A battery module with a battery cell spacer and a battery safety assessment method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of battery modules, in particular to a battery module with a battery cell spacer and a battery safety assessment method, including: battery cells; a connection mechanism including a conduction member and a bracket, and the battery cells are detachably connected to each other; a spacer mechanism including a spacer; a buffer mechanism including a buffer rod; the spacer plays a safety protection role, and the modular setting facilitates disassembly and replacement during operation and maintenance. The spacer is internally provided with a closed coiled pipe and is communicated with the buffer rod. During charging, each switching column is synchronously switched to be connected. When the battery module is charged, low-temperature hydraulic oil is connected for liquid cooling to prevent overheating and ignition. The buffer rod circulates anti-combustion hydraulic oil for cooling and also acts as a flame retardant in case of a fire. Combining the real-time monitoring of a photosensitive sensor and automatic power-off protection, the fault location is accurately detected. The intelligent data analysis and multi-dimensional monitoring ensure early warning and cooling protection, and improve the accuracy of battery safety assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery modules, in particular to a battery module with battery cell spacers and a battery safety assessment method. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of electric vehicles, the safety and performance of power batteries have become the focus of the industry. Currently, the structures adopted in many battery module designs often fail to effectively solve the isolation problem between individual battery cells. Especially in the case of overheating, short circuit or external collision of individual battery cells, the lack of effective isolation measures will lead to thermal runaway, which may trigger a chain reaction and affect the safety of the whole vehicle.

[0003] In the prior art, most of the insulating materials and structural designs used in battery modules are relatively simple, lacking a systematic design for battery thermal management. In addition, although some solutions introduce a heat dissipation system, its efficiency is often limited by the layout and materials of individual battery cells, resulting in ineffective heat conduction and dispersion, and thus affecting the overall performance of the battery.

[0004] Therefore, how to effectively isolate individual battery cells to avoid thermal runaway under extreme conditions, improve the heat dissipation ability of the battery module, reduce the temperature of individual battery cells during operation, ensure electrical isolation between individual battery cells, prevent short circuits and other electrical faults, and maintain the mechanical strength and stability of the battery module while improving the isolation effect becomes particularly important.

[0005] The Chinese patent with the publication number CN114824620A discloses a battery module, which includes a bus bar, battery cells, a housing, end brackets and bus bar protection shells. The battery cells have tabs extending towards both ends. An accommodation cavity is provided in the housing. A plurality of heat conducting support members are provided at the bottom of the housing. The bottom of the heat conducting support member is connected to the bottom wall of the housing, and the top of the heat conducting support member abuts against the battery cells. The end brackets are connected to both sides of the accommodation cavity, and the end brackets are spaced from the heat conducting support members. A plurality of guiding holes are provided in the end brackets. The bus bar is connected to one side of the end brackets, and the tabs extend out from the guiding holes and are connected to the bus bar. Each bus bar protection shell is respectively connected to one side surface of the end brackets. A plurality of bus bars are provided between the end brackets and the bus bar protection shells. One of the bus bar protection shell and the end brackets is provided with a first latch and the other is provided with a locking hole, and the locking hole and the first latch are clamped and there are multiple pairs. The battery module of this invention has a stable structure, is quick and convenient to assemble and disassemble, and has good insulation.

[0006] However, there is no buffer between the individual battery cells in the above technical solutions. In the case of frequent disassembly, replacement, and charging, or when the movement amplitude is large, the individual battery cells are prone to swelling damage or even open circuit, leading to accidents. At the same time, the heat-conducting support member in the above technical solution is arranged at the bottom of the housing and cannot penetrate between the individual cells. Therefore, the heat dissipation effect is limited, and relying on solid heat conduction for heat dissipation has a lower efficiency than liquid-cooled circulation heat dissipation, which cannot meet the cooling requirements during fast charging of the two-wheeler battery module. Moreover, most of the reference standards for the existing battery safety assessment methods refer to the surface layer or external parameters of the battery module and cannot detect and evaluate the interior. The reference data is too single to make multi-dimensional comprehensive judgments, so the false alarm rate is relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this part is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this part, as well as in the abstract and title of the specification of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of this part, the abstract, and the title of the invention. However, such simplifications or omissions shall not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A battery module with battery cell spacers, comprising: battery cells, the battery cells are arranged in a linear array to form a battery module; a connection mechanism, including a conduction member arranged between the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells and a bracket fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the battery cell, the conduction member is used to connect the battery cells in series, and the connection between the battery cells is detachable; a spacing mechanism, including a spacer arranged between two adjacent battery cells, the spacer is made of insulating material and its two sides are respectively attached to the outer shells of the two battery cells; a buffer mechanism, including a buffer rod arranged on the bracket, two adjacent brackets are movably engaged and connected through the buffer rod, and the buffer rod generates damping when two adjacent battery cells approach each other.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the battery module with battery cell spacers of the present invention, wherein: positioning grooves are arranged on the bracket, and the positioning grooves between adjacent brackets are mutually engaged, and positive and negative connection terminals are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper end surface of the battery cell.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the battery module with battery cell spacers of the present invention, wherein: mounting holes are formed on the bracket, the buffer rod is movably engaged and arranged inside the mounting holes, a coil pipe is arranged inside the spacer, and hanging ears are arranged on the upper end surface of the spacer and are sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer rod through the hanging ears.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the battery module with battery cell spacers according to the present invention, wherein: a telescopic rod is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the buffer rod, a piston is disposed at one end of the telescopic rod located inside the buffer rod, a communication pipe is slidably disposed inside the piston, and overflow holes are simultaneously formed on the outer walls of both sides of the piston of the communication pipe.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the battery module with battery cell spacers according to the present invention, wherein: a sealing plug is disposed at one end of the communication pipe that slides into the interior of the telescopic rod, the other end of the communication pipe is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the buffer rod, and a first elastic member is disposed between the sealing plug and the inner wall of the telescopic rod.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the battery module with battery cell spacers according to the present invention, wherein: gear teeth are circumferentially arrayed at one end of the piston located inside the telescopic rod, a collar is also slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the communication pipe, and the collar is fitted and sleeved on the outer walls of each gear tooth.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the battery module with battery cell spacers according to the present invention, wherein: oil leakage holes are circumferentially arrayed on the end face of the collar, a first cavity is formed by the buffer rod and the piston, a second cavity is formed by the piston and the sealing plug, and a third cavity is formed by the sealing plug and the telescopic rod.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the battery module with battery cell spacers according to the present invention, wherein: a second elastic member is also slidably sleeved inside the second cavity, the second elastic member is sleeved on the outer wall of the communication pipe and one end is connected to the collar, and a long groove and a short groove are respectively vertically formed inside the sealing plug; a switching column is slidably disposed inside the sealing plug, a slider is disposed on the outer wall of the switching column, a ring groove is also coaxially formed inside the sealing plug, and a liquid leakage port is formed at one end of the switching column that slides into the sealing plug.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the battery module with battery cell spacers according to the present invention, wherein: a linkage rod is fixedly disposed on the end face of the switching column, the linkage rod penetrates through the communication pipe, the end of the linkage rod slides through the outside of the buffer rod and is provided with a linkage key; a wedge-shaped cylinder is disposed on the inner wall of the end of the switching column away from the linkage rod, a ball is disposed inside the wedge-shaped cylinder, a third elastic member is disposed between the ball and the wedge-shaped cylinder, and a sealing thread is also disposed on the inner wall of the switching column; a locking cylinder is also disposed on the end face of the wedge-shaped cylinder, and a sliding groove and a locking groove are respectively disposed on the inner wall of the locking cylinder, and the sliding groove and the locking groove are vertically arranged.

[0018] The present invention also discloses a battery safety assessment method, and the steps of the battery safety assessment method are as follows: S1. Install the battery module, install the spacers between each battery cell, and connect each spacer with a buffer rod.

[0019] S2. An array of photosensitive sensors is set up. The photosensitive sensors monitor the light brightness value in real time. The photosensitive sensors are connected to a power-off protector. The power-off protector receives the light brightness value and determines the state of the battery module, controlling the opening and closing of the battery circuit.

[0020] S3. The photosensitive sensors are connected to a fault detection unit. The position coordinates are calculated based on the signal data of the photosensitive sensors and the specific positions of the sensors are recorded, and the internal collision degree of the battery module and the area where the affected battery cells are located are judged.

[0021] S4. Data analysis and early warning. According to the real-time monitoring data, the trend and amplitude of the light change are judged, and the health status and potential fault hazards of the battery module are evaluated in combination with historical data.

[0022] S5. Temperature sensors and current detection devices are added inside the battery module. When abnormal temperature rise and overcurrent occur inside the battery cells, the temperature and current monitoring results are combined with the data of the photosensitive sensors for multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis.

[0023] S6. The integrity of the buffer rod and the tightness of the fluorescent liquid are regularly checked. When the system detects abnormal collision in a certain area, the fault isolation mechanism of the battery module is immediately activated to disconnect the faulty battery cell from the overall battery.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention: Spacers are filled between each battery cell, playing a safety protection role. Each battery cell and the spacer are modularly arranged, which is convenient for disassembly and replacement during operation and maintenance. The spacer is internally provided with a closed coiled pipe and is connected to the buffer rod. When the battery module is charging, the buffer rod circulates a fire-resistant hydraulic oil for cooling and temperature reduction, and at the same time, it is flame-retardant in case of a fire. The switching columns between each battery cell can be synchronously switched to the connected state, so that low-temperature hydraulic oil can be connected for liquid cooling and temperature reduction during the charging of the battery module to prevent overheating and fire. Combining the real-time monitoring of the photosensitive sensors and the automatic power-off protection, the fault position is accurately detected. The intelligent data analysis and multi-dimensional monitoring ensure early warning and cooling protection. The hydraulic oil plays both a cooling and a fire isolation role. Description of the Drawings

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings. Among them:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall battery module with battery cell spacers in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of bracket installation in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the positive and negative conduction member in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the battery cell and the buffer rod in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of multiple spacers in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the buffer rod in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of area A in;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first chamber in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the wedge-shaped cylinder in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the steps of the battery safety assessment method in the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals: 100, battery cell;

[0037] 200, conduction member; 2001, positioning groove; 2002, positive terminal; 2003, negative terminal; 2004, mounting hole; 201, bracket

[0038] 300, spacer; 3001, hanging ear;

[0039] 400, buffer rod; 4001, telescopic rod; 4002, piston; 4003, connecting pipe; 4004, overflow hole; 4005, sealing plug; 4006, first elastic member; 4007, gear teeth; 4008, collar; 4009, oil leakage hole; 4011, first cavity; 4012, second cavity; 4013, third cavity; 4014, second elastic member; 4015, long groove; 4016, short groove; 4017, switching column; 4018, slider; 4019, annular groove; 4021, liquid leakage port; 4022, linkage rod; 4023, linkage key; 4024, wedge-shaped cylinder; 4025, third elastic member; 4026, locking cylinder; 4027, locking groove; 4028, sliding groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0040] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0041] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0042] Secondly, the so-called "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation manner of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an embodiment that is separate or selectively mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Referring to Figures 1 to 8 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a battery module with battery cell spacers. Spacers 300 are filled between each battery cell 100 to play a safety protection role. Each battery cell 100 and the spacer 300 are modularly arranged, which is convenient for disassembly and replacement during operation and maintenance.

[0045] Specifically, a battery module with battery cell spacers includes:

[0046] Battery cells 100, and the battery cells 100 are linearly arrayed to form a battery module;

[0047] A connection mechanism, including a conducting member 200 disposed between the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells 100 and a bracket 201 fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the battery cell 100. The conducting member 200 is used to connect each battery cell 100 in series. The connection between each battery cell 100 is detachable, and the number of battery cells 100 is determined by the set output voltage number of the battery module;

[0048] A spacing mechanism, including a spacer 300 disposed between two adjacent battery cells 100. The spacer 300 is made of an insulating material, and its two sides are respectively attached to the outer shells of the two battery cells 100;

[0049] A buffer mechanism, including a buffer rod 400 disposed on the bracket 201. Two adjacent brackets 201 are movably clamped and connected through the buffer rod 400, and the buffer rod 400 generates damping when two adjacent battery cells 100 approach each other.

[0050] Preferably, the battery module is used for electric two-wheeled vehicles or three-wheeled vehicles. The number of battery cells 100 of the battery is determined by the adapted output voltage. By connecting multiple battery cells 100 in series, the battery capacity and output power are increased to meet the use requirements of different vehicles.

[0051] Among them, the bracket 201 is made of hard plastic material, which is used to load and support the battery cell 100 to avoid collision or shaking during movement and improve stability. During assembly, a single battery cell 100 is installed inside the bracket 201 by screws, and the linear arrangement and combination of each bracket 201 constitutes the outer shell of the battery module.

[0052] More preferably, in this embodiment, the battery cell 100 is rectangular, and the bracket 201 and the spacer 300 are also rectangular. In other embodiments, the battery cell 100 may be circular, and the bracket 201 and the spacer 300 may also be circular to match.

[0053] Preferably, the bracket 201 is provided with a positioning groove 2001 , and the positioning grooves 2001 between adjacent brackets 201 are interlocked with each other. The positive electrode terminal 2002 and the negative electrode terminal 2003 are respectively provided on both sides of the upper end surface of the battery cell 100 .

[0054] Among them, the conductive part 200 is a copper plate, and the positive and negative poles of each battery cell 100 are connected front and back through multiple copper plates to form a series circuit. The copper plates on the left and right sides of the battery pack are respectively connected to the positive electrode terminal 2002 and the negative electrode terminal 2003. The positioning groove 2001 is made of aluminum alloy, which prevents rainwater from entering and assists in heat dissipation.

[0055] More preferably, the single bracket 201 and the battery cell 100 in this embodiment form an installation module, and the various installation modules are connected by quick-release columns. A positioning cover is fixedly laid on the top of the battery cell 100 for fixed positioning. When a battery module fails, it can be quickly disassembled through the quick-release column and replaced with a new installation module, thereby realizing the repair of waste battery modules and improving service life.

[0056] Furthermore, the buffer rod 400 is a spring buffer rod and is made of insulating material. When adjacent battery cells 100 approach each other, the spring is compressed and damping is provided to prevent adjacent battery cells 100 from short-circuiting. Fluorescent liquid is provided in the buffer rod 400. When the battery cells 100 collide, they are too close to each other, causing the buffer rod 400 to be damaged and the fluorescent liquid to leak. By monitoring the brightness of the light source through a photosensor, the location of the fault can be quickly determined and a battery safety warning can be issued.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] Reference Figures 1 to 8, which is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment. The difference is that a closed coiled pipe is provided inside the spacer 300 and is communicated with the buffer rod 400. When the battery module is charging, the buffer rod 400 circulates a fire-resistant hydraulic oil to cool down and prevent fire in case of a fire.

[0059] Specifically, mounting holes 2004 are formed on the bracket 201, and the buffer rod 400 is movably and fittingly arranged inside the mounting holes 2004. A coiled pipe is provided inside the spacer 300, and hanging ears 3001 are provided on the upper end surface of the spacer 300 and are sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer rod 400 through the hanging ears 3001.

[0060] Among them, the coiled pipe is hermetically arranged inside the spacer 300, extends to the hanging ears 3001 and is hermetically communicated with the inside of the buffer rod 400. The coiled pipe is filled with a fire-resistant hydraulic oil. In this embodiment, phosphate ester hydraulic fluid is selected, which has good electrical insulation performance while preventing fire.

[0061] Preferably, a telescopic rod 4001 is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the buffer rod 400. A piston 4002 is provided at one end of the telescopic rod 4001 located inside the buffer rod 400. A communicating pipe 4003 is slidably arranged inside the piston 4002. Overflow holes 4004 are formed on the outer walls of the communicating pipe 4003 on both sides of the piston 4002.

[0062] Among them, a sealing plug 4005 is provided at one end of the communicating pipe 4003 that slides into the telescopic rod 4001. The other end of the communicating pipe 4003 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the buffer rod 400. A first elastic member 4006 is provided between the sealing plug 4005 and the inner wall of the telescopic rod 4001.

[0063] Preferably, the first elastic member 4006 is a spring. When the telescopic rod 4001 slides inward along the buffer rod 400, the first elastic member 4006 is compressed, so that the telescopic rod 4001 has a tendency to rebound. Both the buffer rod 400 and the telescopic rod 4001 are hollow circular tubes. The piston 4002 and the sealing plug 4005 are circular plugs and are respectively hermetically and fittingly arranged on the inner walls of the buffer rod 400 and the telescopic rod 4001.

[0064] More preferably, teeth 4007 are circumferentially arranged at one end of the piston 4002 located inside the telescopic rod 4001. A collar 4008 is also slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the communicating pipe 4003. The collar 4008 is fittingly sleeved on the outer walls of the respective teeth 4007.

[0065] Among them, oil leakage holes 4009 are circumferentially arranged on the end face of the collar 4008. A first cavity 4011 is formed between the buffer rod 400 and the piston 4002. A second cavity 4012 is formed between the piston 4002 and the sealing plug 4005. A third cavity 4013 is formed between the sealing plug 4005 and the telescopic rod 4001.

[0066] Among them, the first cavity 4011, the second cavity 4012, and the third cavity 4013 are all sealed cavities. In the initial state, the first cavity 4011 is filled with fire-resistant hydraulic oil and is directly connected to the coil pipe. The first cavity 4011 and the second cavity 4012 are connected through two overflow holes 4004 on the connecting pipe 4003.

[0067] Preferably, a second elastic member 4014 is also slidably sleeved in the second cavity 4012. The second elastic member 4014 is sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe 4003 and one end thereof is connected to the collar 4008. Long grooves 4015 and short grooves 4016 are respectively vertically formed inside the sealing plug 4005.

[0068] Among them, the long groove 4015 and the short groove 4016 are perpendicularly arranged and their centers coincide with the center of the sealing plug 4005. The depth of the long groove 4015 is longer than that of the short groove 4016.

[0069] Furthermore, a switching column 4017 is slidably arranged inside the sealing plug 4005. A slider 4018 is arranged on the outer wall of the switching column 4017. An annular groove 4019 is also coaxially formed inside the sealing plug 4005. A liquid leakage port 4021 is formed at one end of the switching column 4017 that slides into the sealing plug 4005.

[0070] Among them, the switching column 4017 is also a hollow circular tube, the slider 4018 is a waist-shaped block, the long groove 4015 and the short groove 4016 are both waist-shaped grooves, the annular groove 4019 is an annular-shaped slot hole, and the slider 4018 can freely rotate in the annular groove 4019 and can also slide in the long groove 4015 and the short groove 4016 respectively.

[0071] More preferably, in other embodiments, the buffer rod 400 is hydraulically driven to generate damping. When adjacent battery cells 100 are severely collided and adhered, the hydraulic oil in the first cavity 4011 is squeezed into the coil pipe. At this time, the oil pressure of the fire-resistant hydraulic oil in the coil pipe increases sharply, so as to break through the spacer 300 and enter the inside of the battery module, isolating air and preventing fire while isolating each battery cell 100 to prevent short circuit and fire.

[0072] In summary, in the initial state, the hydraulic oil is located in the first cavity 4011. The spacer 300 is connected to the first cavity 4011 through the hanging ear 3001. Adjacent spacers 300 are detachably connected to the telescopic rod 4001. At this time, the slider 4018 is located in the long groove 4015, so that the sealing plug 4005 is blocked. When the battery module vibrates during movement, two adjacent battery cells 100 approach each other, so that two spacers 300 approach each other, driving the telescopic rod 4001 to slide along the inner wall of the buffer rod 400. The piston 4002 squeezes the hydraulic oil in the first cavity 4011. The pressure of the hydraulic oil increases and enters the second cavity 4012 from the communication pipe 4003 along the two overflow holes 4004. The hydraulic oil flows out from the gaps between the teeth 4007 of each and pushes the collar 4008 away from the teeth 4007, and finally leaks into the second cavity 4012 from the oil leakage holes 4009 of the collar 4008.

[0073] Meanwhile, due to the limited aperture of the overflow holes 4004, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil flowing in and out is limited, so that the buffer rod 400 and the telescopic rod 4001 can only slide slowly. The longer the sliding distance is, the greater the damping provided by the first elastic member 4006 is. When the resistance disappears, the first elastic member 4006 drives the telescopic rod 4001 to reset. At this time, the collar 4008 is pushed to fit onto the teeth 4007, and some of the oil leakage holes 4009 are blocked by the teeth 4007, resulting in a decrease in the flow efficiency of the hydraulic oil during the return stroke. The telescopic rod 4001 resets slowly, thus achieving a shock absorption effect and preventing the two spacers 300 from approaching too close to cause contact short circuit or collision damage to the battery cells 100.

[0074] Embodiment 3

[0075] Referring to Figures 1 to 9 , this is the third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment. The difference is that the switching columns 4017 between the battery cells 100 can be synchronously switched to the connected state, so that low-temperature hydraulic oil can be connected for liquid cooling during charging of the battery module to prevent overheating and ignition.

[0076] Specifically, a linkage rod 4022 is fixedly arranged on the end face of the switching column 4017. The linkage rod 4022 penetrates through the communication pipe 4003. The end of the linkage rod 4022 slides through the outside of the buffer rod 400 and is provided with a linkage key 4023.

[0077] Among them, the linkage rod 4022 is arranged at the center of the end face of the switching column 4017. When the slider 4018 is located in the long groove 4015, the switching column 4017 blocks the sealing plug 4005. The diameter of the linkage rod 4022 is smaller than that of the communication pipe 4003. When the slider 4018 is located in the short groove 4016, the hydraulic oil enters the communication pipe 4003 through the switching column 4017 and the long groove 4015.

[0078] Preferably, when charging, low-temperature hydraulic oil is introduced into the switching column 4017, enters the spacer 300 through the connecting pipe 4003, and forms a liquid cooling cycle after being discharged, significantly reducing the temperature of the battery module during charging.

[0079] Preferably, a wedge-shaped cylinder 4024 is provided on the inner wall of one end of the switching column 4017 away from the linkage rod 4022. A ball is provided in the wedge-shaped cylinder 4024, and a third elastic member 4025 is provided between the ball and the wedge-shaped cylinder 4024. A sealing thread is also provided on the inner wall of the switching column 4017.

[0080] Among them, the third elastic member 4025 is a spring, and the spring is used to squeeze the ball to fit against the inner wall of the wedge-shaped cylinder 4024 to form a seal, so that the passing hydraulic oil can only flow unidirectionally. The hydraulic oil on one side of the spacer 300 flows in unidirectionally, and the other side flows out unidirectionally, forming a liquid cooling cycle.

[0081] Preferably, a locking cylinder 4026 is further provided on the end face of the wedge-shaped cylinder 4024. A sliding groove 4028 and a locking groove 4027 are respectively provided on the inner wall of the locking cylinder 4026, and the sliding groove 4028 is perpendicular to the locking groove 4027.

[0082] Among them, the linkage key 4023 is in the shape of a rectangular flat key, the locking groove 4027 is an arc-shaped short groove and is arranged clockwise starting from the sliding groove 4028. The linkage key 4023 on the linkage rod 4022 can slide along the sliding groove 4028 and fit into the locking groove 4027 for locking. An external threaded joint is rotatably sealed at one end of the buffer rod 400 close to the linkage rod 4022, which is used to connect the sealing thread on the inner wall of the switching column 4017 and form a sealed passage.

[0083] Preferably, the endmost buffer rod 400 is sealed with a threaded plug to prevent dust and moisture from entering.

[0084] In summary, during use, the linkage keys 4023 on adjacent linkage rods 4022 enter along the sliding grooves 4028 and cause the linkage rods 4022 to rotate 90° clockwise as a whole at the locking grooves 4027 to achieve locking. Subsequently, the switching column 4017 is pulled individually so that the slider 4018 on the connected switching column 4017 slides to the annular groove 4019, and then rotated 90° clockwise so that the slider 4018 switches from the long groove 4015 to the short groove 4016. At this time, a sealed passage is formed between the buffer rods 400, the working state of each buffer rod 400 is switched from buffering to circulating cooling, each spacer 300 is connected through the buffer rod 400 and forms a liquid cooling cycle to reduce the battery charging temperature. After use, reverse operation can switch to the buffering state, and buffering and shock absorption can be achieved through the buffer rod 400.

[0085] Embodiment 4

[0086] Refer toFigures 1 - 10 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, provides a battery safety assessment method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned battery module with battery cell spacers. This solution combines real-time monitoring and automatic power-off protection of photosensors to accurately detect fault locations. Intelligent data analysis and multi-dimensional monitoring ensure early warning and cooling protection. Hydraulic oil also plays a role in cooling and fire isolation.

[0087] Specifically, a battery safety assessment method includes:

[0088] S1: Battery module installation. Modular spacers 300 are filled between each battery cell 100 for physical isolation. Buffer rods 400 are used to connect each spacer 300. Each battery cell 100 is connected by a buffer rod 400 with fluorescent liquid to absorb impact and provide a detection mechanism. The buffer rod 400 is connected to the inside of the spacer 300 and is filled with flame-resistant hydraulic oil. Fluorescent night is added to the hydraulic oil, which emits fluorescence when in contact with air.

[0089] The buffer rod 400 is made of a high-toughness material to avoid damage during minor collisions, but it can be quickly damaged under major impacts or abnormal vibrations.

[0090] S2: Photosensitive sensor array monitoring: photosensitive sensors are arranged in key areas of the battery module to monitor the brightness changes caused by the leakage of fluorescent liquid in real time. The photosensitive sensors are connected in series to the power-off protector. Any photosensitive sensor in the battery module will automatically disconnect the circuit after receiving a light brightness value that exceeds the threshold.

[0091] Among them, the photosensor should have high sensitivity and be able to detect tiny changes in light to ensure fast response.

[0092] S3: Collision detection and fault location. The photosensor is also connected in parallel to the fault detection unit. The fault detection unit calculates the position coordinates of the photosensor that sends the signal through the signal data of the photosensor. When a sensor detects abnormal light, the specific position of the sensor is immediately recorded.

[0093] The fault detection unit performs real-time analysis on the data fed back by the sensor, and quickly determines whether a collision has occurred inside the battery module based on the detected light intensity, position, and duration. At the same time, it locates the position of the photosensitive signal source and determines the area where the battery cell 100 where the collision occurred is located.

[0094] S4: Intelligent data analysis and warning. The real-time monitoring data of the photosensitive sensor is uploaded to the processing unit located in the cloud, where pattern recognition and analysis are carried out through artificial intelligence algorithms to judge the trend and amplitude of the light change. Combining with historical data, the system can evaluate the health status of the battery module and potential fault hazards, so as to give early warnings and send signals to the alarm. When a fault occurs, visual or sound signals are used to prompt the user to pay attention, and at the same time, the fault information is recorded for subsequent maintenance.

[0095] S5: Add temperature sensors and current detection devices inside the battery module to ensure that in the event of abnormal situations such as collisions and damages, abnormal temperature rises and overcurrents that may occur inside the battery cell 100 can be detected in a timely manner. Combine the temperature and current monitoring results with the data of the photosensitive sensor for multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis to improve the safety and reliability of the system.

[0096] Among them, during charging, the anti-combustion hydraulic oil in the buffer rod 400 is used for circulating cooling. At the same time, in the event of a fire, the hydraulic oil leaks between each battery cell 100, playing a role in isolating the air and preventing further contact short-circuit of each battery cell 100. A hydraulic sensor is installed at the circulating coolant pump used to drive the hydraulic oil circulation at low temperature in the charging station. When the hydraulic oil pressure drops sharply, it is determined as an emergency, and the charging circuit is automatically disconnected to achieve automatic charging protection.

[0097] S6: Maintenance and response. Regularly check the integrity of the buffer rod 400 and the tightness of the fluorescent liquid to ensure that the buffer rod 400 will not affect the detection accuracy due to aging or fatigue after long-term use. When the system detects an abnormal collision in a certain area, immediately activate the fault isolation mechanism of the battery module to disconnect the faulty battery cell from the overall battery and prevent the expansion of potential safety hazards.

[0098] During the annual inspection of the battery module, the integrity of the buffer rod 400 and the tightness of the fluorescent liquid are used as measurement indicators, and when they exceed the set standards, they are scrapped.

[0099] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in multiple different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those who refer to this disclosure should easily understand that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application (for example, the dimensions, scales, structures, shapes and proportions of various elements, and parameter values (such as temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangements, use of materials, color, orientation changes, etc.). For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element may be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature, number or position of discrete elements may be altered or changed. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be altered or re-ordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any clause of "means-plus-function" is intended to cover the structures that perform the recited function herein, and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0100] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module with battery cell spacers, characterized in that: Comprising: Battery cells (100), which are arranged in a linear array to form a battery module; A connection mechanism, including a conduction member (200) disposed between the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells (100) and a bracket (201) fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the battery cell (100). The conduction member (200) is used to connect each battery cell (100) in series, and the connection between each battery cell (100) is detachable; A spacing mechanism, including a spacer (300) disposed between two adjacent battery cells (100). The spacer (300) is made of an insulating material, and its two sides are respectively attached to the outer shells of the two battery cells (100); A buffer mechanism, including a buffer rod (400) disposed on the bracket (201). Two adjacent brackets (201) are movably engaged and connected through the buffer rod (400), and the buffer rod (400) generates damping when two adjacent battery cells (100) approach; An installation hole (2004) is formed on the bracket (201), and the buffer rod (400) is movably fitted inside the installation hole (2004). A coil pipe is provided inside the spacer (300), and a hanging ear (3001) is provided on the upper end surface of the spacer (300), and the spacer (300) is snap-fitted and sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer rod (400) through the hanging ear (3001); An expansion rod (4001) is slidably disposed inside the inner wall of the buffer rod (400). A piston (4002) is provided at one end of the expansion rod (4001) located inside the buffer rod (400). A communication pipe (4003) is slidably disposed inside the piston (4002). Overflow holes (4004) are formed on the outer walls of both sides of the piston (4002) where the communication pipe (4003) is located; A sealing plug (4005) is provided at one end of the communication pipe (4003) that slides into the expansion rod (4001). The other end of the communication pipe (4003) is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the buffer rod (400). A first elastic member (4006) is provided between the sealing plug (4005) and the inner wall of the expansion rod (4001).

2. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning groove (2001) is provided on the bracket (201), and the positioning grooves (2001) between adjacent brackets (201) are mutually engaged. Positive electrode terminals (2002) and negative electrode terminals (2003) are respectively provided on both sides of the upper end surface of the battery cell (100).

3. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that: Teeth (4007) are provided in a circumferential array at one end of the piston (4002) located inside the expansion rod (4001). A collar (4008) is also slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the communication pipe (4003), and the collar (4008) is snap-fitted and sleeved on the outer walls of the teeth (4007).

4. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end face of the collar (4008) is circumferentially provided with oil leakage holes (4009). The buffer rod (400) and the piston (4002) enclose a first cavity (4011). The piston (4002) and the sealing plug (4005) enclose a second cavity (4012). The sealing plug (4005) and the telescopic rod (4001) enclose a third cavity (4013).

5. The battery module with battery cell spacers according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second elastic member (4014) is also slidably sleeved in the second cavity (4012). The second elastic member (4014) is sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe (4003) and is connected to the collar (4008) at one end. Long grooves (4015) and short grooves (4016) are respectively vertically formed in the sealing plug (4005). A switching column (4017) is slidably arranged in the sealing plug (4005). A slider (4018) is arranged on the outer wall of the switching column (4017). An annular groove (4019) is also coaxially formed in the sealing plug (4005). A liquid leakage port (4021) is formed at one end of the switching column (4017) that slides into the sealing plug (4005).

6. The battery module with a battery cell spacer as claimed in claim 5, wherein: A linkage rod (4022) is fixedly arranged on the end face of the switching column (4017). The linkage rod (4022) penetrates through the connecting pipe (4003). The end of the linkage rod (4022) slides through the outside of the buffer rod (400) and is provided with a linkage key (4023). A wedge-shaped cylinder (4024) is arranged on the inner wall of the end of the switching column (4017) away from the linkage rod (4022). A ball is arranged in the wedge-shaped cylinder (4024). A third elastic member (4025) is arranged between the ball and the wedge-shaped cylinder (4024). A sealing thread is also arranged on the inner wall of the switching column (4017). A locking cylinder (4026) is also arranged on the end face of the wedge-shaped cylinder (4024). A sliding groove (4028) and a locking groove (4027) are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the locking cylinder (4026). The sliding groove (4028) and the locking groove (4027) are vertically arranged.

7. A battery safety assessment method, implemented based on the battery module with battery cell spacers described in claim 6, characterized in that, Including: S1. Install the battery module. The spacers (300) are installed between each battery cell (100). The buffer rods (400) are used to connect between the spacers (300). S2. Arrange the photosensitive sensors in an array. The photosensitive sensors monitor the light brightness value in real time. The photosensitive sensors are connected to the power-off protector. The power-off protector receives the light brightness value and determines the state of the battery module, and controls the opening and closing of the battery circuit. S3. The photosensitive sensors are connected to the fault detection unit. Calculate the position coordinates according to the signal data of the photosensitive sensors and record the specific positions of the sensors, and judge the internal collision degree of the battery module and the area where the affected battery cells (100) are located. S4. Data analysis and warning. Judge the trend and amplitude of the light change according to the real-time monitoring data, and evaluate the health status and potential faults of the battery module in combination with historical data. S5. A temperature sensor and a current detection device are added inside the battery module to detect abnormal temperature rise and overcurrent occurring inside the battery cell (100), and the temperature and current monitoring results are combined with the photosensitive sensor data for multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis; S6. Regularly check the integrity of the buffer rod (400) and the tightness of the fluorescent liquid. When the system detects abnormal collision in a certain area, immediately activate the fault isolation mechanism of the battery module to disconnect the faulty battery cell from the overall battery.

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