Formula fermented fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a fermented fertilizer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The fermentation liquor and the fermentation base fertilizer are used as raw materials to prepare the formula fermentation fertilizer, and when the formula fermentation fertilizer is used for aquaculture fertilizer water and bottom changing, the content of rapidly available potassium and rapidly available phosphorus in soil can be increased, the content of organic matter in a water body can be reduced, growth of phytoplankton is facilitated, and then the water body fertilizer degree in the culture period is kept; in addition, the flooding period of cladocerans can be delayed, outbreak of the cladocerans is inhibited, so that the cladocerans can be used as biological bait for the freshwater shrimps and shrimp seeds in a proper time period, and the feed cost is reduced. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the multiple advantages of being environment-friendly, pollution-free and capable of effectively improving the water body fertility and inhibiting water body eutrophication, and a new thought is provided for aquaculture ecologicalization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a formula fermented fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizing water is an important part of the aquaculture process. Fertilizing water can promote the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the pond and maintain the fertility of the water body. The fertility of the water body can provide some food sources for crops in the pond, thereby reducing feed costs. At present, there are two types of fertilizers used for fertilizing water: chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers have a fast effect but are not long-lasting. They are easily lost after being dissolved in water. In addition, after using chemical fertilizers, it is easy to promote the growth of aquatic plants in March and April, making the water body thinner, improving transparency, and moss growing. Organic fertilizers have a slow effect but last for a long time. They can promote the growth of phytoplankton, maintain the fertility of the water body, and promote the growth of aquatic plants. Organic fertilizers are the best choice for aquaculture.

[0003] However, organic fertilizers are prone to insufficient fermentation, crude and immature production technology, and the presence of antibiotics, insect eggs, pathogens, and excessive heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure. Using organic fertilizers to fertilize water can easily lead to the decomposition of organic matter in organic fertilizers after entering the water. The decomposition process consumes dissolved oxygen in the water, causing water hypoxia. In addition, phytoplankton and zooplankton are easily produced after fertilizing the water. Although phytoplankton and zooplankton can be used as feed for farmed animals, when the rate at which farmed animals eat zooplankton is lower than the rate at which zooplankton reproduces, zooplankton overgrowth is likely to occur, which in turn increases oxygen consumption in the water, and even requires the use of drugs to kill zooplankton.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a green, environmentally friendly and pollution-free formula fermented fertilizer that can be used for aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement, and can maintain the fertility of the water body and avoid the excessive reproduction of zooplankton after being used for fertilization and bottom improvement has become a problem that needs to be urgently solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a formula fermented fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, which is green, environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and can both maintain the fertility of the water body and prevent the over-rapid reproduction of zooplankton.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, the following technical solutions are proposed:

[0007] A formula fermented fertilizer, comprising fermented liquid and fermented base fertilizer;

[0008] The volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer is 28-39:100;

[0009] The fermentation liquid includes mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water; the fermentation base fertilizer includes biochar, straw, quicklime and feces.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water is 1-5:10-20:90-110.

[0011] Preferably, the mixed bacteria include 25% to 30% by volume of yeast, 45% to 55% by volume of Bacillus, and 15% to 25% by volume of actinomycetes.

[0012] Preferably, the live bacterial concentrations of the yeast, bacillus and actinomycetes are 9-11 billion / mL respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the mass ratio of the biochar, straw, quicklime and feces is 1:2-3:1:5-6.

[0014] Preferably, the feces include mixed feces, and the mixed feces include pig manure and chicken manure; the mass ratio of the pig manure to the chicken manure is 60-70:30-40.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned formula fermented fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0016] The fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer are mixed in a volume ratio of 25 to 33:100 to obtain an effective fertilizer;

[0017] performing a first fermentation on the effect fertilizer to obtain a fermented effect fertilizer;

[0018] performing a second fermentation on the fermentation effect fertilizer to obtain a second fermentation effect fertilizer;

[0019] The water content of the second fermentation effect fertilizer is adjusted to 52% to 58% to obtain the formula fermentation fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, the first fermentation is carried out at 45-55° C. in the dark for 7-10 days;

[0021] The second fermentation comprises the following steps: after the first fermentation is completed, adding a fermentation liquid to the fermentation effect fertilizer once, adding a fermentation liquid to the fermentation effect fertilizer once every 7 days, and continuing the fermentation for 14 to 21 days;

[0022] In the second fermentation process, the fermentation liquid is added at a volume ratio of 1.5 to 2:100 of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer in the fermentation effect fertilizer;

[0023] During the second fermentation process, the compost thickness of the fermentation effect fertilizer is controlled at 25-35 cm, and the temperature is controlled at 35-42° C.

[0024] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned formula fermented fertilizer or the formula fermented fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for fertilizing water and improving the bottom of an aquaculture, characterized in that the method is carried out using the formula fermented fertilizer or the formula fermented fertilizer prepared by the preparation method as described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0026] 6-7 days before stocking, the water depth in the aquaculture pond is maintained at 25-30 cm, and the formulated fermented fertilizer is sprinkled and applied to fertilize the water; the dosage of the formulated fermented fertilizer is 25-30 kg / 667 m 2 ;

[0027] After applying the formula fermentation fertilizer, apply the formula fermentation fertilizer once every 20 to 25 days for 4 to 5 times in succession. The amount of the formula fermentation fertilizer applied each time is 10 to 15 kg / 667 m 2 , to achieve water fertilization and bottom improvement in aquaculture.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] The formula fermented fertilizer for aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement of the present invention is prepared by mixing fermentation liquid and fermentation base fertilizer in proportion and then fermenting. Compared with conventional organic fertilizers for water fertilization, the total nitrogen in the formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention is increased by 40%, the total potassium is increased by 33%, and the total phosphorus is increased by 60%. After the formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention is used for aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement, the available potassium in the soil of the aquaculture water area can be increased by 30%, and the available phosphorus is increased by 25%. The formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention effectively improves the nutrient content of aquaculture soil.

[0030] Compared with conventional organic fertilizers for water and fertilizer, the organic matter content in the formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention is reduced. Fertilizers for water and fertilizer do not need high organic matter content. On the contrary, it is most ideal for the nutrients of fertilizers for water and fertilizer to be close to inorganic salts. However, if the organic matter content is low, it is easy to cause the inability to maintain the fertility of the water body continuously and effectively. If the organic matter content is high, it is easy to cause other problems such as the proliferation of phytoplankton and zooplankton. The nutritional composition and content in the formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention are both conducive to being utilized by phytoplankton and zooplankton, and will not cause phytoplankton and zooplankton to reproduce rapidly and in large quantities. The formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention can delay the "white turbidity" flooding cycle of cladoceran zooplankton from May to mid-June, delaying the large-scale reproduction of cladocerans. From May to mid-June, cladocerans can be used as biological bait for shrimps and their shrimp fry, and are eaten in large quantities by shrimps and shrimp fry, so no outbreak phenomenon will be formed, thereby being able to achieve a long-term effect of maintaining moderate fertility of the water body throughout the entire breeding cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of biochar on temperature during composting in Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The invention provides a formula fermentation fertilizer, comprising fermentation liquid and fermentation base fertilizer; the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer is 28-39:100; the fermentation liquid comprises mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water; the fermentation base fertilizer comprises biochar, straw, quicklime and mixed manure.

[0034] The formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention comprises fermentation liquid and fermentation base fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer is 28-39:100; as an embodiment, the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer can be any one of 28:100, 29:100, 30:100, 31:100, 32:100, 33:100, 34:100, 35:100, 36:100, 37:100, 38:100 and 39:100; in a specific embodiment, the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer is 39:100.

[0035] The raw materials of the fermentation broth of the present invention include mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water; as an embodiment, in the fermentation broth, the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water is 1-5:10-20:90-110; as an embodiment, in the fermentation broth, the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water can be any one of 1:10:90, 3:15:100 and 5:20:110; as an embodiment, the mixed bacteria include 25% to 30% by volume of yeast, 45% to 55% by volume of bacillus and 15% to 25% by volume of actinomycetes; as an embodiment, in the mixed bacteria, the volume percentages of yeast, bacillus and actinomycetes can be 25%:50%:25 %, 30%:45%:25% and 30%:55%:15%; as an embodiment, the live bacteria concentration of the yeast, bacillus or actinomycetes is 9-11 billion / mL respectively; as an embodiment, the live bacteria concentration of the yeast, bacillus or actinomycetes can be 9 billion / mL, 10 billion / mL, 11 billion / mL respectively; in a specific embodiment, the formula fermentation fertilizer includes fermentation liquid and fermentation base fertilizer, and the mass ratio of mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water in the fermentation liquid is 3:15:100; the volume percentages of yeast, bacillus and actinomycetes in the mixed bacteria are as follows: 27% yeast, 50% bacillus and 23% actinomycetes.

[0036] The raw materials of the fermentation base fertilizer of the present invention include biochar, straw, quicklime and mixed manure; as an embodiment, in the fermentation base fertilizer, the mass ratio of biochar, straw, quicklime and mixed manure is 1:2-3:1:5-6; as an embodiment, in the fermentation base fertilizer, the mass ratio of biochar, straw, quicklime and mixed manure can be any one of 1:2:1:5, 1:1.5:1:5.5 and 1:3:1:6; as an embodiment, the biochar is straw biochar; as an embodiment, the straw biochar is straw charcoal with a particle size of 4 mm obtained by burning straw in a muffle furnace at 415°C for 1 hour; as an embodiment, the straw can be any one of corn straw, wheat straw and rice straw. As an embodiment, the mixed manure includes pig manure and chicken manure, and the mass percentage of the pig manure and chicken manure is 60-70%:30-40%; as an embodiment, the mass percentage of the pig manure and chicken manure can be any one of 60%:40%, 65%:35% and 70%:30%; in a specific embodiment, in the fermentation base fertilizer, the mass ratio of biochar, straw, quicklime and mixed manure is 1:2:1:5, and the mass percentage of pig manure and chicken manure in the mixed manure is 60%:40%. After the biochar is put into the water body, the microorganisms will quickly attach to the surface and pores of the biochar. The microorganisms will further flocculate with organic debris, inorganic salts, phytoplankton, etc. in the water body to form biological flocs, thereby achieving the effect of purifying water quality and promoting nutrient circulation.

[0037] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned formula fermented fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0038] The fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer are mixed in a volume ratio of 25 to 33:100 to obtain an effect fertilizer; the effect fertilizer is subjected to a first fermentation to obtain a fermented effect fertilizer; the fermented effect fertilizer is subjected to a second fermentation to obtain a second fermented effect fertilizer; the water content of the second fermented effect fertilizer is adjusted to 52% to 58% to obtain the formula fermented fertilizer.

[0039] The present invention mixes the fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer in a volume ratio of 25 to 33:100 to obtain an effective fertilizer; as an embodiment, the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer can be any one of 25:100, 26:100, 27:100, 28:100, 29:100, 30:100, 31:100, 32:100 and 33:100. In a specific embodiment, the fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer are mixed in a volume ratio of 33:100 to obtain an effective fertilizer.

[0040] After obtaining the effect fertilizer of the present invention, the effect fertilizer is subjected to a first fermentation to obtain a fermented effect fertilizer; as an embodiment, the condition of the first fermentation is: fermentation at 44°C to 55°C in the dark for 7 to 10 days. As an embodiment, the fermentation temperature may be any one of 44°C, 45°C, 46°C, 47°C, 48°C, 49°C, 50°C, 51°C, 52°C, 53°C, 54°C and 55°C. As an embodiment, the fermentation time in the dark may be any one of 7d, 8d, 9d and 10d. In a specific embodiment, after obtaining the effect fertilizer, fermentation in the dark at 50°C for 10 days to obtain a fermented effect fertilizer.

[0041] After obtaining the fermentation effect fertilizer, the present invention performs a second fermentation to obtain a second fermentation effect fertilizer. As an embodiment, after obtaining the fermentation effect fertilizer, it also includes the step of adding a fermentation liquid to the fermentation effect fertilizer once, adding a fermentation liquid to the fermentation effect fertilizer once every 7 days, and continuing the fermentation for 14 to 21 days. As an embodiment, the fermentation time of the second fermentation can be any one of 14 days, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days and 21 days; as an embodiment, during the second fermentation process, each time the fermentation liquid is added, the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer in the fermentation effect fertilizer is 1.5 to 2:100; as an embodiment, the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer in the effect fertilizer can be 1.5:100 or 2:100. As an embodiment, during the second fermentation process, the compost thickness of the fermentation effect fertilizer is controlled at 25 to 35 cm, and the temperature is controlled at 35 to 42°C. As an embodiment, the thickness of the compost in the second fermentation process can be any one of 25cm, 26cm, 27cm, 28cm, 29cm, 30cm, 31cm, 32cm, 33cm, 34cm and 35cm. As an embodiment, the temperature in the second fermentation process can be any one of 35℃, 36℃, 37℃, 38℃, 39℃, 40℃, 41℃ and 42℃. In a specific embodiment, after obtaining the fermentation effect fertilizer, the present invention adds a fermentation liquid to the fermentation effect fertilizer once, performs a second fermentation, adds a fermentation liquid once every 7 days, and each time the fermentation liquid is added, the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer in the fermentation effect fertilizer is 2:100. The thickness of the compost is controlled at 30cm, the compost temperature is controlled at 38℃, and the fermentation is continued for 21 days.

[0042] After obtaining the second fermentation effect fertilizer, the present invention adjusts the water content of the second fermentation effect fertilizer to 52% to 58% to obtain a formula fermentation fertilizer. As an embodiment, the water content of the fermentation effect fertilizer can be 54% to 56%; as an embodiment, the water content of the fermentation effect fertilizer can be adjusted to any one of 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57% and 58%. In a specific embodiment, the water content of the second fermentation effect fertilizer is adjusted to 55% to obtain a formula fermentation fertilizer.

[0043] The present invention also provides the formula fermented fertilizer as described above and the use of the formula fermented fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement.

[0044] The use of the formula fermented organic fertilizer of the present invention for aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement can achieve the effect of purifying water quality and promoting nutrient circulation through the formation of bioflocs by microorganisms, especially biochar, and microorganisms during the fermentation process. At the same time, biochar has an adsorption effect on antibiotics, and actinomycetes degrade antibiotics and kill insect eggs; biochar can also remove heavy metals through ion exchange and complex reaction to reduce toxicity; finally, these toxic substances adsorbed by biochar are absorbed by aquatic plants such as Elodea planted in the pond and then repair the soil at the bottom of the pond.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention also provides a method for fertilizing water and improving the bottom of an aquaculture, wherein the method for fertilizing water and improving the bottom of an aquaculture is carried out using the formula fermented fertilizer as described above, and comprises the following steps:

[0046] Drain the pond, remove the sludge, till the pond, and dry the frozen soil until the bottom of the pond is cracked; clean the pond and disinfect it; after 6 to 7 days of disinfection, drain the water; after draining the water, add 25 to 30 cm of water 6 to 7 days before stocking the seedlings, and sprinkle and apply 25 to 30 kg / 667m of formula fermented fertilizer 2 Fertilize and water; after applying the formula fermented fertilizer, apply 10-15kg / 667m of formula fermented fertilizer every 20-25 days 2 , used continuously for 4 to 5 times to achieve water fertilization and bottom improvement in aquaculture.

[0047] The present invention drains the pond water at the end of December, removes sludge, plows the land, and exposes frozen soil in the pond until the bottom of the pond becomes cracked; as an embodiment, the time for draining the pond water may be from December 20 to December 31; as an embodiment, the time for draining the pond water may be any one of December 20, December 21, December 22, December 23, December 24, December 25, December 26, December 27, December 28, December 29, December 30, and December 31; in a specific embodiment, the time for draining the pond water is December 20.

[0048] After the bottom of the pond is cracked, the present invention cleans and disinfects the pond in January of the following year; as an embodiment, the disinfection method can be any one of using lime to disinfect the pond or dry-spreading bleaching powder; as an embodiment, the disinfection method is to use lime to disinfect the pond, the water depth is 15-20cm, and the amount of quicklime is 100-150kg / 667m 2 As an embodiment, when the disinfection method is to use lime to disinfect the pond, the water depth can be any one of 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm and 20cm, and the amount of quicklime can be 100kg / 667m 2 、110kg / 667m 2 、120kg / 667m 2 、130kg / 667m 2 , 140kg / 667m 2 and 150kg / 667m 2 As one embodiment, when the disinfection method is dry-spreading bleaching powder, the amount of bleaching powder used is 30-35kg / 667m 2 As an embodiment, when the disinfection method is dry-spreading bleaching powder, the amount of bleaching powder used can be 30kg / 667m 2 31kg / 667m 2 、32kg / 667m 2 33kg / 667m 2 、34kg / 667m 2 and 35kg / 667m 2 Any one of; in a specific embodiment, until the bottom of the pool is cracked, the present invention is in January of the following year, dry bleaching powder 30kg / 667m 2 Clean and disinfect the pond.

[0049] After the pond is cleaned and disinfected for 6 to 7 days, the water is drained. After the water is drained, 25 to 30 cm deep water is added 6 to 7 days before seedlings are planted, and 25 to 30 kg / 667 m of formula fermented fertilizer is sprinkled and applied. 2 Fertilize water; as an embodiment, the draining of water is 6d or 7d after pond cleaning and disinfection; as an embodiment, the adding of 25-30cm deep water is 6d or 7d before seedling planting; as an embodiment, when the adding of 25-30cm deep water, the depth of the water can be any one of 25cm, 26cm, 27cm, 28cm, 29cm and 30cm; as an embodiment, the amount of the formula fermented fertilizer applied by sprinkling can be 25kg / 667m 2 , 26kg / 667m 2 , 27kg / 667m 2 , 28kg / 667m2 , 29kg / 667m 2 and 30kg / 667m 2 Any one of the following; in a specific embodiment, the pond is drained after 7 days of disinfection; after draining, 7 days before seedling planting, 30 cm of water is added, and 30 kg / 667 m of formula fermented fertilizer is sprinkled and applied. 2 Fertilize and water.

[0050] After applying the formula fermentation fertilizer, the present invention applies 10-15 kg / 667 m of formula fermentation fertilizer every 20-25 days. 2 , used 4 to 5 times continuously to achieve aquaculture fertilization and bottom improvement; as an embodiment, the time interval for applying the formula fermentation fertilizer can be any one of 20d, 21d, 22d, 23d, 24d and 25d; as an embodiment, when the formula fermentation fertilizer is applied every 20 to 25d, the amount of the formula fermentation fertilizer applied each time can be 10kg / 667m 2 , 11kg / 667m 2 、12kg / 667m 2 , 13kg / 667m 2 、14kg / 667m 2 and 15kg / 667m 2 Any one of; As an embodiment, the number of consecutive uses can be 4 times or 5 times; In a specific embodiment, after applying the formula fermentation fertilizer, 15kg / 667m of formula fermentation fertilizer is applied every 25d 2 , used 5 times continuously to achieve water fertilization and bottom improvement in aquaculture.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials involved in the present invention are all commercially available, and the strains involved are all commonly used strains in the field of aquaculture, which can be purchased from the market; the methods involved in the present invention are all conventional operations in the field, and those skilled in the art can confirm them according to the existing technology in the field. The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A formula fermented fertilizer, the raw materials are fermentation liquid and fermentation base fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer is 39:100;

[0054] The fermentation broth is a mixture of mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water in a mass ratio of 1:10:90, and the fermentation broth is obtained by mixing the mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water in the above proportions; the mixed bacteria are 25% yeast, 50% bacillus and 25% actinomycetes by mass percentage, and the live bacterial concentration of the yeast, bacillus or actinomycetes is 9 billion / mL respectively;

[0055] The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051; the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC24859; and the actinomycetes are purchased from Jiangsu Haorun Jiangsu Haorun Bio-Industry Group Co., Ltd.

[0056] The fermentation base fertilizer is composed of biochar, straw, quicklime and mixed manure in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:5; the mixed manure is a mixture of pig manure and chicken manure in a mass percentage of 60%:40%;

[0057] The biochar is straw, and the straw is corn.

[0058] A method for preparing a formula fermented fertilizer, the steps are as follows:

[0059] (1) mixing the fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer in a volume ratio of 33:100 to obtain an effective fertilizer;

[0060] (2) performing a first fermentation on the effect fertilizer obtained in step (1) to obtain a fermented effect fertilizer, wherein the first fermentation condition is 45° C. in the dark for 7 days, and there is no need to control the thickness of the compost, to obtain a first fermented effect fertilizer;

[0061] (3) adding fermentation liquid to the first fermentation effect fertilizer obtained in step (2) to carry out a second fermentation, and adding the fermentation liquid once every 7 days during the second fermentation. The fermentation liquid is added 3 times in total during the second fermentation, and each time the fermentation liquid is added according to the volume ratio of fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer in step (1) of 2:100, and the fermentation is continued for 21 days. The thickness of the compost in the second fermentation is 25 cm, and the fermentation condition is 35°C in the dark to obtain the second fermentation effect fertilizer;

[0062] (4) The water content of the second fermentation effect fertilizer obtained in step (3) is adjusted to 52% to obtain the formula fermentation fertilizer.

[0063] A method for fertilizing water and improving the bottom of an aquaculture farm, comprising the following steps:

[0064] In the pond of Hainan Town, Xinghua City, the pond was cleaned on February 4, 200 kg of quicklime was used for disinfection for 7 days, and then the water was drained; the seedlings were stocked on February 23, and 7 days before stocking, the pond water was refilled to a depth of about 30 cm, and 15 kg / 667 m of the formula fermented fertilizer was added. 2 Fertilizer and water: use 10kg / 667m3 of formula fermented fertilizer every 20 days in the later stage 2 , use it 4 times continuously to promote the reproduction of bait organisms.

[0065] On February 10, 1,200 crab seedlings were released per mu, and the area was raised according to conventional crab farming techniques. In May, cladocerans reproduced, but no disaster occurred, so there was no need to use insecticides. On May 21, prawns with eggs were released at a density of 0.5 kg per mu, and the area was raised according to conventional prawn farming techniques. In mid-June, the cladocerans that reproduced in large numbers became the biological bait for prawns and their hatched seedlings. At the end of the year, on October 30, 130.5 kg of crabs and 32.4 kg of prawns were harvested.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] A formula fermented fertilizer, the raw materials are fermentation liquid and fermentation base fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer is 28:100;

[0068] The fermentation broth is a mixture of mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water in a mass ratio of 5:20:110, and the fermentation broth is prepared by mixing the mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water in the above ratio; the mixed bacteria are 27% yeast, 55% bacillus and 18% actinomycetes by mass percentage, and the live bacterial concentration of the yeast, bacillus or actinomycetes is 10 billion / mL respectively;

[0069] The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051; the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC24859; and the actinomycetes are purchased from Jiangsu Haorun Jiangsu Haorun Bio-Industry Group Co., Ltd.

[0070] The fermentation base fertilizer is biochar, straw, quicklime and mixed manure in a mass ratio of 1:3:1:6; the mixed manure is a mixture of pig manure and chicken manure in a mass percentage of 70%:30%;

[0071] The biochar is straw, and the straw is corn.

[0072] A method for preparing a formula fermented fertilizer, the steps are as follows:

[0073] (1) mixing the fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer in a volume ratio of 25:100 to obtain an effective fertilizer;

[0074] (2) performing a first fermentation on the effect fertilizer obtained in step (1) to obtain a fermented effect fertilizer, wherein the first fermentation condition is 50° C. in the dark for 8 days, and there is no need to control the thickness of the compost, to obtain a first fermented effect fertilizer;

[0075] (3) adding fermentation liquid to the first fermentation effect fertilizer obtained in step (2) to carry out a second fermentation, and adding the fermentation liquid once every 7 days during the second fermentation. The fermentation liquid is added twice in the second fermentation process, and each time the fermentation liquid is added according to the volume ratio of fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer in step (1) of 1.5:100, and the fermentation is continued for 14 days. The thickness of the compost in the second fermentation is 30 cm, and the fermentation condition is 38°C in the dark to obtain the second fermentation effect fertilizer;

[0076] (4) The water content of the second fermentation effect fertilizer obtained in step (3) is adjusted to 55% to obtain the formula fermentation fertilizer.

[0077] A method for fertilizing water and improving the bottom of an aquaculture farm, comprising the following steps:

[0078] In the Zhongbao Pond in Xinghua, the pond was cleaned on February 3rd with 200kg of quicklime. After disinfection for 7 days, the water was drained. The seedlings were stocked on February 22nd. 7 days before stocking, the pond water was refilled to a depth of about 30cm. The fermented fertilizer with the above formula was used at a rate of 15kg / 667m 2 Fertilizer and water: use 15kg / 667m3 of formula fermented fertilizer every 30 days in the later stage 2 , use it 4 times continuously to promote the reproduction of bait organisms.

[0079] On February 20, 1,200 crab seedlings were released per mu, and they were cultured according to conventional crab culture techniques. In May, cladocerans multiplied, and no disasters broke out, so there was no need to use insecticides. On May 28, 0.5 kg / mu of gravid shrimp were released, and they were cultured according to conventional shrimp culture techniques. In mid-June, a large number of cladocerans multiplied, and they became biological bait for shrimp and their hatched seedlings. At the end of the year, on October 30, 128.4.5 kg of crabs and 33.8 kg of shrimp were harvested.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] A formula fermented fertilizer, the raw materials are fermentation liquid and fermentation base fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer is 34:100;

[0082] The fermentation broth is a mixture of mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water in a mass ratio of 3:15:100, and the fermentation broth is prepared by mixing the mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water in the above ratio; the mixed bacteria are 30% yeast, 45% bacillus and 25% actinomycetes by mass percentage, and the live bacterial concentration of the yeast, bacillus or actinomycetes is 11 billion / mL respectively;

[0083] The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis ATCC6051; the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC24859; and the actinomycetes are purchased from Jiangsu Haorun Jiangsu Haorun Bio-Industry Group Co., Ltd.

[0084] The fermentation base fertilizer is biochar, straw, quicklime and mixed manure in a mass ratio of 1:2.5:1:5.5; the mixed manure is a mixture of pig manure and chicken manure in a mass percentage of 65%:35%;

[0085] The biochar is straw, and the straw is corn.

[0086] A method for preparing a formula fermented fertilizer, the steps are as follows:

[0087] (1) mixing the fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer in a volume ratio of 30:100 to obtain an effective fertilizer;

[0088] (2) performing a first fermentation on the effect fertilizer obtained in step (1) to obtain a fermented effect fertilizer, wherein the first fermentation condition is 55° C. in the dark for 10 days, and there is no need to control the thickness of the compost, to obtain a first fermented effect fertilizer;

[0089] (3) adding fermentation liquid to the first fermentation effect fertilizer obtained in step (2) to carry out a second fermentation, adding fermentation liquid once every 7 days during the second fermentation process, adding fermentation liquid twice in total during the second fermentation process, each time adding fermentation liquid according to the volume ratio of fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer in step (1) of 2:100, continuing fermentation for 14 days, the thickness of the compost of the second fermentation is 35 cm, the fermentation condition is 42° C. in the dark, and obtaining a second fermentation effect fertilizer;

[0090] (4) The water content of the second fermentation effect fertilizer obtained in step (3) is adjusted to 58% to obtain the formula fermentation fertilizer.

[0091] A method for fertilizing water and improving the bottom of an aquaculture farm, comprising the following steps:

[0092] In the Zhuhong Pond in Xinghua, the pond was cleaned on February 3rd with 200kg of quicklime. After disinfection for 7 days, the water was drained. The seedlings were stocked on February 23rd. 7 days before stocking, the pond water was refilled to a depth of about 30cm. Formulated fermented fertilizer 10kg / 667m 2 Fertilizer and water: use 15kg / 667m3 of formula fermented fertilizer every 30 days in the later stage 2 , use it 4 times continuously to promote the reproduction of bait organisms.

[0093] On February 20, 1,200 crab seedlings were released per mu, and they were cultured according to conventional crab culture techniques. In May, cladocerans reproduced, and no disasters broke out, so there was no need to use insecticides. On May 28, 0.5 kg / mu of gravid shrimp were released, and they were cultured according to conventional shrimp culture techniques. In mid-June, a large number of cladocerans reproduced, and they became biological bait for shrimp and shrimp hatched seedlings. At the end of the year, on October 30, 125.7 kg of crabs and 30.6 kg of shrimp were harvested.

[0094] Comparative Example 1

[0095] Commercially available ordinary organic fertilizer is used for direct composting. No biochar is added to the conventional organic fertilizer fermentation. The fermentation process is stacking for 15 days. No stirring and no bacterial liquid are added during the fermentation process. After 15 days, ordinary commercially available fertilizer fermented fertilizer is obtained.

[0096] Use common commercially available fermented fertilizers to fertilize water and improve the bottom of aquaculture;

[0097] The preparation method of the fertilizer for aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement is as follows: ferment the fermented fertilizer at 45° C. in dark conditions for 7 days, and then the fertilizer can be used for aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement.

[0098] A method for fertilizing water and improving the bottom of an aquaculture farm, comprising the following steps:

[0099] At the Caigao Pond in Xinghua, the pond was cleaned on February 4 and crab fry were released on February 23. Commercially available ordinary organic fertilizer that had been composted and fermented was applied as base fertilizer 7 days before releasing the crab fry. Then, the crabs were cultured according to conventional crab farming techniques, with 100 kg applied per mu of fish pond.

[0100] On February 10, 1,200 crab seedlings were released per mu, and the area was cultured according to conventional green shrimp culture technology. In April and May, cladocerans reproduced in large numbers, consuming a large amount of oxygen, and "white turbidity" broke out. Insecticides were needed to kill insects, and green shrimps with eggs were released 7 days after killing insects. Green shrimps with eggs were released on May 28, with a density of 0.5kg / mu. At the end of the year, on October 30, 120.8kg of river crabs and 24.1kg of green shrimps were harvested.

[0101] Example 4

[0102] The nutrient content and antibiotic content of different embodiments and comparative examples before and after fermentation were measured respectively to verify the effect of biochar on the nutrient and antibiotic content during composting, and the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were shown in Tables 1 to 2. In addition, the effect of biochar on the nutrient and antibiotic content during composting in different embodiments and comparative examples was verified, and the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were shown in Tables 1 to 2. Figure 1 shown.

[0103] Table 1 Effect of biochar on nutrients during composting

[0104]

[0105] As can be seen from Table 1, the biochar in the fertilizer of the present invention can increase the total phosphorus, total nitrogen and total potassium contents in the fertilizer after fermentation, and there is no significant difference compared with the ordinary commercially available fertilizer in Comparative Example 1.

[0106] Table 2 Effect of biochar on antibiotics during composting

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] As can be seen from Table 2, the biochar in the fertilizer of the present invention can reduce the content of ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline in the fertilizer after fermentation. The amoxicillin content of the fertilizer of the present invention after fermentation is 16.8% of the fertilizer in Example 1, and the ampicillin content of the fertilizer of the present invention after fermentation is 40% of the fertilizer in Example 1. The antibiotic residue in the fertilizer of the present invention is significantly reduced after fermentation, which is significantly lower than the antibiotic content in the fertilizer in Comparative Example 1.

[0110] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that after adding biochar, the average temperature during the composting process of the embodiment reached 39.5°C, and the average temperature during the composting process of the comparative example reached 24.8°C. The temperature of the embodiment was significantly higher than that of the comparative example without adding biochar. Maintaining a relatively high temperature is more conducive to fermentation and utilizing high temperature to degrade harmful substances, thereby achieving the purpose of composting.

[0111] The aquaculture fertilization and bottom modification methods were carried out according to the methods described in different embodiments and comparative examples. The changes in nutrient content in the pond soil before and after the bottom modification with different feeds, different fertilization and bottom modification methods, the changes in phytoplankton content in the water body at different time periods, and the changes in cladoceran content in the water body at different time periods were measured, and the results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were displayed, as shown in Tables 3 to 5, respectively.

[0112] Table 3 Changes in nutrient content in pond soil before and after bottom modification

[0113]

[0114] It can be seen from the data in Table 3 that after the fertilizer of the present invention is used to improve the soil, the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil is significantly increased, and is significantly better than the ordinary commercial fertilizer in Comparative Example 1. This shows that the formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention has a good soil improvement effect.

[0115] Table 4 Changes of phytoplankton in water after application

[0116] 3 months (ind / L) April (ind / L) May (ind / L) 6 months (ind / L) July (ind / L) Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[2.73×10 4 ]]> <![CDATA[1.87×10 6 ]]> <![CDATA[4.76×10 6 ]]> <![CDATA[2.63×10 8 ]]> <![CDATA[1.64×10 8 ]]> Example 2 <![CDATA[2.68×10 4 ]]> <![CDATA[1.17×10 7 ]]> <![CDATA[5.78×10 8 ]]> <![CDATA[4.46×10 8 ]]> <![CDATA[9.19×10 7 ]]>

[0117] As can be seen from Table 4, after using the fertilizer of the present invention to fertilize water and improve the bottom, the phytoplankton content in the water body decreased slightly from March to April, the phytoplankton content increased significantly in May, and the phytoplankton content in the water body was maintained at a high level from June to July, thereby maintaining the fertility of the water body throughout the breeding cycle. However, the phytoplankton in the comparative example 1 group was at a high level in May, and then gradually decreased in June and July, and could not maintain the fertility of the water body in the late breeding cycle. It can be seen that the fertilizer of the present invention can maintain the fertility of the water body for a long time, and the maintenance effect is better than the ordinary commercially available fertilizer in comparative example 1.

[0118] Table 5 Changes of cladocerans in water after application

[0119] 3 months (ind / L) April (ind / L) May (ind / L) 6 months (ind / L) July (ind / L) Comparative Example 1 155 760 680 420 380 Example 2 104 143 221 340 260

[0120] As can be seen from Table 5, after using the fertilizer of the present invention to fertilize the water and improve the bottom, the content of cladocerans in the water body increased from March to May, but the growth was slow. The content of cladocerans in the water body was maintained at a high level from June to July, which could be eaten by river crabs and shrimps. However, after using the fertilizer in Comparative Example 1 to fertilize the water and improve the bottom, an outbreak of cladocerans occurred in the water body in April, and the level was maintained at more than 380ind / L from April to July, resulting in water pollution.

[0121] From the above content, it can be seen that the nutritional composition and content of the formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention are more conducive to being utilized by phytoplankton and zooplankton, but will not cause rapid and massive reproduction of phytoplankton and zooplankton. The formula fermented fertilizer of the present invention can delay the "white turbidity" flooding period of cladoceran zooplankton from May to mid-June. The delayed massive reproduction of cladocerans can be used as biological bait for shrimp and its shrimp seedlings. Cladocerans will not form an outbreak phenomenon, thereby achieving a long-term effect of maintaining moderate water fertility throughout the entire breeding cycle.

[0122] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formula fermented fertilizer, characterized in that: Including fermentation liquid and fermentation base fertilizer; The volume ratio of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer is 28-39:100; The fermentation liquid includes mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water; the fermentation base fertilizer includes biochar, straw, quicklime and feces.

2. The formula fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the mixed bacteria, brown sugar and water is 1-5:10-20:90-110.

3. The formula fermented fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mixed bacteria include 25% to 30% by volume of yeast, 45% to 55% by volume of bacillus and 15% to 25% by volume of actinomycetes.

4. The formula fermented fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The live bacterial concentrations of the yeast, bacillus and actinomycetes are 9-11 billion / mL respectively.

5. The formula fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the biochar, straw, quicklime and feces is 1:2-3:1:5-6.

6. The formula fermented fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feces include mixed feces, and the mixed feces include pig feces and chicken feces; the mass ratio of the pig feces to the chicken feces is 60-70:30-40.

7. The method for preparing the formulated fermented fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: The fermentation liquid and the fermentation base fertilizer are mixed in a volume ratio of 25 to 33:100 to obtain an effective fertilizer; performing a first fermentation on the effect fertilizer to obtain a fermented effect fertilizer; performing a second fermentation on the fermentation effect fertilizer to obtain a second fermentation effect fertilizer; The water content of the second fermentation effect fertilizer is adjusted to 52% to 58% to obtain the formula fermentation fertilizer.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fermentation conditions of the first fermentation are 45-55°C and fermentation in the dark for 7-10 days; The second fermentation comprises the following steps: after the first fermentation is completed, adding a fermentation liquid to the fermentation effect fertilizer once, adding a fermentation liquid to the fermentation effect fertilizer once every 7 days, and continuing the fermentation for 14 to 21 days; In the second fermentation process, the fermentation liquid is added at a volume ratio of 1.5 to 2:100 of the fermentation liquid to the fermentation base fertilizer in the fermentation effect fertilizer; During the second fermentation process, the compost thickness of the fermentation effect fertilizer is controlled at 25-35 cm, and the temperature is controlled at 35-42° C.

9. Use of the formula fermented fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the formula fermented fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7 or 8 in aquaculture water fertilization and bottom improvement.

10. A method for fertilizing water and improving the bottom of an aquaculture farm, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: using the formula fermentation fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the formula fermentation fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7 or 8: 6-7 days before stocking, the water depth in the aquaculture pond is maintained at 25-30 cm, and the formulated fermented fertilizer is sprinkled and applied to fertilize the water; the dosage of the formulated fermented fertilizer is 25-30 kg / 667 m 2 ; After applying the formula fermentation fertilizer, apply the formula fermentation fertilizer once every 20 to 25 days for 4 to 5 times in succession. The amount of the formula fermentation fertilizer applied each time is 10 to 15 kg / 667 m 2 , to achieve water fertilization and bottom improvement in aquaculture.

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