High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in Hexi irrigation area of Gansu Province

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in Hexi irrigation areas of Gansu Province, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the steps that the irrigation amount in the whole growth period of the silage corn is 5500-5600 m < 3 > / hm < 2 >, and the nitrogen application amount is 275-285 kg / hm < 2 >. On the basis of traditional cultivation of silage corn in Hexi irrigation districts in Gansu Province, the irrigation amount is reduced by about 10%, the nitrogen application amount is reduced by about 10%, no obvious yield reduction phenomenon is caused, on the contrary, the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of the silage corn is improved, the corn yield is improved, and the agronomic traits are optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province. Background Art

[0003] As an indispensable high-quality feed in animal husbandry, silage corn plays a key role in ensuring the stable development of animal husbandry. It is rich in nutrients, has good palatability, and can improve the growth rate and breeding efficiency of livestock. In the Hexi Irrigation District, the planting area of ​​silage corn is constantly expanding, but it is not easy to achieve high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation.

[0004] First of all, irrigation issues have always been one of the key factors that plague agricultural production in the Hexi irrigation area. Due to the scarce rainfall in the region, agricultural production is highly dependent on irrigation. However, traditional irrigation methods often have problems such as serious waste of water resources and uneven irrigation. On the one hand, extensive irrigation methods such as flooding not only lead to a large amount of water resources being wasted, but may also cause adverse consequences such as soil salinization, affecting the growth and development of silage corn. On the other hand, uneven irrigation will cause silage corn in some areas to not get enough water supply, and its growth will be inhibited, thereby reducing the overall yield. In addition, with the increasing tension of water resources, how to achieve efficient irrigation of silage corn under limited water resources has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0005] Secondly, nitrogen application is also an important link affecting the yield and quality of silage corn. Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in promoting plant growth and increasing yield, but unreasonable nitrogen application amount and method will bring a series of problems. If the amount of nitrogen application is insufficient, the growth of silage corn will be restricted and the yield will be difficult to increase; while excessive nitrogen application will lead to increased costs, environmental pollution and decreased soil quality. In the Hexi irrigation area, due to the influence of soil characteristics and climatic conditions, it is particularly important to determine the appropriate amount and timing of nitrogen application. At the same time, different nitrogen application methods will also have different effects on the growth of silage corn. For example, factors such as the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing and the depth of fertilization need to be studied in depth.

[0006] In summary, there are many problems in irrigation and nitrogen application in the cultivation of silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area, which seriously restrict the yield and quality improvement of silage corn. In order to meet the growing demand for animal husbandry, improve agricultural production efficiency, and promote the sustainable development of local agriculture and animal husbandry, there is an urgent need for a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn tailored to the characteristics of the Hexi irrigation area, and to achieve high-quality and high-yield silage corn through scientific and reasonable irrigation and nitrogen application technology. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province, which improves the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province by reducing nitrogen and water, promotes the growth of silage corn, and increases the dry matter mass.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province, wherein the irrigation amount of the silage corn during the whole growth period is 5500-5600m 3 / hm 2 , nitrogen application rate is 275-285kg / hm 2 .

[0010] Preferably, the irrigation method is: drip irrigation under the film, 260-270m in the seedling stage 3 / hm 2 , 720-740m before jointing stage 3 / hm 2 , jointing stage 1650-1700m 3 / hm 2 , 2300-2400m during the tasting period 3 / hm 2 , 410-430m before maturity 3 / hm 2 , maturity period 30-35m 3 / hm 2 .

[0011] Preferably, the nitrogen application method is: no basal fertilizer is applied, and topdressing is performed at 4%-6% of the silage corn seedling stage, 64%-66% of the jointing stage, and 29%-31% of the tasseling stage, according to the mass ratio.

[0012] Preferably, the nitrogen is applied in the form of urea.

[0013] More preferably, it also includes applying 105-110kg / hm2 of urea phosphate 2 and potassium chloride 145-150kg / hm 2 , apply it with nitrogen fertilizer in the same mass ratio.

[0014] Preferably, the sowing period of the silage corn is mid-to-late April.

[0015] More preferably, the row spacing of the silage corn is 60-65 cm, and the plant spacing is 20-25 cm.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province. By reducing nitrogen and water, the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province is improved, the growth of silage corn is promoted, and the dry matter mass is increased. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province, wherein the irrigation amount of the silage corn during the whole growth period is 5500-5600m 3 / hm 2 , further preferably 5530-5550m 3 / hm 2 , preferably 5535m 3 / hm 2 ; Nitrogen application rate is 275-285kg / hm 2 , further preferably 278-282kg / hm 2 , more preferably 280kg / hm 2 The present invention appropriately reduces the amount of irrigation and nitrogen application on the basis of conventional irrigation and fertilization cultivation of silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province, which not only does not cause a significant reduction in yield, but also significantly improves the growth characteristics of silage corn and increases the dry matter quality.

[0019] In the present invention, the preferred irrigation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province is: drip irrigation under the film, 260-270m in the seedling stage 3 / hm 2 , 720-740m before jointing stage 3 / hm 2 , jointing stage 1650-1700m 3 / hm 2 , 2300-2400m during the tasting period 3 / hm 2 , 410-430m before maturity 3 / hm 2 , maturity period 30-35m 3 / hm 2 ; Further preferred is 267.3m in the seedling stage 3 / hm 2 , 742.5m before jointing stage 3 / hm 2 , Jointing stage 1687.64m 3 / hm 2 , 2379.5m during the tasseling period 3 / hm 2 , 425.25m before maturity 3 / hm 2 、Maturity 32.81m 3 / hm 2 .

[0020] In the present invention, the preferred nitrogen application method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu is: no basal fertilizer is applied, and 4%-6% of silage corn is applied at the seedling stage, 64%-66% at the jointing stage, and 29%-31% at the tasseling stage, respectively, according to the mass ratio, and further preferably, 5.9%-6% at the seedling stage, 64.7%-64.8% at the jointing stage, and 29.2%-29.4% at the tasseling stage are applied. In the present invention, it is preferred that nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the form of urea. In the present invention, it is preferred that 105-110 kg / hm2 of urea phosphate is also applied. 2 , further preferably 106-108kg / hm 2 , more preferably 107kg / hm 2 ; Apply potassium chloride 145-150kg / hm 2 , further preferably 145-147kg / hm 2 , more preferably 146 kg / hm 2 , urea phosphate and potassium chloride should be applied as topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer in the same mass ratio.

[0021] In the present invention, the preferred sowing period for silage corn is mid-to-late April, and the row spacing for silage corn is further preferably 60-65 cm, the plant spacing is 20-25 cm, and more preferably 113,100 plants / hm2. 2 .

[0022] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province comprises the following steps:

[0025] In mid-April, sowing was carried out with a row spacing of 60 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm. Irrigation was drip irrigation under the film: 5535 m3 of irrigation was used during the whole growth period. 3 / hm 2 ; respectively at the seedling stage 267.3m 3 / hm 2 , 742.5m before jointing stage 3 / hm 2 , Jointing stage 1687.64m 3 / hm 2 , 2379.5m during the tasseling period 3 / hm 2 , 425.25m before maturity 3 / hm 2 、Maturity 32.81m 3 / hm 2 ; Fertilization: Apply nitrogen fertilizer 280kg / hm2 during the whole growth period2 , urea phosphate 107kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 146kg / hm 2 Urea phosphate, potassium chloride and urea were applied together, and according to the mass ratio, 5.9% was applied at the seedling stage, 64.7% at the jointing stage and 29.4% at the tasting stage.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province comprises the following steps:

[0028] In mid-April, sowing was carried out with a row spacing of 62 cm and a plant spacing of 22 cm. Irrigation was drip irrigation under the film: 5500m3 of irrigation during the whole growth period 3 / hm 2 ; respectively at the seedling stage 265.4m 3 / hm 2 , before jointing stage 737.8m 3 / hm 2 , Jointing stage 1676.9m 3 / hm 2 , tasseling period 2363.8m 3 / hm 2 , before maturity 422.1m 3 / hm 2 、Maturity 32m 3 / hm 2 ; Fertilization: Apply nitrogen fertilizer 285kg / hm2 during the whole growth period 2 , urea phosphate 110kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 150kg / hm 2 Urea phosphate, potassium chloride and urea are applied together, and according to the mass ratio, 4% is applied in the seedling stage, 66% in the jointing stage and 30% in the tasseling stage.

[0029] Example 3

[0030] A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province comprises the following steps:

[0031] In late April, the seeds were sown with a row spacing of 65 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm. The irrigation was drip irrigation under the film: 5600m3 of irrigation during the whole growth period 3 / hm 2 ; respectively at the seedling stage 270.7m 3 / hm 2 , 750.5m before jointing stage 3 / hm 2 , Jointing stage 1704.8m 3 / hm 2 , 2407m during the male development period 3 / hm 2430m before maturity 3 / hm 2 、Maturity 33m 3 / hm 2 ; Fertilization: Apply nitrogen fertilizer 275kg / hm during the whole growth period 2 , urea phosphate 105kg / hm 2 , potassium chloride 145kg / hm 2 Urea phosphate, potassium chloride and urea were applied together, and according to the mass ratio, 6% was applied at the seedling stage, 65% at the jointing stage and 29% at the tasting stage.

[0032] Example 4

[0033] Effects of water and nitrogen reduction on growth and dry matter quality of silage maize in Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu

[0034] 1. Overview of the pilot area

[0035] The experiment was conducted in 2022 at Huarui Ranch, Minle County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province (100°40′36″E, 38°43′36″N). The average altitude of the area is 1632m, the average annual precipitation is 364mm, the evaporation is 1692.7mm, the average temperature over the years is 3.8℃, the annual accumulated temperature ≥10℃ is 3088℃, the sunshine time is 3000h, the frost-free period is 140d, the rainfall is scarce, the evaporation is large, the average wind speed over the years is 2.0-2.8m / s, and it has a temperate continental desert steppe climate.

[0036] The soil type is sandy soil with a bulk density of 1.18 g cm -3 , soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium were 5.96 g·kg -1 , 0.70g·kg -1 , 0.65g·kg -1 、272.19g·kg -1 、6.89g·kg -1 .

[0037] 2. Experimental Design

[0038] This experiment is a dual-factor experiment of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount. There are three irrigation amounts: W3 is 6765m 3 / hm 2 (water increase 10%), W2 is 5535m 3 / hm 2 (10% water reduction), W1 is 4920m 3 / hm 2 (20% water reduction). Nitrogen content of 5 facilities: N4 is 311kg / hm 2 (Conventional nitrogen application), N3 is 280kg / hm 2(Nitrogen reduction 10%), N2 is 249kg / hm 2 (20% nitrogen reduction), N1 is 218kg / hm 2 (30% nitrogen reduction) and N0 is 0kg / hm 2 (No nitrogen was applied), and nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the form of urea (CO(NH2)2, N 46%). Potassium fertilizer was potassium chloride (K2O, 57%), and phosphorus fertilizer was urea phosphate (P2O5, 44.06%). Potassium chloride was applied at 146 kg / hm2 during the entire growth period. 2 , urea phosphate 107kg / hm 2 .

[0039] All nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers were used as top dressing. All phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers were applied at the seedling stage (5.9%), jointing stage (64.7%) and tasseling stage (29.4%) respectively.

[0040] The experiment adopted a split-plot design, with irrigation amount W as the main plot and nitrogen application amount N as the secondary plot. There were 3×5=15 treatments, 3 repetitions, and a total of 45 plots with an area of ​​60m 2 (A single test plot consists of 4 rows, with a film width of 1.6m, a length of 25m, and a plot area of ​​40m 2 , wide and narrow row planting, to avoid marginal effects between sample plots, a 1m wide isolation zone is set between each sample plot, and 2m wide protection rows are set around it).

[0041] 3. Measurement items and methods

[0042] The method for determining the growth period is: starting from the emergence of seedlings, record each key growth period: seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage, and maturity stage.

[0043] The method for determining plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index and dry matter accumulation is as follows: select 3 representative plants from each plot during the critical period, measure the stem diameter with a vernier caliper, measure the plant height with a steel tape measure, and measure the leaf area index with the length coefficient method; at the same time, the plants are divided into stem, leaf and ear parts, withered at 105℃ for 30 minutes, and baked at 80℃ to constant weight before weighing.

[0044] 4. Test results and analysis

[0045] 4.1 Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application rates on silage corn stem diameter

[0046] As shown in Table 1, the amount of irrigation had no significant effect on the stem diameter of silage corn at each stage; the amount of nitrogen application had no significant effect on the seedling and jointing stages of silage corn, but had a significant effect on the tasseling and maturity stages; the interaction between the amount of irrigation and the amount of nitrogen application had a significant effect on the tasseling and maturity stages of silage corn. As the growth period progressed, the stem diameter of silage corn increased first and then decreased. Most treatments reached the maximum value at the jointing stage, and a few treatments reached the maximum value at the tasseling stage. There was no significant difference in the stem diameter of each treatment at the jointing stage. The stem diameter ranged from 23.63 to 28.88 mm, with the largest stem diameter in the W2N3 treatment. The stem diameter of the N3 treatment increased by 6.79% to 28.15% compared with the leaf area index of other nitrogen treatments.

[0047] In summary, there was no significant difference in stem diameter with the reduction of irrigation amount, but it showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the reduction of nitrogen application amount. At the same time, it was affected by the interaction between irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount. Among them, the stem diameter was the largest under W2N3 treatment.

[0048] Table 1 Effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount on stem diameter of silage corn

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] 4.2 Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application rates on silage corn plant height

[0052] As shown in Table 2, the irrigation amount has a significant effect on the plant height of silage corn at the seedling stage; the nitrogen application amount has a significant effect on the jointing, tasseling and maturity stages of silage corn; the interaction between the irrigation amount and the nitrogen application amount has a significant effect on the jointing, tasseling and maturity stages of silage corn. As the growth period progresses, the plant height of silage corn gradually increases, with rapid growth from the seedling stage to the tasseling stage and slow growth from the tasseling stage to the maturity stage. The plant height of silage corn at maturity is between 2.54-3.39m. Among them, the W2N3 treatment has the largest plant height, and N3 increases the plant height by 4.27%-17.98% compared with other nitrogen application treatments.

[0053] In summary, the effect of plant height on the reduction of irrigation amount was significant at the seedling stage, and the effect of plant height on the reduction of nitrogen application amount showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. At the same time, it was affected by the interaction between irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount, among which the plant height was the largest under W2N3 treatment.

[0054] Table 2 Effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount on silage corn plant height (m)

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] 4.3 Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on leaf area index of silage corn

[0058] As shown in Table 3, the amount of irrigation had no significant effect on the leaf area index of silage corn at each stage; the amount of nitrogen application had no significant effect on the seedling and jointing stages of silage corn, but had a significant effect on the tasseling and maturity stages; the interaction between the amount of irrigation and the amount of nitrogen application had a significant effect on the tasseling and maturity stages of silage corn. As the growth period progressed, the leaf area index of silage corn increased first and then decreased, with the maximum at the tasseling stage. The maximum leaf area index of each treatment was between 6.52 and 11.06, among which the W2N3 treatment had the largest leaf area index, which was 11.26%-69.63% higher than that of other water and nitrogen treatments.

[0059] In summary, the leaf area index had no significant effect on the reduction of irrigation amount, and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in response to the reduction of nitrogen application amount. At the same time, it was affected by the interaction between irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount, among which the leaf area index was the largest under W2N3 treatment.

[0060] Table 3 Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on leaf area index of silage corn

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] 4.4 Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application rates on dry matter mass of silage corn

[0064] As shown in Table 4, the amount of irrigation, the amount of nitrogen applied, and the interaction between irrigation and nitrogen application had no significant effect on the seedling and tasseling stages of corn. The amount of irrigation and nitrogen application had significant effects on the jointing and maturity stages of silage corn. As the growth period progressed, the dry matter mass of silage corn gradually increased, with a large increase in dry matter mass from the seedling stage to the tasseling stage. The maximum dry matter mass of each treatment at the maturity stage of silage corn was 27.42-44.44 t / hm 2 Among them, W2N3 has the largest treatment (44.44t / hm 2 ), the dry matter mass of W2N3 increased by 1.69%-62.07% compared with other water-nitrogen interaction treatments.

[0065] In summary, the dry matter mass showed a general trend of first increasing and then decreasing in response to the reduction of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount, among which the dry matter mass was the largest under the W2N3 treatment.

[0066] Table 4 Effects of irrigation amount and nitrogen application amount on dry matter mass of silage corn (t / hm 2 )

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] In summary, the stem diameter, plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter mass of silage corn under the W2N3 water and nitrogen treatment showed advantages, that is, the irrigation water of 5535m3 during the whole growth period of silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province was 3 / hm 2 , nitrogen fertilizer 280kg / hm 2 , urea phosphate 107kg / hm 2 and potassium chloride 146kg / hm 2 , which is beneficial to the growth of silage corn and improves the dry matter quality.

[0070] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for silage corn in the Hexi irrigation area of ​​Gansu Province, characterized in that: The irrigation amount of silage corn during the whole growth period is 5500-5600m 3 / hm 2 , nitrogen application rate is 275-285kg / hm 2 .

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The irrigation method is: drip irrigation under the film, 260-270m in the seedling stage 3 / hm 2 , 720-740m before jointing stage 3 / hm 2 , jointing stage 1650-1700m 3 / hm 2 , 2300-2400m during the tasting period 3 / hm 2 , 410-430m before maturity 3 / hm 2 , maturity period 30-35m 3 / hm 2 .

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The nitrogen application method is: no basal fertilizer is applied, and topdressing is performed at 4%-6% of the silage corn seedling stage, 64%-66% of the jointing stage, and 29%-31% of the tasseling stage according to the mass ratio.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen application was in the form of urea.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes 105-110kg / hm2 of urea phosphate 2 and potassium chloride 145-150kg / hm 2 , apply it with nitrogen fertilizer in the same mass ratio.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing period of the silage corn is mid to late April.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The row spacing of the silage corn is 60-65 cm, and the plant spacing is 20-25 cm.

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