An electric field in-situ regulation device suitable for single molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of photochemistry, and particularly relates to a photochemical analysis technology, and relates to an electric field in-situ regulation device suitable for a single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscope, which comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode and a microchannel, the working electrode and the counter electrode are electrode plates arranged in parallel, the two electrode plates are bonded through double-sided adhesive tape with the microchannel etched, and a sandwich structure is formed; a through hole is further arranged on the electrode plate and is connected with a flow guide pipe, and the application meets the urgent need of studying the regulation effect of an electric field on a photocatalytic oxidation-reduction reaction, makes up for the lack of the electric field regulation device suitable for the single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscope, and has good practical application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of energy photocatalysis and photochemistry technology, and specifically relates to an electric field in-situ control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and its application in photocatalytic processes. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not necessarily be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Efficient conversion of solar energy into hydrogen via water splitting has been recognized as one of the most promising approaches to addressing energy and environmental challenges. However, photocatalytic efficiency remains suboptimal due to the low separation of photogenerated charge carriers. In recent years, various strategies have been developed, such as constructing S-heterojunctions, Z-heterojunctions, homojunctions, and Schottky junctions to create a built-in electric field to improve carrier separation efficiency. Applying an external electric field to the photocatalytic process is a more flexible and controllable strategy and is attracting increasing research attention. However, the regulation of photocatalytic efficiency by external fields remains unclear due to the multiple processes involved in photocatalysis: 1) the generation of photogenerated carriers; 2) the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers driven by the external field; and 3) the induction of redox reactions by photogenerated carriers on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, the efficiency of photocatalytic redox reactions is influenced by factors such as the adsorption of reactants on the catalyst surface, the catalytic conversion of reactants to products, and the desorption of products. These processes are not only spatiotemporally dynamic but also involve surface reactions at the microscale. Studying the regulation of photocatalytic redox reactions by electric fields requires the exploration of real-time, in situ characterization techniques.

[0004] Single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SSM) has high spatiotemporal resolution and can reveal the microscopic mechanisms of photocatalysis. However, due to the lack of electric field control devices suitable for SSM, it is currently difficult to visualize photocatalytic redox reactions on the surface of catalyst particles under different electric fields. Furthermore, it is impossible to analyze the single-molecule dynamics of redox reactions under applied electric fields and to understand the microscopic mechanism of electric field control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned prior art, the present invention provides an electric field control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to enable in situ control and analysis of photocatalytic redox reactions on the surface of catalyst particles during actual photocatalytic processes. The constructed electric field control device primarily consists of a two-electrode system made of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. ITO glass has excellent light transmittance and conductivity, facilitating the application of a photocatalytic light source and a fluorescence excitation light source, as well as the collection of fluorescence signals. Between the parallel ITO glass electrode plates, the application of a bias voltage forms a uniform and parallel electric field perpendicular to the electrode plates. This, under the action of Coulomb force, promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers in the catalyst particles, thereby improving the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction. Therefore, the electric field control device can simultaneously monitor both the photocatalytic reaction and the fluorescence display. Furthermore, based on this electric field control device, the control process of photocatalytic redox reactions under electric fields under single-molecule in situ monitoring can be achieved, facilitating the visualization of photocatalytic redox reactions on the surface of catalyst particles under different electric fields, the single-molecule dynamics analysis of redox reactions under applied electric fields, and the analysis of the microscopic mechanism of electric field control, thus possessing excellent practical application value.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides an in situ electric field control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, comprising: a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a microchannel. The working electrode and the counter electrode are parallel electrode plates, and the two electrode plates are bonded together by double-sided tape etched with microchannels to form a sandwich structure; the electrode plates are also provided with through holes and are connected to the flow guide tube.

[0008] In some embodiments, the working electrode and the counter electrode are both ITO glass electrodes;

[0009] In some embodiments, the ITO glass electrode has the following dimensions: a width of 2-3 cm, a length of 4-5 cm, and a thickness of 3-4 mm or 0.15-0.17 mm;

[0010] In some embodiments, the diameter of the through hole is 1-1.2 mm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the double-sided tape has a size of 2.0-2.1 cm×5.0-5.1 mm×150-160 μm.

[0012] The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned electric field in situ control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy in single-molecule level quantitative detection during real-time in situ photocatalysis.

[0013] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for constructing the above-mentioned electric field in situ control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, comprising:

[0014] Clean the ITO glass electrode to meet the requirements of single-molecule imaging;

[0015] The two cleaned ITO glass electrodes were punched and incubated with catalyst particles, respectively serving as the upper and lower electrodes of the electric field control device;

[0016] Two ITO glass electrodes are assembled into a sandwich structure by bonding them with double-sided tape etched with channels, and a flow guide tube is connected to the ITO glass electrode with holes so that the channels in the sandwich structure can be pumped with the reaction solution.

[0017] In some embodiments, the specific method of the cleaning treatment is: using glass detergent and alcohol to repeatedly ultrasonically clean for 20-30 minutes, finally rinsing with water, drying with nitrogen, placing on a clean bench, and sealing for storage;

[0018] In some embodiments, in the catalyst incubation treatment of the ITO glass electrode, the ITO glass electrode used has a thickness of 0.15-0.17 mm, and the concentration of the catalyst particle aqueous solution is 3-4 mg / mL.

[0019] In some embodiments, the reaction solution includes: an oxidation reaction solution and a reduction reaction solution, more specifically, a photogenerated electron scavenger MV in an AR solution, 2+ and CH3OH, a photogenerated hole scavenger in Re solution.

[0020] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned electric field control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy in controlling the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of BiVO4 photocatalyst particles.

[0021] In some embodiments, single-molecule level imaging is used to perform detection and analysis under different electric fields to obtain a super-resolution spatial distribution of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles.

[0022] In some embodiments, the electric field control device is used to analyze the activity of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles, and the frequency of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles under different electric fields is quantified; and the control pathway of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles under electric field control is analyzed by single-molecule dynamics analysis.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] (1) Compared with the prior art, the present invention fills the gap in electric field control devices for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, making it possible to analyze the control process of the electric field during the photocatalytic reaction.

[0025] (2) The electric field control device constructed by the present invention is mainly composed of an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass two-electrode system. ITO glass has excellent light transmittance and conductivity, which is conducive to the application of photocatalytic light source and fluorescence excitation light source and the collection of fluorescence signals. Between the parallel ITO glass electrode plates, due to the application of bias voltage, a uniform and parallel electric field perpendicular to the electrode plates will be formed, which promotes the separation of photogenerated carriers of catalyst particles under the action of Coulomb force and improves the efficiency of photocatalytic reaction. Therefore, the electric field control device can simultaneously meet the needs of photocatalytic reaction and fluorescence display monitoring; on the other hand, based on the electric field control device, the control process of photocatalytic redox under electric field is monitored in situ at the single-molecule level, which helps to realize the visualization of photocatalytic redox reaction on the surface of catalyst particles under different electric fields, the single-molecule dynamics analysis of redox reaction under the action of external electric field and the analysis of the microscopic mechanism of electric field control, which has good practical application value.

[0026] (3) The operation method of the present application is simple, universal, and easy to scale up for production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of this application, are used to provide further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute improper limitations on this application.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flow chart for constructing an electric field control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of the present invention; wherein, 1. ITO glass electrode, 2. double-sided tape, 3. through hole, 4. flow guide tube.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a physical diagram of the electric field control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a single-molecule imaging diagram of the BiVO4 photocatalytic process of the present invention. A is a schematic diagram of the photochemical reaction under a total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope. B is a bright field image of a single BiVO4. C is the original fluorescence signal of the photocatalytic oxidation product Rf. D is the original fluorescence signal of the photocatalytic oxidation product Rf in the red area (3 pixels × 3 pixels) in C. E is a high-resolution fluorescence image of D obtained using the centroid algorithm (each pixel size: 32.5nm × 32.5nm). F is the time trajectory of the fluorescence burst in the red area (3 pixels × 3 pixels) in C within 30s;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a single-component imaging diagram of the application of the present invention in the BiVO4 photocatalytic process. A is the frequency of the photocatalytic oxidation reaction of the {110} plane of the BiVO4 single crystal under different external electric fields. B is a heat map of the frequency of the photocatalytic reduction reaction of the {010} plane of the BiVO4 single crystal under different external electric fields. C is the effect of the bond bending induced by the built-in electric field on the photogenerated redox reaction. D is the frequency of the photocatalytic redox reaction of the BiVO4 single crystal under different electric fields in A and B. E is the effect of the {010} plane bond bending (h2) and the {110} plane bond bending (h2') on the photocatalytic redox reaction under the action of the electric field. F is the photocurrent generated under the action of the external electric field;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a single-component kinetic analysis diagram of the present invention's application in the BiVO4 photocatalytic process. A represents the process of reactant absorption, catalytic conversion of reactants to products, and product desorption. [S] represents the concentration of the reactant (AR or Re). K1 is the adsorption equilibrium constant. k1 is the conversion rate constant. k2 is the indirect desorption rate constant, k2 is the reabsorption equilibrium constant, and k3 is the direct desorption rate constant. Within the voltage range of -0.4V to 2.0V, B represents k1 for the oxidation and reduction reactions. C represents K1 for the oxidation and reduction reactions. D represents k2, k2, and k3 for the oxidation reaction. E represents k2, k2, and k3 for the reduction reaction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] As introduced in the background technology, due to the lack of electric field control devices suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, it is difficult for the present invention to realize the visualization of photocatalytic redox reactions on the surface of catalyst particles under different electric fields, and it is even more impossible to analyze the microscopic mechanism of electric field control by analyzing the single-molecule dynamics of redox reactions under the action of an external electric field.

[0036] In light of this, one embodiment of the present invention constructs an electric field control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The method includes: cleaning an ITO glass electrode 1; drilling the ITO glass electrode 1; incubating catalyst particles on the ITO glass electrode 1; assembling the ITO glass electrode 1; and controlling the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles using the electric field control device.

[0037] In a first aspect of the present invention, an electric field control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is constructed, and the method comprises:

[0038] --Cleaning treatment of the ITO glass electrode 1: In order to reduce the spontaneous fluorescence of dust and organic pollutants under the excitation light source and the background fluorescence caused by scattered light, the ITO glass electrode 1 is first thoroughly cleaned.

[0039] The specific method for cleaning the ITO glass electrode 1 is as follows: the ITO glass electrode 1 is independently immersed in glass cleaner and ultrasonically cleaned for three times for 20 minutes. After ultrasonically cleaning the ITO glass electrode 1 with glass cleaner, it is thoroughly rinsed with deionized water and then independently immersed in anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically cleaned for three times for 20 minutes. After ultrasonically cleaning the ITO glass electrode 1 with anhydrous ethanol and thoroughly rinsed with deionized water, it is placed on a clean bench rack, dried with nitrogen, and sealed for storage to prevent environmental dust contamination.

[0040] -- Punching of the ITO glass electrode 1: In order to provide a flow channel for the reaction solution, the 3 mm thick ITO glass electrode 1 is cleaned and then punched to form inlet / outlet holes (ie, through holes 3).

[0041] After cleaning, the ITO glass electrodes 1 were placed on a bench drill. The ITO glass electrodes 1 were marked and drilled at intervals of 2 cm. The holes had a diameter of 2 mm.

[0042] --Deposition of catalyst particles on the ITO glass electrode 1: In order to achieve the photocatalytic reaction, bismuth vanadate particles are in-situ deposited on the bottom of the fluid channel, that is, on the surface of the ITO glass electrode 1.

[0043] The 0.17 mm thick ITO glass electrode 1 was cleaned and placed in a clean glass dish, and 1 ml of a 3 mg / mL aqueous solution of catalyst particles was added dropwise. The ITO glass electrode 1 was placed in an oven at 90° C. in air overnight to solidify the catalyst particles.

[0044] --Assembly of ITO glass electrode 1: In order to realize the photocatalytic reaction, a micro reaction device is assembled by two ITO glass electrodes 1 and double-sided tape 2 etched with fluid channels.

[0045] The 0.17mm thick ITO glass electrode 1 serves as the bottom layer, the double-sided tape 2 etched with fluid channels serves as the middle layer, and the 3mm thick ITO glass electrode 1 serves as the top layer, forming a sandwich structure to form a miniature reaction device. The 3mm thick ITO glass electrode 1 is bonded with inlet / outlet conduits (i.e., flow guide tubes 4) at the punched holes to facilitate the flow of reaction solution into and out of the reaction channel. The ITO glass electrode 1 is bonded with electrode clips on the ITO coating surface to facilitate the application of bias voltage by a constant voltage power supply.

[0046] In a second aspect of the present invention, the aforementioned electric field control device is used to regulate the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of BiVO4 photocatalyst particles. By using single-molecule imaging and analysis under different electric fields, super-resolution spatial distribution changes and quantitative information on the reaction frequency of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles are obtained. Single-molecule dynamics analysis is then used to analyze the pathways for regulating the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles using electric fields.

[0047] Among them, the bias voltage modulation range of the electric field control device is -5V to 5V. The photocatalytic redox reactions occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles are the oxidation reaction of Amplex Red (AR) and the reduction reaction of Resazurin (Re). The products of the photocatalytic redox reaction are all Resorufin (Rf). The product can be excited by a 525nm laser to produce a fluorescence signal with a maximum emission wavelength of 590nm. The present invention can use the frequency and spatial distribution of the product's fluorescent single molecule to analyze the microscopic mechanism of the electric field's regulation of the photocatalytic redox reaction. The single-molecule fluorescence signal generated by the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of the BiVO4 photocatalyst particles is observed and analyzed by a self-built single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy system (patent CN202010115837.6).

[0048] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are intended to illustrate the present invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, any photochemical techniques not described in detail in the examples are conventional methods in the art. For specific operations, please refer to the photochemical technology guide or product instructions.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] Water splitting, which efficiently converts solar energy into hydrogen, is one of the most promising approaches to addressing energy and environmental challenges. However, photocatalytic efficiency remains suboptimal due to poor separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Fabricating photocatalysts with different crystal facets and exploiting the inherent electric field between them is considered an effective approach to drive charge carrier separation. In recent years, applying an external electric field to photocatalytic systems has attracted increasing attention as a more flexible and controllable strategy to improve charge carrier separation. However, electric field-assisted photocatalysis involves multiple processes: 1. generation of photogenerated charge carriers; 2. field-driven separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers; and 3. redox reactions involving photogenerated charge carriers on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, the efficiency of photocatalytic redox reactions on the catalyst surface is also influenced by substrate adsorption, substrate conversion, and product desorption. These processes are not only spatiotemporally dynamic but also involve microscopic surface reactions. A deeper understanding of the influence of electric fields on specific photocatalytic processes requires real-time, in situ characterization techniques.

[0051] Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy (SMFM) has high temporal and spatial resolution and can be used to reveal the microscopic mechanism of photocatalysis. The present invention monitors the hole-induced oxidation reaction of Amplex red and the electron-induced reduction reaction of Resazurin on the surface of a single BiVO4 crystal by a self-built single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence imaging system, and explores the regulation mechanism of electric field on photocatalysis. Through single-molecule level imaging of redox reactions, the present invention visualizes the spatial separation of photocatalytic redox reactions caused by the built-in electric field on different BiVO4 crystal surfaces. The direction and intensity of the external electric field can easily realize the photogenerated electrons (e - ) and photogenerated holes (h + ) separation and accumulation, thereby effectively controlling the activity of the photocatalytic redox reaction, resulting in the dynamic redistribution behavior of the photocatalytic redox reaction. In addition, the single-molecule dynamics of the redox reaction under an external electric field were further analyzed. The results show that the adsorption process is the rate-limiting step of the photocatalytic redox reaction and is not affected by the external electric field. The dynamic redistribution behavior of the photocatalytic redox reaction is caused by the external electric field regulating the catalytic conversion process and the desorption process. The regulatory mechanism of the external electric field on the photocatalytic redox reaction was further demonstrated by the photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen reaction (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, HER) assisted by an external electric field.

[0052] Experimental steps for construction:

[0053] --Construction of electric field control device: In order to realize the single-molecule level monitoring of the photocatalytic redox reaction on the BiVO4 surface, the present invention first constructed an electric field control device. It consists of a working electrode (WE, ITO glass electrode 1, 0.15mm thickness, 10Ωcm -2 ), Counter Electrode (CE, ITO glass electrode 1 electrode, 1.0 mm thickness, 10 Ω cm -2 ) and a microchannel (double-sided tape 2, 2.0 cm × 5.0 mm × 150 μm). The liquid channel is formed by a double-sided tape 2 strip sandwiched between two ITO glass electrodes 1. The present invention deposited the BiVO4 sample in a monodispersed state on the microchannel substrate and fixed it at 90°C overnight.

[0054] Single-molecule fluorescence imaging of photocatalytic redox reactions on the surface of BiVO4 particles:

[0055] A solution containing 500 nM of a specific fluorescent probe (AR: Amplex Red) and 5 mM of a photogenerated carrier scavenger (photogenerated electron scavenger in AR solution: MV 2+ The reaction solution of photogenerated hole scavenger: CH3OH in Re solution was continuously pumped into the liquid channel of the photoelectrochemical reaction cell (flow rate was 67 μL min -1 ). Under ultraviolet light (LED, 365nm), a photocatalytic redox reaction occurs on the BiVO4 surface to generate a catalytic product (Rf). A 561nm laser excites Rf to emit a fluorescence signal (the maximum emission wavelength is 590nm). When a bias voltage (V) is applied to WE, an electric field will be generated between WE and CE. By regulating the magnitude and direction of the bias voltage on the working electrode, the construction of an electric field with controllable magnitude and direction between the two electrodes is achieved. The fluorescence signal generated by Rf is collected using a 100× oil objective lens (HCX PL APO 100×0.47oil) and imaged using sCMOS (imaging rate is 30ms frame -1 );

[0056] All collected experimental data and single fluorescence images were processed using MetaMorph analysis software (Molecular Devices). The original single-molecule fluorescence time traces were processed by a 10% low-pass filter and the single-molecule signal was screened by setting a threshold.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent replacements for parts thereof. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solution of the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric field in situ control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, characterized in that: include: Working electrode, counter electrode, microchannel, the working electrode and counter electrode are parallel electrode plates, the two electrode plates are bonded together by double-sided tape etched with microchannels to form a sandwich structure; the electrode plates are also provided with through holes and connected to the flow guide tube; The working electrode and the counter electrode are both ITO glass electrodes.

2. The electric field in situ control device for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific dimensions of the ITO glass electrode are: 2-3 cm in width, 4-5 cm in length, and 3-4 mm or 0.15-0.17 mm in thickness; Alternatively, the diameter of the through hole is 1-1.2 mm.

3. The electric field in situ control device for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the double-sided tape is 2.0-2.1 cm×5.0-5.1 mm×150-160 μm.

4. Use of the electric field in situ control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in single-molecule level quantitative detection during real-time in situ photocatalysis.

5. A method for constructing an electric field in situ control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: include: Clean the ITO glass electrode to meet the requirements of single-molecule imaging; The two cleaned ITO glass electrodes were punched and incubated with catalyst particles, respectively serving as the upper and lower electrodes of the electric field control device; Two ITO glass electrodes are assembled into a sandwich structure by bonding them with double-sided tape etched with channels, and a flow guide tube is connected to the ITO glass electrode with holes so that the channels in the sandwich structure can be pumped with the reaction solution.

6. The method for constructing an electric field in situ control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The specific method of the cleaning treatment is: using glass detergent and alcohol to repeatedly ultrasonically clean for 20-30 minutes, finally rinsing with water, drying with nitrogen, placing on a clean bench, and sealing for storage; Alternatively, in the catalyst incubation treatment of the ITO glass electrode, the ITO glass electrode used has a thickness of 0.15-0.17 mm, and the concentration of the catalyst particle aqueous solution is 3-4 mg / mL.

7. The method for constructing an electric field in situ control device suitable for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reaction solution includes: an oxidation reaction solution and a reduction reaction solution, respectively, a photogenerated electron scavenger MV in the AR solution 2+ and CH3OH, a photogenerated hole scavenger in Re solution.

8. Use of the electric field in situ control device for single-molecule super-resolution fluorescence microscopy according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in controlling the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of BiVO4 photocatalyst particles.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that By performing detection and analysis at the single-molecule level imaging under different electric fields, the super-resolution spatial distribution of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of BiVO4 photocatalyst particles was obtained.

10. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The electric field control device is used to analyze the activity of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of BiVO4 photocatalyst particles, and the frequency of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of BiVO4 photocatalyst particles under different electric fields is quantified; and the control pathway of the photocatalytic redox reaction occurring on the surface of BiVO4 photocatalyst particles under electric field control is analyzed through single-molecule dynamics analysis.

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