Bond management method

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the technical field of bond management, and particularly relates to a bond management method, which comprises the following steps of: verifying basic data; processing the fair value information to obtain a fair value information processing result; processing the national debt basic information according to the fair value information processing result to obtain a national debt basic information processing result; processing the national debt interest detail information according to the national debt basic information processing result to obtain a national debt interest detail information processing result; processing the national debt account information according to the national debt interest detail information processing result to obtain a national debt account information processing result; and processing the national debt transaction according to the national debt account information processing result to obtain a national debt transaction processing result. According to the bond management method provided by the invention, manual bookkeeping can be completely replaced, and data can be synchronously stored in the bookkeeping process, so that the error rate is greatly reduced, and the efficiency and safety of bond transaction are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of bond management, and in particular relates to a bond management method. Background Art

[0002] The existing internal treasury bond trading transactions of enterprises are recorded manually, which is computationally intensive and prone to errors. In addition, the existing way of buying and selling treasury bonds in enterprises is not to directly participate in the secondary market for transactions, but to purchase from banks. Banks publish information such as interest rates and face value quotes of various treasury bonds to enterprises every day, and enterprises can choose to buy or sell the purchased treasury bonds on their own. The corporate treasury bond trading program should support the operation of business scenarios such as actual interest rate calculation, fair value changes, purchase and sale, interest collection and holding to maturity. At the same time, it should handle the full life cycle accounting processing including the purchase of treasury bonds, interest accrual at the end of the month, interest collection on the payment date, sale of treasury bonds and fair value changes at the end of the month, treasury bond maturity and other scenarios, and support statistical query of the income of any interval in the past and future. The existing accounting method is purely manual, inefficient and prone to errors. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bond management method, aiming to solve the problem that the existing bookkeeping method is purely manual, inefficient and prone to errors.

[0004] The present invention is implemented as follows: a bond management method, the method comprising:

[0005] Verify basic data;

[0006] Process the fair value information to obtain the fair value information processing results;

[0007] Process the basic information of treasury bonds according to the processing results of fair value information to obtain the processing results of basic information of treasury bonds;

[0008] Process the detailed information of national debt interest according to the processing result of national debt basic information to obtain the processing result of national debt interest detailed information;

[0009] Process the treasury bond account information according to the treasury bond interest detail information processing result to obtain the treasury bond account information processing result;

[0010] The treasury bond transaction is processed according to the treasury bond account information processing result to obtain the treasury bond transaction processing result.

[0011] Preferably, the step of verifying the basic data includes verifying the treasury bond purchase date and maturity date, verifying whether the treasury bond sales information corresponds to the held bonds, verifying the treasury bond sales face value, verifying the accuracy of the treasury bond fair value, verifying whether the fair value on a specific date is entered, and verifying the legality of the date.

[0012] Preferably, the step of processing the fair value information to obtain the fair value information processing result includes acquiring the fair value information, modifying the fair value status and recording the fair value information.

[0013] Preferably, the steps of processing the basic information of treasury bonds according to the processing results of fair value information to obtain the processing results of basic information of treasury bonds include obtaining treasury bond purchase information, calculating and recording all quarter-end fair value provision dates of treasury bonds, calculating and recording all dividend payment date collections, calculating the actual interest rate of treasury bonds, integrating and processing the business flow information of treasury bonds, creating treasury bond account opening bank and account number information, updating the treasury bond purchase status, and storing the treasury bond information.

[0014] Preferably, the steps of processing the detailed information of treasury bond interest according to the processing results of the basic information of treasury bonds to obtain the processing results of the detailed information of treasury bond interest include calculating the beginning amortized cost, calculating the actual interest income, calculating the actual interest received, calculating the interest adjustment amount, calculating the selling face value and the stripping face value, calculating the amount of interest adjustment transferred back to the original, calculating the amount of fair value transferred back, calculating the ending amortized cost, calculating the ending interest adjustment balance after the sale, calculating the ending fair value, and calculating the fair value change amount and the cumulative amount.

[0015] Preferably, the steps of processing the treasury bond account information according to the processing result of the treasury bond interest detailed information to obtain the processing result of the treasury bond account information include allocating funds for purchasing treasury bonds, performing business account processing for purchasing treasury bonds, performing account processing for accrued interest on treasury bonds at the end of the month, performing account processing for the output tax amount of treasury bond transfer at the end of the month, performing account processing for accrued treasury bond maturity interest, performing account processing for reducing the book value of treasury bonds sold, performing account processing for adjusting the fair value change of treasury bonds sold, performing account processing for adjusting the deferred income tax liability of treasury bonds sold, and performing account processing for the deferred income tax liability of treasury bonds sold. Accounting treatment is performed for the transfer of treasury bond funds, accounting treatment is performed for the accrual of interest on the sale of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the output tax on the transfer of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the change in the fair value of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the accrual of deferred income tax liabilities for the change in the fair value of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the collection of interest and the accrual of remaining investment income when treasury bonds mature, accounting treatment is performed for the collection of face value and the receipt of the face value of treasury bonds at maturity, accounting treatment is performed for the collection of face value and the adjustment of deferred income tax liabilities when treasury bonds mature, and accounting treatment is performed for the balance of the value-added tax payable account for the transfer of financial products.

[0016] Preferably, the steps of processing treasury bond transactions according to the treasury bond account information processing results to obtain treasury bond transaction processing results include modifying the status of treasury bonds held to maturity, accounting for interest accrued at the end of the month, batch processing of fair value, recording treasury bonds, and modifying the treasury bond account status.

[0017] Preferably, the basic data includes buying information, selling information and fair value information.

[0018] The bond management method provided by the present invention can completely replace manual bookkeeping. During the bookkeeping process, data will be stored synchronously, which greatly reduces the error rate and improves the efficiency and security of bond transactions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A main flow chart of the bond management method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A basic data verification flow chart provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A flow chart of fair value information processing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 A flowchart of the basic information processing of national debt provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 A flowchart of the processing of detailed information of national debt interest provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 A flowchart of the national debt account information processing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 The present invention provides a treasury bond transaction processing flow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] It is understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in this application may be used herein to describe various elements, but unless otherwise specified, these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, a first xx script may be referred to as a second xx script, and similarly, a second xx script may be referred to as a first xx script.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, it is a main flow chart of the bond management method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and the method includes:

[0029] Verify the basic data.

[0030] In this step, if Figure 2 As shown, the basic data includes purchase information, sale information and fair value information, and the above steps include verifying the purchase date and maturity date of treasury bonds, verifying whether the treasury bond sale information corresponds to the held bonds, verifying the face value of treasury bond sales, verifying the accuracy of the fair value of treasury bonds, verifying whether the fair value on a specific date is entered, and verifying the legality of the date.

[0031] The fair value information is processed to obtain the fair value information processing result.

[0032] In this step, if Figure 3 As shown, the above steps include obtaining fair value information, modifying the fair value status, and recording the fair value information.

[0033] The basic information of treasury bonds is processed according to the processing results of fair value information to obtain the processing results of basic information of treasury bonds.

[0034] In this step, if Figure 4As shown, the above steps include obtaining treasury bond purchase information, calculating and recording all quarter-end fair value provision dates of treasury bonds, calculating and recording all dividend payment date collections, calculating the actual interest rate of treasury bonds, integrating and processing the business flow information of treasury bonds, creating treasury bond opening bank and account information, updating the treasury bond purchase status, and storing the treasury bond information.

[0035] The detailed information of treasury bond interest is processed according to the processing result of treasury bond basic information to obtain the processing result of treasury bond interest detailed information.

[0036] In this step, if Figure 5 As shown, the above steps include calculating the beginning amortized cost, calculating the actual interest income, calculating the actual interest received, calculating the interest adjustment amount, calculating the selling face value and the stripping face value, calculating the interest adjustment reversal amount, calculating the reversal of fair value changes, calculating the ending amortized cost, calculating the ending interest adjustment balance after the sale, calculating the ending fair value, and calculating the fair value change amount and the cumulative amount.

[0037] The treasury bond account information is processed according to the treasury bond interest detail information processing result to obtain the treasury bond account information processing result.

[0038] In this step, if Figure 6 As shown, the above steps process the treasury bond account information according to the processing result of the treasury bond interest details information, and the steps of obtaining the processing result of the treasury bond account information include allocating funds for purchasing treasury bonds, processing business accounts for purchasing treasury bonds, accounting for accrued interest on treasury bonds at the end of the month, accounting for the output tax amount of treasury bond transfer at the end of the month, accounting for accrued treasury bond maturity interest, accounting for reducing the book value of treasury bonds sold, accounting for adjusting the fair value change of treasury bonds sold, accounting for adjusting the deferred income tax liability of treasury bonds sold, and Accounting treatment is performed for the transfer of funds from the sale of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the accrual of interest on the sale of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the output tax on the transfer of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the change in the fair value of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the accrual of deferred income tax liabilities for the change in the fair value of treasury bonds, accounting treatment is performed for the collection of interest and the accrual of remaining investment income when the treasury bonds mature, accounting treatment is performed for the collection of face value and the receipt of the face value of the treasury bonds at maturity, accounting treatment is performed for the collection of face value and the adjustment of deferred income tax liabilities when the treasury bonds mature, and accounting treatment is performed for the balance of the value-added tax payable account for the transfer of financial products.

[0039] The treasury bond transaction is processed according to the treasury bond account information processing result to obtain the treasury bond transaction processing result.

[0040] In this step, if Figure 7As shown, the above steps include modifying the status of the treasury bonds that have been held to maturity, accounting for the accrued interest at the end of the month, batch processing of the fair value, recording the treasury bonds, and modifying the accounting status of the treasury bonds.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, the specific transaction process is:

[0042] Example of initial purchase of government bonds:

[0043] Initial purchase of treasury bonds, treasury bond code: a00001, transaction date: 20210607, coupon rate: 2.57%, total term: 730 days, interest payment frequency: annual, bond issue date: 20210520, purchase date: 20210607, maturity date 20230520, net purchase price: 99.848300, number of purchases: 1000000, total face value: 100,000,000.00, total settlement amount: 99,975,039.73, interest payment method is the day before the rated interest payment date.

[0044] Buy-in, fair value information processing, basic information processing:

[0045] First, perform basic data verification, including that the purchase date cannot be greater than the expiration date.

[0046] Calculate annual interest: Annual interest = par value * interest rate = 100,000,000.00 * 2.57% = 2,570,000.00 yuan

[0047] Calculate all the dividend payment dates by using the purchase date, expiration date, and interest payment frequency. The dividend payment dates for this bond are 20220519 and 20230519.

[0048] Fair value import supports daily import, but at the end of the quarter, fair value information must be calculated. All quarter-end dates are calculated by the interval between the purchase date and the expiration date to calculate all dates that must calculate fair value. All fair value dates are set as 20210630, 20210930, 20211231, 20220331, 20220630, 20220930, 20221231 and 20230331.

[0049] The original total amount of interest adjustment is calculated as follows: original total amount of interest adjustment = total settlement amount - face value of treasury bonds = 99,975,039.73 - 100,000,000.00 = -24960.27

[0050] Calculate the face value of a single treasury bond: Face value of a single treasury bond = total face value of treasury bonds / number of bonds purchased = 100,000,000.00 / 1,000,000 = 100.00 yuan

[0051] Use Java to implement the IRR actual interest rate calculation formula function, and calculate the actual interest rate (day) of the domestic debt as 0.00007165956899882637 through the dividend date set, annual interest amount, purchase date and expiration date. The IRR function involves division. If the denominator is 0, it is necessary to change the interest rate range and solve it multiple times.

[0052] The processed and calculated treasury bond basic interface information is stored in the database, and the treasury bond purchase interface information is refreshed as processed.

[0053] The entry for purchasing government bonds is as follows:

[0054] summary suject Borrowing direction Transaction amount Funds for purchasing government bonds Deposit with other banks - 1 month borrow 99975039.73 Funds for purchasing government bonds Deposit with other banks - 1 month loan 99975039.73 Buying Treasury Bonds Other debt investments - government bonds - cost borrow 100000000.00 Buying Treasury Bonds Other debt investments - Treasury bonds - interest adjustments borrow -24960.27 Buying Treasury Bonds Interest receivable - other debt investments - government bonds borrow 0 Buying Treasury Bonds Deposit with other banks - 1 month loan 99975039.73

[0055] Example of national debt detail information processing:

[0056] The detailed information of treasury bonds is a comprehensive ledger that accurately calculates and centrally displays the sales, interest collection, and fair value changes of treasury bonds during the entire holding period, reflecting the income changes of the treasury bonds throughout their life cycle.

[0057] For example, the interest payment method of Treasury bond a00001 is the previous day, that is, the day before the purchase date 20210606 is taken as the initial calculation date, and the day before the bond maturity date 20230519 is taken as the ending calculation date.

[0058] 1. On the initial date of the bond, there is no interest income, and the beginning amortized cost and the ending amortized cost are the total settlement amount. The detailed information includes date: 20210606, beginning amortized cost: 99975039.73, actual interest income: 0, actual interest received: 0, interest adjustment amount: 0, sale face value: 0, remaining face value: 100000000.00, sale price: 0, interest adjustment reversal amount original: 0, interest adjustment reversal amount derivative: 0, reversal of fair value change amount: 0, ending amortized cost: 99975039.73, ending interest adjustment balance after sale: -24960.27, ending fair value: 99975039.73, cumulative amount of fair value change: 0, fair value change amount: 0.

[0059] 2. Starting from June 7, 2021, calculate the actual interest income, interest adjustment amount, beginning amortized cost, interest adjustment reversal amount original, interest adjustment reversal amount derivative, reversal fair value change, ending amortized cost, ending interest adjustment balance after sale, ending fair value and other information. Actual interest income for this period = amortized cost of the previous period * actual interest rate = 99975039.73 * 0.00007165956899882637 = 7164.17 yuan (rounded to two decimal places). The information for June 7, 2021 is as follows:

[0060] Date: 20210607, beginning amortized cost: 99975039.73, actual interest income: 7164.17, actual interest received: 0, interest adjustment amount: 7164.17, selling face value: 0, remaining face value: 100000000.00, selling price: 0, interest adjustment reversal amount native: 0, interest adjustment reversal amount derived: 0, fair value change reversal amount: 0, ending amortized cost: 99982203.90, ending interest adjustment balance after sale: -17796.10, ending fair value: 99982203.90, cumulative amount of fair value change: 0, fair value change amount: 0.

[0061] On June 30, 2021, the entry for accrued interest at the end of the month is

[0062]

[0063] Repeat the previous step to obtain the beginning amortized cost, ending amortized cost and actual interest income for each day. On June 30, 2021, the fair value of a single treasury bond is 100.09 yuan, and the ending fair value = number of bonds held * single fair value = 1000000 * 100.09 = 100090000.00 yuan. The following is obtained:

[0064] Date: 20210630, beginning amortized cost: 100139945.56, actual interest income: 7175.99, actual interest received: 0, interest adjustment amount: 7164.17, sale face value: 0, remaining face value: 100000000.00, sale price: 0, interest adjustment reversal amount native: 0, interest adjustment reversal amount derivative: 0, fair value change reversal amount: 0, ending amortized cost: 100147121.55, ending interest adjustment balance after sale: 147121.55, ending fair value: 100090000.00, cumulative amount of fair value change: -57121.55, fair value change amount: -57121.55.

[0065] On June 30, 2021, the entry for change in fair value is:

[0066]

[0067] On May 19, 2022, the system received interest of RMB 2,570,000.00. The system details are as follows:

[0068] Date: 20220519, Beginning amortized cost: 102484736.42, Actual interest income: 7344.01, Actual interest received: 2570000, Interest adjustment amount: -2562655.99, Sale par value: 0, Remaining par value: 100000000.00, Sale price: 0, Interest adjustment reversal amount native: 0, Interest adjustment reversal amount derived: 0, Reversal of fair value change: 0, Ending amortized cost: 99922080.43, Ending interest adjustment balance after sale: -77919.57, Ending fair value: 100379238.45, Cumulative amount of fair value change: 457158.02, Fair value change: 0.

[0069] On May 19, 2022, the entry for collecting interest on the interest payment date is

[0070]

[0071] On May 19, 2023, this treasury bond matures, collects interest and returns the par value, clears all interest adjustment amounts, resets all fair value changes, and reverses all interest adjustments. The bond details are as follows:

[0072] Date: 20230519, Beginning amortized cost: 102562650.38, Actual interest income: 7349.62, Actual interest received: 2570000, Interest adjustment amount: -2562650.38, Sale par value: 100000000.00, Remaining par value: 0, Sale price: 100000000.00, Interest adjustment reversal amount native: 0, Interest adjustment reversal amount derived: 0, Reversal of fair value change: 59511.57, Ending amortized cost: 0, Ending interest adjustment balance after sale: 0, Ending fair value: 0, Accumulated amount of fair value change: 0, Fair value change: 0.

[0073] The journal entry for Treasury bonds maturing is:

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Example of Treasury bond sales after initial purchase:

[0078] Initial purchase of treasury bonds, treasury bond code: a00002, transaction date: 20210622, coupon rate: 2.36%, total term: 1095 days, interest payment frequency: annual, bond issue date: 20200702, maturity date 20230702, net purchase price: 99.278900, number of purchases: 2000000, total face value: 200,000,000.00, total settlement amount: 203,148,484.93, interest payment method is the day before the rated interest payment date.

[0079] Referring to the logic of the first step, it can be concluded that the actual interest rate of Treasury bond a00002 is 0.00007379468368758051. On March 14, 2022, all 2,000,000 Treasury bonds held were sold, and the net price of each bond was 100.184900. On March 14, 2022, the detailed account of Treasury bond a00002 is:

[0080] Date: 20220314, beginning amortized cost: 202350466.00, actual interest income: 14932.39, actual interest received: 0, interest adjustment amount: 14932.39, selling face value: 200000000.00, remaining face value: 0, selling price: 203667334.25, interest adjustment reversal amount original: 3148484.93, interest adjustment reversal amount derived: -783086.54, fair value change reversal amount: 861775.40, ending amortized cost: 0, ending interest adjustment balance after sale: 0, ending fair value: 0, cumulative amount of fair value change: 0, fair value change amount: 0.

[0081] The journal entry for selling Treasury bonds is:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bond management method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Verify basic data; Process the fair value information to obtain the fair value information processing results; Process the basic information of treasury bonds according to the processing results of fair value information to obtain the processing results of basic information of treasury bonds; Process the detailed information of national debt interest according to the processing result of national debt basic information to obtain the processing result of national debt interest detailed information; Process the treasury bond account information according to the treasury bond interest detail information processing result to obtain the treasury bond account information processing result; The treasury bond transaction is processed according to the treasury bond account information processing result to obtain the treasury bond transaction processing result.

2. The bond management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of verifying the basic data include verifying the treasury bond purchase date and maturity date, verifying whether the treasury bond sales information corresponds to the held bonds, verifying the treasury bond sales face value, verifying the accuracy of the treasury bond fair value, verifying whether the fair value on a specific date is entered, and verifying the legality of the date.

3. The bond management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of processing the fair value information to obtain the fair value information processing result includes acquiring the fair value information, modifying the fair value status and recording the fair value information.

4. The bond management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of processing the basic information of treasury bonds according to the processing results of fair value information to obtain the processing results of basic information of treasury bonds include obtaining the purchase information of treasury bonds, calculating and recording all the quarter-end fair value provision dates of treasury bonds, calculating and recording all the collections of dividend payment dates, calculating the actual interest rate of treasury bonds, integrating and processing the business flow information of treasury bonds, creating the treasury bond account opening bank and account number information, updating the treasury bond purchase status, and storing the treasury bond information.

5. The bond management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of processing the detailed information of treasury bond interest according to the processing results of treasury bond basic information to obtain the processing results of treasury bond interest detailed information include calculating the beginning amortized cost, calculating the actual interest income, calculating the actual interest received, calculating the interest adjustment amount, calculating the selling face value and the stripping face value, calculating the interest adjustment reversal amount, calculating the reversal fair value change amount, calculating the ending amortized cost, calculating the ending interest adjustment balance after the sale, calculating the ending fair value, and calculating the fair value change amount and the cumulative amount.

6. The bond management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of processing the treasury bond account information according to the processing result of the treasury bond interest details information to obtain the processing result of the treasury bond account information include allocating funds for purchasing treasury bonds, processing business accounts for purchasing treasury bonds, accounting for accrued interest on treasury bonds at the end of the month, accounting for the output tax amount of treasury bond transfer at the end of the month, accounting for accrued treasury bond maturity interest, accounting for reducing the book value of treasury bonds sold, accounting for adjusting the fair value change of treasury bonds sold, accounting for adjusting the deferred income tax liability of treasury bonds sold, and accounting for Accounting treatment is performed for the repatriation of funds, the accrual of interest on the sale of treasury bonds, the output tax on the transfer of treasury bonds, the change in the fair value of treasury bonds, the accrual of deferred income tax liabilities for the change in the fair value of treasury bonds, the collection of interest and the accrual of remaining investment income upon maturity of treasury bonds, the collection of par value and the receipt of par value of treasury bonds upon maturity, the collection of par value and the adjustment of deferred income tax liabilities upon maturity of treasury bonds, and the balance of value-added tax payable for the carryforward transfer of financial products.

7. The bond management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of processing treasury bond transactions according to the treasury bond account information processing results include modifying the status of treasury bonds held to maturity, accounting for interest accrued at the end of the month, batch processing of fair value, recording treasury bonds, and modifying the treasury bond account status.

8. The bond management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic data includes buying information, selling information and fair value information.

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