Electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an electronic device, comprising: a frame, one side of which is provided with a main branch and a parasitic branch at least partially opposite to each other as an antenna of the electronic device; the main branch comprises a first main body and a first extension section which are connected with each other, the first main body is located at a first part of one side edge, the first extension section is located at an upper half part of a second part of one side edge, and a first electric field is formed when current is fed into the main branch; the parasitic branch knot comprises a second main body and a second extension section which are connected with each other, the second main body is located at a third part of one side edge, the second extension section is located at the lower half part of the second part, and the first extension section and the second extension section have a first distance in the thickness direction of the electronic equipment and form an overlapped part in the thickness direction; and when the parasitic branch is excited by the first electric field, the second extension section and the first extension section form a coupling electric field, and the first electric field and the coupling electric field enable the antenna to form a circularly polarized antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] This section is intended to provide background information relevant to understanding the various technologies described herein. As implied by the title of this section, this is a discussion of related technologies that should not in any way imply that they are necessarily prior art. Therefore, it should be understood that any statement in this section should be read from this perspective, rather than any admission of prior art.

[0003] A circularly polarized antenna is an antenna used to receive and transmit circularly polarized waves. It can also receive any form of linearly polarized waves. The circularly polarized antenna can offset the rotation effect of the ionosphere during transmission and ensure stable signal transmission. Therefore, circularly polarized antennas and their array technology have important applications and development prospects in satellite communications and navigation systems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present disclosure solves the above problems by providing an electronic device. Specifically, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided:

[0005] An electronic device, comprising:

[0006] A frame, wherein one side of the frame is constructed with at least partially opposite main branches and parasitic branches as the antenna of the electronic device; the main branch comprises a first main body and a first extension section connected to each other, the first main body is located at a first part of the one side, the first extension section is located at an upper half of a second part of the one side, and the main branch forms a first electric field when current is fed into it;

[0007] The parasitic branch comprises a second main body and a second extension segment connected to each other, the second main body is located at a third portion of the one side, the second extension segment is located at a lower half of the second portion, the first extension segment and the second extension segment have a first spacing in a thickness direction of the electronic device and form an overlapping portion in the thickness direction; and

[0008] When the parasitic branch is excited by the first electric field, the second extension section and the first extension section form a coupled electric field, and the first electric field and the coupled electric field enable the antenna to form a circularly polarized antenna.

[0009] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first extension section extends toward the second body and is spaced apart from the second body by a second distance, and the second extension section extends toward the first body and is spaced apart from the first body by a third distance.

[0010] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the second spacing and / or the third spacing is between 1.2 mm and 2 mm.

[0011] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the extending directions of the first extending section and the second extending section both correspond to the long side directions of the electronic device.

[0012] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the lengths of the main branch and the parasitic branch are determined based on the resonant frequency, the resonant mode, and the dielectric constant of the frame of the electronic device.

[0013] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the main branch operates in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode when current is fed into the main branch.

[0014] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first main body includes a grounding point and a feeding point connected to the frame, the open end of the first extension section forms an open circuit end, the input impedance of the feeding point corresponds to the impedance of the RF transmitting circuit, and the feeding point is used to receive the signal transmitted by the RF transmitting circuit.

[0015] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the size of the overlapping portion includes an overlapping area or an overlapping length of the overlapping portion, and the overlapping area and the first spacing are configured so that the antenna of the electronic device forms a circularly polarized antenna.

[0016] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first extension segment has a first thickness, the second extension segment has a second thickness, the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing have the same value, or the difference between the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing is not greater than 10% of the thickness of the frame; wherein the main branches and the parasitic branches are aligned in the thickness direction.

[0017] Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the frame includes a receiving portion, the main branch and the parasitic branch are arranged in the receiving portion, the receiving portion is made of non-metallic material, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are made of metallic material; or

[0018] The frame is made of metal material;

[0019] When the accommodating portion is made of non-metallic material, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are made of metallic material, the non-metallic material is plastic, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are wrapped by the accommodating portion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The above and other features of the present disclosure will become apparent with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0021] Figure 1 An exploded view of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A partially enlarged stereoscopic view of an electronic device in an antenna area according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 3 A partial enlarged plan view of an electronic device in an antenna area according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing current distribution and electric field components of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of return loss of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing an axial ratio of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of left-hand circular polarization gain of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the right-hand circular polarization gain of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; and

[0029] Fig. 9 A partial enlarged view of an electronic device according to the present disclosure in an antenna area viewed from the inside to the outside is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It is easy to understand that according to the technical solution of the present disclosure, without changing the essential spirit of the present disclosure, a person skilled in the art can propose a variety of interchangeable structural modes and implementation modes. Therefore, the following specific implementation modes and drawings are only exemplary descriptions of the technical solution of the present disclosure, and should not be regarded as the entirety of the present disclosure or as a limitation or restriction to the technical solution of the present disclosure.

[0031] The directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, back, front, back, top, bottom, etc. mentioned or may be mentioned in this specification are defined relative to the structures shown in the drawings. They are relative concepts and may change accordingly according to their different positions and different usage states. Therefore, these or other directional terms should not be interpreted as restrictive terms. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. or similar expressions are only used for description and distinction purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the corresponding components.

[0032] When electromagnetic waves propagate in space, the direction of their electric field changes in a certain direction, and this change is the polarization of the electromagnetic wave. In other words, the oscillation plane of the electric field defines the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. According to the way the electric field changes, the polarization of plane electromagnetic waves can be divided into three types: linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. When the trajectory periodically drawn by the endpoints of the electric field vector in space is a circle or an ellipse, when observed along the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, the trajectory follows a right-handed spiral relationship or rotates clockwise over time, which is called right-hand circular polarization. When the trajectory follows a left-handed spiral relationship or rotates counterclockwise over time, it is called left-hand circular polarization.

[0033] In satellite communication systems, circularly polarized waves are often used because they are less affected by multipath effects and polarization distortion (for example, linearly polarized waves undergo polarization rotation (generally known as "Faraday rotation") when passing through the ionosphere) and do not have strict requirements on the placement of receiving antennas. This means that satellite antennas using circularly polarized waves can maintain high gain within a certain angle range, which is especially important for electronic devices with satellite communication and navigation functions, because they may need to receive signals in constantly changing directions.

[0034] A circularly polarized wave can be decomposed into two linearly polarized waves with a phase difference of 90°, equal amplitude, and orthogonal in space. Similarly, two linearly polarized waves with a phase difference of 90°, equal amplitude, and orthogonal in space can also be synthesized into a circularly polarized wave. Such characteristics can be used to synthesize circularly polarized waves as much as possible within the limited design space of electronic devices, especially mobile electronic devices, thereby improving the ability to transmit / receive satellite signals.

[0035] Under circular polarization, the electric field vector endpoints periodically draw ellipse trajectories in space. The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse is called the axial ratio. The axial ratio is an important performance indicator of circularly polarized antennas. It represents the purity of circular polarization and is an important indicator for measuring the difference in signal gain of electronic equipment in different directions. The closer the circular polarization axial ratio of the antenna is to 1 (the electric field vector endpoints periodically draw ellipse trajectories in space), the better its circular polarization performance. Figure 1 and Figure 2 ,in, Figure 1An exploded view of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; and Figure 2 A partially enlarged stereoscopic view of an electronic device in an antenna area according to the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] The electronic device 100 includes: a frame 1, one side of which is constructed with at least partially opposite main branches 11 and parasitic branches 12 as the antenna of the electronic device 100; the main branch 11 includes a first main body 111 and a first extension section 112 connected to each other, the first main body is located in the first part P1 of the one side, and the first extension section is located in the upper half of the second part P2 of the one side, and the main branch forms a first electric field when current is fed into it; the parasitic branch 12 includes a second main body 121 and a second extension section 122 connected to each other, the second main body is located in the third part P3 of the one side, and the second extension section is located in the lower half of the second part, the first extension section 112 and the second extension section 122 have a first spacing D1 in the thickness direction of the electronic device 100 and form an overlapping part A in the thickness direction; and when the parasitic branch is excited by the first electric field, the second extension section and the first extension section form a coupled electric field, and the first electric field and the coupled electric field enable the antenna to form a circularly polarized antenna.

[0037] Electronic devices should be understood in a broad sense, including mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, computers, wearable devices, drones, robots, digital cameras and other devices with communication functions. The embodiments of the present application are described using mobile phones as an example, and other electronic devices can be interpreted and referenced in a similar manner.

[0038] In the case where a mobile phone is used as an electronic device, the mobile phone may include: a cover plate, a display screen, a printed circuit board (PCB), a middle frame and a back cover. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover plate may be a glass cover plate, or may be replaced by a cover plate made of other materials, such as a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) material cover plate.

[0039] The cover plate can be set close to the display screen, and can be mainly used to protect and prevent dust from the display screen. The display screen can include a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel or an organic light-emitting semiconductor (OLED) display panel.

[0040] The middle frame mainly supports the whole machine, and the middle frame may include a frame 1 and a middle plate 2. The frame 1 may be arranged around the middle plate 2. The PCB may be arranged between the middle plate 2 and the back cover. In one embodiment, the PCB may also be arranged between the middle plate 2 and the display screen, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this. In one example, the frame 1 and the middle plate 2 may be connected and formed as an integral part. In another example, the frame 1 may include a protrusion extending inward to connect to the middle plate 2, for example, by means of shrapnel, screws, welding, etc.

[0041] In this example, the main branch and the parasitic branch are constructed on a side of the frame, so the existing frame of the mobile phone is used to achieve circular polarization characteristics, and no additional structure and complex matching network are required, nor is there any need to reserve additional space inside the device for the antenna, thereby improving space utilization and making the device thinner and lighter. In this example, the layout of the main branch and the parasitic branch on the side is also designed, that is, the layout between the first body of the main branch, the first extension section, the second body of the parasitic branch, and the second extension section is designed, so that the design space provided by the side can be fully utilized, wherein, for example, Figure 2 From the perspective of, the first part of the side is the left part (part of the content is not shown), the second part is the middle part, and the third part is the right part (part of the content is not shown), which can realize the layout and interaction of these two branches in a relatively compact manner, and support the formation of a circularly polarized antenna by forming an overlapping part in the thickness direction of the electronic device.

[0042] It should be noted that the second part described in the present disclosure may be a side, for example Figure 2 The Y direction shown includes a portion of the first extension segment and the second extension segment, for example, a portion extending from the starting point of the first extension segment to the starting point of the second extension segment. The first portion described in the present disclosure may be a portion of the same side edge, for example, Figure 2 The third part described in the present disclosure may be the part on the left side of the second part in the Y direction (i.e., the positive direction of Y) as shown. Figure 2 The portion shown is located to the right of the second portion in the Y direction (ie, the negative direction of the Y direction).

[0043] Thus, when the main branch is fed with current, a first electric field is formed. Figure 2As shown, the Y directions are facing each other, and when the parasitic branches are excited by the first electric field in the Y direction, since the main branches and the parasitic branches have an overlapping part A in the Z direction, a coupled electric field in the Z direction is generated between the parasitic branches and the main branches. The first electric field and the coupled electric field are perpendicular to each other and their amplitudes are roughly the same. Through the layout of the main branches and parasitic branches designed in this way, the first electric field and the coupled electric field realize the characteristics of circularly polarized antennas. It should be known that circularly polarized antennas have the advantages of reducing multipath interference, improving signal stability, and enhancing reception and transmission efficiency, especially in mobile communications and satellite communications. It is also better able to cope with complex and dynamic propagation environments, such as multipath reflection and scattering in urban environments. This helps to reduce signal attenuation and interference, thereby providing higher quality communication services.

[0044] Those skilled in the art should also know that, in response to the requirements of different frequency bands and communication standards, the performance parameters of the circularly polarized antenna (such as circular polarization bandwidth, gain, efficiency) can be flexibly adjusted by, for example, adjusting the specific design of the main branches and parasitic branches (such as length, shape, spacing, degree of overlap, etc.), for example, by designing the dimensions of the overlapping part and the first spacing, thereby providing greater flexibility and scalability for the design and manufacture of electronic equipment.

[0045] Exemplarily, the size of the overlapping portion A includes the overlapping area S or the overlapping length L of the overlapping portion A, that is, the performance of the circularly polarized antenna is adjusted by adjusting the area or length of the overlapping portion. The adjustment of the performance of the circularly polarized antenna includes adjusting the phase difference between the first electric field and the coupled electric field, for example, the phase difference satisfies 90°, and adjusting the amplitude or size of the first electric field and the coupled electric field, for example, the amplitude is equal. Specifically, on the one hand, increasing the overlapping area can increase the coupling degree between the main branch and the parasitic branch, thereby increasing the amplitude of the coupled electric field (that is, making the amplitude of the first electric field and the coupled electric field closer), wherein the method of increasing the overlapping area can be to increase the width or length of the overlapping portion; reducing the first spacing D1 can also increase the coupling amount and thereby increase the amplitude of the coupled electric field, and vice versa. On the other hand, the overlapping length L of the overlapping portion is mainly used to adjust the phase of the first electric field, so as to achieve a phase difference of 90° between the first electric field and the coupled electric field, thereby ensuring better circularly polarized antenna performance.

[0046] Figure 3 A partially enlarged plan view of an antenna area of ​​an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown, wherein the first extension section 112 extends toward the second body 121 and is spaced apart from the second body 121 by a second distance D2, and the second extension section 122 extends toward the first body 111 and is spaced apart from the first body 111 by a third distance D3.

[0047] In this technical solution, the main branches and parasitic branches are spaced apart in the extension direction, such as the long side direction of the electronic device, by designing the second spacing and the third spacing, so that a Y-direction electric field component can be generated, and the phase of the Y-direction electric field can be adjusted by adjusting the values ​​of the second spacing and the third spacing, for example, the Y-direction electric field and the coupling electric field (Z-direction electric field) are 90° out of phase with each other, thereby optimizing the transmission and reception performance of electromagnetic waves and realizing the adjustment of the performance of the circularly polarized antenna to meet various communication needs.

[0048] Specifically, the second spacing D2 and / or the third spacing D3 can be selected to be between 1.2mm-2mm, more specifically, the values ​​of the second spacing and the third spacing are about 1.5mm, and a 20% fluctuation is allowed (i.e., 1.2mm-1.8mm). In this regard, by designing the second spacing and the third spacing in this way, the electromagnetic coupling strength between the main branch and the parasitic branch can be adjusted. Within this specific spacing range, a stronger coupling effect and stability can be achieved, reducing interference with other electronic components or antenna performance, thereby enhancing the circular polarization performance of the antenna. In addition, a reasonable spacing range can also ensure antenna performance while making the processing difficulty and cost controllable. Similarly, those skilled in the art should know that the second spacing and the third spacing can be adjusted as needed according to actual communication needs (such as frequency bands).

[0049] Regarding the extension direction, illustratively, the extension directions of the first extension section 112 and the second extension section 122 both correspond to the long side direction of the electronic device 100, so that this layout makes the antenna structure more compact, and there is no need to add additional space inside or outside the device to accommodate the antenna, thereby improving the overall space utilization of the device, and the extension direction along the long side is also easier to make the first electric field form an electric field component in the Y direction, which is convenient for coupling with the electric field to form a circularly polarized antenna. In addition, from a structural point of view, it can also be seen that the design of the first and second extension sections extending along the long side direction can reduce the mechanical stress caused by bending or twisting of the device, thereby improving the structural stability and durability of the antenna, and improving the tolerance to physical shock or vibration. This design also makes it easier to measure the length of the extension section, which is convenient for debugging. In some other embodiments, the two extension sections can also be designed to be curved, for example, inward or outward bending in the horizontal plane of the mobile phone (the plane parallel to the screen), which can also generate an electric field component in the Y direction and form a circularly polarized antenna. In addition, the main branches and parasitic branches can be constructed into a cuboid structure, which is easy to process and manufacture, has good structural stability, and the regular shape makes it easier to adjust and optimize parameters.

[0050] In addition to the size design of various spacings or overlapping parts mentioned above, the lengths of the main branches and parasitic branches can also be adjusted. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the lengths of the main branches 11 and the parasitic branches 12 are determined based on the resonant frequency, resonant mode, and dielectric constant of the electronic device 100. In other words, by designing the lengths of the main branches and parasitic branches, it can be ensured that the electronic device achieves a resonance effect at a specific resonant frequency to meet communication requirements, and the length design also takes into account the dielectric constant of the frame or the material of the frame, so as to improve adaptability to various frame materials.

[0051] In summary, those skilled in the art can adjust various parameters of the antenna, such as the area, length, first spacing, second spacing, third spacing, thickness of each extension section, thickness of the first body, etc. of the overlapping portion, to adjust the amplitude and phase difference between the first electric field and the coupled electric field, and can, for example, verify the axial ratio to meet the required circularly polarized antenna performance. It is feasible to adjust the circularly polarized antenna performance of the electronic device 100 by adjusting the overlapping area S and the first spacing D1, because these two parameters mainly affect the amplitude or strength of the coupled electric field, which is easy to adjust and has a good effect.

[0052] Specifically, in an application scenario, assuming that the circularly polarized antenna is configured to operate in the transmission frequency band of the Tiantong satellite, that is, between 1980MHz-2010MHz, the main branch node operates in a quarter-wavelength resonant mode when the current is fed, and the frame is coated with a plastic material with a dielectric constant of 4. The present disclosure takes 2GHz between 1980MHz-2010MHz as the resonant frequency to participate in the calculation of the physical length of the radiation branch node, which can be calculated with reference to the following equation:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, L eff is the effective length of the branch, c is the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in free space (i.e., the speed of light), f is the operating frequency of the antenna, and ε eff is the effective dielectric constant of the frame. For example, the dielectric constant of a plastic frame can be selected as 4, while the dielectric constant of a metal frame can be considered as 1 (for example, when a full metal frame is used). In addition, c / f can also be replaced by wavelength, which can be determined by the frequency of the feed signal or the resonant frequency.

[0055] In the above application scenario, the corresponding free space electromagnetic wave wavelength is 150mm. In a medium with a dielectric constant of 4, its wavelength is 150 divided by the square root of 4, which is equal to 75mm. Its quarter wavelength is 75 / 4=18.75mm, that is, the main branch length can be designed to be 18.75mm, so that the main branch can resonate in the 1 / 4 wavelength mode when it is fed into the Tiantong transmission frequency band signal. It can be understood that the main branch length (effective radiation length) is as follows Figure 4 The length from the feeding point in the red area to the open end of the main branch is shown. In this regard, it can be understood that the design length of the parasitic branch is usually less than the length of the main branch. For example, the length of the parasitic branch can be between 0.6 times the length of the main branch and 0.9 times the length of the main branch, for example, between 11.25mm and 16.875mm. Figure 4 As shown, the length from the open end of the parasitic branch to the grounding point of the second body (not shown in the figure) is the parasitic branch length (effective radiation length), that is, different parasitic branches can be designed by designing the length of the second extension section of the parasitic branch and the position of the grounding point. Similarly, different main branches can be designed by designing the length of the first extension section of the main branch and the position of the feeding point.

[0056] In one example, the grounding point of the parasitic branch is set at the contact part of the first main body and the second extension segment, that is, the effective radiation length of the parasitic branch is the length of the second extension segment, for example, it is set to 12 mm. At this time, most of the electric field energy excited to the parasitic branch by the first electric field is used to form a coupled electric field, thereby increasing the coupled electric field component in the Z direction, so that the coupled electric field component can be close to or the same as the first electric field component in the Y direction, thereby improving the circular polarization performance of the antenna.

[0057] In one example, the parasitic branch does not operate at the resonant frequency, and the length of the parasitic branch can be calculated by considering the resonant frequency deviation of 200MHz (i.e., 2.2GHz). Similarly, 2.2GHz corresponds to a quarter wavelength of 17mm in a medium with a dielectric constant of 4, that is, the length of the parasitic branch is 17mm. Through the above-mentioned length design, the antenna of the electronic device can operate in the frequency band range of about 2-2.2GHz, resonate in the Tiantong satellite transmission frequency band, and meet the communication requirements with the Tiantong satellite. Other communication frequency bands, such as the GPS frequency band, Beidou satellite communication frequency band, etc. can also be designed similarly.

[0058] In this regard, it should be understood that the deviation of 200MHz is an empirical value or optimization result, which can be flexibly adjusted to achieve specific performance goals of the antenna, such as multi-band operation, optimized impedance matching or radiation efficiency, etc. It can also be understood that the length of each branch is calculated as a theoretical value, and the actual deviation within 20% is acceptable.

[0059] In addition, this design scenario uses a quarter-wavelength resonant mode, which makes the coupling between the antenna and the electromagnetic wave tighter and the energy conversion efficiency higher. In addition, the quarter-wavelength realizes a miniaturized design that shortens the physical length of the antenna, which is particularly important for mobile devices, wearable devices and other space-constrained application scenarios. In some other implementations, a half-wavelength mode or a single-wavelength mode can also be used, and the length of the branch or the resonant frequency can be adaptively adjusted according to communication needs.

[0060] Combination Figures 4 to 8 ,in, Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing current distribution and electric field components of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of return loss of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing an axial ratio of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure; Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the left-hand circular polarization gain of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown; and Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the right-hand circular polarization gain of an antenna of an electronic device according to the present disclosure is shown.

[0061] Taking the example of exciting a quarter-wavelength resonant mode in the transmission frequency band of the Tiantong satellite, Figure 4 The current distribution of the main branch and the direction of the two Y-direction and Z-direction electric field components can be seen in the figure. Figure 4 Specifically, the surface current data of a feeding port at a specific frequency (f = 2GHz) is shown, with a phase of 0° and a maximum surface current of 114.5A / m. The upper right corner shows the surface current distribution in amperes per meter in different colors. Here, the structure of the main branch forms a Y-direction electric field component when the current is fed into it. The overlap of the main branch and the parasitic branch in the thickness direction of the electronic device forms electric field coupling when excited by the first electric field. The two electric fields are perpendicular to each other, supporting the circularly polarized antenna.

[0062] Figure 5 The figure shows the main branch return loss curve under the excitation of the Tiantong satellite's transmission frequency band. The antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter can characterize the quality of the antenna's transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter is, the smaller the antenna return loss is, and the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself is, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna and the higher the antenna's system efficiency is. The larger the S11 parameter is, the greater the antenna return loss is, and the lower the antenna's system efficiency is. It should be noted that in engineering, the S11 value is generally -6dB as the standard. When the S11 value of the antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or that the antenna has a good transmission efficiency. From Figure 5 It can be seen that the main branches have good radiation efficiency between 1920MHz and 2020MHz. This frequency band has covered the transmission frequency band of Tiantong satellite. Therefore, the main branches can support the Tiantong transmission frequency band of 1.98~2.01GHz in the quarter-wavelength resonance mode.

[0063] Figure 6 The yellow characteristic line is This shows the axial ratio curve at theta = 95° and phi = 130°. AR stands for Axial Ratio. Port[6] stands for the feed port. The blue characteristic line is This shows the axial ratio vs. frequency curve for theta = 95° and phi = 180°. Figure 6 The curve of the change of the antenna axial ratio with the frequency shows that the antenna in this example realizes the circular polarization antenna characteristic with an axial ratio of less than 5db near 1.9-2.02Ghz, and has the characteristics of good circular polarization performance, wide reception capability, strong resistance to multipath interference, etc.

[0064] It should be understood that at any point P in three-dimensional space, a circle is drawn with the origin O as the center and the distance from the origin O to P as the radius. Theta polarization is the polarization along the tangent direction of the longitude of the circle where point P is located. Phi polarization is the polarization along the tangent direction of the latitude of the circle where point P is located. Abs polarization is the synthesis of theta polarization and phi polarization. Abs is the total polarization, and theta polarization and phi polarization are its two polarization components. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The circular polarization gain is shown from the Phi = 90° interface, that is, the far-field gain characteristic in the direction of the antenna azimuth angle of 90 degrees. Figure 7 In the figure, the red line represents the farfield (f = 2) [6], that is, the characteristic line drawn from the far field data of the feed port represented by [6] at a frequency of 2 GHz, where the antenna operating frequency is 2 GHz, the maximum amplitude of the main lobe = 1.19, the direction of the main lobe is 59.0 degrees, the angular width (3 dB) = 119.9 degrees (the angular range corresponding to the main lobe maximum value decreasing by 3 dB), and the side lobe ratio is -6.2 dB, which represents the ratio of the side lobe to the main lobe. Figure 8In the figure, the red line represents the farfield (f=2) [6], that is, the characteristic line drawn from the far field data of the feeding port represented by [6] at a frequency of 2 GHz, where the operating frequency of the antenna is 2 GHz, the maximum amplitude of the main lobe = 1.61, the direction of the main lobe is 125.0 degrees, the angular width (3 dB) = 66.6 degrees (the angle range corresponding to the main lobe maximum value dropping by 3 dB), and the side lobe ratio is -3.7 dB, which represents the ratio of the side lobe to the main lobe. Here, the left-hand circular polarization gain main lobe is oriented in the direction of theta = 59°, and the right-hand circular polarization gain main lobe is oriented in the direction of theta = 125°, that is, different single circular polarization characteristics are realized on the screen side (corresponding to the right-hand diagram) and the battery cover side (corresponding to the left-hand diagram) of the mobile phone, respectively. It should be understood that the angle of theta is different. In addition, by Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can also be seen that the gain of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization is similar. In summary, the antenna design of this example can enable the mobile phone to maintain good communication effects in different directions and postures, and improve the stability and reliability of communication.

[0065] refer to Fig. 9 , which shows a partial enlarged view of an electronic device in an antenna area viewed from the inside to the outside according to the present disclosure.

[0066] The first main body 111 includes a grounding point 1111 and a feeding point 1112 connected to the frame 1. The open end of the first extension section 112 forms an open circuit end 1121. The input impedance of the feeding point 1112 corresponds to the impedance of the RF transmitting circuit. The feeding point 1112 is used to receive the signal transmitted by the RF transmitting circuit.

[0067] Therefore, the length of the main branch can also be understood as the distance from the grounding point of the main branch to the open-circuit end, where the grounding point is sometimes also referred to as the return point (reference potential). Similarly, the second body of the parasitic branch has a corresponding grounding point 1211, and the second extension section of the parasitic branch has a corresponding open-circuit end 1221. In this technical solution, the input impedance of the feeding point and the impedance of the RF end of the transmitting circuit are designed accordingly, that is, impedance matching between the two is achieved, the purpose of which is to reduce the reflection loss caused by impedance adaptation, ensure that the signal can be efficiently transmitted from the circuit to the antenna, and radiated into the space, so that the antenna can effectively radiate and receive electromagnetic waves, so that the antenna has better performance in a specific frequency band (such as the Tiantong satellite transmission frequency band), and improve the signal transmission efficiency and stability of the entire communication system. Exemplarily, the impedance of the RF end is selected to be 50 ohms (the RF end can be made into an impedance line, and the impedance can be easily set to the target value). In order to achieve impedance matching with the RF end, the antenna end, as those skilled in the art know, can change the antenna impedance by adjusting the feeding position, matching network, adjusting the branch radiator structure, etc. For example, the feeding point can be designed to be close to the ground point (the closer to the ground point, the smaller the impedance), etc. It should be understood that in this example, the input impedance of 50 ohms belongs to the category of small impedance, so it is easier to achieve impedance matching by feeding near the ground point.

[0068] Regarding the size design of the first and second extension segments, it is feasible that the first extension segment 112 has a first thickness W1, the second extension segment 122 has a second thickness W2, the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing have the same value, or the difference between the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing is not greater than 10% of the thickness of the frame.

[0069] Specifically, the first thickness W1, the first spacing D1, and the second thickness W2 can all be selected as 1.6 mm, and the sum of the three is equivalent to the thickness of the metal part of the electronic device frame, which is about 5 mm. This design can maintain impedance continuity, otherwise the impedance of the radiator may suddenly change. In other words, from the thickness direction of the electronic device, the upper end surface of the first main body of the main branch and the upper end surface of the first extension section are constructed to be flush with the upper end surface of the second main body of the parasitic branch, and the lower end surface of the first main body of the main branch is flush with the lower end surface of the second main body of the parasitic branch and the lower end surface of the second extension section, or the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are arranged in alignment in the thickness direction, thereby ensuring the compactness of the entire electronic device frame while maintaining the expected performance of the circularly polarized antenna. Those skilled in the art can adjust these values ​​according to actual conditions. For example, according to the specific conditions of the project, a fluctuation in values ​​within a range of 20% or more can be allowed, which can meet the flexibility design requirements for the thickness and layout position of the first extension section and the second extension section while maintaining the expected performance of the circularly polarized antenna.

[0070] In terms of materials of the electronic device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the frame 1 includes a accommodating portion 13, the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are arranged in the accommodating portion 13, the accommodating portion 13 is composed of non-metallic material, and the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are composed of metallic material; or the frame 1 is composed of metallic material.

[0071] Two different examples of material selection are given in this technical solution. When the main branches and parasitic branches are arranged in the receiving part of the non-metallic material, the insulating properties of the non-metallic material help to reduce current leakage and interference, so that the current can flow more concentratedly between the main branches and the parasitic branches. This optimized current distribution helps to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna. In addition, the receiving part can provide protection, enhance the structural stability of the antenna, and reduce deformation or damage that may occur during transportation and use. In particular, non-metallic materials with good corrosion resistance and insulation properties can be selected, which can provide additional protection for the main branches and parasitic branches of metal materials to prevent them from being eroded and damaged by the external environment, and the appearance requirements can also be met through the design of the receiving part. On the other hand, the frame 1 is composed of metal materials as a whole, the design of the receiving part is cancelled, the manufacturing process is simplified, and it helps to reduce the weight of the entire antenna module and reduce production costs. Those skilled in the art can flexibly select the material configuration of the electronic device according to different application scenarios and requirements.

[0072] It is feasible that when the receiving portion 13 is made of non-metallic material and the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are made of metallic material, the non-metallic material is plastic, and the main branch 11 and the parasitic branch 12 are wrapped by the receiving portion 13 .

[0073] This technical means can be understood as a process form belonging to MDA (Mechanical Design Antenna), in which the antenna and outer frame are constructed by wrapping metal with plastic. To elaborate, plastic, as a non-metallic material, has the advantages of light weight, good processing performance, low cost, and strong adaptability to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. In the antenna structure, the plastic housing can provide good insulation performance and a certain degree of protection to prevent the metal material from being directly exposed to the external environment and being corroded or damaged. It can also provide certain structural support and stability, which helps to reduce the impact of external interference on antenna performance. In addition, the appearance design of the electronic device in the antenna area is borne by the housing, that is, the main branches and parasitic branches are not visible in the appearance, so it has a certain degree of beauty, and different aesthetic effects can be achieved through the aesthetic design of the housing to meet the needs of different users.

[0074] In terms of specific technology, the frame 1 can be constructed by injection molding. Among them, the frame 1 or the middle frame of the mobile phone (including the main branches and parasitic branches) is first a metal part, and then the receiving part 13 is formed by the injection molding process, so that the main branches 11 and the parasitic branches 12 are arranged in the receiving part 13 or are wrapped by the receiving part 13. It can be understood that the application of the injection molding process makes the design of the receiving part more flexible. Through the design of the mold, receiving parts of various shapes and structures can be easily molded, which has strong adaptability and can realize a high degree of integration of the frame together with the main branches and parasitic branches. It is also exemplary that, in combination with Fig. 9 The frame 1 includes a step 14, which is constructed on the third part of the one side and is adjacent to the parasitic branch 12, and the step is in the positive direction (pointing outward) of the X direction (perpendicular to the plane where the Y and Z directions are located), and optionally extends beyond the parasitic branch in the positive and negative directions of Z, thereby providing space for a receiving portion to be formed by injection molding, and enabling the injection-molded receiving portion to be flush with the step outward, so that the entire frame is neat in appearance.

[0075] In addition to injection molding, the above design can also be achieved through Nano Molding Technology (NMT). Specifically, the metal surface is first nano-processed to form nano-scale pits, and then the molten plastic material is injected into these nano-pits through the injection molding process. The anchor effect formed after cooling and solidification can achieve the bonding of metal and plastic at the nanoscale. If necessary, the injection molded product can be processed and treated as needed, such as trimming, grinding, polishing, etc. In short, nano injection molding can not only provide strong material bonding and design flexibility, but also achieve lightweight manufacturing of products.

[0076] It should be understood that all of the above preferred embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described above under the concept of the present disclosure should be within the legal protection scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: A frame, wherein one side of the frame is constructed with at least partially opposite main branches and parasitic branches as an antenna of the electronic device; The main branch comprises a first main body and a first extension section connected to each other, the first main body is located at the first part of the one side, the first extension section is located at the upper half of the second part of the one side, and the main branch forms a first electric field when current is fed into the main branch; The parasitic branch comprises a second main body and a second extension segment connected to each other, the second main body is located at a third portion of the one side, the second extension segment is located at a lower half of the second portion, the first extension segment and the second extension segment have a first spacing in a thickness direction of the electronic device and form an overlapping portion in the thickness direction; as well as When the parasitic branch is excited by the first electric field, the second extension section and the first extension section form a coupled electric field, and the first electric field and the coupled electric field enable the antenna to form a circularly polarized antenna. 2 . The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the first extension section extends toward the second body and is spaced apart from the second body by a second distance, and the second extension section extends toward the first body and is spaced apart from the first body by a third distance. 3 . The electronic device according to claim 2 , wherein the second spacing and / or the third spacing is between 1.2 mm and 2 mm. 4 . The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the extending directions of the first extending section and the second extending section both correspond to the long side directions of the electronic device. 5 . The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the lengths of the main branch and the parasitic branch are determined based on a resonant frequency and a resonant mode of the electronic device and a dielectric constant of the frame. 6 . The electronic device according to claim 5 , wherein the main branch operates in a quarter-wavelength resonance mode when current is fed into the main branch.

7. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first body comprises a grounding point and a feeding point connected to the frame, the open end of the first extension section forms an open circuit end, the input impedance of the feeding point corresponds to the impedance of the RF transmitting circuit, and the feeding point is used to receive the signal transmitted by the RF transmitting circuit. 8 . The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the size of the overlapping portion comprises an overlapping area or an overlapping length of the overlapping portion, and the overlapping area and the first distance are configured such that the antenna of the electronic device forms a circularly polarized antenna.

9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first extension segment has a first thickness, the second extension segment has a second thickness, the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing have the same value, or the difference between the first thickness, the second thickness and the first spacing is no more than 10% of the thickness of the frame; wherein, The main branches and the parasitic branches are aligned in the thickness direction.

10. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a receiving portion, the main branch and the parasitic branch are arranged in the receiving portion, the receiving portion is made of a non-metallic material, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are made of a metallic material; or The frame is made of metal material; When the accommodating portion is made of non-metallic material, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are made of metallic material, the non-metallic material is plastic, and the main branch and the parasitic branch are wrapped by the accommodating portion.

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