closing degree of the two electric plates controlling the loop cavity is controlled to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the loop cavity and change the temperature of the selective reflector. The water medium in the water storage tank is pumped from the first channel to the loop cavity by the water pump, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank through the second channel.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the opening and closing degree of the two electric plates controlling the concave cavity to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the concave cavity and change the temperature of the selective reflector includes:

[0023] The temperature of the water medium inside the cavity, the temperature of the water medium in the storage tank, and the target temperature of the selective reflector are obtained.

[0024] Based on the water temperature in the cavity, the water temperature in the storage tank, and the target temperature of the selective reflector, a PID control strategy is used to adjust the opening and closing degree of the electric plate of the cavity, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the water entering the cavity and changing the temperature of the selective reflector.

[0025] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation device for multiple operating conditions, comprising:

[0026] The working condition judgment module is used to determine the type of working condition;

[0027] The first operating condition control module is used to control two electric baffles in the air jacket to open when the water medium in the water storage tank is insufficient in heat storage and the photovoltaic cell malfunctions, so as to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the air jacket and the second channel, and control the water pump to open. The water pump pumps the water medium in the water storage tank to the air jacket through the first channel. Sunlight shines on the water medium through the selective reflector, and the water medium absorbs the heat of the sunlight. The water medium then flows back to the water storage tank through the second channel for heat storage.

[0028] The second operating condition control module is used to control the two electric plates of the finned heat sink to be in the open state when the second operating condition is in which heat storage and power generation are carried out simultaneously, so as to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the finned heat sink and the second channel, and to control the water pump to be in the open state. In this process, the water working medium in the water storage tank is pumped through the first channel to the gaps of the finned heat sink. Sunlight shines on the photovoltaic cells through the selective reflector, and the photovoltaic cells generate electricity and heat. The finned heat sink transfers the heat to the water working medium and allows the water working medium to flow back to the water storage tank through the second channel.

[0029] The third operating condition control module is used to control the two electric plates of the cavity to be in the open state when the selective reflector is frosted in the third operating condition, so as to connect the water tank, the first channel, the cavity and the second channel, and control the water pump to be in the open state; wherein, the water pump is used to pump the water working medium in the water tank to the cavity through the first channel, and the water working medium heats the selective reflector to increase the temperature of the selective reflector, and the water working medium flows back to the water tank through the second channel;

[0030] The fourth operating condition control module is used to control the two electric plates of the loop cavity to be in the open state when the tower collector is in the fourth operating condition and the tower collector is overheating, so as to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the loop cavity and the second channel, and control the water pump to be in the open state. It also controls the opening and closing degree of the two electric plates of the loop cavity to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the loop cavity and change the temperature of the selective reflector. The water medium in the water storage tank is pumped from the first channel to the loop cavity by the water pump, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank through the second channel.

[0031] This invention provides a solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system, control method, and device for multiple operating conditions. By setting selective reflectors, air jackets, photovoltaic cells, finned heat sinks, and water storage tanks in the heliostat assembly, it can meet the usage requirements of multiple operating conditions in solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation, such as thermal storage, thermal storage power generation, defrosting, and decoking, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0032] By using selective reflectors, a portion of sunlight is reflected to the tower collector. The tower collector then transfers the heat to the power generation module via an energy storage module, which generates electricity. The remaining sunlight enters the photovoltaic cells to generate electricity, thus achieving frequency-division utilization of solar energy and improving power generation efficiency.

[0033] Integrating photovoltaic cells and selective reflectors reduces the footprint of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation systems, eliminates the need for some support structure investment, and lowers construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system for multiple operating conditions provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a side view of the U-shaped structure of the integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system for multiple operating conditions provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a top view of the selective reflector for a multi-condition integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a top view of the air interlayer of a multi-condition solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of a control method for a multi-condition integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation device for multiple operating conditions provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0042] Among them, 1. Power generation module, 2. Energy storage module, 3. Tower collector, 4. U-shaped structure, 41. Selective reflector, 42. U-shaped cavity, 43. Air jacket, 44. Photovoltaic cell, 45. Finned heat sink, 46. Water tank, 47. Water pump, 481. First channel, 482. Second channel, 491. First electric baffle, 492. Second electric baffle, 493. Third electric baffle, 5. Support, 6. Solar panel, 7. Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0043] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific embodiments will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system for multiple operating conditions provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a central controller, a heliostat assembly, a power generation module 1, an energy storage module 2, and a tower collector 3 connected in sequence.

[0046] The heliostat assembly includes a U-shaped structure 4 and a support 5. The light-facing side of the U-shaped structure 4 is inclined towards the tower collector 3 to reflect sunlight to the tower collector 3. Inside the U-shaped structure 4, from top to bottom, a selective reflector 41, an air jacket 43, a photovoltaic cell 44, a finned heat sink 45, and a water tank 46 are arranged sequentially. The selective reflector 41 is coated, and a U-shaped cavity 42 is arranged around the selective reflector 41.

[0047] The U-shaped structure 4 has a first channel 481 and a second channel 482 on its inner sidewalls. The first channel 481 is close to the tower collector 3. The first channel 481 and the second channel 482 are respectively connected to the U-shaped cavity 42, the air jacket 43, the finned radiator 45 and the water storage tank 46. The two ends of the U-shaped cavity 42, the air jacket 43 and the finned radiator 45 are respectively provided with electric baffles corresponding to the first channel 481 and the second channel 482. The water storage tank 46 is equipped with a water pump 47 and water working medium. The electric baffles, the water pump 47, the power generation module 1, the energy storage module 2 and the tower collector 3 are communicatively connected to the central controller.

[0048] In the process of solar thermal power generation, selective reflector 41 reflects the light with a wavelength of 700-1100nm from the sunlight irradiated by the sun 6 to tower collector 3. Tower collector 3 absorbs the heat from the sunlight and transfers the heat to energy storage module 2. Energy storage module 2 transfers the heat to power generation module 1. Power generation module 1 uses the heat to generate electricity.

[0049] In the photovoltaic power generation process, the selective reflector 41 transmits a portion of the light from the sun 6, with wavelengths of 400-700nm, to the photovoltaic cell 44 to generate electricity. The central controller controls the opening and closing of the electric baffle and water pump 47 to meet the usage requirements of different operating conditions.

[0050] The embodiments of the present invention, through the arrangement of selective reflectors 41, air jackets 43, photovoltaic cells 44, finned heat sinks 45 and water storage tanks 46 in the heliostat assembly, can meet the usage requirements of multiple operating conditions in photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, such as thermal storage, thermal power generation, defrosting and decoking, and improve power generation efficiency.

[0051] By setting up selective reflectors 41, a portion of sunlight is reflected to the tower collector 3. The tower collector 3 then transfers the heat to the power generation module 1 through the energy storage module 2. The power generation module 1 generates electricity, while the remaining sunlight enters the photovoltaic cells 44 to generate electricity. This achieves frequency division utilization of solar energy and improves power generation efficiency.

[0052] Integrating the photovoltaic cell 44 and the selective reflector 41 reduces the footprint of the photovoltaic thermal power generation system, eliminates the need for some support structure investment, and lowers construction costs.

[0053] The heat generated by photovoltaic power generation during the day is stored in water. By pumping the water into the cavity 42, the temperature of the selective reflector 41 in the heliostat module is maintained at night, reducing the occurrence of frost and avoiding the impact of frost on the start-up time of the solar thermal power plant, thereby increasing the power generation of the solar thermal power plant.

[0054] Separating the tower collector 3 from the photovoltaic cell 44 reduces the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell 44 and extends its service life.

[0055] The preferred embodiments of each component of this embodiment are described in detail below.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the coating comprises, from bottom to top, a silicon dioxide coating, a titanium dioxide coating, a niobium oxide coating, and a zirconium oxide coating.

[0057] In this embodiment, the coating is used for the transmission and reflection of sunlight. The coating method of the selective reflector 43 is as follows: the bottom layer is silicon dioxide with a thickness of 100 to 200 nanometers, which is used to improve the transmittance and reduce the light reflection loss; the middle layer is titanium dioxide with a thickness of 50 to 100 nanometers, which is used to increase the reflectance and enhance the selectivity of light; the top layer is an alternating stacked niobium oxide and zirconium oxide multilayer structure with a thickness of 80 to 150 nanometers per layer, which can reflect light in a specific wavelength range while transmitting light of other wavelengths.

[0058] In one possible implementation, a baffle 7 is provided within the air jacket 43. The baffle 7 is arranged parallel to the electric baffle of the air jacket 43. The baffle 7 forms a passage with the corresponding two side walls of the U-shaped structure 4, allowing the water working medium to enter the air jacket 43, thereby increasing the flow path of the water working medium in the air jacket 43 and improving the heat absorption efficiency. Figure 4 As shown.

[0059] In this embodiment, the baffle 7 and the sidewalls of the U-shaped structure 4 located on both sides of the baffle 7 form a passage, so that when the water medium enters the air interlayer 43, it needs to go around to both ends of the baffle 7 through the electric baffle at the first channel 481 and then flow out through the electric baffle at the second channel 482. This avoids the water medium directly passing through the air interlayer 43 through the straight path of the two electric baffles, thereby increasing the flow path of the water medium in the air interlayer 43, increasing the residence time of the water medium in the air interlayer 43, and increasing the heat absorbed by a unit volume of water medium.

[0060] In another possible implementation, there are multiple baffles 7, all of which are movably disposed in the air jacket 43. Two adjacent baffles 7 contact different sidewalls of the U-shaped structure 4 to form a serpentine channel, which extends the path of the water medium in the air jacket 43 and improves the heat exchange efficiency.

[0061] In this embodiment, the baffles 7 are staggered to increase the path of the water medium in the air interlayer 43, prolong the residence time of the water medium in the air interlayer 43, increase the heat absorbed by the water medium per unit volume, and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0062] By implementing the above two different methods, the baffle 7 can be made to have different shapes in the air jacket 43, thereby adjusting the path of the water medium in the air jacket 43 and changing the amount of heat obtained by a unit volume of water medium per unit time to meet different heat exchange requirements.

[0063] In one possible implementation, both the U-shaped cavity 42 and the water storage tank 46 are equipped with temperature sensors to measure the temperature of the water medium in the U-shaped cavity 42 and the water storage tank 46.

[0064] In another possible implementation, the temperature of the water medium in the concave cavity 42 and the water storage tank 46 is obtained by an infrared sensor.

[0065] In the two embodiments above, the temperature of the water medium is obtained by different means to meet different usage requirements.

[0066] In one possible implementation, thermal grease is provided between the photovoltaic cell 44 and the finned heat sink 45.

[0067] In this embodiment, thermally conductive silicone grease is used between the photovoltaic cell 44 and the finned heat sink 45, mainly to improve the efficiency of heat transfer from the photovoltaic cell 44 to the finned heat sink 45.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the inner wall of the water storage tank 46 is lined with an insulation layer.

[0069] In this embodiment, the purpose of laying an insulation layer on the inner wall of the water storage tank 46 is to keep the water in the water storage tank 46 warm, thereby reducing heat loss of the water in the water storage tank 46. The insulation layer can be made of a material with low thermal conductivity, which has a weak ability to conduct heat, thus keeping the water insulated.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the system further includes a tray, an adjustment mechanism is provided on the top of the support, the tray is provided on the top of the adjustment mechanism, and a U-shaped structure 4 is provided on the top of the tray.

[0071] The central controller is electrically connected to the regulating mechanism, and the central controller adjusts the angle of the U-shaped structure 4 toward the sunlight through the regulating mechanism.

[0072] In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism can adopt existing technology. As long as it can drive the U-shaped structure 4 to rotate through the support plate, adjust the angle of the U-shaped structure 4 toward the sunlight, and reflect the sunlight onto the tower collector 3, this structure is not the innovation of this invention and will not be described in detail here.

[0073] The central controller controls the rotation angle of the adjustment mechanism, which drives the tray and U-shaped structure 4 to rotate, thereby adjusting the angle of the U-shaped structure 4 so that the U-shaped structure 4 can reflect sunlight onto the tower collector 3.

[0074] In this embodiment, the central controller adjusts the angle of the U-shaped structure 4 toward the sun 6 by controlling the adjustment mechanism, so as to meet the usage requirements of the sun 6 at different times of the year and different geographical locations.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the working fluid is a black working fluid.

[0076] In this embodiment, the black aqueous medium is used to absorb heat from sunlight. Black objects absorb light of all wavelengths, including visible and infrared light. This means that the black water body reflects almost no light, instead converting the received solar energy into heat energy. Because the black water body absorbs more light energy and converts the absorbed energy into heat energy, it heats up more quickly, thereby improving thermal storage efficiency.

[0077] In the multi-condition solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system of this application, during actual use, the selective reflector 41 may experience frost formation in winter, affecting the normal concentration efficiency of the mirror field. In this case, the heat from the water medium is needed to defrost the selective reflector 41. When the heat storage capacity of the water medium in the storage tank 46 is insufficient, it is necessary to increase the heat storage capacity of the water medium in the storage tank 46 to store heat for subsequent temperature increases in the selective reflector 41 for defrosting. During water medium heat storage, the photovoltaic cell 44 can be in normal operation or malfunction.

[0078] Furthermore, during system operation, the tower collector 3 is prone to absorbing excessive sunlight, leading to excessively high surface temperatures and affecting equipment performance.

[0079] This invention also provides a control method for a multi-condition integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it includes:

[0080] Step 500: Determine the type of working condition.

[0081] Identify the type of operating condition and then run the corresponding operating condition.

[0082] In actual use, there may be one working condition, as described in the four working conditions below; there may also be two working conditions at the same time, such as the working conditions of heat storage and coke dissipation. Since the water working medium flows into the air interlayer 43 during heat storage and the water working medium flows into the cavity 42 during coke dissipation, the water working medium is in different layers, so the two working conditions will not interfere with each other.

[0083] The determination of the type of working condition is existing technology. It is sufficient to determine which types of working conditions it belongs to. This is not the innovation of this invention and will not be elaborated here.

[0084] Step 501: When the first operating condition is in which the heat storage capacity of the water medium in the water storage tank 46 is insufficient and the photovoltaic cell 44 malfunctions, the two electric baffles of the air jacket 43 are controlled to be in the open state to connect the water storage tank 46, the first channel 481, the air jacket 43 and the second channel 482, and the water pump 47 is controlled to be in the open state; wherein, the water medium in the water storage tank 46 is pumped to the air jacket 43 through the first channel 481 by the water pump 47, and the sunlight shining through the selective reflector 41 shines on the water medium, the water medium absorbs the heat of the sunlight, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482 for heat storage.

[0085] By controlling the two electric baffles of the air jacket 43 to be in the open state, the water medium flows through the air jacket 43 and absorbs the heat of sunlight passing through the selective reflector 41, so as to perform heat storage.

[0086] For ease of description, such as Figure 2-4 As shown, the electric baffle of the loop cavity 42 is designated as the first electric baffle 491, the electric baffle of the air jacket 43 is designated as the second electric baffle 492, and the electric baffle of the finned radiator 45 is designated as the third electric baffle 493.

[0087] In the initial state, the first electric baffle 491, the second electric baffle 492, and the third electric baffle 493 are closed, blocking the loop cavity 42, the air jacket 43, and the finned radiator 45 from the first channel 481 and the second channel 482, respectively.

[0088] The central controller controls two second electric baffles 492, so that the water storage tank 46 is connected to the air jacket 43 through the first channel 481 and the second channel 482 respectively. The water pump 47 pumps the water medium in the water storage tank 46 to the air jacket 43 through the first channel 481. Sunlight shines on the water medium through the selective reflector 41, and the water medium absorbs the heat of the sunlight. The water medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482.

[0089] Step 502: When in the second operating condition, simultaneously storing heat and generating electricity, the two electric plates of the finned radiator 45 are turned on to connect the water storage tank 46, the first channel 481, the finned radiator 45, and the second channel 482, and the water pump 47 is turned on. The water pump 47 pumps the water medium in the water storage tank 46 through the first channel 481 to the gaps in the finned radiator 45. Sunlight shines through the selective reflector 41 onto the photovoltaic cell 44, generating electricity and heat through the photovoltaic cell 44. The heat is transferred to the water medium by the finned radiator 45, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482.

[0090] The photovoltaic cell 44 transfers the heat generated during power generation to the finned heat sink 45. By controlling the two electric plates of the finned heat sink 45 to be in the open state, the water working medium flows through the gap of the finned heat sink 45 and absorbs the heat of the finned heat sink 45, so that the water working medium can store heat.

[0091] The central controller adjusts the two third electric baffles 493 so that the water storage tank 46 is connected to the finned heat sink 45 through the first channel 481 and the second channel 482 respectively. The water pump 47 pumps the water working medium in the water storage tank 46 to the gap of the finned heat sink 45 through the first channel 481. At this time, the light with a wavelength of 400-700nm in the sunlight shines on the photovoltaic cell 44 through the selective reflector 41. The photovoltaic cell 44 generates heat while generating electricity, which is transferred to the water working medium through the finned heat sink 45 to increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange efficiency. The water working medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482.

[0092] Step 503: When the selective reflector 41 is frosted in the third operating condition, the two electric plates of the control cavity 42 are turned on to connect the water storage tank 46, the first channel 481, the control cavity 42 and the second channel 482, and the water pump 47 is turned on. The water pump 47 pumps the water working medium in the water storage tank 46 to the control cavity 42 through the first channel 481, heats the selective reflector 41 with the water working medium to increase the temperature of the selective reflector 41, and makes the water working medium flow back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482.

[0093] The two electric plates of the control cavity 42 are in the open state, and the water pump 47 is in the open state, so that the water working medium flows through the control cavity 42 and transfers heat to the selective reflector 41 to increase the temperature of the selective reflector 41 and defrost the selective reflector 41.

[0094] The central controller controls two first electric baffles 491, so that the water storage tank 46 is connected to the cavity 42 through the first channel 481 and the second channel 482. The water pump 47 pumps the water working medium in the water storage tank 46 to the cavity 42 through the first channel 481. The water working medium heats the selective reflector 41, increases the temperature of the selective reflector 41, and prevents frost from forming on the surface of the selective reflector 41. The water working medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482.

[0095] In another possible implementation of the above three operating conditions, before the water medium flows into the air jacket 43, the finned radiator 45 and the U-shaped cavity 42, the electric baffle near the second channel 482 closes, that is, the second channel 482 is disconnected from the corresponding layer, so that the water medium enters the corresponding layer and stays there. After the water medium has stayed in the corresponding layer for a preset time, the electric baffle at the second channel 482 is opened, and the corresponding layer is connected to the second channel 482, so that the water medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 to meet different usage requirements.

[0096] Step 504: When the tower collector 3 is in the fourth operating condition and the tower collector 3 is overheating, the two electric plates of the control cavity 42 are turned on to connect the water storage tank 46, the first channel 481, the control cavity 42 and the second channel 482. The water pump 47 is turned on to control the opening and closing degree of the two electric plates of the control cavity 42 to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the control cavity 42 and change the temperature of the selective reflector 41. The water medium in the water storage tank 46 is pumped from the first channel 481 to the control cavity 42 by the water pump 47, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482.

[0097] The two electric plates of the control cavity 42 are in the open state, and the water pump 47 is in the open state, so that the water medium flows through the control cavity 42. The opening and closing degree of the two electric plates of the control cavity 42 is controlled to adjust the flow rate of the water medium, so as to increase the temperature of the selective reflector 41, increase the transmittance of the selective reflector 41, reduce the amount of sunlight reflected by the selective reflector 41 to the tower collector 3, and lower the temperature of the tower collector 3.

[0098] The central controller controls two first electric baffles 491, so that the water storage tank 46 is connected to the cavity 42 through the first channel 481 and the second channel 482 respectively. The water working medium in the water storage tank 46 is pumped to the cavity 42 through the first channel 481 by the water pump 47. The water working medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482. By adjusting the flow rate of the water working medium, the temperature of the selective reflector 41 is increased, the transmittance of the selective reflector 41 is increased, so as to reduce the solar radiation absorbed by the tower collector 3 and lower the temperature of the tower collector 3.

[0099] In one possible implementation, controlling the opening and closing degree of the two electric plates of the loop cavity 42 to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the loop cavity 42 and change the temperature of the selective reflector 41 includes:

[0100] The temperature of the water medium in the cavity 42, the temperature of the water medium in the water tank 46, and the target temperature of the selective reflector 41 are obtained.

[0101] Based on the water temperature in the cavity 42, the water temperature in the storage tank 46, and the target temperature of the selective reflector 41, the opening and closing degree of the electric plate of the cavity 42 is adjusted using a PID control strategy to adjust the flow rate of the water entering the cavity 42 and change the temperature of the selective reflector 41.

[0102] The degree of opening and closing of the electric baffle determines the size of the passage for the water medium to flow. The larger the electric baffle is opened, the larger the passage for the water medium to flow, the more water medium passes through per unit time, and the more heat the water medium transfers to the selective reflector 41, which makes the temperature of the selective reflector 41 adjust faster.

[0103] By using a PID control strategy to monitor the water temperature in the cavity 42 and the water storage tank 46 in real time, and adjusting the opening and closing degree of the electric plate of the cavity 42 in real time, the flow rate of the water into the cavity 42 is adjusted in real time, ensuring that the selective reflector 41 can maintain the required temperature under constantly changing conditions.

[0104] This embodiment, through the arrangement of selective reflectors 41, air jackets 43, photovoltaic cells 44, finned heat sinks 45, and water storage tanks 46 in the heliostat assembly, can meet the usage requirements of multiple operating conditions in photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, such as thermal storage, thermal power generation, defrosting, and decoking, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0105] By setting up selective reflectors 41, a portion of sunlight is reflected to the tower collector 3. The tower collector 3 then transfers the heat to the power generation module 1 through the energy storage module 2. The power generation module 1 generates electricity, while the remaining sunlight enters the photovoltaic cells 44 to generate electricity. This achieves frequency division utilization of solar energy and improves power generation efficiency.

[0106] Integrating the photovoltaic cell 44 and the selective reflector 41 reduces the footprint of the photovoltaic thermal power generation system, eliminates the need for some support structure investment, and lowers construction costs.

[0107] The heat generated by photovoltaic power generation during the day is stored in water. By pumping the water into the cavity 42, the temperature of the selective reflector 41 in the heliostat module is maintained at night, reducing the occurrence of frost and avoiding the impact of frost on the start-up time of the solar thermal power plant, thereby increasing the power generation of the solar thermal power plant.

[0108] Separating the tower collector 3 from the photovoltaic cell 44 reduces the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell 44 and extends its service life.

[0109] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0110] The following are device embodiments of the present invention. For details not described in detail, please refer to the corresponding method embodiments described above.

[0111] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation device for multiple operating conditions provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. For ease of explanation, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown, and are described in detail below:

[0112] like Figure 6 As shown, the integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation device 8 for multiple operating conditions includes:

[0113] The working condition judgment module 80 is used to determine the type of working condition;

[0114] The first operating condition control module 81 is used to control the two electric baffles of the air jacket 43 to be in the open state when the water medium in the water storage tank 46 is insufficient in heat storage and the photovoltaic cell 44 is faulty, so as to connect the water storage tank 46, the first channel 481, the air jacket 43 and the second channel 482, and control the water pump 47 to be in the open state. The water pump 47 pumps the water medium in the water storage tank 46 to the air jacket 43 through the first channel 481. The sunlight shining through the selective reflector 41 shines on the water medium, and the water medium absorbs the heat of the sunlight. The water medium then flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482 to store heat.

[0115] The second operating condition control module 82 is used to control the two electric plates of the finned heat sink 45 to be in the open state when the second operating condition is in which heat storage and power generation are carried out simultaneously, so as to connect the water storage tank 46, the first channel 481, the finned heat sink 45 and the second channel 482, and control the water pump 47 to be in the open state. The water pump 47 pumps the water working medium in the water storage tank 46 through the first channel 481 to the gap of the finned heat sink 45. The sunlight shines on the photovoltaic cell 44 through the selective reflector 41, generates electricity and heat through the photovoltaic cell 44, and the finned heat sink 45 transfers the heat to the water working medium and makes the water working medium flow back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482.

[0116] The third operating condition control module 83 is used to control the two electric plates of the cavity 42 to be in the open state when the selective reflector 41 is frosted in the third operating condition, so as to connect the water tank 46, the first channel 481, the cavity 42 and the second channel 482, and control the water pump 47 to be in the open state; wherein, the water pump 47 is used to pump the water working medium in the water tank 46 to the cavity 42 through the first channel 481, and the water working medium heats the selective reflector 41 to increase the temperature of the selective reflector 41, and the water working medium flows back to the water tank 46 through the second channel 482;

[0117] The fourth operating condition control module 84 is used to control the two electric plates of the U-shaped cavity 42 to be in the open state when the tower collector 3 is in the fourth operating condition and the tower collector 3 is overheating, so as to connect the water storage tank 46, the first channel 481, the U-shaped cavity 42 and the second channel 482, and control the water pump 47 to be in the open state, and control the opening and closing degree of the two electric plates of the U-shaped cavity 42 to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the U-shaped cavity 42 and change the temperature of the selective reflector 41; wherein, the water medium in the water storage tank 46 is pumped from the first channel 481 to the U-shaped cavity 42 by the water pump 47, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank 46 through the second channel 482.

[0118] The embodiments of the present invention, through the arrangement of selective reflectors 41, air jackets 43, photovoltaic cells 44, finned heat sinks 45 and water storage tanks 46 in the heliostat assembly, can meet the usage requirements of multiple operating conditions in photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, such as thermal storage, thermal power generation, defrosting and decoking, and improve power generation efficiency.

[0119] By setting up selective reflectors 41, a portion of sunlight is reflected to the tower collector 3. The tower collector 3 then transfers the heat to the power generation module 1 through the energy storage module 2. The power generation module 1 generates electricity, while the remaining sunlight enters the photovoltaic cells 44 to generate electricity. This achieves frequency division utilization of solar energy and improves power generation efficiency.

[0120] Integrating the photovoltaic cell 44 and the selective reflector 41 reduces the footprint of the photovoltaic thermal power generation system, eliminates the need for some support structure investment, and lowers construction costs.

[0121] The heat generated by photovoltaic power generation during the day is stored in water. By pumping the water into the cavity 42, the temperature of the selective reflector 41 in the heliostat module is maintained at night, reducing the occurrence of frost and avoiding the impact of frost on the start-up time of the solar thermal power plant, thereby increasing the power generation of the solar thermal power plant.

[0122] Separating the tower collector 3 from the photovoltaic cell 44 reduces the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell 44 and extends its service life.

[0123] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the templates, units, and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0125] If the module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the above embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various control method embodiments for multi-condition integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation systems described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, a read-only memory, a random access memory, an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunication signal, and a software distribution medium, etc.

[0126] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system for multiple operating conditions, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a central controller, a heliostat assembly, a power generation module, an energy storage module, and a tower solar collector connected in sequence. The heliostat assembly includes a U-shaped structure and a support frame. The sun-facing side of the U-shaped structure is inclined towards the tower solar collector to reflect sunlight. Inside the U-shaped structure, from top to bottom, are a selective reflector, an air jacket, photovoltaic cells, a finned heat sink, and a water tank. The selective reflector has a coating, and a U-shaped cavity is arranged around it. A first channel and a second channel are respectively provided along the inner wall of the two sides of the U-shaped structure. The first channel is close to the tower solar collector, and the first and second channels connect to the U-shaped cavity, the air jacket, the finned heat sink, and the water tank, respectively. Electric baffles corresponding to the first and second channels are provided at both ends of the U-shaped cavity, the air jacket, and the finned heat sink, respectively. A water pump and a working fluid are provided in the water tank. The electric baffles, water pump, power generation module, energy storage module, and tower solar collector are communicatively connected to the central controller.

2. The solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system for multiple operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating, from bottom to top, includes a silicon dioxide coating, a titanium dioxide coating, a niobium oxide coating, and a zirconium oxide coating.

3. The integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system for multiple operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air gap is equipped with a baffle plate, which is arranged parallel to the electric baffle of the air gap. The baffle plate and the two corresponding side walls of the U-shaped structure form a passage, allowing the water working medium to enter the air gap, thereby increasing the flow path of the water working medium in the air gap.

4. The solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation system for multiple operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Thermal grease is provided between the photovoltaic cell and the finned heat sink.

5. The integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system for multiple operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the water storage tank is lined with an insulation layer.

6. The integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system for multiple operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a tray, the top of the bracket is provided with an adjustment mechanism, the top of the adjustment mechanism is provided with the tray, and the top of the tray is provided with the U-shaped structure; The central controller is electrically connected to the regulating mechanism, which adjusts the angle of the U-shaped structure toward the sunlight.

7. The integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system for multiple operating conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water medium is black.

8. The control method for a multi-condition integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: Determine the type of operating condition; When the first operating condition is in which the heat storage capacity of the water medium in the storage tank is insufficient and the photovoltaic cells malfunction, the two electric baffles of the air jacket are opened to connect the storage tank, the first channel, the air jacket and the second channel, and the water pump is turned on. The water pump pumps the water medium in the storage tank to the air jacket through the first channel. Sunlight shines on the water medium through the selective reflector, and the water medium absorbs the heat of the sunlight. The water medium then flows back to the storage tank through the second channel to store heat. When operating in the second mode, simultaneously storing heat and generating electricity, the two electric plates controlling the finned radiator are in the open state to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the finned radiator, and the second channel, and the water pump is also in the open state. The water pump is used to pump the water medium in the water storage tank through the first channel to the gaps in the finned radiator. Sunlight shines on the photovoltaic cells through the selective reflector, generating electricity and heat through the photovoltaic cells. The finned radiator transfers the heat to the water medium, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank through the second channel. When the selective reflector is frosted in the third operating condition, the two electric plates controlling the return cavity are turned on to connect the water tank, the first channel, the return cavity and the second channel, and the water pump is turned on. The water pump pumps the water working medium in the water tank to the return cavity through the first channel, heats the selective reflector with the water working medium to increase the temperature of the selective reflector, and then allows the water working medium to flow back to the water tank through the second channel. When the tower collector is in the fourth operating condition and overheats, the two electric plates controlling the loop cavity are in the open state to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the loop cavity and the second channel, and the water pump is in the open state. The opening and closing degree of the two electric plates controlling the loop cavity is controlled to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the loop cavity and change the temperature of the selective reflector. The water medium in the water storage tank is pumped from the first channel to the loop cavity by the water pump, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank through the second channel.

9. The control method for a multi-condition integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The opening and closing degree of the two electric plates controlling the concave cavity to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the concave cavity and change the temperature of the selective reflector includes: The temperature of the water medium inside the cavity, the temperature of the water medium in the storage tank, and the target temperature of the selective reflector are obtained. Based on the water temperature in the cavity, the water temperature in the storage tank, and the target temperature of the selective reflector, a PID control strategy is used to adjust the opening and closing degree of the electric plate of the cavity, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the water entering the cavity and changing the temperature of the selective reflector.

10. A solar thermal and photovoltaic integrated power generation device for multiple operating conditions, characterized in that, The device is applied to the multi-condition integrated solar thermal and photovoltaic power generation system as described in any one of claims 1-7, and the device comprises: The working condition judgment module is used to determine the type of working condition; The first operating condition control module is used to control two electric baffles in the air jacket to open when the water medium in the water storage tank is insufficient in heat storage and the photovoltaic cell malfunctions, so as to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the air jacket and the second channel, and control the water pump to open. The water pump pumps the water medium in the water storage tank to the air jacket through the first channel. Sunlight shines on the water medium through the selective reflector, and the water medium absorbs the heat of the sunlight. The water medium then flows back to the water storage tank through the second channel for heat storage. The second operating condition control module is used to control the two electric plates of the finned heat sink to be in the open state when the second operating condition is in which heat storage and power generation are carried out simultaneously, so as to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the finned heat sink and the second channel, and to control the water pump to be in the open state. In this process, the water working medium in the water storage tank is pumped through the first channel to the gaps of the finned heat sink. Sunlight shines on the photovoltaic cells through the selective reflector, and the photovoltaic cells generate electricity and heat. The finned heat sink transfers the heat to the water working medium and allows the water working medium to flow back to the water storage tank through the second channel. The third operating condition control module is used to control the two electric plates of the cavity to be in the open state when the selective reflector is frosted in the third operating condition, so as to connect the water tank, the first channel, the cavity and the second channel, and control the water pump to be in the open state; wherein, the water pump is used to pump the water working medium in the water tank to the cavity through the first channel, and the water working medium heats the selective reflector to increase the temperature of the selective reflector, and the water working medium flows back to the water tank through the second channel; The fourth operating condition control module is used to control the two electric plates of the loop cavity to be in the open state when the tower collector is in the fourth operating condition and the tower collector is overheating, so as to connect the water storage tank, the first channel, the loop cavity and the second channel, and control the water pump to be in the open state. It also controls the opening and closing degree of the two electric plates of the loop cavity to adjust the flow rate of the water medium in the loop cavity and change the temperature of the selective reflector. The water medium in the water storage tank is pumped from the first channel to the loop cavity by the water pump, and the water medium flows back to the water storage tank through the second channel.

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