A salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method suitable for saline-alkali land

Abstract

The present invention discloses a salt-avoiding cultivation method for wheat in saline-alkali land, which comprises the following steps: (1) before sowing, irrigating with fresh water to drain salt; (2) digging trenches with a depth of 30 to 50 cm in both directions, and applying a soil water retaining agent in the trenches; (3) applying fermented fertilizer at a depth of 10 to 15 cm; (4) applying a root strengthening agent together with the seeds during sowing. The method of the present invention makes the wheat seedlings strong and uniform, the root system has high vitality, the ear formation rate is high, and the thousand-grain weight and yield of wheat are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention specifically relates to a salt-avoiding cultivation method for wheat in saline-alkali land, belonging to the technical field of crop cultivation. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to increase some understanding of the overall background of the invention, and should not be necessarily regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to ordinary technicians in this field.

[0003] Saline-alkali land refers to land with too much salt in the soil and too high or too low pH value, which cannot grow crops normally. Such soil, troubled by factors such as salt and poor nutrition, will lead to reduced crop yields or even crop failure, seriously threatening agricultural production.

[0004] Wheat is one of the world's largest and most productive food crops. However, when the soil salt content exceeds 0.3%, it will hinder the normal growth of wheat, resulting in stunted plants, sparse plants, broken spines, and even large-scale death. There are many ways to improve wheat saline-alkali land, such as water-pressing and soil-drenching, mechanical furrowing and tillage, and the use of acidic fertilizers, but the results are not ideal. The salt return rate of water-pressing and soil-drenching is high, and the effect of mechanical furrowing and tillage is limited. For acidic fertilizers, the fertility may be reduced or even lost due to neutralization. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method suitable for light to moderate saline-alkali land. According to the law of soil salt discharge and the law of wheat absorbing nutrients, the distribution method of fertilizers or additives in different soil layers is designed, which can improve the fertilizer utilization rate, make the wheat seedlings strong and uniform, have high root vitality, and high ear formation rate, and can effectively improve the thousand-grain weight and yield of wheat.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is specifically as follows:

[0007] A salt-avoiding cultivation method for wheat in saline-alkali land, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Before sowing, irrigate with fresh water to remove salt;

[0009] (2) Dig trenches 30 to 50 cm deep and apply soil water retention agent in the trenches;

[0010] The soil water-retaining agent is composed of a polymer and a mineral, wherein the polymer is polyacrylamide, and the mineral is bentonite and / or diatomaceous earth;

[0011] (3) Apply fermented fertilizer at a depth of 10 to 15 cm;

[0012] The fermented fertilizer is prepared by the following method:

[0013] The plant straw is crushed, mixed with river bottom mud, and piled for fermentation for 30 to 60 days, and the pile is stirred and turned during the fermentation process;

[0014] (4) When sowing, a root strengthening agent is applied together with the seeds; the root strengthening agent is prepared by the following method:

[0015] a. Crush willow branches and / or leaves, soak them in water for 10 to 12 hours, filter them, and obtain willow juice solution and willow residue;

[0016] b. Drying the willow residue; pulverizing a portion of the dried willow residue to obtain willow residue powder; impregnating another portion of the dried willow residue with an activator and carbonizing at high temperature to produce a porous willow residue carbon powder;

[0017] c. Soak the porous carbon powder of willow residue in the concentrated willow juice solution for 1 to 2 hours, and dry after the soaking;

[0018] d. Evenly mix willow residue powder, willow residue porous carbon powder and bentonite, spray willow juice solution for granulation, and obtain a root strengthening agent.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), the specific method of irrigation and salt removal includes: deep ploughing the soil, digging drainage ditches, and then quickly irrigating the soil with water, and then quickly draining the water. The method of irrigation and salt removal can quickly and effectively remove the salt in the soil. After experimental verification, it is better than other irrigation and salt removal methods.

[0020] More preferably, the number of irrigation and salt removal is 1 to 3 times, which can be selected according to the salinity of the saline-alkali land.

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the spacing between the longitudinal grooves and the transverse grooves is 20 to 40 cm.

[0022] Preferably, in step (2), the amount of soil water retaining agent applied is 40-50 kg per mu. Through experimental verification and analysis, if the amount applied is too low, it will not block the salt, and if the amount applied is too high, the water absorption range will be wider, which will affect the growth of wheat.

[0023] Preferably, in step (2), the mineral is bentonite. After experimental verification and analysis, bentonite is mixed with polymer-polyacrylamide to form a soil water-retaining agent, which not only has low cost but also good water-retaining effect.

[0024] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of the polymer to the mineral is (1-2): (2-6). Through experimental verification and analysis, the soil water-retaining agent formed by this ratio has a long service life, good water-retaining effect, and good wheat growth.

[0025] The root system of wheat is mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-40cm, and the root system in the 0-20cm tillage layer generally accounts for 60-70% of the total root volume. Based on this, the applicant designed to apply the soil water retaining agent into the soil layer of 30-50cm, which can retain water at the depth of the soil layer and effectively block most of the salt substances in the deeper soil from continuing to flow upward with the water. Afterwards, the salt in the soil at this depth can be removed by methods such as irrigating fresh water to remove salt.

[0026] Preferably, in step (3), the present invention uses plant straw and riverbed mud for mixed fermentation, and utilizes microorganisms in the riverbed mud to decompose and blacken the plant straw to achieve maturity. Specifically, the fermented fertilizer is prepared by the following method:

[0027] The plant straw is crushed, mixed with riverbed silt, and piled for fermentation for 30 to 60 days, with the pile stirred and turned during the fermentation process.

[0028] Preferably, in step (3), the amount of fermentation fertilizer applied is 40 to 50 kg per mu.

[0029] Preferably, in step (4), the wheat sowing rate is 14-20 kg / mu.

[0030] The root strengthening agent of the present invention comprises porous carbon soaked in willow juice and willow residue powder. The porous carbon can slowly release salicylic acid, an active ingredient in the willow juice with a root strengthening effect, and can absorb nutrients in the soil and then slowly release them over time to achieve a slow-release effect. The willow residue powder is rich in nutrients and gradually degrades under the action of microorganisms over time, thereby accelerating the release of nutrients in the root strengthening agent.

[0031] Preferably, in step (4), the amount of root strengthening agent applied is 25 to 30 kg per mu.

[0032] Preferably, in step (4)a, the ratio of the crushed willow branches and / or leaves to water is (200-500) g: (1-2) L.

[0033] Preferably, in step (4) b, the activator used for high temperature carbonization is a potassium carbonate solution with a mass fraction of 15 to 45%.

[0034] Preferably, in step (3) c, a rotary concentration method is used, and the concentration multiple is 2 to 3 times.

[0035] Preferably, in step (4)b, the mass ratio of willow residue to activator is 1kg:(1-2)L.

[0036] Preferably, in step (4) b, the high temperature carbonization temperature is 400-500° C., and the carbonization time is 30-60 min.

[0037] Preferably, in step (4)d, the mass ratio of the willow residue powder, the willow residue porous carbon powder and the bentonite is 25-35:35-60:15-20.

[0038] Preferably, in step (4) d, a wet water-jet disc granulator is used for granulation, and low-temperature drying is performed after granulation, and the particle size is 2 to 4.75 mm, wherein the temperature of low-temperature drying is lower than 50°C.

[0039] Compared with the related art known to the inventor, one of the technical solutions of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] In the method of the present invention, firstly, irrigation is used to remove salt, so that the salt content in the soil is quickly and effectively reduced, then soil water retaining agent is used in the deep soil, which can effectively reduce the salt return rate, fermented fertilizer is used in the shallow and middle soil, and the nutrient content of the saline-alkali soil is improved, and root strengthening agent is used in the shallow soil, which can effectively promote the development of wheat root system and make the root system absorb more nutrients. The combination of the three improves the fertilizer utilization rate, makes the wheat seedlings strong and uniform, has high root activity, and has a high ear formation rate, and at the same time effectively improves the thousand-grain weight and yield of wheat.

[0041] By adopting the salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method of the present invention, the root strengthening agent has a certain slow-release effect, and then combined with the fermented fertilizer in the shallow middle layer, no additional fertilizer is needed in the subsequent application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations and / or combinations thereof.

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The preparation of the fermented fertilizer of the present embodiment comprises the following method:

[0047] (1) Collect pollution-free, clean sludge;

[0048] (2) crushing the corn stalks, mixing the crushed stalks with riverbed mud in a mass ratio of 1:1, and composting and fermenting for 45 days, during which the compost is turned and stirred every 5 days, and the corn stalks turn black and decompose;

[0049] (3) After fermentation, expose to the sun for 3 days to obtain brown-black fermented fertilizer.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] The preparation of the willow juice solution and willow residue in this embodiment includes the following method:

[0052] The willow branches and leaves were crushed, and then added with water in a ratio of 500 g:1.5 L, and soaked for 12 hours, and filtered to separate to obtain willow juice solution and willow residue.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The preparation of the root strengthening agent of the present invention comprises the following method:

[0055] a. Crush the willow branches and leaves, add water in a ratio of 500g:1.5L, soak for 12h, filter and separate, and obtain willow juice solution and willow residue;

[0056] b. Dry the willow residue; grind a portion of the dried willow residue into powder of 100 mesh to obtain willow residue powder; soak the other portion of the dried willow residue in a 20% potassium carbonate solution for 30 minutes, with the mass ratio of the willow residue to the potassium carbonate solution being 1kg:1L, dry the residue after soaking, and then perform high-temperature carbonization at a carbonization temperature of 450°C for 30 minutes to obtain willow residue porous carbon powder;

[0057] c. Soaking the porous carbon powder of willow residue in the willow juice solution for 1.5 hours, separating and drying at a temperature below 50° C. after the soaking;

[0058] d. Evenly mix willow residue powder, willow residue porous carbon powder and bentonite in a mass ratio of 25:60:15, use a wet water spray disc granulator to spray willow juice solution for granulation, dry after granulation, and screen it later. The particle size is 2 to 4.75 mm to obtain a root strengthening agent.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] In 2020-2021, a saline-alkali plot in Jiyang County, Jinan City, Shandong Province was selected for wheat field trials. The wheat variety was Jimai 22. The average soil salinity in the plot was 3.4 g / kg and the pH was 8.46.

[0061] (1) Before sowing, plough the soil 30 cm deep, dig drainage ditches 0.5 to 1 m deep, and then flood the soil with water quickly. Then quickly drain the water out of the wheat field through the drainage ditches, and repeat once;

[0062] The pH of the soil was measured at different depths.

[0063] (2) When the soil moisture is suitable, dig trenches vertically and horizontally with a depth of 40 cm and a longitudinal and transverse spacing of 30 cm. Apply soil water-retaining agent in the longitudinal and transverse trenches at an application amount of 45 kg; the soil water-retaining agent is composed of polyacrylamide and bentonite in a mass ratio of 1:2.5.

[0064] (3) Apply the fermented fertilizer in Example 1 at a depth of 10 to 15 cm; the amount of fermented fertilizer applied is 50 kg / mu.

[0065] (4) Seed treatment: Add 150g of carbendazim wettable powder to 50kg of water, soak 35kg of wheat seeds, remove after 24 hours, dry and wait for sowing;

[0066] (5) The treated seeds and the root strengthening agent of Example 3 were applied to the soil, with a sowing depth of 4 cm, a sowing amount of 15 kg / mu, and an application amount of the root strengthening agent of 30 kg / mu.

[0067] (6) Carry out routine field management such as weeding after sowing.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] The difference from Example 4 is that no soil water retaining agent is applied, but ordinary brown soil (slightly alkaline) of the same mass is added.

[0070] Comparative Example 2

[0071] The difference from Example 4 is that step (2) is omitted, and in step (3), the soil moisturizing agent and the fermented fertilizer are applied simultaneously at a depth of 10 to 15 cm.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] The difference from Example 4 is that no root strengthening agent is applied, but the same mass of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (20:10:15) is added.

[0074] The above method was used to determine the root activity of wheat at the jointing stage (TTC method); the tillering-to-earing rate was determined and calculated; when the wheat was harvested, soil pH, wheat thousand-grain weight and yield were measured by sampling. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1 Measured values ​​of wheat related parameters

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Compared with comparative example 1 and the soil after irrigation, the soil pH in Example 4 is lower in shallow soil (0≤d≤40cm) and higher in soil at 40<d≤60cm, indicating that the method of this embodiment can effectively maintain and reduce the salinization degree of shallow soil; compared with comparative example 1, the root activity of wheat in Example 4 is increased by 58.57%, the tillering ear rate is increased by 16.05%, the 1000-grain weight is increased by 11.27%, and the yield is increased by 26.76%; compared with comparative example 2, the root activity of wheat in Example 4 is increased by 47.32%, the tillering ear rate is increased by 12.38%, the 1000-grain weight is increased by 14.64%, and the yield is increased by 21.47%; compared with comparative example 3, the root activity of wheat in Example 4 is increased by 27.30%, the tillering ear rate is increased by 10.86%, the 1000-grain weight is increased by 12.51%, and the yield is increased by 19.11%.

[0079] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A salt-avoiding cultivation method for wheat in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Before sowing, irrigate with fresh water to remove salt; (2) Dig trenches 30 to 50 cm deep and apply soil water retaining agent in the trenches; The soil water-retaining agent is composed of a polymer and a mineral, wherein the polymer is polyacrylamide, and the mineral is bentonite and / or diatomaceous earth; (3) Apply fermented fertilizer at a depth of 10-15 cm; (4) When sowing, apply root strengthening agent together with seeds; The root strengthening agent is prepared by the following method: a. Crush willow branches and / or leaves, soak in water for 10-12 hours, filter, and obtain willow juice solution and willow residue; b. Drying the willow residue; pulverizing a portion of the dried willow residue to obtain willow residue powder; impregnating another portion of the dried willow residue with an activator and carbonizing at high temperature to produce a porous willow residue carbon powder; c. Soak the porous carbon powder of willow residue in the concentrated willow juice solution for 1-2 hours, and dry it after the soaking; d. Evenly mix willow residue powder, willow residue porous carbon powder and bentonite, spray willow juice solution for granulation, and obtain a root strengthening agent; The deep soil uses soil water retaining agent, the shallow and middle soil uses fermented fertilizer, and the shallow soil uses root strengthening agent; the combination of the three can improve the fertilizer utilization rate; In step (4) d, the mass ratio of the willow residue powder, the willow residue porous carbon powder and the bentonite is 25-35:35-60:15-20.

2. The salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method suitable for saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the specific method of irrigation with fresh water to remove salt includes: deep tillage of the soil, digging drainage ditches, and then rapidly irrigating the soil with water and then rapidly draining the water.

3. The salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method suitable for saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the number of times of watering and salt removal is 1 to 3 times.

4. The salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method applicable to saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the spacing between the longitudinal and transverse grooves is 20-40 cm; The application amount of soil water-retaining agent is 40~50kg per mu.

5. The salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method applicable to saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the mineral is bentonite; The mass ratio of the polymer to the mineral is (1-2):(2-6).

6. A salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method suitable for saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the fermented fertilizer is prepared by the following method: The plant straw is crushed, mixed with riverbed silt, and piled for fermentation for 30 to 60 days, with the pile stirred and turned during the fermentation process.

7. The salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method applicable to saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the amount of fermented fertilizer applied is 40-50 kg per mu.

8. The salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method applicable to saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the application amount of the root strengthening agent is 25-30 kg per mu; In step (4) a, the ratio of the crushed willow branches and / or leaves to water is (200-500) g: (1-2) L; The high temperature carbonization temperature is 400~500℃, and the carbonization time is 30~60min.

9. The salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method applicable to saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4) b, the activator used for high temperature carbonization is potassium carbonate solution with a mass fraction of 15-45%; in step (4) b, the mass ratio of willow residue to activator is 1 kg: (1-2) L.

10. The salt-avoiding wheat cultivation method applicable to saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4) d, a wet water-spraying disc granulator is used for granulation, and low-temperature drying is performed after granulation, and the particle size is 2 to 4.75 mm.

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