A type hole intermittent rice side deep fertilization device and a fertilization method

Abstract

This invention provides a shaped-hole intermittent side-deep fertilization device and method for rice, belonging to the field of fertilization devices. It addresses the problems of fertilizer clogging during fertilization, difficulty in effectively controlling fertilizer dosage, and poor fertilization uniformity in existing fertilization devices. This invention includes a fertilizer discharge system and a pneumatic conveying system. Fertilizer falls into the fertilizer inlet under gravity. A rotating shaft drives a fertilizer discharge turntable to rotate, causing the fertilizer to fall into a semi-enclosed space formed by a slider and the upper part of the shaped hole. The rotating shaft continues to drive the fertilizer discharge turntable to rotate. When the slider contacts the top pin on the bottom plate, the top pin pushes the slider upwards, thereby ejecting the fertilizer from the shaped hole. The pneumatic conveying system then blows the ejected fertilizer out of the discharge pipe under negative pressure, and it falls to the ground under gravity, achieving intermittent, fixed-point fertilization. This effectively solves the problems of fertilizer clogging, difficulty in adjusting fertilizer dosage, and poor fertilization uniformity, and can achieve fertilizer dosage control standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilization equipment technology, and more specifically, to a perforated intermittent side-deep fertilization device and fertilization method for rice. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is one of China's main cash crops. However, many farmlands in rural areas are now abandoned for rice cultivation, instead being planted with cash crops. The primary reason is the cost of planting. With declining soil fertility, rice cultivation requires increased fertilization to maintain yields, leading to higher costs. Another reason is the low level of mechanization in rice cultivation in most rural areas, with tasks such as transplanting and fertilization typically done manually. Therefore, the most direct way to ensure high and stable rice yields is to improve fertilizer utilization. Furthermore, with the deepening implementation of zero-growth initiatives for fertilizer use across various regions, the amount of agricultural fertilizer applied (in tons) has shown a year-on-year decline. This reduction in fertilizer application is the main reason why the total rice yield in 2023 was only 413.21 billion jin (241.85 million tons), a decrease of 0.9% compared to previous years. To ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the rice industry, the problems existing in fertilizer use must be addressed.

[0003] In the decades since the beginning of agriculture, it has been commonly believed that crop yield is directly proportional to the amount of fertilizer applied, leading to fertilizer overuse. To address the problem of excessive fertilization, domestic researchers have conducted extensive research on paddy field fertilization devices, particularly on side-deep fertilization for rice. Because fertilizer is covered by the soil during side-deep fertilization, losses due to drainage are reduced, and utilization efficiency is improved. The use of slow-release fertilizers can also enhance root vitality, leading to the rapid development of side-deep fertilization in recent decades. For example, Wang Jinfeng et al. designed a rotary chute side-deep fertilization machine to address the serious problems of fertilizer waste and the difficulty of implementing precision fertilization. Liang Fang designed an automatic control system for external chute wheel seed metering to improve the seeding rate adjustment range and control accuracy. Li Shuwei et al. designed an electrically driven external chute wheel fertilization device to achieve intermittent fertilization. Currently, domestic research on variable-rate fertilization and hole fertilization primarily focuses on mechanical structures such as external groove wheel fertilization devices and cam-type fertilization devices. While these structures offer precise fertilizer dispensing, they inevitably cause fertilizer breakage due to compression and sometimes lead to fertilizer leakage. To further improve mechanization and fertilizer utilization efficiency, side-deep hole fertilization equipment is a key research focus. For example, Yuan Wensheng et al. designed a spoon wheel-type hole fertilization device, which uses the coordination of components such as the spoon wheel, fertilizer tray, and partitions to create holes for the discharged granular fertilizer. Chen Changhai, Dong Xiaowei, and others conducted design and experimental research on a spiral auger-type side-deep fertilization device for rice, improving fertilization stability and uniformity. With in-depth research, many mechanical devices have been applied to rice production, but the results have not met expectations; therefore, many key technologies still require further research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is:

[0005] To address the problems of fertilizer clogging during the fertilization process in existing fertilization devices, making it difficult to effectively control the amount of fertilizer applied and resulting in poor uniformity of fertilization.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a perforated intermittent side-deep fertilization device for rice, which is mounted on a rice transplanter and includes a fertilizer discharge system and a pneumatic conveying system.

[0008] The fertilizer discharge system includes a base plate, a slider, a fertilizer discharge turntable, an upper shell, a rotating shaft, and a fertilizer inlet. The base plate and the upper shell are fixed to the fertilizer discharge inlet with bolts. One end of the rotating shaft passes through the center of the upper shell and the center of the fertilizer discharge turntable between the upper shell and the base plate, and is then connected to the center of the base plate via a bearing. The fertilizer discharge turntable is fixed to the rotating shaft. The other end of the rotating shaft is connected to a rotating shaft motor installed on the upper shell or a pneumatic conveying system. The fertilizer discharge turntable has multiple circumferentially distributed holes, and each hole contains a slider. The height of the slider is less than the thickness of the hole, and the shape of the slider matches the shape of the hole. In the initial state, the bottom end of the slider is flush with the bottom end of the fertilizer discharge turntable. A top pin is provided on the base plate corresponding to the position of a certain hole. The position of the top pin on the upper shell is connected to the pneumatic conveying system for blowing out the ejected fertilizer. A fertilizer inlet is also provided on the upper shell, and the position of the fertilizer inlet corresponds to the position of another hole.

[0009] The air delivery system includes a fan, a wind speed adjustment switch, an air supply pipe, an air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe, and a fertilizer discharge pipe. The fan is connected to the air supply pipe, the air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe, and the fertilizer discharge pipe in sequence. The air supply pipe is equipped with a wind speed adjustment switch, and the side wall of the air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe is connected to the upper housing.

[0010] Furthermore, the top pin includes a raised arc-shaped block and a square block.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an annular groove, which is disposed on the base plate and corresponds to the position around which the slider rotates, and the top pin is disposed in the annular groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the air delivery system is fixed on the support frame of the rice transplanter, which is used to enable the rice transplanter to perform side-deep fertilization operations while transplanting rice seedlings.

[0013] Furthermore, the hole is a circular hole.

[0014] A fertilization method for a perforated intermittent rice side-deep fertilization device includes the following steps:

[0015] Fertilizer falls into the fertilizer inlet under gravity. The rotating shaft motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate. When the rotating shaft drives the shaped hole on the fertilizer discharge turntable to rotate below the fertilizer inlet, the fertilizer also falls into the shaped hole under gravity. The rotating shaft on the slider in the shaped hole continues to drive the fertilizer discharge turntable to rotate. The rotating shaft motor with the set speed drives the fertilizer discharge turntable to the fertilizer discharge port corresponding to the fertilizer discharge pipe. At this time, the slider contacts the top pin on the bottom plate. Under the action of the top pin, the slider is pushed upward, thereby pushing out the fertilizer in the shaped hole. The blower system blows the pushed-out fertilizer out of the fertilizer discharge pipe under negative pressure. With the action of gravity, it falls to the ground, realizing intermittent fixed-point fertilization.

[0016] Furthermore, when the slider is pushed upwards, the upper surface of the slider is flush with the upper surface of the fertilizer discharge turntable.

[0017] Furthermore, the rice transplanter equipped with a fertilization device has a travel speed of 0.44 m / s, 6 shaped holes, and a fertilizer inlet size of 27*27 mm. 2 .

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] This invention discloses a shaped-hole intermittent side-deep fertilization device and method for rice, comprising a fertilizer discharge system and a pneumatic conveying system. Fertilizer falls into the fertilizer inlet under gravity. A rotating shaft drives a fertilizer discharge turntable to rotate, causing the fertilizer to fall into a semi-enclosed space formed by a slider and the upper part of the shaped hole. The rotating shaft continues to drive the fertilizer discharge turntable to rotate. When the slider contacts a top pin on the bottom plate, the top pin pushes the slider upwards, thereby ejecting the fertilizer from the shaped hole. The pneumatic conveying system then blows the ejected fertilizer out of the fertilizer discharge pipe under negative pressure. Inside, the fertilizer falls to the ground under the influence of gravity, achieving intermittent fixed-point fertilization. This invention can effectively solve the problems of fertilizer blockage, difficulty in adjusting fertilizer amount, and poor fertilizer uniformity, providing a new solution for paddy field fertilization operations. It can effectively achieve fertilizer amount control standards. According to experiments, the optimal solution obtained using this fertilization device is a traveling speed of 0.44 m / s, 6 holes, and a fertilizer inlet of 27*27. The experimental results show a fertilizer placement qualification rate of 95.09% and a fertilizer discharge stability of 8.59%. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of a perforated intermittent rice side-deep fertilization device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a working diagram of a perforated intermittent rice side-deep fertilization device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a motion analysis diagram of the slider in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4This is a structural diagram of the pneumatic conveying system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic fertilizer discharge pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 The above are response surface analysis diagrams in the embodiments of the present invention. Among them, (a), (b) and (c) are the corresponding surface analysis diagrams of the change in the qualified rate of fertilizer application position with the change of conveyor belt speed when the number of orifices or the size of fertilizer inlet remains unchanged; (d) is the corresponding surface analysis diagram of the change in fertilizer discharge stability with the change of forward speed and number of orifices when the fertilizer inlet remains unchanged; (e) is the corresponding surface analysis diagram of the change in fertilizer discharge stability with the change of forward speed and size of fertilizer inlet when the number of orifices remains unchanged; and (f) is the corresponding surface analysis diagram of the change in stability with the change of number of orifices and size of fertilizer inlet when the speed remains unchanged.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Base plate; 2. Slider; 3. Fertilizer discharge turntable; 4. Upper shell; 5. Pneumatic fertilizer discharge pipe; 6. Rotating shaft; 7. Fertilizer inlet; 8. Fan; 9. Wind speed adjustment switch; 10. Air supply pipe; 11. Fertilizer discharge pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms used in the various embodiments, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," and "right," which indicate orientation, are only used to simplify the description of the positional relationships based on the accompanying drawings and do not mean that the components and devices referred to must be operated in accordance with the specific orientations and defined operations, methods, and structures in the specification. Such directional terms do not constitute a limitation of this invention.

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Specific Implementation Plan 1: Combining Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a type of intermittent deep fertilization device for rice with a hole. The fertilization device can be installed on a riding rice transplanter. A fertilizer box is provided on each of the left and right sides of the riding rice transplanter. Each fertilizer box is set on the chassis between the seat and the seedling box. This not only provides space for the worker to load the seedlings, but also ensures the space for the seedling box to move up and down, and also facilitates watering the seedlings on the seedling box, thus improving the efficiency of deep fertilization for machine transplanting.

[0031] The fertilization device includes a fertilizer discharge system and a pneumatic conveying system. The fertilizer discharge system includes a base plate 1, a slider 2, a fertilizer discharge turntable 3, an upper housing 4, a rotating shaft 6, and a fertilizer inlet 7. The base plate 1 and the upper housing 4 are fixed to the fertilizer discharge inlet with bolts. One end of the rotating shaft 6 passes through the center of the upper housing 4 and the center of the fertilizer discharge turntable 3 between the upper housing and the base plate 1, and is then connected to the center of the base plate 1 via a bearing. The fertilizer discharge turntable 3 is fixed to the rotating shaft 6. The other end of the rotating shaft 6 is connected to a rotating shaft motor installed on the upper housing 4 or the pneumatic conveying system. The fertilizer discharge turntable... 3. Multiple shaped holes are evenly distributed around the periphery, and a slider 2 is provided in each shaped hole. The height of the slider 2 is less than the thickness of the shaped hole. The shape of the slider 2 matches the shape of the shaped hole. The shaped hole can be a circular hole. In the initial state, the bottom end of the slider 2 is flush with the bottom end of the fertilizer discharge turntable 3. A top pin is provided on the bottom plate 1 corresponding to the position of a certain shaped hole. The top pin includes a raised arc-shaped block and a square block. The upper shell 4 is connected to the air conveying system corresponding to the position of the top pin. A fertilizer inlet 7 is also provided on the upper shell 4. The fertilizer inlet 7 corresponds to the position of another shaped hole.

[0032] It also includes an annular groove, which is provided on the base plate 1 and corresponds to the position of the slider 2 rotating around the shaft 6 for one revolution, and the top pin is provided in the annular groove;

[0033] The air delivery system includes a fan 8, a wind speed adjustment switch 9, an air supply pipe 10, an air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe 5, and a fertilizer discharge pipe 11. The fan 8 is connected to the air supply pipe 10, the air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe 5, and the fertilizer discharge pipe 11 in sequence. The air supply pipe 10 is equipped with a wind speed adjustment switch 9. The side wall of the air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe 5 is connected to the upper housing 4.

[0034] The air delivery system can be fixed on the support frame of the riding rice transplanter to enable the riding rice transplanter to perform side-deep fertilization operations while transplanting rice seedlings.

[0035] Specific Implementation Plan Two: Combining Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a fertilization method for a perforated intermittent rice side-deep fertilization device, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, fertilizer falls into fertilizer inlet 7 under gravity. The rotating shaft motor drives the rotating shaft 6 to rotate. When the rotating shaft 6 drives the shaped hole on the fertilizer discharge turntable 3 to rotate below the fertilizer inlet 7, the fertilizer falls into the shaped hole and is located on the slider 2 inside the shaped hole, that is, it falls into the semi-enclosed space formed by the slider 2 and the upper part of the shaped hole. There is a brush in the fertilizer box to sweep away excess fertilizer on the shaped hole to ensure accurate fertilizer quality. The rotating shaft 6 continues to drive the fertilizer discharge turntable 3 to rotate. The stepper motor (rotating shaft motor) with the set speed drives the fertilizer discharge turntable 3 to the fertilizer discharge port corresponding to the fertilizer discharge pipe 11. At this time, the slider 2 contacts the top pin on the bottom plate 1. Under the action of the top pin, the slider 2 is pushed upward, thereby pushing out the fertilizer in the shaped hole. The ejected fertilizer is blown out of the fertilizer discharge pipe 11 under negative pressure by the air conveying system. It falls to the ground under the action of gravity, realizing intermittent fixed-point fertilization. When the slider 2 is pushed upward, the upper surface of the slider 2 is flush with the upper surface of the fertilizer discharge turntable 3.

[0037] When the air delivery system is working, the blower 8 generates a certain pressure air source by compressing gas. When passing through the pipeline, the wind speed regulating switch 9 adjusts the wind force entering the air supply pipe 10. When passing through the fertilizer discharge pipe 11, the negative pressure is formed in the pipeline by the action of the venturi tube, which draws the fertilizer into the pipeline and mixes it with the air. Then, under the action of gas pressure, the fertilizer is sent into the fertilizer discharge pipe 11 and falls into the fertilizer ditch near the seedlings under the combined action of gravity and airflow thrust.

[0038] Design the parameters of this device

[0039] 1. Parameter and motion analysis of the fertilization device

[0040] For the fertilization device of the present invention, the selection of the size and number of orifices and the diameter of the fertilizer discharge turntable 3 directly affects the fertilizer application rate. Therefore, in order to ensure that the fertilizer application rate meets the agronomic requirements during agricultural machinery operation, it is necessary to make reasonable selections regarding the size of the orifices and the diameter of the fertilizer discharge turntable 3. If the working space is too small, the diameter of the fertilizer discharge turntable 3 can be reduced. At this time, the fertilizer application rate can be ensured by increasing the motor speed or the number of orifices. However, if the speed is too fast, the time for the fertilizer filling process will be shortened, which may lead to incomplete fertilizer filling. If the working space is sufficient, the diameter of the fertilizer discharge turntable 3 can be appropriately increased. At this time, the fertilizer application rate can be ensured by slowing down the rotation speed. However, an excessively large diameter will affect the wind force of the fan 8 blowing directly on the surface of the fertilizer discharge turntable 3, thus weakening the fertilization effect.

[0041] Based on the design and testing of the hole-type rice side-deep fertilization device, the fertilizer application rate was determined to be 1.3g per hole, while ensuring sufficient working space for the workers using the riding-type rice transplanter. A fertilizer dispensing turntable with a diameter D1 of 120mm was selected. Four perforations were initially set on the turntable to determine the row spacing, with some allowance for adjusting the hole spacing. To allow for adjustment of the fertilizer application rate within a certain range, a perforation diameter D2 of 20mm and an inner height of 5mm were chosen. The parameters of the fertilization device play a crucial role in the theoretical analysis of the fertilizer dispensing rate q per revolution, and also determine the working efficiency of the side-deep fertilization. Therefore, q needs to be calculated, i.e.:

[0042] q=σρhS (1)

[0043] Where σ is the fertilizer granule filling coefficient; ρ is the fertilizer granule density, g / cm³. 3 h is the height of the groove, which is the height of the hole minus the height of slider 2, in mm; S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the groove, in mm. 2 ;

[0044] The top pin is the most critical component of the fertilization device. Slider 2 needs to contact it during operation to discharge fertilizer. The design of the top pin directly affects the stability of slider 2's operation. During operation, the rotation of the turntable forces slider 2 to quickly contact the top pin. To ensure continuous fertilization, the tangent slope k of the contact surface between slider 2 and the top pin must be reduced. Theoretically, the smaller the tangent slope, the smoother the machine runs, but the longer the fertilizer discharge process. However, the machine must ensure that the next slider 2 contacts the top pin as soon as one slider 2 completes its fertilizer discharge. Therefore, a margin must be allowed for the fertilizer discharge time. A platform is added at the end of the arc of the curved block to extend the fertilization time and ensure the integrity of the fertilization process. The top pin height is adjustable; to ensure fertilizer can be transported into the duct, the top pin height is temporarily set at 5mm.

[0045] The main research objective is to study the fertilizer carrying and discharging process of the fertilization device during operation. The expected scenario is that the fertilizer, as the turntable rotates within the fertilizer tank, is gradually moved upwards by the slider 2 and, at the top, is blown into the discharge pipe 11 under the combined action of centrifugal force and wind.

[0046] Assuming the entire fertilizer is considered as a single particle Z, and a reference frame oxy is established with the center of the base plate 1 as the origin, the motion of particle Z within the fertilizer discharge turntable 3 includes a combination of normal uniform linear motion and tangential uniform rotation with the fertilizer discharge turntable 3. Particle Z moves along this trajectory during the fertilizer discharge process, and after leaving the fertilizer discharge turntable 3, it is still only subject to gravity. Therefore, the displacement and force during the fertilizer discharge process are analyzed as shown in equations (2) and (3):

[0047]

[0048] Where L is the distance from the particle to the center of the disk, mm; X is the distance the particle moves in the X direction during the fertilizer discharge process, mm; Y is the distance the particle moves in the Y direction during the fertilizer discharge process, mm; θ is the angle of rotation of the disk during the fertilizer discharge process; Fz is the vertical component of the force on slider 2 at the top of the pin, N; Fs is the horizontal component of the force on slider 2 at the top of the pin, N; F L ω is the centrifugal force acting on the particle, N; ω is the rotational speed of the disk; k is the slope of the tangent at the tip of the pin.

[0049] From formulas (2) and (3), it can be analyzed that the horizontal and vertical movements of particle Z are stable from the start to the end of fertilizer discharge. The sudden change occurs at the moment of fertilizer discharge. As k increases, the force on slider 2 also changes. At the same time, particle Z is also subjected to centrifugal force. Under the combined action of these two forces, particle Z will be thrown out when it is completely pushed out by the top pin. The centrifugal force is affected by both rotation speed ω and L. The rotation speed ω is variable. When the rotation speed increases, particle Z is subjected to greater force. When it is thrown out, it is also affected by wind force, which makes particle Z more dispersed and conducive to fertilizer discharge. However, if the rotation speed is too high, particle Z will be blown onto the upper shell 4, causing particle Z to break. When the rotation speed decreases, particle Z is subjected to less force, and fertilizer is easily blown down by the wind and accumulates in the pipeline, blocking the fertilizer discharge pipe 11. It can be seen that the rotation speed ω plays a crucial role in fertilizer discharge performance.

[0050] 2. Parameter design of the pneumatic conveying system

[0051] The pneumatic conveying system is designed to ensure the fertilizer conveying performance. Factors affecting this performance include airflow rate. To ensure smooth and unobstructed fertilizer transport within the pipeline, a suitable mixing ratio of granular fertilizer and air must be maintained. The selected fan 8 is an 80W adjustable-speed centrifugal fan with a speed of 2800 r / min. The air source for fan 8 is a low-pressure air source, and the mixing ratio is set at 0.6. The pneumatic fertilizer discharge pipe 5 is designed as a venturi pipe with multiple elevation changes, making a reasonable conveying air velocity crucial. If the velocity is too low, fertilizer granules tend to accumulate in the low-lying areas of the pipe, leading to blockages and affecting overall conveying efficiency. Conversely, excessively high velocities not only result in unnecessary energy consumption but also increase friction between the fertilizer granules and the pipe's inner wall, increasing pipe wear and fertilizer granule breakage. Therefore, the formula for setting the airflow rate and conveying air velocity is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] V * =bV L (5)

[0054] Where Q is the airflow rate, m 3 / s; W is the conveying mechanism productivity, t / h; γ is the air density; μ is the mixing concentration ratio; V* is the conveying air velocity, m / s; V L ρ is the fertilizer suspension velocity, m / s; b is the velocity coefficient (generally 1.5–2.5);

[0055] Given γ = 1.2 kg / m 3 The rice transplanter's operating efficiency is 0.2–0.6 hm². 2 / h, based on maximum operating efficiency of 0.6hm 2 / h, fertilizer application rate 300kg / hm 2 Calculations show that W is 0.183 t / h, and Q = 70.49 m. 3 / h; Through suspension tests, the measured suspension velocity was 11.26 m / s; Due to the high density of the slow-release compound fertilizer used for fertilization and the long air delivery pipeline, the velocity coefficient k was selected as 2, and the air delivery velocity V* was 22.52 m / s. The inner diameter of the air delivery fertilizer pipe 5 is determined by both the air consumption and the air delivery velocity, and the inner diameter can be obtained by equation (6):

[0056]

[0057] Calculations show that the inner diameter d1 of the pneumatic fertilizer delivery pipe 5 is 33.3 mm. A steel wire reinforced plastic flexible hose with an inner diameter of 32 mm is selected. (Combined with...) Figure 5 As shown, the air-pumped fertilizer pipe is designed according to the Venturi tube design method, with a contraction angle of 22° and a diffusion angle of 10°, resulting in an inner diameter d2 of 22.4 mm at the contraction end.

[0058] 1. Calculate the optimal parameters for travel speed, number of boreholes, and inlet size using bench tests.

[0059] Experimental conditions

[0060] The experiment was conducted at the Rice Production Machinery Laboratory of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University, using a seed metering device performance testing platform. The machine was fixed in place, and the rotating conveyor belt simulated the forward movement of a ride-on rice transplanter. The density of the tested fertilizer was measured to be 1.24 g / cm³. 3 During the experiment, the fertilization device was fixedly installed on the test bench. The fan speed control switch controlled the fan 8 to maintain the wind speed at 25 m / s. According to the agronomic requirements, the conveyor belt speed was set within the range of 0.3 m / s to 0.6 m / s, and the corresponding disc rotation speed was calculated using formula (7).

[0061]

[0062] Among them, L y is the seedling spacing, mm; v is the conveyor belt speed, m / s; n is the number of perforations;

[0063] The speed of the stepper motor is controlled by an S7-200SMART Siemens PLC, and the speed of the conveyor belt is controlled by adjusting the frequency converter of the seed metering test bench to simulate the field operation process of a rice transplanter.

[0064] Experimental Design and Methods

[0065] The bench test was conducted in accordance with NY / T1003—2006 "Technical Specification for Quality Evaluation of Fertilizer Application Machinery", mainly measuring the qualification rate of fertilization location and fertilization stability.

[0066] When the horizontal absolute speed of the fertilization device is zero, fertilizer boxes with different sizes of fertilizer inlets 7 are used. A measuring cup is placed below the fertilizer discharge pipe 11, and the mass of fertilizer in the cup is weighed (accuracy 0.1g). The weight of 12 intermittent fertilizer discharges is recorded and the average value is calculated. This process is repeated 3 times. Using the conveyor belt speed, fertilizer inlet 7 size, and number of perforations as experimental factors, and selecting the seedling-fertilizer longitudinal distance qualification rate and fertilizer discharge stability as response indicators, single-factor experiments are conducted to study the influence of each factor on the response indicators. Multi-factor experiments are conducted to study the interaction effects of each factor on the response indicators.

[0067]

[0068] Where U is the standard deviation; V is the coefficient of variation; N* is the total number of fertilizations; y1 is the pass rate of fertilization location, %; c is the number of times the fertilization location passed; x i The mass of fertilizer measured each time is in grams;

[0069] Data processing was performed using Design-Expert software. The conveyor belt speed, the number of holes, and the size of the fertilizer inlet were coded as X1, X2, and X3, respectively. The measured experimental data and the calculated fertilizer application location qualification rate, i.e., fertilizer discharge stability, are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. The fertilizer application location qualification rate and fertilizer discharge stability were used as response indicators in a quadratic regression orthogonal combination experiment.

[0070] Table 1 Factor Level Coding Table

[0071]

[0072] Table 2 Experimental Design and Results

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Experimental Results and Analysis

[0076] Regression analysis was performed on the experimental results obtained from Tables 1 and 2 to obtain the quadratic regression equations for the qualified fertilization location rate y1 and the fertilization stability y2, respectively:

[0077]

[0078] Table 3. Analysis of Variance on the Qualification Rate of Fertilization Location

[0079]

[0080] Since a p-value less than 0.0500 indicates that the model term is significant, and a p-value greater than 0.1000 indicates that the model term is not significant, Table 3 shows that A, C, and A... 2 These are important model terms; insignificant terms AC, BC, and B are removed. 2 The new regression equation is obtained:

[0081] y1=95.54-2.26x1-1.42x2+1.86x3-2.04x1x2-3.47x1 2 -2.16x3 2 (14)

[0082] Table 4. Analysis of Variance of Fertilizer Excretion Stability

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] Since a p-value less than 0.0500 indicates that the model term is significant, and a p-value greater than 0.1000 indicates that the model term is not significant, as shown in Table 4, BC, A... 2 B 2 These are important model terms. Removing insignificant terms A, B, C, AB, and AC yields a new regression equation:

[0086]

[0087] Depend on Figure 6 From (a), (b), and (c), it can be seen that when the number of orifices or the size of the fertilizer inlet 7 remains constant, the pass rate of fertilizer application will first increase and then decrease as the conveyor belt speed increases. This is because the above two factors directly affect the fertilizer filling process and have little impact on the fertilizer discharge process; from Figure 6From (d), we can see that when the fertilizer inlet 7 remains constant, the fertilizer discharge stability will first decrease and then increase with the increase of the forward speed and the number of orifices; from (e), we can see that when the number of orifices remains constant, the fertilizer discharge stability will first decrease and then increase with the increase of the forward speed and the size of the fertilizer inlet 7. This is because the fertilizer discharge interval is reduced when the speed increases. Initially, the interval decreases because the fertilizer discharge capacity is excessive at this time. If the fertilizer discharge capacity cannot keep up, the fertilizer discharge stability will deteriorate; from (f), we can see that when the speed remains constant, the stability will first decrease and then increase with the increase of the number of orifices, and decrease as the size of the fertilizer inlet 7 increases. This is because as the number of orifices increases, the rotation angle of the disk during fertilizer discharge decreases. Initially, this increases the stability, but once it exceeds the limit, it will inevitably lead to a decrease in stability. On the other hand, increasing the size of the fertilizer inlet 7 increases the fertilizer filling efficiency, so it will improve the stability within a certain range.

[0088] Optimized design

[0089] To achieve stable fertilization performance, Design-Expert software was used to perform multi-objective optimization with the minimum coefficient of variation as the optimization objective. The objectives and optimization conditions are as follows:

[0090]

[0091] ＜ The optimal solution for the device is a travel speed of 0.44 m / s, 6 orifices, and an inlet diameter of 27*27 mm. 2 The optimal overall effect was achieved at the time of application, with the experimental results showing a fertilization location qualification rate of 95.09% and a fertilizer discharge stability of 8.59%, both meeting agronomic requirements.

[0092] The other combinations and connections in this implementation scheme are the same as in Specific Implementation Scheme 1.

[0093] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of intermittent, deep-side fertilization device for rice, wherein the fertilization device is mounted on a rice transplanter, characterized in that: The fertilization device includes a fertilizer discharge system and a pneumatic conveying system. The fertilizer discharge system includes a base plate (1), a slider (2), a fertilizer discharge turntable (3), an upper housing (4), a rotating shaft (6), and a fertilizer inlet (7). The base plate (1) and the upper housing (4) are fixed to the fertilizer discharge inlet by bolts. One end of the rotating shaft (6) passes through the center of the upper housing (4) and the center of the fertilizer discharge turntable (3) between the upper housing (4) and the base plate (1), and is then connected to the center of the base plate (1) by a bearing. The fertilizer discharge turntable (3) is fixed on the rotating shaft (6). The other end of the rotating shaft (6) is connected to a rotating shaft motor installed on the upper housing (4) or the pneumatic conveying system. The fertilizer discharge turntable (3) has multiple shaped holes evenly distributed around its circumference. Each shaped hole has a slider (2) inside it. The height of the slider (2) is less than the thickness of the shaped hole. The shape of the slider (2) matches the shape of the shaped hole. In the initial state, the bottom end of the slider (2) is flush with the bottom end of the fertilizer discharge turntable (3). The bottom plate (1) has a top pin corresponding to the position of a certain shaped hole. The upper shell (4) is connected to the air conveying system corresponding to the position of the top pin, which is used to blow out the fertilizer. The upper shell (4) also has a fertilizer inlet (7), which corresponds to the position of another shaped hole. The air delivery system includes a blower (8), a wind speed adjustment switch (9), an air supply pipe (10), an air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe (5), and a fertilizer discharge pipe (11). The blower (8) is connected to the air supply pipe (10), the air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe (5), and the fertilizer discharge pipe (11) in sequence. The air supply pipe (10) is equipped with a wind speed adjustment switch (9). The side wall of the air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe (5) is connected to the upper housing (4). The top pin includes a raised arc-shaped block and a square block; Design the parameters of the fertilization device. The fertilizer discharge rate q per revolution of the fertilizer plant is: Where σ is the fertilizer granule filling coefficient; ρ is the fertilizer granule density, g / cm³. 3 h is the height of the groove, which is the height of the hole minus the height of the slider (2), in mm; S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the groove, in mm. 2 ; When working, the slider (2) needs to contact the top pin to perform fertilizer discharge. The design of the top pin directly affects the stability of the slider (2) operation. When working, the rotation of the turntable forces the slider (2) to contact the top pin quickly. If you want to ensure the continuity of fertilizer application, you must reduce the tangent slope k of the contact surface between the slider (2) and the top pin. Theoretically, the smaller the tangent slope, the smoother the machine will run, but the longer the fertilizer discharge process will take. However, when the machine is working, it is necessary to ensure that when one slider (2) completes the fertilizer discharge work, the next slider (2) must contact the top pin. Therefore, the fertilizer discharge time must have a margin. Add a platform at the end of the arc of the arc block to extend the fertilizer application time and ensure the integrity of the fertilizer application process. The height of the top pin is adjustable. In order to ensure that the fertilizer can be transported to the air duct, the height of the top pin is temporarily set at 5mm. Assuming the entire fertilizer is considered as a single particle Z, and a reference frame oxy is established with the center of the base plate (1) as the origin, the motion of particle Z within the fertilizer discharge turntable (3) includes a combination of normal uniform linear motion and tangential uniform rotation with the fertilizer discharge turntable (3). Particle Z moves along this trajectory during the fertilizer discharge process, and after leaving the fertilizer discharge turntable (3), it is still only subject to gravity. Therefore, the displacement and force during the fertilizer discharge process are analyzed as shown in equations (2) and (3): Where L is the distance from the particle to the center of the disk, mm; X is the distance the particle moves in the X direction during the fertilizer discharge process, mm; Y is the distance the particle moves in the Y direction during the fertilizer discharge process, mm; θ is the angle of rotation of the disk during the fertilizer discharge process; Fz is the vertical component of the force on the top pin of the slider (2), N; Fs is the horizontal component of the force on the top pin of the slider (2), N; F L ω is the centrifugal force acting on the particle, N; ω is the rotational speed of the disk; k is the slope of the tangent at the tip of the pin. From formulas (2) and (3), it can be analyzed that the horizontal and vertical movements of particle Z are stable from the start to the end of fertilizer discharge. The sudden change occurs at the moment of the end of fertilizer discharge. As k increases, the force on the slider (2) will also change. At the same time, particle Z is also subjected to centrifugal force. Under the combined action of these two forces, particle Z will be thrown out when it is completely pushed out by the top pin. Centrifugal force is affected by rotation speed ω and L. Rotation speed ω is variable. When the rotation speed increases, particle Z is subjected to greater force. When it is thrown out, it is also affected by wind force, which will make particle Z more dispersed and conducive to fertilizer discharge. However, when the rotation speed is too high, particle Z will be blown onto the upper shell (4) and the particle Z will break. When the rotation speed decreases, particle Z is subjected to less force and fertilizer is easily blown down by the wind and accumulates in the pipeline, blocking the fertilizer discharge pipe (11). It can be seen that rotation speed ω plays a crucial role in fertilizer discharge performance. Design the parameters of the pneumatic conveying system. The purpose of setting up the air delivery system is to ensure the delivery performance of fertilizer. The factors affecting the delivery performance include: air flow rate. In order to ensure that the fertilizer is transported smoothly in the pipeline without being blocked, the granular fertilizer and air should maintain an appropriate mixing concentration ratio. The selected fan (8) is an adjustable speed centrifugal fan with a power of 80W and a speed of 2800r / min. The air source of the fan (8) is a low-pressure air source, and the mixing concentration ratio is 0.

6. The air delivery fertilizer discharge pipe (5) is designed as a Venturi tube with many ups and downs. If the speed is too low, the fertilizer particles are easy to accumulate in the low-lying areas of the pipe, which will cause blockage and affect the overall delivery efficiency. On the contrary, if the speed is too high, it will not only lead to unnecessary energy consumption, but also aggravate the friction between the fertilizer particles and the inner wall of the pipe, increase pipe wear and fertilizer particle breakage. Therefore, the formula for setting the air flow rate and delivery air velocity is as follows: Where Q is the airflow rate, m 3 / s; W is the conveying mechanism productivity, t / h; γ is the air density; μ is the mixing concentration ratio; V* is the conveying air velocity, m / s; V L ρ is the fertilizer suspension velocity, m / s; b is the velocity coefficient; Given γ = 1.2 kg / m 3 The rice transplanter's operating efficiency is 0.2–0.6 hm². 2 / h, based on maximum operating efficiency of 0.6hm 2 / h, fertilizer application rate 300kg / hm 2 Calculations show that W is 0.183 t / h, and Q = 70.49 m. 3 / h; Through suspension test, the actual measured suspension velocity was 11.26m / s; Due to the high density of the slow-release compound fertilizer used for fertilization and the long air delivery pipeline, the velocity coefficient k was selected as 2, and the air delivery velocity V* was 22.52m / s; The inner diameter of the air delivery fertilizer pipe (5) is determined by the air consumption and the air delivery velocity, and the inner diameter can be obtained by formula (6): The inner diameter d1 of the air-pumped fertilizer pipe (5) is calculated to be 33.3 mm. A steel wire skeleton plastic hose with an inner diameter of 32 mm is selected. The air-pumped fertilizer pipe is designed according to the Venturi tube design method. The contraction angle is 22° and the diffusion angle is 10°. The inner diameter d2 of the contraction end is 22.4 mm. Optimized design, The machine is fixed in place while the conveyor belt rotates, simulating a riding-style rice transplanter moving forward. The density of the tested fertilizer was measured to be 1.24 g / cm³. 3 During the experiment, the fertilization device was fixedly installed on the test bench. The fan speed control switch controlled the fan (8) to maintain the wind speed at 25 m / s. According to the agronomic requirements, the speed of the conveyor belt was set within the range of 0.3 m / s to 0.6 m / s, and the corresponding disc rotation speed was calculated using formula (7). Among them, L y is the seedling spacing, mm; v is the conveyor belt speed, m / s; n is the number of perforations; The speed of the stepper motor is controlled by an S7-200SMART Siemens PLC, and the speed of the conveyor belt is controlled by adjusting the frequency converter of the seed metering test bench to simulate the field operation process of a rice transplanter. When the absolute horizontal speed of the fertilization device is zero, fertilizer boxes with different fertilizer inlets (7) are replaced. The mass of fertilizer in the container is weighed by placing a measuring cup under the fertilizer discharge pipe (11). The weight of 12 intermittent fertilizer discharges is recorded and the average value is calculated. This is repeated 3 times. The conveyor belt speed, fertilizer inlet (7) size, and number of holes are used as experimental factors. The seedling fertilizer longitudinal distance qualification rate and fertilizer discharge stability are selected as response indicators. The influence of each factor on the response indicators is studied through single-factor experiments. The influence of the interaction of each factor on the response indicators is studied through multi-factor experiments. Where U is the standard deviation; V is the coefficient of variation; N* is the total number of fertilizations; y1 is the pass rate of fertilization location, %; c is the number of times the fertilization location passed; x i The mass of fertilizer measured each time is in grams; Data processing was performed using Design-Expert software. The conveyor belt speed, the number of holes, and the size of the fertilizer inlet (7) were used as experimental factors, with coded values ​​X1, X2, and X3, respectively. The measured experimental data and the calculated fertilizer application location qualification rate were used as the fertilizer discharge stability results. The fertilizer application location qualification rate and fertilizer discharge stability were used as response indicators. A quadratic regression orthogonal combination experiment was set up to obtain the quadratic regression equations for the fertilizer application location qualification rate y1 and the fertilizer discharge stability y2, respectively: Since a p-value less than 0.0500 indicates that the model term is significant, and a p-value greater than 0.1000 indicates that the model term is not significant, removing the insignificant data yields a new regression equation: Since a p-value less than 0.0500 indicates that the model term is significant, and a p-value greater than 0.1000 indicates that the model term is not significant, removing the insignificant data yields a new regression equation: It can be seen that when the number of orifices or the size of the fertilizer inlet (7) remains unchanged, the fertilizer application rate will first increase and then decrease as the conveyor belt speed increases; when the fertilizer inlet (7) remains unchanged, the fertilizer discharge stability will first decrease and then increase as the forward speed and the number of orifices increase; when the number of orifices remains unchanged, the fertilizer discharge stability will first decrease and then increase as the forward speed and the size of the fertilizer inlet (7) increase; when the speed remains unchanged, the stability will first decrease and then increase as the number of orifices increases, and decrease as the size of the fertilizer inlet (7) increases. To achieve stable fertilization performance, Design-Expert software was used to perform multi-objective optimization with the goal of minimizing the coefficient of variation. The objectives and optimization conditions are as follows: The optimal solution for the device is a rice transplanter travel speed of 0.44 m / s, 6 holes, and a fertilizer inlet (7) size of 27*27 mm. 2 .

2. The intermittent spherical rice side-deep fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an annular groove, which is set on the base plate (1) and corresponds to the position of the slider (2) around one circumference, and the top pin is set in the annular groove.

3. The intermittent spherical rice side-deep fertilization device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pneumatic conveying system is fixed on the support frame of the rice transplanter and is used to enable the rice transplanter to perform side-deep fertilization operations while transplanting rice seedlings.

4. The intermittent spherical rice side-deep fertilization device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hole is a circular hole.

5. A fertilization method for the intermittent side-deep fertilization device for rice according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Fertilizer falls into the fertilizer inlet (7) under gravity. The rotating shaft motor drives the rotating shaft (6) to rotate. When the rotating shaft (6) drives the shaped hole on the fertilizer discharge turntable (3) to rotate below the fertilizer inlet (7), the fertilizer also falls into the shaped hole under gravity. The rotating shaft (6) on the slider (2) located in the shaped hole continues to drive the fertilizer discharge turntable (3) to rotate. The rotating shaft motor with the set speed drives the fertilizer discharge turntable (3) to rotate to the fertilizer discharge port corresponding to the fertilizer discharge pipe (11). At this time, the slider (2) contacts the top pin on the bottom plate (1). Under the action of the top pin, the slider (2) is pushed up, thereby pushing out the fertilizer in the shaped hole. The fertilizer pushed out is blown out of the fertilizer discharge pipe (11) under negative pressure by the air conveying system. It falls to the ground under the action of gravity, realizing intermittent fixed-point fertilization.

6. The fertilization method of the intermittent lateral deep fertilization device for rice according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the slider (2) is pushed upward, the upper surface of the slider (2) is flush with the upper surface of the fertilizer discharge turntable (3).

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