Wireless Sensor Network Communication Method Based on Reverse Link Scheduling Communication Protocol

Abstract

This invention proposes a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol. Through self-testing, dynamic address allocation, and parameter negotiation, it achieves rapid and reliable access for sensor nodes. Simultaneously, the central controller adaptively configures and optimizes the communication parameters of sensor nodes based on their needs and network status. By introducing a dynamic scheduling method based on real-time network status, the transmission of important data can be prioritized according to the urgency of the data, the energy status of the nodes, and their communication quality. Furthermore, by introducing adaptive network congestion management technology, the data transmission strategy is dynamically adjusted, enhancing the network's adaptability and ensuring high efficiency and stability of communication under various environmental conditions. This invention not only improves the data transmission efficiency and reliability of wireless sensor networks but also significantly optimizes the overall energy management and performance of the network through intelligent adjustment strategies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless sensor network communication technology, and in particular to a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are complex distributed network systems composed of multiple dispersed sensor nodes. These nodes are responsible for sensing environmental information and transmitting it wirelessly to a central control unit. Each sensor node not only collects data but also performs preliminary data processing and decision support. In this network architecture, real-time and reliable data transmission is crucial for ensuring the overall performance and effectiveness of the system. Although existing communication protocols provide a foundation for the development of WSNs, in practical applications, effectively managing network resources, reducing energy consumption, and improving data processing speed while ensuring transmission reliability remains a challenge.

[0003] Traditional wireless sensor network communication protocols often face numerous limitations due to a lack of flexible data transmission mechanisms and efficient energy management strategies. For example, fixed data transmission strategies struggle to cope with network congestion, and non-optimal power control can lead to excessive node power consumption, reducing the network's lifespan. Furthermore, traditional protocols often fail to adequately consider the impact of environmental factors on network performance, which is particularly important in critical applications such as environmental monitoring or disaster emergency response. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol, the method comprising:

[0007] In the wireless sensor network, each sensor node powers on, obtains an IP address, and registers with the network, including: the sensor node constructs a registration packet and sends it to the central controller; after receiving the registration packet from the sensor node, the central controller creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system, and simultaneously constructs an acknowledgment packet containing communication parameters and the initial window size and returns it to the sensor node; after receiving the acknowledgment packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the acknowledgment packet and completes the registration.

[0008] During the data transmission phase, sensor nodes send data packets to the central controller within a specified time window according to the scheduling instructions of the central controller, and according to the set priority and frequency. After receiving the data packets, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor nodes in the node management system and processes the collected data. The central controller dynamically adjusts the transmission strategy based on real-time network load and QoS parameters, and feeds back to each sensor node through scheduling update packets. If the central controller or sensor nodes detect data packet loss, errors, or delays exceeding preset thresholds during data transmission, a retransmission mechanism is triggered. After the central controller successfully processes all data packets in a data window, it sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and makes further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback.

[0009] Furthermore, when the sensor node of the present invention is powered on, it first performs a self-test, including checking whether the functions of its sensors, memory, processor, and wireless communication module are normal. After completing the self-test, the sensor node automatically activates its wireless network interface, searches for available wireless networks, and requests an IP address through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to obtain an IP address. This includes: the sensor node sending a DHCP discovery packet to the network DHCP server, the network DHCP server responding with a DHCP offer packet, the sensor node sending a DHCP request packet, the network DHCP server sending a DHCP confirmation packet to confirm the IP address allocation, and the sensor node obtaining the IP address.

[0010] Furthermore, the registration package constructed by the sensor node during network registration according to the present invention includes the sensor node's unique identifier, hardware and software version information, and current status such as battery level and signal strength. The unique identifier includes the MAC address and device serial number. The registration package also includes the sensor node's configuration requirements, including data transmission frequency, data type, and expected quality of service parameters.

[0011] Furthermore, the sensor node of the present invention sends the registration packet to the central controller through a secure communication channel. After receiving the registration packet from the sensor node, the central controller first verifies the integrity of the registration packet and the legitimacy of the sending source. After confirming that there are no errors, it creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system. The record entry includes all the initial information and operating parameters of the sensor node, as well as a status field to track the activity status and communication history of the sensor node.

[0012] Furthermore, in this invention: based on the configuration requirements of the sensor nodes and the current network status, the central controller calculates and determines suitable communication parameters for the sensor nodes. The communication parameters include the allocated data communication window size, data priority, and retransmission strategy. The central controller constructs an acknowledgment packet, which contains the aforementioned communication parameters of the sensor nodes and various configuration information, including time synchronization information. The central controller sends the acknowledgment packet back to the corresponding sensor node through a secure communication channel. After receiving the acknowledgment packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the acknowledgment packet, including data cache management, priority scheduling, and transmission time window control, thus completing the registration process.

[0013] Furthermore, after receiving the data packet, the central controller of the present invention updates the status of the corresponding sensor node in the node management system, including updating the transmission statistics information of the corresponding sensor node in the status management table, including the amount of data sent, packet loss rate, and average latency; then the central controller stores the data packet in the buffer queue and performs scheduling processing according to priority and latency requirements.

[0014] Furthermore, after the central controller of the present invention successfully processes all data packets of a data window, it sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and performs further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback. This includes: after successfully processing all data packets of a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to notify it that the data cache within the corresponding data window can be released to save storage space; simultaneously, the central controller calculates the parameters of the next data window based on the latest network status and sensor node transmission statistics, and sends the updated parameters to the corresponding sensor node via the window confirmation packet; upon receiving the window confirmation packet, the sensor node first releases the data cache of the confirmed data window, and then adjusts its own data transmission strategy based on the updated parameters in the confirmation packet, including updating the data window size, priority threshold, and retransmission timeout; thus, a closed-loop dynamic adjustment process is formed between the sensor node and the central controller, continuously optimizing data transmission performance.

[0015] Furthermore, in this invention, during the operation of the sensor nodes, the central controller periodically sends health detection packets to the operating sensor nodes to check their working status and resource usage. After receiving the health detection packet, the sensor node replies with a health status packet, reporting its key parameters, including battery level, storage space, and processing load. The central controller dynamically adjusts the resource allocation strategy for the sensor nodes based on their corresponding health status packets, including reducing the data window and lowering the sampling frequency, to extend the lifespan of the sensor nodes.

[0016] Furthermore, if the central controller or sensor node of the present invention detects data packet loss, errors, or delays exceeding a preset threshold, it triggers a retransmission mechanism, specifically including:

[0017] The central controller sends a retransmission request to the corresponding sensor node, specifying the data packet number that needs to be retransmitted;

[0018] After receiving a retransmission request, the sensor node first retrieves the data packet with the specified number from its local cache and retransmits it; at the same time, the sensor node pauses its current transmission window and waits for retransmission confirmation from the central controller.

[0019] Once the central controller receives the retransmitted data packet and confirms that it is correct, it sends a retransmission confirmation to the sensor node, notifying the corresponding sensor node to restore the normal data transmission window and scheduling mechanism.

[0020] Furthermore, in this invention, when the resource usage of a sensor node deteriorates to a certain extent, including when the power or storage space is below the warning threshold, the sensor node actively sends a resource warning packet to the central controller.

[0021] After receiving a resource warning packet from a sensor node, the central controller suspends the allocation of new data transmission tasks to the corresponding sensor node and starts a resource scheduling algorithm to try to reclaim some idle resources from other sensor nodes or reduce the burden on the corresponding sensor node by changing the data transmission path. At the same time, the central controller sends a scheduling adjustment packet to the corresponding sensor node, instructing the corresponding sensor node to reduce its workload in order to extend the availability of the sensor node as much as possible.

[0022] The aforementioned wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol effectively addresses dynamic changes and potential congestion in wireless sensor networks by dynamically adjusting data transmission strategies. The wireless sensor network communication method proposed in this invention introduces a dynamic scheduling method based on real-time network status, which prioritizes the transmission of important data based on the urgency of the data, the energy status of nodes, and their communication quality. Secondly, it implements intelligent power control, adjusting the transmission power according to the distance between sensor nodes and the central controller and the current network congestion status, thereby reducing energy consumption and extending the working life of sensor nodes. Finally, by introducing adaptive network congestion management technology, it enhances the network's adaptability, ensuring high efficiency and stability of communication under various environmental conditions.

[0023] Therefore, the wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol proposed in this invention not only improves the data transmission efficiency and reliability of wireless sensor networks, but also significantly optimizes the overall energy management and performance of the network through intelligent adjustment strategies, providing solid technical support for the widespread application of wireless sensor networks. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] This invention discloses a method for improving communication efficiency and network reliability in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by utilizing an optimized backlink scheduling (BLS) communication protocol. The method covers the data transmission process from sensor nodes (SNs) to the central controller (CC) and improves the overall network performance through fine-grained network scheduling and resource management.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol is provided, comprising:

[0027] In a wireless sensor network, each sensor node powers on, obtains an IP address, and registers with the network. This process includes: the sensor node constructs a registration packet and sends it to the central controller; after receiving the registration packet (RP) from the sensor node, the central controller creates a record entry for the sensor node in the Node Management System (NMS) and simultaneously constructs an acknowledgment packet (AP) containing communication parameters and the initial window size and returns it to the sensor node; after receiving the acknowledgment packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the acknowledgment packet and completes the registration.

[0028] During the data transmission phase, sensor nodes send data packets (DP) according to predetermined priorities and frequencies within a specified time window, following the scheduling instructions of the central controller. After receiving the data packets, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor nodes in the Node Management System (NMS) and processes the collected data.

[0029] To cope with network congestion and changes, the central controller dynamically adjusts the transmission strategy based on real-time network load and QoS parameters, and feeds back to each sensor node through a Schedule Update Packet (SUP).

[0030] If, during data transmission, the central controller or sensor node detects data packet loss, errors, or delays exceeding a preset threshold, a retransmission mechanism is triggered. After the central controller successfully processes all data packets in a data window, it sends a window acknowledgment packet (WAP) to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data and makes further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback.

[0031] This invention addresses the optimization mechanism for sensor node (SN) initialization and network access processes in wireless sensor networks, including self-testing, dynamic IP address allocation, registration packet (RP) and acknowledgment packet (AP) interaction, and an adaptive configuration method for sensor node communication parameters by the central controller.

[0032] In one embodiment, specifically, when the sensor node powers on, it first performs a self-test, including checking whether its sensors, memory, processor, and wireless communication module are functioning properly. After completing the self-test, the sensor node automatically activates its wireless network interface, searches for available wireless networks, and requests an IP address through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to obtain an IP address. This includes: the sensor node sending a DHCP Discover packet to the network DHCP server; the network DHCP server responding with a DHCP Offer packet; the sensor node sending a DHCP Request packet; the network DHCP server sending a DHCP Confirmation packet to confirm the IP address allocation; and the sensor node obtaining the IP address.

[0033] In one embodiment, the sensor node performs network registration, constructing a registration package. The registration package contains the sensor node's unique identifier, node location, hardware and software version information, and current status such as battery level and signal strength. The unique identifier includes the MAC address and device serial number. The registration package also includes the sensor node's configuration requirements, including data transmission frequency, data type, and expected quality of service parameters.

[0034] In one embodiment, the sensor node sends a registration packet to the central controller via a secure communication channel (such as a link encrypted with SSL / TLS). Upon receiving the registration packet from the sensor node, the central controller first verifies the integrity of the registration packet and the legitimacy of the sending source. After confirming that everything is correct, it creates a record entry for the sensor node in the Node Management System (NMS). The record entry includes all the initial information and operating parameters of the sensor node, as well as a status field to track the sensor node's activity status and communication history.

[0035] In one embodiment, the central controller's node management system creates a global sensor node status management table to record the data transmission status and resource usage of each sensor node. When the central controller receives a registration packet sent by a sensor node, it creates a record entry for the corresponding sensor node in the status management table. The recorded information includes the sensor node's ID, hardware parameters, data type, and quality of service requirements.

[0036] Based on the configuration requirements of the sensor nodes and the current network status, the central controller calculates and determines suitable communication parameters for the sensor nodes, including the allocated data communication window size, data priority, and retransmission strategy. The central controller constructs an acknowledgment packet containing the aforementioned communication parameters of the sensor nodes, as well as various configuration information, including time synchronization information. The central controller sends the acknowledgment packet back to the corresponding sensor node through a secure communication channel (such as a connection encrypted with SSL / TLS), completing the registration process.

[0037] The initialization and network access processes of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks have been optimized by introducing mechanisms such as self-testing, dynamic IP address allocation, and registration packet (RP) and acknowledgment packet (AP) interaction to achieve fast and reliable access for sensor nodes. Simultaneously, the central controller adaptively configures the communication parameters of sensor nodes based on their needs and network status, ensuring efficient network operation. This entire registration process not only provides the necessary technical support for successful sensor node access and operation but also ensures that the overall network configuration accurately adapts to the functional requirements and environmental conditions of each sensor node, thereby optimizing network resource utilization and enhancing the performance and reliability of the entire wireless sensor network.

[0038] In one embodiment, the method further includes: after the sensor node completes network registration, the central controller estimates the distance between the sensor node and the central controller based on the node location of the sensor node in the registration packet. d Meanwhile, the central controller continuously monitors the network's congestion status and defines a congestion metric. r (For example, average packet latency, packet loss rate, etc.). The central controller determines the distance... d and congestion metrics r Through a predefined power control function P ( d , r To calculate the optimal transmit power of the sensor node. P opt The power control function P ( d , r Using a two-dimensional lookup table and analytic functions:

[0039]

[0040] in, P min To ensure the minimum transmission power and maintain the communication range of sensor nodes in the absence of interference; α and β The distance factor and congestion factor control the degree of their impact on transmit power, respectively, and can be adjusted according to the actual network environment and application requirements. The central controller will calculate the optimal power value. P opt The control packet is sent to the sensor node. Upon receiving it, the sensor node adjusts its own transmit power to... P opt And use this transmit power each time a data packet is sent.

[0041] In addition, the central controller will periodically (every other time) T pc (seconds) Recalculate the optimal power value and update it to the sensor node. Update cycle T pc The update frequency can be set according to the dynamic changes in the network, and its effectiveness and control overhead are proportional to the timeliness of the transmit power control. Sensor nodes can also adaptively fine-tune their transmit power based on actual transmission conditions. For example, if continuous... N fail If the next data packet transmission fails, the sensor node will increase the transmission power by one step. P step If continuous N succ If the transmission is successful, the sensor node will reduce its transmission power by one step. P step Here N fail , N succ and P step All values ​​are predefined empirical values. Intelligent power control of the sensor network can be achieved by combining power control by the central controller with adaptive fine-tuning by the sensor nodes: on the one hand, the central controller sets the basic operating power based on global information (node ​​distance and network congestion status); on the other hand, the sensor nodes adaptively adjust based on their own local observation information. This multi-level, collaborative power control mechanism not only meets communication requirements but also minimizes energy consumption and extends network lifetime.

[0042] To evaluate the effectiveness of intelligent power control, the energy efficiency ratio can be defined as a performance metric:

[0043]

[0044] in, D total This refers to the total amount of data transmitted by a wireless sensor network during its lifetime. E total This represents the total energy consumed by all sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network during this period. or A higher value indicates a greater amount of data transferred per unit of energy, and thus higher energy efficiency in power control. The above content further refines and supplements the description of intelligent power control in this invention. By introducing specific designs such as power control functions, periodic update mechanisms, and node adaptive fine-tuning, the completeness and professionalism of this optimization mechanism are enhanced. Simultaneously, the newly added performance evaluation indicators provide a basis for quantifying the effectiveness of intelligent power control.

[0045] Furthermore, the present invention is based on a WSN data transmission optimization strategy with dynamic scheduling and feedback, including real-time adjustment of parameters such as transmission window, priority, and retransmission strategy of sensor nodes by the central controller, and a closed-loop control mechanism implemented through scheduling update packets (SUP).

[0046] In one embodiment, after receiving the data packet, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor node in the node management system, including updating the transmission statistics of the corresponding sensor node in the status management table, including the amount of data sent, packet loss rate, and average latency. Then, the central controller stores the data packet (DP) in a buffer queue and schedules it according to priority and latency requirements.

[0047] In one embodiment, after the central controller successfully processes all data packets in a data window, it sends a Window Acknowledgment Packet (WAP) to the corresponding sensor node to confirm complete data reception. Further parameter adjustments are then made based on network performance feedback. These adjustments include: after successfully processing all data packets in a data window, the central controller sends a WAP to the corresponding sensor node to notify it that the data buffer within the corresponding data window can be released to save storage space; simultaneously, the central controller calculates the parameters for the next data window based on the latest network status and sensor node transmission statistics, and sends the updated parameters to the corresponding sensor node via the WAP. Upon receiving the WAP, the sensor node first releases the data buffer of the confirmed data window, and then adjusts its data transmission strategy according to the updated parameters in the WAP, including updating the data window size, priority threshold, and retransmission timeout. This creates a closed-loop dynamic adjustment process between the sensor node and the central controller, continuously optimizing data transmission performance.

[0048] This invention employs a data transmission optimization strategy based on dynamic scheduling and feedback. The central controller adjusts the transmission window, priority, retransmission strategy, etc. of each sensor node in real time according to network load and performance parameters, and forms a closed-loop control with the sensor nodes through scheduling update packets, so that the wireless sensor network always maintains the optimal working state.

[0049] In one embodiment, during the operation of the sensor nodes, the central controller periodically sends Health Detection Packets (HDPs) to the running sensor nodes to check their operational status and resource usage. Upon receiving a Health Detection Packet (HDP), the sensor node replies with a Health Status Packet (HSP), reporting key parameters such as battery level, storage space, and processing load. Based on the corresponding Health Status Packet (HSP) of each sensor node, the central controller dynamically adjusts its resource allocation strategy for the sensor nodes, such as reducing the data window or lowering the sampling frequency, to extend the lifespan of the sensor nodes.

[0050] In one embodiment, if the central controller or sensor node detects data packet loss, errors, or delays exceeding a preset threshold, a retransmission mechanism is triggered. Specifically, the central controller sends a retransmission request (RR) to the corresponding sensor node, specifying the data packet number that needs to be retransmitted. Upon receiving the retransmission request (RR), the sensor node first retrieves the data packet with the specified number from its local cache and retransmits it. Simultaneously, the sensor node pauses its current transmission window and waits for a retransmission confirmation (RAP) from the central controller. When the central controller receives the retransmitted data packet and confirms its correctness, it sends a retransmission confirmation (RAP) to the sensor node, notifying the corresponding sensor node to restore the normal data transmission window and scheduling mechanism. In this way, through timely retransmission feedback and scheduling pause, the optimized Backlink Scheduling (BLS) communication protocol can effectively control the retransmission process, reduce the impact of retransmissions on normal data transmission, and improve network resource utilization efficiency.

[0051] Through the aforementioned efficient data retransmission control mechanism, lost data can be retransmitted quickly and reliably via protocol interaction between the central controller and sensor nodes, while minimizing the impact of retransmission on normal transmission, thus significantly improving the network's transmission efficiency and real-time performance.

[0052] Furthermore, this invention introduces a node resource monitoring and early warning mechanism for wireless sensor networks. The central controller monitors the working status and resource usage of each sensor node in real time and dynamically optimizes resource allocation. When sensor node resources are insufficient, this mechanism can promptly trigger an early warning and take countermeasures, improving the robustness and sustainability of the entire wireless sensor network. In one embodiment, when the resource usage of a sensor node deteriorates to a certain extent, such as when battery power or storage space falls below an early warning threshold, the sensor node proactively sends a Resource Warning Packet (RWP) to the central controller. Upon receiving the RWP, the central controller suspends the allocation of new data transmission tasks to the corresponding sensor node and initiates a resource scheduling algorithm to attempt to reclaim some idle resources from other sensor nodes or reduce the burden on the corresponding sensor node by changing the data transmission path. Simultaneously, the central controller sends a Schedule Adjustment Packet (SAP) to the corresponding sensor node, instructing it to further reduce its workload to extend the sensor node's availability time as much as possible. This proactive early warning and scheduling adjustment mechanism can help the BLS communication protocol take emergency measures when sensor node resources are critical, preventing premature sensor node failure and its impact on the entire WSN operation.

[0053] This invention can improve the communication efficiency and reliability of wireless sensor networks. By performing fine management and dynamic optimization of the data transmission process from sensor nodes to the central controller in the wireless sensor network, it can minimize energy consumption and latency while ensuring data transmission reliability and extending the network life cycle.

[0054] Compared to existing technologies, this invention offers higher communication efficiency and reliability: by introducing refined scheduling and optimization mechanisms at each stage of data transmission, such as dynamically adjusting transmission windows, priorities, and retransmission strategies, it can maximize the utilization of network resources and reduce data transmission latency and packet loss rates. Existing technologies typically employ static or preset scheduling strategies, which are ill-suited to the dynamic changes in wireless sensor networks, resulting in insufficient communication efficiency and reliability.

[0055] Compared to existing technologies, this invention offers more flexible network access and configuration: it provides an optimized initialization and access mechanism for sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, enabling rapid and reliable access through self-testing, dynamic address allocation, and parameter negotiation. Simultaneously, the central controller can adaptively configure and optimize communication parameters based on the needs of the sensor nodes and network conditions. In contrast, existing technologies typically lack flexibility in network access and configuration, making it difficult to adapt to the diverse needs of sensor nodes and dynamic changes in network conditions.

[0056] Compared to existing technologies, this invention features more intelligent data transmission optimization: It employs a dynamic feedback-based data transmission optimization strategy, where the central controller and sensor nodes continuously interact through scheduling update packets, forming a real-time closed-loop control. This allows the network to adaptively adjust its transmission strategy based on the current state. Existing technologies typically lack dynamic feedback and optimization mechanisms, making it difficult to intelligently optimize data transmission during runtime.

[0057] Compared to existing technologies, this invention features a more efficient retransmission control mechanism: This invention designs a highly efficient data retransmission control mechanism that, through protocol interaction between the central controller and sensor nodes, accurately identifies lost data and performs targeted retransmissions, while minimizing interference with normal transmission. Existing technologies typically employ simple timeout retransmission or redundant retransmission strategies for retransmission control, which are inefficient and easily introduce additional overhead.

[0058] Compared to existing technologies, this invention offers more comprehensive resource monitoring and early warning: It introduces a node resource monitoring and early warning mechanism for wireless sensor networks. The central controller monitors the working status and resource usage of each sensor node in real time and dynamically optimizes resource allocation strategies accordingly. When node resources are insufficient, it can also provide timely warnings and take countermeasures. Existing technologies typically lack the ability to comprehensively monitor and dynamically manage node resources in wireless sensor networks, making it difficult to achieve efficient utilization of network resources and long-term stable node operation.

[0059] Compared to existing technologies, this invention offers better scalability and adaptability: Adopting a modular design approach, its various optimization mechanisms (such as dynamic scheduling, adaptive configuration, and intelligent retransmission) can be flexibly combined and configured to adapt to the needs of wireless sensor networks of different scales and application scenarios. The main mechanisms of this invention, such as dynamic scheduling, adaptive configuration, and intelligent retransmission, all possess good scalability, facilitating the integration of new optimization strategies and algorithms. In contrast, existing technologies are typically designed for specific applications or network environments, resulting in poor scalability and adaptability.

[0060] Through the aforementioned series of optimization operations, this invention comprehensively improves the communication performance, resource utilization efficiency, and adaptive capabilities of WSN by introducing refined management and dynamic scheduling mechanisms in initialization, data transmission, retransmission control, and resource monitoring. It can continuously monitor and dynamically adjust the working status and resource usage of each sensor node in the wireless sensor network. Starting from multiple dimensions such as data transmission strategy, retransmission control, and resource allocation, it maximizes the network's throughput, reliability, and energy utilization efficiency, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the wireless sensor network.

[0061] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0062] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wireless sensor network communication method based on a reverse link scheduling communication protocol, characterized in that, The method includes: In the wireless sensor network, each sensor node powers on, obtains an IP address, and registers with the network, including: the sensor node constructs a registration packet and sends it to the central controller; after receiving the registration packet from the sensor node, the central controller creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system, and simultaneously constructs an acknowledgment packet containing communication parameters and the initial window size and returns it to the sensor node; after receiving the acknowledgment packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the acknowledgment packet and completes the registration. During the data transmission phase, sensor nodes send data packets to the central controller within a specified time window according to the scheduling instructions of the central controller, and according to the set priority and frequency. After receiving the data packets, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor nodes in the node management system and processes the collected data. The central controller dynamically adjusts the transmission strategy based on real-time network load and QoS parameters, and feeds back to each sensor node through scheduling update packets. During data transmission, if the central controller or sensor nodes detect data packet loss, errors, or delays exceeding preset thresholds, a retransmission mechanism is triggered. After the central controller successfully processes all data packets in a data window, it sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to confirm the complete reception of the data, and makes further parameter adjustments based on network performance feedback.

2. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1, characterized in that, When a sensor node powers on, it first performs a self-test, including checking the functionality of its sensors, memory, processor, and wireless communication module. After completing the self-test, the sensor node automatically activates its wireless network interface, searches for available wireless networks, and requests an IP address through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This process includes: the sensor node sending a DHCP Discover packet to the network DHCP server; the network DHCP server responding with a DHCP Offer packet; the sensor node sending a DHCP Request packet; the network DHCP server sending a DHCP Confirmation packet to confirm the IP address allocation; and the sensor node obtaining the IP address.

3. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1, characterized in that, The registration packet constructed by a sensor node when registering with the network contains the sensor node's unique identifier, node location, hardware and software version information, and current status. The unique identifier includes the MAC address and device serial number, and the current status includes the current battery level and signal strength. The registration packet also includes the sensor node's configuration requirements, which include data transmission frequency, data type, and expected quality of service parameters.

4. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor node sends the registration packet to the central controller through a secure communication channel. After receiving the registration packet from the sensor node, the central controller first verifies the integrity of the registration packet and the legitimacy of the sending source. After confirming that there are no errors, it creates a record entry for the sensor node in the node management system. The record entry includes all the initial information and operating parameters of the sensor node, as well as a status field to track the activity status and communication history of the sensor node.

5. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Based on the configuration requirements of the sensor nodes and the current network status, the central controller calculates and determines suitable communication parameters for the sensor nodes. These parameters include the allocated data communication window size, data priority, and retransmission strategy. The central controller constructs an acknowledgment packet containing the aforementioned communication parameters of the sensor nodes, as well as various configuration information, including time synchronization information. The central controller sends the acknowledgment packet back to the corresponding sensor node through a secure communication channel. Upon receiving the acknowledgment packet, the sensor node initializes its own data transmission strategy according to the parameters in the acknowledgment packet, including data buffer management, priority scheduling, and transmission time window control, thus completing the registration process.

6. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 5, characterized in that, After the sensor node completes network registration, the central controller estimates the distance between the sensor node and the central controller based on the node location in the registration packet. d ; The central controller continuously monitors the network's congestion status and defines a congestion metric. ρ The central controller is based on the distance d and congestion metrics ρ The optimal transmit power of the sensor node is calculated using a power control function. P opt : in, P min To ensure the minimum transmission power and the communication range of sensor nodes in the absence of interference; α and β These are the distance factor and the congestion factor, which control the degree of their impact on the transmission power, respectively. The central controller will calculate the optimal power value P opt The control packet is sent to the sensor node. Upon receiving it, the sensor node adjusts its own transmit power to... P opt And use this transmit power each time a data packet is sent; Central controller every T pc The optimal power value is recalculated and updated to the sensor node every second, with an update cycle of [number of seconds]. T pc The update frequency is set according to the speed of dynamic changes in the network, and the timeliness and control overhead of the transmit power control are proportional to the frequency.

7. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6, characterized in that, After receiving the data packet, the central controller updates the status of the corresponding sensor node in the node management system, including updating the transmission statistics of the corresponding sensor node in the status management table, including the amount of data sent, packet loss rate, and average latency. Then, the central controller stores the data packet in the buffer queue and schedules it according to priority and latency requirements.

8. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 7, characterized in that, After successfully processing all data packets in a data window, the central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to confirm complete data reception. Based on network performance feedback, further parameter adjustments are made, including: The central controller sends a window confirmation packet to the corresponding sensor node to notify it that the data buffer within the corresponding data window can be released to save storage space; simultaneously, the central controller calculates the parameters for the next data window based on the latest network status and sensor node transmission statistics, and sends the updated parameters to the corresponding sensor node via a window confirmation packet; upon receiving the window confirmation packet, the sensor node first releases the data buffer of the confirmed data window, and then adjusts its data transmission strategy according to the updated parameters in the confirmation packet, including updating the data window size, priority threshold, and retransmission timeout. This forms a closed-loop dynamic adjustment process between the sensor node and the central controller, continuously optimizing data transmission performance.

9. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the operation of sensor nodes, the central controller periodically sends health probe packets to the running sensor nodes to check their working status and resource usage. After receiving the health probe packet, the sensor node replies with a health status packet, reporting its key parameters, including battery level, storage space, and processing load. The central controller dynamically adjusts the resource allocation strategy for the sensor nodes based on their corresponding health status packets, including reducing the data window and lowering the sampling frequency, to extend the lifespan of the sensor nodes.

10. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 9, characterized in that, If the central controller or sensor node detects data packet loss, errors, or delays exceeding a preset threshold, it triggers a retransmission mechanism, including: The central controller sends a retransmission request to the corresponding sensor node, specifying the data packet number that needs to be retransmitted; After receiving a retransmission request, the sensor node first retrieves the data packet with the specified number from its local cache and retransmits it; at the same time, the sensor node pauses its current transmission window and waits for retransmission confirmation from the central controller. Once the central controller receives the retransmitted data packet and confirms that it is correct, it sends a retransmission confirmation to the sensor node, notifying the corresponding sensor node to restore the normal data transmission window and scheduling mechanism.

11. The wireless sensor network communication method based on the reverse link scheduling communication protocol according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, or 10, characterized in that, When the resource usage of a sensor node deteriorates to a certain extent, including when the power or storage space falls below the warning threshold, the sensor node proactively sends a resource warning packet to the central controller. After receiving a resource warning packet from a sensor node, the central controller suspends the allocation of new data transmission tasks to the corresponding sensor node and starts a resource scheduling algorithm to try to reclaim some idle resources from other sensor nodes or reduce the burden on the corresponding sensor node by changing the data transmission path. At the same time, the central controller sends a scheduling adjustment packet to the corresponding sensor node, instructing the corresponding sensor node to reduce its workload in order to extend the availability of the sensor node as much as possible.

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