Variable-rigidity flexible icebreaking structure, pantograph assembly and electric locomotive

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-stiffness flexible icebreaking structure which comprises an extrusion icebreaking sleeve which is a magneto-rheological elastomer part and suitable for being arranged on a cable in a sleeving mode, the extrusion icebreaking sleeve is provided with a magnet exciting coil, and the magnet exciting coil is suitable for being electrically connected with the cable; the first sealing end cover and the second sealing end cover are arranged at the two axial ends of the extrusion icebreaking sleeve correspondingly to block openings in the two ends of the extrusion icebreaking sleeve, and the extrusion icebreaking sleeve, the first sealing end cover and the second sealing end cover jointly define an extrusion cavity; the first sealing end cover is provided with a first through hole through which a cable can pass, and the second sealing end cover is provided with a second through hole through which the cable can pass; and the magnetorheological fluid layer is positioned in the extrusion cavity and is clamped between the extrusion icebreaking sleeve and the cable in a sleeving manner. According to the variable-rigidity flexible icebreaking structure, damage to a contact power grid can be effectively avoided, and meanwhile the icebreaking efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pantographs, and in particular to a variable-rigidity flexible ice-breaking structure, a pantograph assembly having the variable-rigidity flexible ice-breaking structure, and an electric locomotive having the pantograph assembly. Background Art

[0002] The pantograph is a device installed on the roof of a locomotive or train that uses electric traction locomotives (such as high-speed locomotives) to obtain electrical energy from the contact grid. In severe weather conditions such as freezing rain in winter, the surface of the contact grid is prone to ice, which can prevent the pantograph from making good contact with the contact grid and even damage the pantograph structure, thus affecting the normal operation of the high-speed locomotive.

[0003] At present, there are three main methods commonly used to solve the problem of pantograph icing, namely mechanical de-icing, thermal de-icing and laser de-icing. Mechanical de-icing refers to maintenance personnel using de-icing tools such as hammers and sledgehammers to remove ice. This method has low de-icing efficiency and is prone to ice damage to power lines because it is difficult for maintenance personnel to control their strength. The thermal de-icing method is to pass direct current or alternating current into the pantograph power circuit to generate Joule heat in the pantograph, thereby melting and falling off the ice on the surface of the contact power grid. The safety performance of this method needs to be tested. The laser de-icing method uses the characteristics of high energy and high power of lasers. When the laser is irradiated to the ice, the ice will be heated and melted, thereby achieving the purpose of removing the ice. However, due to the high energy of the laser, it is easy to "burn" the pantograph or maintenance personnel, resulting in poor safety.

[0004] Chinese patent CN210437041U proposes a high-speed railway pantograph deicing device based on a cam structure, which uses a double cam structure to penetrate the contact grid to break the surface ice layer, but the cam structure cannot effectively absorb the vibration force generated during the ice crushing process and cannot completely clear the ice. Chinese patent CN208149087U discloses a high-speed railway pantograph deicing device based on a telescopic unit, which extends or retracts the device according to a control signal and hits the ice on the grid surface when extending. The implementation of this solution is very likely to cause vibration and damage to the grid line. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one purpose of the present invention is to propose a variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure, which uses a variable stiffness flexible friction ice-breaking method to break ice on the cable line of the contact power grid, which can effectively avoid damage to the contact power grid and has high ice-breaking efficiency.

[0006] The present invention also proposes a pantograph assembly having the above-mentioned variable-rigidity flexible icebreaking structure.

[0007] The present invention also provides an electric locomotive having the pantograph assembly.

[0008] According to the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure of the first aspect of the present invention, the embodiment includes: an extruded ice-breaking sleeve, which is a magnetorheological elastomer, suitable for being sheathed on a cable, an excitation coil is provided on the extruded ice-breaking sleeve, and the excitation coil is suitable for being electrically connected to the cable; a first sealing end cover and a second sealing end cover, the first sealing end cover and the second sealing end cover are respectively arranged at the axial ends of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve to seal the open openings at both ends of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve, the extruded ice-breaking sleeve, the first sealing end cover and the second sealing end cover jointly define an extrusion cavity, the first sealing end cover is provided with a first through-hole suitable for the cable to pass through, and the second sealing end cover is provided with a second through-hole suitable for the cable to pass through; a magnetorheological fluid layer, the magnetorheological fluid layer is located in the extrusion cavity and is sandwiched between the extruded ice-breaking sleeve and the cable.

[0009] According to the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure of the embodiment of the present invention, the variable stiffness flexible friction ice-breaking method is used to break the ice on the cable line of the contact power grid, which can effectively avoid damage to the contact power grid and has high ice-breaking efficiency.

[0010] In addition, the variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure according to the embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve facing the magnetorheological fluid layer is curved.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the excitation coil comprises a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of excitation coils are evenly spaced and distributed along the axial direction of the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure also includes a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet, both of which are located in the extrusion cavity and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable, the first permanent magnet is clamped between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the first sealing end cover, and the second permanent magnet is clamped between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the second sealing end cover.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first positioning groove is provided on the side of the first sealing end cover facing the magnetorheological fluid layer, and the first permanent magnet is accommodated in the first positioning groove; and a second positioning groove is provided on the side of the second sealing end cover facing the magnetorheological fluid layer, and the second permanent magnet is accommodated in the second positioning groove.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure also includes a first skeleton oil seal and a second skeleton oil seal, both of which are located in the extrusion cavity and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable, the first skeleton oil seal is clamped between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the first sealing end cover, and the second skeleton oil seal is clamped between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the second sealing end cover.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure also includes a first skeleton oil seal and a second skeleton oil seal, both of which are located in the extrusion cavity and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable, the first skeleton oil seal is clamped between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the first permanent magnet, and the second skeleton oil seal is clamped between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the second permanent magnet.

[0017] The pantograph assembly according to the second embodiment of the present invention comprises a pantograph; and the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure is connected to the pantograph.

[0018] The pantograph assembly according to the embodiment of this aspect is provided with a variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, so that the pantograph assembly has all the advantages of the variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure of the first embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0019] Optionally, the variable-rigidity flexible ice-breaking structures include two, and the two variable-rigidity flexible ice-breaking structures are respectively connected to opposite sides of the pantograph.

[0020] An electric locomotive according to an embodiment of a third aspect of the present invention comprises a locomotive body; and a pantograph assembly according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the pantograph assembly is disposed on the top of the locomotive body and is suitable for contacting the cable.

[0021] The electric locomotive according to the embodiment of the present invention has all the advantages of the pantograph assembly according to the second embodiment of the present invention by providing the pantograph assembly. The advantages will not be described in detail here.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0024] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a pantograph assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 4 is a cross-sectional view of a variable-rigidity flexible icebreaking structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Reference numerals:

[0027] Variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100; extrusion chamber 101;

[0028] Extrusion ice breaking sleeve 10; Excitation coil groove 11;

[0029] First sealing end cover 20; first through hole 21; first positioning groove 22;

[0030] A second sealing end cover 30; a second through hole 31; a second positioning groove 32;

[0031] Magnetorheological fluid layer 40; excitation coil 50; first permanent magnet 60; second permanent magnet 70;

[0032] A first skeleton oil seal 80; a second skeleton oil seal 90;

[0033] Pantograph assembly 200; Pantograph 201;

[0034] Cable 300. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0036] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 2 A variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described. It should be noted that the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 of the present application is suitable for being connected to a pantograph 201, and is used to break ice on the cable line 300 of the contact grid from which the pantograph 201 draws power. The pantograph 201 is used to achieve an electrical connection between the electric locomotive and the contact grid. Specifically, the pantograph 201 is disposed on the top of the locomotive body and is suitable for contacting the cable line 300, thereby achieving an electrical connection between the electric locomotive and the contact grid. The electric locomotive is an electric traction locomotive. In the present application, the electric locomotive is illustrated by taking a high-speed rail locomotive as an example, but it can be understood that the present application is not limited to this, and the electric locomotive can also be a motor vehicle, etc.

[0037] refer to Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: an extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 , a first sealing end cover 20 , a second sealing end cover 30 and a magnetorheological fluid layer 40 .

[0038] The extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 is a magnetorheological elastomer, that is, the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 is made of a magnetorheological elastomer material. The extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 is suitable for being sheathed on a cable line 300 contacting a power grid, and an excitation coil 50 is provided on the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10. The excitation coil 50 is suitable for being electrically connected to the cable line 300, for example, the excitation coil 50 is in direct contact with the cable line 300. The excitation coil 50 is electrically connected to the cable line 300, so that the excitation coil 50 can be self-powered when the high-speed rail is running at high speed, thereby generating a spatial magnetic field.

[0039] The first sealing end cap 20 and the second sealing end cap 30 are respectively arranged at the axial ends of the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10 to block the open openings at both ends of the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10. The extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10, the first sealing end cap 20 and the second sealing end cap 30 jointly define an extrusion cavity 101. The first sealing end cap 20 is provided with a first through hole 21 suitable for the cable 300 to pass through, and the second sealing end cap 30 is provided with a second through hole 31 suitable for the cable 300 to pass through. The magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is located in the extrusion cavity 101 and is sandwiched between the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10 and the cable 300. That is, the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is located between the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10 and the cable 300, the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is outermost on the outer side of the cable 300 and innermost on the inner side of the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10, and the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 fills the gap between the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10 and the cable 300.

[0040] When the contact grid from which the pantograph 201 draws power is affected by extreme weather and the cable 300 is iced on its surface, the excitation coil 50 can realize self-powering under the high-speed operation of the high-speed rail through the contact grid to generate a spatial magnetic field, and can control the state of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 and the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 in real time by controlling the magnitude of the current of the excitation coil 50. Specifically, according to the strength of the ice layer on the surface of the contact grid, a spatial magnetic field of adaptive strength is generated by controlling the magnitude of the current of the excitation coil 50, and the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 is controlled to deform while changing the stiffness of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 itself, and then the ice layer on the surface of the cable 300 is elastically deformed by extruding the variable-stiffness magnetorheological fluid layer 40 to perform variable-stiffness flexible ice breaking.

[0041] The variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 relies on the extrusion force generated by the deformation of the magnetorheological elastomer (extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10) under the influence of the external space magnetic field to extrude the variable stiffness magnetorheological fluid layer 40, thereby frictionally breaking the ice layer on the surface of the contact power grid; at the same time, in this process, the friction of the variable stiffness magnetorheological fluid layer 40 generates a large amount of slip heat, which can thermally melt the residual ice debris to achieve ice clearing.

[0042] As can be seen from the above, the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention can effectively reduce the friction damage to the surface of the contact power grid by using the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 with freely adjustable stiffness as the friction medium, and can improve the ice-breaking efficiency by real-time adjustment of the stiffness of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 and the magnetorheological fluid layer 40. In addition, the large amount of slip heat generated by the friction of the variable stiffness magnetorheological fluid layer 40 can melt the residual ice debris and thus achieve ice clearing.

[0043] For further information, see Figure 1-Figure 2 The extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 is formed into a long cylindrical structure, which can effectively reduce the shaking problem of the cable line 300 contacting the power grid during the ice-breaking process and reduce its own damage.

[0044] For further information, see Figure 1-Figure 2 The pantograph assembly 200 includes a pantograph 201 and two variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structures 100, and the two variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structures 100 are respectively connected to the opposite sides of the pantograph 201 along the length direction of the cable 300, thereby realizing two-way linkage ice-breaking, and the ice-breaking effect is good. Of course, the present application is not limited to this, and the pantograph assembly 200 can also include only the pantograph 201 and the above-mentioned variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 2 , the surface of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 facing the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is curved, that is, the surface of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 in contact with the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is formed into a curved surface. Optionally, the surface of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 in contact with the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is formed into a wavy surface. Thus, the contact area between the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10 and the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 can be effectively increased, a larger extrusion force can be transmitted, and the ice-breaking efficiency can be increased.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 2 The excitation coil 50 includes a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of excitation coils 50 are evenly spaced and distributed along the axial direction of the extruded ice-breaking sleeve 10. Figure 2 The extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10 is provided with multiple groups of evenly distributed excitation coil grooves 11, and multiple groups of excitation coils 50 are accommodated in the multiple groups of excitation coil grooves 11 in a one-to-one correspondence. Multiple groups of excitation coils 50 can realize group-by-group independent control, and multiple groups of excitation coils 50 can work synchronously or in groups. When multiple groups of excitation coils 50 work synchronously, the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10 and the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 can be uniformly controlled, so that regional uniform ice-breaking can be achieved; when multiple groups of excitation coils 50 work in groups, the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve 10 and the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 can be centrally controlled, so that regional centralized and efficient ice-breaking can be achieved.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 2 The variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 includes a first permanent magnet 60, a second permanent magnet 70, a first skeleton oil seal 80, and a second skeleton oil seal 90. The first permanent magnet 60 and the second permanent magnet 70 are both located in the extrusion cavity 101 and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable 300. The first permanent magnet 60 is sandwiched between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 and the first sealing end cover 20, and the second permanent magnet 70 is sandwiched between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 and the second sealing end cover 30. The first skeleton oil seal 80 and the second skeleton oil seal 90 are both located in the extrusion cavity 101 and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable 300. The first skeleton oil seal 80 is sandwiched between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 and the first permanent magnet 60, and the second skeleton oil seal 90 is sandwiched between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 and the second permanent magnet 70.

[0048] In the above embodiment, the two ends of the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 can realize double sealing of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40: first, under the influence of the external magnetic field formed by the first permanent magnet 60 and the second permanent magnet 70, the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is transformed from liquid to solid to form a self-seal, that is, the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 are self-sealed; second, the rotating seal formed by the first skeleton oil seal 80 and the second skeleton oil seal 90 can ensure that the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is sealed in the extrusion cavity 101. Through the above double sealing, it can be ensured that the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 can be stably and reliably sealed in the extrusion cavity 101 without leakage. In addition, the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 is composed of magnetorheological fluid, which is a green and environmentally friendly material and is non-toxic and pollution-free.

[0049] Optionally, see Figure 2 The first sealing end cover 20 is provided with a first positioning groove 22 on one side facing the magnetorheological fluid layer 40, and the first permanent magnet 60 is accommodated in the first positioning groove 22. The second sealing end cover 30 is provided with a second positioning groove 32 on one side facing the magnetorheological fluid layer 40, and the second permanent magnet 70 is accommodated in the second positioning groove 32. In this way, not only can the first permanent magnet 60 and the second permanent magnet 70 be stably positioned in the extrusion cavity 101 without movement, but also the internal space of the extrusion cavity 101 can be saved, and the volume of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 can be ensured.

[0050] Of course, the present application is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 may not include the first permanent magnet 60 and the second permanent magnet 70, but only include the first skeleton oil seal 80 and the second skeleton oil seal 90. Specifically, the first skeleton oil seal 80 and the second skeleton oil seal 90 are both located in the extrusion cavity 101 and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable 300. The first skeleton oil seal 80 is sandwiched between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 and the first sealing end cover 20, and the second skeleton oil seal 90 is sandwiched between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer 40 and the second sealing end cover 30. Or in some other embodiments, the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure 100 may not include the first skeleton oil seal 80 and the second skeleton oil seal 90, but only include the first permanent magnet 60 and the second permanent magnet 70.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0053] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0054] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure, characterized in that: include: An extruded ice-breaking sleeve, which is a magnetorheological elastic member, is suitable for being sheathed on a cable, and is provided with an excitation coil, which is suitable for being electrically connected to the cable; A first sealing end cover and a second sealing end cover, wherein the first sealing end cover and the second sealing end cover are respectively arranged at the axial ends of the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve to seal the open openings at the two ends of the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve, the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve, the first sealing end cover and the second sealing end cover jointly define an extrusion cavity, the first sealing end cover is provided with a first through hole suitable for the cable to pass through, and the second sealing end cover is provided with a second through hole suitable for the cable to pass through; A magnetorheological fluid layer is located in the extrusion cavity and is sandwiched between the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve and the cable.

2. The variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface of the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve facing the magnetorheological fluid layer is curved.

3. The variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation coils include multiple groups, and the multiple groups of excitation coils are evenly spaced and distributed along the axial direction of the extrusion ice-breaking sleeve.

4. The variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet, both of which are located in the extrusion cavity and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable, the first permanent magnet is clamped between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the first sealing end cover, and the second permanent magnet is clamped between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the second sealing end cover.

5. The variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first positioning groove is provided on the side of the first sealing end cover facing the magnetorheological fluid layer, and the first permanent magnet is accommodated in the first positioning groove. A second positioning groove is provided on the side of the second sealing end cover facing the magnetorheological fluid layer, and the second permanent magnet is accommodated in the second positioning groove.

6. The variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first skeleton oil seal and a second skeleton oil seal, both of which are located in the extrusion cavity and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable, the first skeleton oil seal is clamped between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the first sealing end cover, and the second skeleton oil seal is clamped between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the second sealing end cover.

7. The variable stiffness flexible icebreaking structure according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: It also includes a first skeleton oil seal and a second skeleton oil seal, both of which are located in the extrusion cavity and are suitable for being sheathed on the cable, the first skeleton oil seal is clamped between one axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the first permanent magnet, and the second skeleton oil seal is clamped between the other axial end of the magnetorheological fluid layer and the second permanent magnet.

8. A pantograph assembly, characterized in that: include: Pantograph; According to any one of claims 1 to 7, the variable stiffness flexible ice-breaking structure is connected to the pantograph.

9. The pantograph assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The variable-rigidity flexible ice-breaking structures include two variable-rigidity flexible ice-breaking structures, which are respectively connected to opposite sides of the pantograph.

10. An electric locomotive, characterized in that: include: Locomotive body; According to the pantograph assembly of claim 8 or 9, the pantograph assembly is arranged on the top of the locomotive body and is suitable for contacting the cable.

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