A soilless substrate for blueberry cultivation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a soilless substrate for blueberry cultivation and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of blueberry soilless cultivation. The soilless substrate is prepared from peat, vermiculite, sawdust, pea vine treated powder, modified coconut bran, walnut green peel fermented material, manure, calcium propionate, and oligomaltosaccharide, wherein the pea vine treated powder is prepared by boiling and drying after pea vine ethanol extraction, and the walnut green peel fermented material is prepared by fermenting walnut green peel with yeast, sterilizing it, and then fermenting it with plant lactobacillus. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, promotes the growth efficiency of blueberry soilless cultivation, promotes the high yield of blueberries, and improves the economic benefits in soilless cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry soilless cultivation, and in particular to a blueberry cultivation soilless substrate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Blueberry, also known as bilberry and blue berry, belongs to the genus Vaccinium of the family Ericaceae. It is a perennial deciduous or evergreen shrub or small shrub. The unique blueberry anthocyanins and other substances in its fruit have the effects of improving eyesight, anti-aging, cancer prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular and urinary system diseases. It is known as the "functional health berry of the 21st century" and the "Queen of Fruits". With the manifestation of the nutritional value of blueberry, the blueberry planting industry has become more and more developed, and the planting methods of blueberries have gradually developed in a diversified way. Among them, soilless substrate cultivation is a more popular planting development line.

[0003] Substrate cultivation is the most widely promoted method in soilless cultivation. It uses peat or forest leaf mold, vermiculite and other lightweight materials as seedling substrate to fix plants, fix the root system of crops in organic or inorganic substrates, and use drip irrigation to supply nutrient solution. It is a labor-saving, water-saving, fertilizer-saving, high-quality and efficient, environmentally friendly and less-polluting cultivation technology. Using soilless substrate to cultivate blueberries can significantly shorten the growth cycle of blueberries, but different substrates have different effects on the growth and yield of blueberries. On this basis, designing a soilless cultivation substrate that can increase the growth of blueberries and promote high yields of blueberries is a major research direction in blueberry cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a blueberry cultivation soilless substrate and a preparation method thereof, which further promotes the growth efficiency of blueberry soilless cultivation, promotes high yield of blueberries, and improves the economic benefits of soilless cultivation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A soilless substrate for blueberry cultivation comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of peat, 10-14 parts of vermiculite, 15-20 parts of sawdust, 4-8 parts of pea vine treated powder, 6-10 parts of modified coconut bran, 4-6 parts of walnut green peel fermented material, 2-4 parts of manure, 0.05-0.07 parts of calcium propionate, and 0.02-0.04 parts of maltooligosaccharide; the pea vine treated powder is prepared by crushing the whole pea vine plant, soaking it in 75% ethanol to remove the solvent, boiling it with water, and then drying and crushing it; the modified coconut bran is prepared by crushing the coconut bran, boiling it with water, and then microwave drying it; the walnut green peel fermented material is prepared by crushing the walnut green peel, mixing it, fermenting it with yeast and lactobacillus plantarum, and then drying and crushing it.

[0007] Preferably, the method for preparing the pea seedling processed powder comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) crushing fresh pea vine plants and then soaking them in 3-5 times the volume of 75% ethanol solution for 2-4 hours, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain preliminarily treated pea vines;

[0009] (2) Add 3-5 times the volume of clean water to the above-mentioned preliminarily treated pea vines, cook at 100-110° C. for 15-20 minutes, then dry at 40-50° C. to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then grind through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pea vine treated powder.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified coconut husk comprises the following steps:

[0011] (1) crushing coconut husk, adding 5-10 times the volume of clean water, boiling at 60-80° C. for 20-30 minutes to swell, and then filtering to obtain preliminary swollen coconut husk powder;

[0012] (2) The preliminary swollen coconut bran powder is subjected to microwave drying at a power of 200-400 W until the water content is ≤ 8%, thereby obtaining modified coconut bran.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of the walnut green peel fermented material comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) Crush the walnut peel, add 3-5 times the volume of clean water, mix evenly, inoculate yeast and ferment for 4-6 days, then sterilize at 110° C. for 20-30 minutes to obtain a preliminary fermentation material for use;

[0015] (2) The preliminary fermented material is inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and fermented for 8-10 hours, then dried at 35-45° C. to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then crushed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a walnut green peel fermented material.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of yeast added in step (1) is 0.1%-0.15% of the total mass of walnut green peel, and the amount of live yeast is 10 9 -10 10 Pieces / g.

[0017] Preferably, the amount of Lactobacillus plantarum added in step (2) is 0.2%-0.3%, and the number of viable Lactobacillus plantarum is 10 9 -10 10 Pieces / g.

[0018] Preferably, the particle size of the wood chips is 0.2-1.5 cm, and the wood chips are any one or more of pine wood chips or broadleaf wood chips.

[0019] The method for preparing a soilless substrate for blueberry cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1. Add modified coconut husk into 5-10 times volume of clean water and stir evenly, then add calcium propionate and mix to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0021] S2, placing vermiculite in the above mixed slurry and mixing evenly, then increasing the pressure to 2-4MPa, and continuing stirring for 20-30min to obtain the pretreated material for standby use;

[0022] S3, naturally air-drying the pre-treated material to a moisture content of 25%±5%, adding maltooligosaccharide and pea vine treated powder, and mixing until the moisture content is ≤8%, to obtain a mixed material for standby use;

[0023] S4. Mix the above-mentioned mixed materials with peat, sawdust, fermented walnut peel and manure, and stir evenly to obtain a soilless matrix.

[0024] Preferably, in step S2, the speed of increasing the pressure to 2-4 MPa and continuing the stirring treatment is 800-1200 r / min.

[0025] The present invention provides a soilless substrate for blueberry cultivation and a preparation method thereof, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0026] The present invention adopts peat, vermiculite, sawdust, pea vine treated powder, modified coconut bran, walnut green peel fermented material, manure, calcium propionate and oligomaltose to prepare soilless matrix for cultivating blueberries, effectively improving the growth efficiency of blueberries and increasing the yield of blueberries, and comprehensively improving the economic benefits of blueberry planting under the condition of the same water and fertilizer management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of blueberry seedlings transplanted 7 days after experimental group 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the growth of blueberry seedlings transplanted 60 days after experimental group 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fruiting situation of blueberries in experimental group 1 of the present invention on June 30, 2023;

[0030] Figure 4 The figure is a bar graph of the survival rate of blueberry seedlings transplanted in experimental groups 1-8 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 The bar graph is a graph of the average yield per plant of blueberries in experimental groups 1-8 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a bar graph of the average single fruit weight of blueberries in experimental groups 1-8 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] 1. Raw material processing:

[0036] 1. Preparation of pea vine material:

[0037] 1.1. Preparation of pea vine material A:

[0038] (1) crushing fresh pea vine plants and then soaking them in 5 times the volume of 75% ethanol solution for 3 hours, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain preliminarily treated pea vines;

[0039] (2) Add 5 times the volume of clean water to the above-mentioned preliminarily treated pea vines, cook at 110° C. for 15 min, then dry at 45° C. to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then grind through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pea vine material A.

[0040] 1.2. Preparation of pea vine material B:

[0041] (1) crushing fresh pea vine plants and then soaking them in 5 times the volume of 75% ethanol solution for 3 hours, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain preliminarily treated pea vines;

[0042] (2) The pea vines preliminarily treated above were dried at 45° C. to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then crushed and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pea vine material B.

[0043] 2. Obtaining modified coconut bran:

[0044] Preparation of modified coconut bran:

[0045] (1) crushing coconut bran, adding 8 times the volume of clean water, boiling at 70° C. for 25 minutes to swell, and then filtering to obtain preliminary swollen coconut bran powder;

[0046] (2) The preliminary swollen coconut bran powder is subjected to microwave drying at a power of 300 W until the water content is ≤ 8%, thereby obtaining modified coconut bran.

[0047] 3. Preparation of walnut green peel material:

[0048] 3.1. Preparation of walnut green peel material A:

[0049] (1) Grind the walnut peel and add 4 times of clean water to mix evenly, then inoculate 0.12% of the total weight of the walnut peel with yeast (purchased from Shandong Xinzhuoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a live yeast count of 10 billion / g) and ferment for 5 days, then sterilize at 110° C. for 20-30 minutes to obtain a preliminary fermentation material for use;

[0050] (2) The preliminary fermented material is inoculated with 0.3% of the total mass of walnut peel Lactobacillus plantarum (purchased from Shaanxi Linzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a live bacterial count of 10 billion Lactobacillus plantarum / g) and the fermentation process is continued for 9 hours, then dried at 40° C. to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then crushed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain a walnut peel fermented material.

[0051] 3.2. Preparation of walnut green peel material B:

[0052] (1) Grind the walnut peel and add 4 times of clean water to mix evenly, then inoculate 0.12% of the total weight of the walnut peel with yeast (purchased from Shandong Xinzhuoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a live yeast count of 10 billion / g) and ferment for 5 days to obtain a preliminary fermentation material for use;

[0053] (2) The above preliminary fermentation material is inoculated with 0.3% of the total mass of walnut peel Lactobacillus plantarum (purchased from Shaanxi Linzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a live bacterial count of 10 billion Lactobacillus plantarum / g) and continued to ferment for 9 hours, then dried at 40° C. to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then crushed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain walnut peel material B.

[0054] 3.3. Preparation of walnut green peel material C:

[0055] The walnut green peel is dried at 40°C to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then crushed and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain walnut green peel material C.

[0056] 4. Sawdust: Select pine wood chips and crush them into a particle size of 0.2-1.5 cm to obtain the sawdust for the experiment.

[0057] 5. Manure: Select dried chicken manure as the manure for the experiment.

[0058] 2. Preparation of soilless substrate:

[0059] (1) adding modified coconut husk into 8 times the volume of clean water and stirring evenly, and then adding calcium propionate and mixing to obtain a mixed slurry;

[0060] (2) placing vermiculite in the above mixed slurry and mixing evenly, then increasing the pressure to 3 MPa, stirring at a speed of 1000 r / min for 25 min, and obtaining a pretreated material for standby use;

[0061] (3) The pretreated material is naturally air-dried to a moisture content of 25%±5%, and then maltooligosaccharide and pea vine material are added and mixed until the moisture content is ≤8%, thereby obtaining a mixed material for standby use;

[0062] (4) The above-mentioned mixed materials are mixed with peat, sawdust, walnut peel and manure, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a soilless matrix.

[0063] According to the above preparation method, different pea vine materials and walnut green peel materials are selected according to the mass ratio to configure different soilless substrates, as shown in the following Table 1:

[0064] Table 1

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Comparative Example 1:

[0068] Referring to the formula of the soilless matrix 1 in the above embodiment 1, the soilless matrix is ​​prepared according to the following method:

[0069] Directly mix peat, vermiculite, sawdust, pea vine material, modified coconut bran, walnut green peel material, manure, calcium propionate and maltooligosaccharide to obtain matrix 8.

[0070] Detection:

[0071] The above soilless substrates 1-8 were used for blueberry cultivation experiments:

[0072] Each group of substrates was filled into planting pots to set up different experimental groups, and the settings of the soilless substrates in each experimental group are shown in Table 2 below:

[0073] Table 2

[0074]

[0075] Transplant the same batch of blueberry seedlings with a height of 25-35 cm into each group of planting pots (100 pots per group) on March 15, 2024, irrigate with clean water, and then add 1200 mL of nutrient water and fertilizer (water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 1:1:1 diluted 200 times) to each pot every 30 days;

[0076] 1. Record the survival rate of each group of blueberries at 7d, 30d, and 60d of planting. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0077] Table 3

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] From the above table, it can be seen that the survival rate of blueberries transplanted in experimental group 1-2 is the highest, and in experimental group 3, the substrate is added with pea vine material B that has not been cooked, and its final survival rate is lower than that of experimental group 6 (without pea vine material). This shows that directly adding pea vine material will not only not improve the growth of blueberries, but some substances in it will also reduce the survival rate of blueberry transplanting. The cooked pea vine material can promote the growth and survival of blueberries to a certain extent.

[0081] 2. From June to September 2024, the mature blueberries were harvested, and the yield of each group of blueberries during this period was recorded as of September 25, and the average single fruit weight was calculated (50 fruits were randomly selected and averaged). The specific results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0082] Table 4

[0083] Group Average yield per plant (kg / plant) Average single fruit weight (g) Experimental Group 1 2.82 5.93 Experimental Group 2 2.84 5.91 Experimental Group 3 2.43 5.72 Experimental Group 4 2.65 5.87 Experimental Group 5 2.55 5.85 Experimental Group 6 2.54 5.86 Experimental Group 7 2.42 5.81 Experimental Group 8 2.69 5.73

[0084] From the above tests, it can be seen that the substrates used in experimental groups 1 and 2 can effectively increase the yield of blueberries and improve the economic benefits of planting.

[0085] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soilless substrate for blueberry cultivation, characterized in that: The soilless matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of peat, 10-14 parts of vermiculite, 15-20 parts of sawdust, 4-8 parts of pea vine treated powder, 6-10 parts of modified coconut bran, 4-6 parts of walnut green peel fermented material, 2-4 parts of manure, 0.05-0.07 parts of calcium propionate, and 0.02-0.04 parts of maltooligosaccharide; The preparation method of pea vine treated powder comprises the following steps: S1-1, crushing fresh pea vine plants and placing them in 3-5 times the volume of 75% ethanol solution for immersion for 2-4 hours, and then removing the solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain preliminarily treated pea vines; S1-2, add 3-5 times volume of clean water to the above-mentioned preliminarily treated pea vine, cook at 100-110°C for 15-20min, then dry at 40-50°C to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then grind through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain pea vine treated powder; The preparation method of modified coconut husk comprises the following steps: S2-1, crush the coconut bran, add 5-10 times volume of clean water, cook at 60-80°C for 20-30 minutes, and then filter to obtain preliminary swollen coconut bran powder; S2-2, subjecting the above-mentioned preliminary swollen coconut bran powder to microwave drying at a power of 200-400 W until the water content is ≤8%, thereby obtaining modified coconut bran; The preparation method of walnut green peel fermented material comprises the following steps: S3-1. Crush the walnut peel and add 3-5 times the volume of clean water to mix evenly, then inoculate with yeast and ferment for 4-6 days, then sterilize at 110℃ for 20-30 minutes to obtain the preliminary fermentation material for use; S3-2. Inoculate the above preliminary fermentation material with Lactobacillus plantarum and continue fermentation for 8-10 hours, then dry at 35-45°C to a moisture content of ≤8%, and then grind through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain walnut green peel fermentation material.

2. The soilless substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of yeast added in step S3-1 is 0.1%-0.15% of the total mass of the walnut green peel, and the amount of live yeast is 10 9 -10 10 Pieces / g.

3. The soilless substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of plant lactobacillus added in step S3-2 is 0.2%-0.3%, and the number of viable bacteria of plant lactobacillus is 10 9 -10 10 Pieces / g.

4. The soilless substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the wood chips is 0.2-1.5 cm, and the wood chips are any one or more of pine wood chips or broad-leaved wood chips.

5. A method for preparing a soilless matrix as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. Add modified coconut husk into 5-10 times volume of clean water and stir evenly, then add calcium propionate and mix to obtain a mixed slurry; S2, placing vermiculite in the above mixed slurry and mixing evenly, then increasing the pressure to 2-4MPa, and continuing stirring for 20-30min to obtain the pretreated material for standby use; S3, naturally air-drying the pre-treated material to a moisture content of 25%±5%, then adding maltooligosaccharide and pea vine treated powder and mixing until the moisture content is ≤8%, and obtaining a mixed material for standby use; S4. The above-mentioned mixed materials are mixed with peat, sawdust, fermented walnut peel and manure, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a soilless matrix.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the pressure is increased to 2-4 MPa and the stirring speed is continued at 800-1200 r / min.

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