A fire extinguishing system and method based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fire extinguishing system and method based on a closed energy storage device for ships. The fire extinguishing system includes a smoke collection system, an ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system, a seawater circulation fire extinguishing system, a fuel cell, an energy storage device, and the like. Ammonia utilizes the temperature in a fire to decompose ammonia, and the N2 in the decomposed gas is connected to a pressure device to provide injection pressure and raw materials for the fire extinguishing system; the H2 in the decomposed gas is powered by a fuel cell, and the unconsumed electricity is stored in the energy storage device; the CO in the smoke enters a catalytic reactor, and the smoke and CO2 in the catalytic reactor enter the fire extinguishing system as raw materials for fire extinguishing; seawater enters a solid-liquid separation device for separation, and the separated sodium chloride is used as raw material for a dry powder fire extinguisher; the separated water is passed into an insulating and cooling water curtain. The present invention can ensure effective fire extinguishing when a fire occurs while achieving zero carbon emissions of fire pollutants, efficiently utilizing nitrogen oxides produced by ammonia, and realizing energy recycling and sustainable development of resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing system and method based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship, belonging to the technical field of fire extinguishing systems. Background Art

[0002] Ammonia, like LNG, is a liquefied gas fuel. It is a carbon-free molecule, so no carbon dioxide is emitted during combustion. Ammonia also contains no carbon and sulfur compounds, which prevents the formation of soot and SO. x Therefore, ammonia has been proposed as a cleaner industrial fuel, including applications in power generation and shipping, provided that the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO2) produced during the combustion process are removed. In addition, ammonia has many important applications. First, it is an important raw material for the production of fertilizers, as ammonia can react with carbon dioxide to produce nitrogen fertilizers such as urea. In addition, ammonia is widely used in freezing and refrigeration in industrial processes. Due to its good thermal conductivity and low-temperature evaporation properties, ammonia is used as a coolant and refrigerant. In addition to the above applications, ammonia is also used in the synthesis of certain chemical products, such as intermediates for synthetic fibers and dyes. In addition, ammonia is used as a cleaning agent and deodorant, and is used in certain welding and metal surface treatment processes.

[0003] Fires not only cause economic losses but also wreak havoc on energy supply systems. Fires can easily cause power line short circuits and equipment burns, leading to power outages. Once a fire breaks out, it can damage transformers, transmission lines, and power generation equipment, causing widespread power outages and immeasurable economic losses to the power supply system and users. Fires can also damage water sources and water treatment equipment, disrupting the water supply. Firefighting operations at the scene require large quantities of water, which can lead to water shortages in nearby areas. If supply is not restored for a long time, it can cause serious problems for people and their livelihoods. The high temperatures, smoke, and water used in firefighting can all damage energy equipment. Electrical equipment, oil and gas pipelines, and other equipment can be burned, corroded, or even completely destroyed, disrupting the supply system. This not only requires expensive repairs and replacements but can also result in the loss of life for those caught in the fire. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing system and method based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A fire extinguishing system based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship, comprising:

[0007] A flue gas collection system, including a filter for separating flue gas, a catalytic reactor for collecting CO in the flue gas to react with N2 and CO2, and a fire extinguishing device for collecting CO2 in the flue gas and the CO2 obtained from the reaction of the catalytic reactor and using it as a fire extinguishing material;

[0008] An ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system includes a gas storage tank connected to the ammonia gas, a gas decomposition furnace for decomposing the ammonia gas in the gas storage tank into H2, NO, and N2, a gas separator for separating the gas generated by the gas decomposition furnace, and a pressure vessel for collecting N2 generated by the catalytic reactor and N2 separated by the gas separator and using them as raw materials for the fire extinguishing device while also providing pressure.

[0009] Seawater circulation fire extinguishing system, including a solid-liquid separation device for separating seawater into sodium chloride and water, a dry powder fire extinguisher for using sodium chloride as a fire extinguishing material, and an insulating and cooling water curtain for using water for thermal insulation and cooling;

[0010] A fuel cell for using the H2 separated by the gas separator to power electricity;

[0011] An energy storage device used to store electricity not consumed by fuel cells and use it to supply power.

[0012] Preferably, the CO2 separated by the filter is connected to the fire extinguishing device through a mass flow meter; the outlet end of the catalytic reactor is also provided with a mass flow meter.

[0013] Preferably, the NO separated by the gas separator is connected to a catalytic reactor for reacting CO to generate N2 and CO2.

[0014] Preferably, the ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system further comprises a nitrogen generator for purifying N2 obtained from the reaction in the catalytic reactor and N2 separated by the gas separator.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure device is a positive displacement compressor, a reciprocating compressor or a centrifugal compressor.

[0016] Preferably, the seawater circulation fire extinguishing system further comprises a sodium chloride storage tank for storing sodium chloride, and the sodium chloride storage tank is connected to the dry powder fire extinguisher.

[0017] Preferably, the seawater circulation fire extinguishing system further comprises an energy storage tank for storing water, and the energy storage tank is connected to the heat-insulating cooling water curtain.

[0018] Preferably, the power supply for the pressure vessel, thermal insulation and cooling water curtain, dry powder fire extinguisher and fire extinguishing device is provided by an energy storage device.

[0019] Preferably, the fire extinguishing system is a total flooding fire extinguishing system or a local application fire extinguishing system.

[0020] The present invention also provides a fire extinguishing method based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship. The fire extinguishing system based on the energy storage device in a confined space of a ship is used. Ammonia is first stored in a gas storage tank. The ammonia is decomposed by a gas decomposition furnace using the temperature of the fire. The decomposed gas is separated by a gas separator. The N2 separated by the gas separator is connected to a pressure device to provide injection pressure and raw materials for the fire extinguishing device, which is used to extinguish the fire in the energy storage device in the confined space. The H2 separated by the gas separator is powered by a fuel cell, and the unconsumed electricity is ultimately stored in the energy storage device.

[0021] The flue gas is filtered through a filter, and the CO obtained by filtration enters a catalytic reactor to generate N2 and CO2. The CO2 obtained by filtration and the CO2 generated by the catalytic reactor both enter the fire extinguishing device as raw materials for fire extinguishing;

[0022] The seawater enters the solid-liquid separation device for separation. The separated sodium chloride is used as the raw material of dry powder fire extinguishers to extinguish conventional fires; the separated water is passed into the thermal insulation and cooling water curtain.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The fire extinguishing system of the present invention has two functions. On the one hand, it can fully utilize the effect of seawater to achieve conventional fire extinguishing; on the other hand, it can effectively extinguish fires in energy storage devices in confined spaces by utilizing the inert gas fire extinguishing system.

[0025] 2. The fire extinguishing system of the present invention transforms unfavorable factors in a fire into favorable factors. For example, the high temperature generated by the fire helps decompose ammonia, and N2 can be used as a fire extinguishing raw material. It can also increase the pressure and accelerate the injection of the fire extinguishing system. The greenhouse gas CO2 can be processed and used as a fire extinguishing raw material in the energy system. The combustible gas CO can be decomposed with ammonia to produce nitrogen oxides to produce CO2 and N2 for recycling.

[0026] 3. Seawater fire extinguishing technology, on the one hand, uses the water in seawater as a heat-insulating and cooling water curtain, and on the other hand, the separated sodium chloride can be used as the raw material of dry powder fire extinguishers.

[0027] 4. The combination of ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system, smoke collection system and seawater circulation fire extinguishing system achieves efficient fire extinguishing in confined spaces and full utilization of marine resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fire extinguishing system based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To make the present invention more clearly understood, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing system based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship, which includes an ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system, a smoke collection system, a seawater circulation fire extinguishing system, a fuel cell 15, and an energy storage device 16 for storing the unconsumed electricity of the fuel cell 15 and using it for power supply.

[0032] The flue gas collection system includes a filter 1 for separating flue gas. The CO2 separated by the filter 1 is connected to the fire extinguishing device 13 through a mass flow meter 8. The CO separated by the filter 1 enters the catalytic reactor 9 to react to generate N2 and CO2. The catalytic reactor 9 reacts to obtain N2 and CO2. The outlet end of the catalytic reactor 9 is connected to a mass flow meter 8. The N2 is passed into the nitrogen generator 11 for purification, and the CO2 is used as the fire extinguishing raw material in the fire extinguishing device 13.

[0033] The ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system includes a gas storage tank 2 connected to the ammonia gas, a gas decomposition furnace 5 for decomposing the ammonia in the gas storage tank 2 into H2, NO, and N2, and a gas separator 10 for separating the gases produced by the gas decomposition furnace 5. The N2 separated by the gas separator 10 reacts with the N2 produced by the catalytic reactor 9, which is purified by a nitrogen generator 11, passed through a mass flowmeter 8, and then introduced into a pressure vessel 14. At the outlet of the pressure vessel 14, the pressure vessel 14 uses the N2 as a feedstock for the fire extinguishing device 13 while also providing pressure for the device. The NO separated by the gas separator 10 is connected to the catalytic reactor 9, where it reacts with CO to produce N2 and CO2. The H2 separated by the gas separator 10 enters a fuel cell 15 to power it. The pressure vessel 14 can be a positive displacement compressor, a reciprocating compressor, or a centrifugal compressor.

[0034] The seawater circulating fire extinguishing system includes a solid-liquid separation device 3 for separating seawater into sodium chloride and water. The separated sodium chloride enters a sodium chloride storage tank 6 for storage, while the separated water enters an energy storage tank 4 for storage. The sodium chloride storage tank 6 is connected to a dry powder fire extinguisher 12, which uses sodium chloride as a fire extinguishing agent. The energy storage tank 4 is connected to an insulating and cooling water curtain 7 for thermal insulation and cooling.

[0035] The power supply for the pressure vessel 14, the heat-insulating cooling water curtain 7, the dry powder fire extinguisher 12, and the fire extinguishing system 13 is provided by the energy storage device 16. Preferably, the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 and the fire extinguishing system 13 can be placed in the energy storage device 16, serving and relying on the energy storage device 16. The energy storage device provides energy for the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 and the fire extinguishing system 13. At the same time, when a fire occurs in the energy storage device 16, the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 and the fire extinguishing system 13 can act on the energy storage device 16.

[0036] The above fire extinguishing system is a total flooding fire extinguishing system or a local application fire extinguishing system.

[0037] This fire extinguishing method, based on an energy storage device within a confined space on a ship, begins by storing NH3 in a gas tank 2. A gas decomposition furnace 5 utilizes the high temperatures of a fire to decompose the NH3, producing gases such as H2, N2, and NO. These gases are then separated by a gas separator 10. The N2 is purified by a nitrogen generator 11 and fed into a mass flowmeter 8 to control its flow rate. A pressure transmitter 14 is then connected to a fire extinguishing device 13, providing injection pressure and feedstock for extinguishing the energy storage device within the confined space. The pressure transmitter 14 is powered by an energy storage device 16. Flue gas is filtered through a filter 1, producing gases such as CO and CO2. The CO enters a catalytic reactor 9, generating N2 and CO2. The N2 enters a nitrogen generator 11. The filtered CO2 and the CO2 generated by the catalytic reaction both enter the fire extinguishing device 13 as feedstock for extinguishing the fire. The H2 separated by the gas separator 10 is powered by a fuel cell 15, and any unconsumed electricity is ultimately stored in an energy storage device 16 for use throughout the ship. Seawater enters the solid-liquid separation device 3 to separate sodium chloride and water. Sodium chloride is used as the raw material of the dry powder fire extinguisher 12 to extinguish conventional fires. Water enters the energy storage water tank 4 and then passes into the thermal insulation and cooling water curtain 7. The power supply of the thermal insulation and cooling water curtain 7 is supplied by the energy storage device 16.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing system based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship, characterized in that: include: A flue gas collection system comprising a filter (1) for separating flue gas, a catalytic reactor (9) for collecting CO in the flue gas for reaction to generate N2 and CO2, and a fire extinguishing device (13) for collecting CO2 in the flue gas and CO2 obtained by the reaction of the catalytic reactor (9) and using the collected CO2 as a fire extinguishing material; An ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system comprises a gas storage tank (2) connected to the ammonia gas, a gas decomposition furnace (5) for decomposing the ammonia gas in the gas storage tank (2) into H2, NO, and N2, a gas separator (10) for separating the gas generated by the gas decomposition furnace (5), and a pressure device (14) for collecting N2 generated by the reaction in the catalytic reactor (9) and N2 separated by the gas separator (10) and using them as raw materials for the fire extinguishing device (13) while providing pressure. The NO separated by the gas separator (10) is connected to the catalytic reactor (9) for reacting CO to generate N2 and CO2; A seawater circulation fire extinguishing system, comprising a solid-liquid separation device (3) for separating seawater into sodium chloride and water, a dry powder fire extinguisher (12) for using sodium chloride as a fire extinguishing material, and a heat-insulating cooling water curtain (7) for using water for heat insulation and cooling; A fuel cell (15) for using the H2 separated by the gas separator (10) for power supply; An energy storage device (16) for storing electricity not consumed by the fuel cell (15) and using it for power supply.

2. The fire extinguishing system based on the energy storage device in the confined space of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CO2 separated by the filter (1) is connected to the fire extinguishing device (13) through a mass flow meter (8); the outlet end of the catalytic reactor (9) is also provided with a mass flow meter (8).

3. The fire extinguishing system based on the energy storage device in the confined space of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition fire extinguishing system further comprises a nitrogen generator (11) for purifying N2 generated by the reaction in the catalytic reactor (9) and N2 separated by the gas separator (10).

4. The fire extinguishing system based on the energy storage device in the confined space of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure device (14) is a positive displacement compressor, a reciprocating compressor or a centrifugal compressor.

5. The fire extinguishing system based on the energy storage device in the confined space of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seawater circulation fire extinguishing system further comprises a sodium chloride storage tank (6) for storing sodium chloride, and the sodium chloride storage tank (6) is connected to the dry powder fire extinguisher (12).

6. The fire extinguishing system based on the energy storage device in the confined space of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seawater circulation fire extinguishing system further comprises an energy storage water tank (4) for storing water, and the energy storage water tank (4) is in communication with the heat-insulating cooling water curtain (7).

7. The fire extinguishing system based on the energy storage device in the confined space of a ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply for the pressure device (14), the heat-insulating cooling water curtain (7), the dry powder fire extinguisher (12), and the fire extinguishing device (13) is provided by the energy storage device (16).

8. The fire extinguishing system based on the energy storage device in the confined space of a ship according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing system is a total flooding fire extinguishing system or a local application fire extinguishing system.

9. A fire extinguishing method based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship, characterized in that: A fire extinguishing system based on an energy storage device in a confined space of a ship as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, wherein ammonia is first stored in a gas storage tank (2), and the ammonia is decomposed by a gas decomposition furnace (5) using the temperature in the fire, and the decomposed gas is separated by a gas separator (10); N2 separated by the gas separator (10) is connected to a pressure device (14) to provide injection pressure and raw materials for a fire extinguishing device (13) for extinguishing a fire in an energy storage device (16) in a confined space of the fire; H2 separated by the gas separator (10) is powered by a fuel cell (15), and the unconsumed electricity is finally stored in the energy storage device (16); The flue gas is filtered through a filter (1), and the CO obtained by filtration enters a catalytic reactor (9) to generate N2 and CO2. The CO2 obtained by filtration and the CO2 generated by the catalytic reactor (9) both enter a fire extinguishing device (13) as raw materials for extinguishing the fire; The seawater enters the solid-liquid separation device (3) for separation, and the separated sodium chloride is used as the raw material of the dry powder fire extinguisher (12) for extinguishing conventional fires; the separated water is passed into the heat-insulating cooling water curtain (7).

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