A method for constructing a rice green production paddy field ecosystem

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of construction methods of rice green production paddy field ecosystem, the method includes: reasonable application organic fertilizer, select suitable local climatic conditions, strong resistance, high yield, rice quality is excellent rice variety as main cultivation variety, set up ecological ditch around paddy field, plant aquatic plant, control the number of pests by releasing natural enemy insects, introduce duck into paddy field during rice growth, promote rice growth.Finally, establish disease and pest monitoring and early warning system, regularly detect paddy field ecological environment, take measures in time to cope with possible problems.The present application aims to integrate the trinity of "ecological benefits + ornamental value + economic benefits" green rice production system.Through the present application, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can be effectively reduced, the yield and quality of rice can be improved, the ecological environment can be protected, and sustainable development can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for constructing a green rice production paddy ecosystem. Background Technology

[0002] Green agricultural development is an inevitable requirement for implementing the new development philosophy and promoting supply-side structural reform in agriculture, and it is also a lasting driving force for achieving cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and increased farmers' income. In recent years, my country's grain output has achieved continuous growth, and the overall agricultural productivity has rapidly increased. At the same time, the production methods that rely excessively on chemical fertilizers and pesticides have had significant negative impacts, leading to increasingly severe agricultural non-point source pollution, heavy metal pollution, and a decline in rice quality. This poses a huge challenge to food security and sustainable agricultural development, causing serious agricultural environmental and agricultural product safety issues.

[0003] With increasing public awareness of food safety and environmental protection, green rice production has become a trend in modern agricultural development. Based on reducing fertilizer and pesticide use, integrated rice-duck, rice-fish, and rice-shrimp farming models have become the preferred choice for improving economic benefits. However, these symbiotic models often suffer from inadequate field facilities and unregulated farming practices, leading to damage to the overall structure of the paddy fields and reduced rice yields, failing to demonstrate the production advantages of rice.

[0004] Existing green control methods for rice diseases and pests propose the targeted application of highly effective, low-toxicity, and environmentally friendly biological pesticides at different stages of rice production. However, these pesticide solutions are complex in composition, difficult to prepare, and require multiple applications, which is detrimental to agricultural production. Therefore, exploring a green production method that can ensure high and stable rice yields while protecting the ecological environment is of paramount importance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing a green rice production paddy ecosystem. Through the selection of superior rice varieties, biological control, rice-duck symbiosis and other models, a paddy production environment that integrates ecological benefits, ornamental value and economic benefits is constructed to achieve green rice production.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for constructing a green rice production paddy ecosystem includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Application of organic fertilizer: After the previous crop is harvested, apply organic fertilizer in a reasonable manner to improve soil fertility and improve soil structure;

[0009] (2) Selection of superior rice varieties: Select rice varieties that are suitable for local climate conditions, have strong resistance, high yield and good rice quality as the main varieties, and start sowing in late March and transplanting in mid-to-late April;

[0010] (3) Utilization of ecological ditches and field ridges: Ecological ditches are set up around the paddy fields, and aquatic plants are planted at the four corners of the ditches to enhance the biodiversity of the paddy fields. At the same time, the inner ridges of the paddy fields are set up with a width of 30cm and a height of 10-15cm above the field surface. After the rice turns green, the inner ridges are opened to create multiple field gaps for drying.

[0011] (4) Establishment of paddy field ecosystem: In early May, seeds of flowering plants were sown in two rows. At the same time, a clump of vetiver grass was planted every 5m along the edge of the paddy field as a attractant for rice stem borers. When the adult eggs of rice stem borers hatch, they will be preyed upon by natural enemy insects, thereby enhancing the biodiversity of paddy fields.

[0012] (5) Biological control: During the tillering stage of rice, place one sex pheromone trap per mu in the paddy field to kill adult rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers.

[0013] (6) Control of pests with biological pesticides: Select one or two biological pesticides in combination for pest control according to the target pests and diseases, and apply the pesticides during the tillering stage and the early heading stage of rice.

[0014] (7) Rice-duck symbiosis for disease and pest control: In early May, rice ducks are released into the paddy fields. The appropriate time to release the ducks is one week after the rice is transplanted, when the rice enters the tillering stage. The rice ducks are collected after the rice panicles enter the milk stage.

[0015] (8) Monitoring and management: Configure intelligent pest monitoring instruments to monitor rice-growing areas in real time, establish a pest monitoring and early warning system, regularly test the ecological environment of rice fields, and take timely measures to deal with possible problems based on pest monitoring data.

[0016] Furthermore, the main cultivated variety in step (2) is a high-quality variety whose rice quality reaches or exceeds the national standard level 2.

[0017] Furthermore, the superior varieties at or above the second level include: Yixiangyou 2115, Chuanyou 6203, and Linliangyou Huazhan.

[0018] Furthermore, the ecological ditch described in step (3) is a U-shaped ring ditch that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a width of 150-200cm at the top, a width of 80cm at the bottom, and a depth of 80-100cm.

[0019] Furthermore, the aquatic plants mentioned in step (3) include: water bamboo; the flowering plants mentioned in step (4) include: sesame.

[0020] Furthermore, the natural enemy insects mentioned in step (4) include: ichneumon wasps, ladybugs, and spiders.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (5), the traps are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in the field, with the bottom of the traps 20-30cm away from the rice canopy, and the trap filter is replaced once a month.

[0022] Furthermore, the use of biological pesticides to control pests in step (6) includes:

[0023] Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad are used to control rice stem borers and rice planthoppers;

[0024] Jinggangmycin and Jinggang·Bacillus cereus are used to control rice sheath blight and rice false smut.

[0025] Bacillus subtilis and kasugamycin are used to control rice blast.

[0026] Furthermore, the rice-duck system described in step (7) consists of Muscovy ducks and Peking ducks in a 3:1 ratio, with 10 to 15 rice-ducks per mu of paddy field.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. This invention aims to integrate ecological benefits, ornamental value, and economic benefits into a unified green rice production system. Through this invention, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can be effectively reduced, rice yield and quality can be increased, and the ecological environment can be protected, thus achieving sustainable development.

[0029] 2. The paddy field ecosystem of the present invention can effectively increase the actual yield of rice, and compared with conventional rice planting, it can also significantly reduce the incidence of rice blast and sheath blight.

[0030] 3. This invention utilizes vetiver grass and sesame planted along paddy field ridges to establish a paddy field ecosystem, enhancing the natural pest control capabilities of the rice ecosystem. Under the monitoring of an insect pest control system, pheromone traps and insecticidal lamps are used to trap and kill pests such as rice stem borers, rice planthoppers, and rice thrips. Taking the rice stem borer, a major rice pest, as a typical example of control effectiveness, the integrated pest management efficiency of green rice production reaches 86.8% compared to conventional planting. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Specific embodiments of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following figures:

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the construction of the rice paddy ecological environment;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of ecological ditch layout;

[0034] Figure 3 The incidence rates of rice blast and sheath blight are as follows. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] A method for constructing a green rice production paddy ecosystem includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Application of organic fertilizer: After the previous crop is harvested, alfalfa is sown as green manure. When the paddy field is deeply plowed, alfalfa is broken up and turned into the field, and 20 kg / mu of oil cake is spread as organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility, improve soil structure and promote healthy growth of rice.

[0038] (2) Selection of superior rice varieties: Select superior varieties with rice quality that meet or exceed the national standard of Grade II, such as Yixiangyou 2115, Chuanyou 6203, Linliangyou Huazhan, etc., which are the main varieties promoted in Sichuan Province. These varieties have strong resistance and good adaptability. Sow on March 20 and transplant seedlings in mid-to-late April.

[0039] (3) Setting up ecological ditches and inner embankments: Dig a U-shaped ring ditch around the inner perimeter of the paddy field embankment near the planting layer. The ditch is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a width of 150-200cm at the top and a width of 80cm at the bottom, and a depth of 80-100cm. Plant water chestnuts, an aquatic plant, at the four corners of the ditch, which can not only conserve water quality but also provide a sheltered area for rice-duck activities. At the same time, set up inner embankments 30cm wide and 10-15cm higher than the field surface to prevent soil from falling into the ditch. After the rice turns green, open the inner embankments to create multiple field gaps for drying.

[0040] (4) Establishment of Paddy Field Ecosystem: Compared to soybeans or zinnias, sesame has a longer flowering period and higher economic value. In early May, two weeks after rice transplanting, the soil along the field edges was loosened, and sesame seeds were planted in two rows along the field ridges. Sesame is a flowering plant, which helps to nurture and protect natural enemies such as parasitic wasps and ladybugs. At the same time, a clump of vetiver grass was planted every 5 meters along the field ridges as a attractant for rice stem borers. The fragrance provided by the vetiver grass attracts adult rice stem borers to lay eggs, which then become prey for the insects when they hatch. The greenery planted along the field ridges further improves the ecological environment and enhances the biodiversity of the paddy fields.

[0041] (5) Biological control: During the rice tillering stage, place sex pheromone traps in the paddy field, one trap per acre, to kill adult rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers. The traps are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in the field, with the bottom of the trap 20-30cm away from the rice canopy. The trap filter is replaced monthly. The rice plants in the middle of the field are of uniform size; the sex pheromone traps are evenly distributed.

[0042] (6) Control of pests with biological pesticides: Select one or two biological pesticides in combination for pest control based on the target pest. For example, use Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad to control rice stem borers and planthoppers; use Jinggangmycin and Jinggang·Bacillus cereus to control rice sheath blight and rice false smut; and use Bacillus subtilis and kasugamycin to control rice blast. Apply pesticides during the tillering stage and the early heading stage of rice.

[0043] (7) Rice-duck symbiosis for disease and pest control: A 100cm high nylon net is erected along the paddy field ridges, and simple duck sheds are built using the ridges and ditches. Ducklings hatched in the sheds can be released into the paddy fields in early May. A ratio of 3:1 (Mallard ducks and Peking ducks) is recommended, with 10-15 ducks released per acre. The optimal release time is one week after rice transplanting, when the rice enters the tillering stage. The ducks roam freely in the fields, feeding on duckweed in the ditches or weeds, with supplemental feed added as needed. As the rice grows, the ducks also grow. Once the rice ears enter the milk stage, the released ducks can be retrieved to prevent rice loss.

[0044] (8) Monitoring and management: Configure intelligent pest monitoring instruments to monitor rice-growing areas in real time, establish a pest monitoring and early warning system, regularly test the ecological environment of rice fields, and take timely measures to deal with possible problems based on pest monitoring data.

[0045] Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ecosystem construction method of the present invention:

[0046] 1. Rice Yield Analysis

[0047] The rice variety Yixiangyou 2115 was planted in the green production area, with conventional rice cultivation serving as a control. One week before harvest, samples were taken from three rice plants to investigate the total number of grains per panicle, calculate the seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight, and determine the theoretical yields to be 738.10 kg and 753.63 kg, respectively. On August 15th, the entire field was harvested, and the actual yields were 621.5 kg and 652.78 kg, respectively (Table 1).

[0048] Table 1. Rice Yield and Components in Green Production Areas

[0049]

[0050] 2. Disease control effectiveness

[0051] Rice blast and sheath blight mainly occur naturally in the field. Field surveys are conducted during the waxy ripening stage of rice. Using the five-point sampling method, the number of rice plants with neck blast and sheath blight is investigated per 100 rice plants, and the disease incidence rate of the variety is calculated.

[0052] Incidence rate % = (Number of infected plants / Total number of plants surveyed) × 100

[0053] like Figure 3As shown, the incidence rates of rice blast and sheath blight in green production areas were 6.67% and 16.67%, respectively, which were far lower than those in conventional rice cultivation.

[0054] 3. Pest control effectiveness

[0055] The rice stem borer was used as a typical pest to analyze the effectiveness of green control. A parallel skip sampling method was used, with 10 points selected in the green control area, and 10 rice clumps investigated at each point, for a total of 100 rice clumps. The number of white panicles was investigated, and the dead heart rate and control efficacy were calculated. Conventional field in the non-control area was used as a control, and the survey was repeated three times.

[0056] Dead heart rate % = Number of dead heart plants / Total number of plants surveyed × 100;

[0057] Efficacy % = (Dead heart rate in control area - Dead heart rate in treatment area) / Dead heart rate in control area × 100.

[0058] By planting vetiver grass and sesame along the paddy field ridges, a paddy field ecosystem was established, enhancing the natural pest control capabilities of the rice ecosystem. Under the monitoring of an insect pest control system, pheromones and insecticidal lamps were used to trap and kill pests such as rice stem borers, rice planthoppers, and rice thrips. Table 2 shows the control effect using the rice stem borer, a major rice pest, as a typical example. Compared to conventional planting, the integrated pest management efficiency of green rice production reached 86.8%.

[0059] Table 2. Control effect of rice stem borer

[0060]

[0061] 4. Comprehensive planting and breeding benefit calculation

[0062] Economic benefits consist of two aspects: input and output. Inputs include the costs of rice cultivation and rice-duck farming, while outputs include income from rice and duck farming. All costs and incomes are calculated based on local market prices for the current year. A conventional rice-growing area is used as a control.

[0063] As shown in Table 3, the ecological construction method of this invention reduces costs and improves efficiency by 71.88% in green production. Through the integration of planting and breeding, pests and diseases and weeds in rice fields are significantly reduced, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced during the production process. This not only lowers production costs but also significantly improves the quality and safety of the products, resulting in very significant economic and ecological benefits.

[0064] Table 3 Comprehensive Benefit Analysis (Unit: Yuan / Mu)

[0065]

[0066] Note: The rice profit is calculated based on the purchase price of medium and late indica rice of 2.58 yuan / kg; the ducks are weighed at 2.5kg / each, sold at 20 yuan / kg, and 15 ducks / mu are used to calculate the duck profit.

[0067] In summary, the ecological construction method provided by this invention mainly utilizes paddy field ridges to construct a natural field ecosystem, combined with the rice-duck integrated farming model to improve the field microenvironment. To a certain extent, it inhibits or delays the occurrence and spread of rice blast and sheath blight, while reducing the occurrence of rice stem borers. It can effectively reduce the application of fertilizers and pesticides, significantly improve the stability of rice yield and economic benefits (664.30 yuan / mu) of the rice integrated farming model in the region, and effectively reduce the input cost of pesticides and fertilizers (115 yuan / mu), thereby creating a good ecological environment and high-quality agricultural products.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a green rice production paddy ecosystem, comprising: (1) Application of organic fertilizer: After the previous crop is harvested, apply organic fertilizer in a reasonable manner to improve soil fertility and improve soil structure; (2) Selection of rice varieties: Select rice varieties that are suitable for local climate conditions, have strong resistance, high yield and good rice quality as the main varieties. The varieties include: Yixiangyou 2115, Chuanyou 6203 and Linliangyou Huazhan. Sowing begins in late March and transplanting takes place in mid-to-late April. (3) Utilization of ecological ditches and field ridges: Ecological ditches are set up around the paddy fields. The ecological ditches are U-shaped ring ditches that are wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The top width is 150-200cm, the bottom width is 80cm, and the depth is 80-100cm. Water chestnuts are planted at the four corners of the ditches to enhance the biodiversity of the paddy fields. At the same time, the inner ridges of the paddy fields are set up with a width of 30cm and a height of 10-15cm above the field surface. After the rice turns green, the inner ridges are opened to create multiple field gaps for drying. (4) Establishment of paddy field ecosystem: In early May, sesame seeds, which are flowering plants, are sown in two rows. At the same time, a clump of vetiver grass is planted every 5m along the edge of the paddy field as a attractant for rice stem borers. When the adult eggs of rice stem borers hatch, they will be preyed upon by natural enemy insects, thereby enhancing the biodiversity of paddy fields. (5) Biological control: During the rice tillering stage, place one sex pheromone trap per mu in the paddy field to kill adult rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers. (6) Control of pests with biological pesticides: Select one or two biological pesticides in combination according to the target pests and diseases, and apply the pesticides during the tillering stage and the early heading stage of rice. (7) Rice-duck symbiosis for disease and pest control: In early May, rice ducks are released into the paddy fields. The rice ducks consist of Muscovy ducks and Peking ducks in a 3:1 ratio. 10 to 15 rice ducks are released per mu of paddy field. The appropriate time to release the ducks is one week after rice transplanting, when the rice enters the tillering stage. The rice ducks are harvested when the rice ears enter the milk stage. (8) Monitoring and management: Configure intelligent pest monitoring instruments to monitor rice-growing areas in real time, establish a pest monitoring and early warning system, regularly test the ecological environment of rice fields, and take timely measures to deal with possible problems based on pest monitoring data.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The natural enemy insects mentioned in step (4) include: ichneumon wasps, ladybugs, and spiders.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The traps described in step (5) are arranged in a checkerboard pattern in the field, with the bottom of the traps 20-30cm away from the rice canopy. The trap filter is replaced once a month.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein: The use of biological pesticides to control pests in step (6) includes: Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosad to control stem borers and rice planthoppers; Jinggangmycin and Bacillus cereus to control sheath blight and rice false smut; and Bacillus subtilis and kasugamycin to control rice blast.

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