A dual-polarization radiation unit, antenna and base station

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-polarization radiation unit, an antenna and a base station, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication. The dual-polarization radiation unit comprises: a reflection plate, a high-frequency radiation unit and a low-frequency radiation unit; the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are fixed on the reflection plate; the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are both dual-polarization structures; the high-frequency radiation unit is nested in the low-frequency radiation unit to realize beam radiation in two frequency bands of high frequency and low frequency; the invention improves the transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability of signals and enhances the stability and reliability of communication links through the design of the dual-polarization structure; the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are nested together, so that the radiation unit can work simultaneously in two frequency bands of high frequency and low frequency, and support multiple application scenarios; through flexible signal processing capabilities, it can be applicable to various complex communication environments, and through the nested design, the space required for realizing dual-band radiation is reduced, so that it is convenient to be integrated into various devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular to a dual-polarization radiation unit, an antenna and a base station. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of communication technology, users' demands for mobile communication networks are increasing, especially in terms of data transmission rate, network coverage and connection stability. In the complex environment of mobile communications, signal attenuation, multipath effect and interference are becoming more and more prominent, which makes the signal reception quality of users in complex places such as cities and tunnels generally decline. Therefore, it is urgent to develop antennas that can effectively transmit signals and have high anti-interference capabilities.

[0003] For example, a patent application with publication number CN116995416A discloses a dual-polarized antenna, including an antenna unit, which includes a dielectric substrate, a metal patch and a microstrip line; the metal patch is arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and a first slot, a second slot, a third slot and a fourth slot are provided on the metal patch, and the four slots have the same size, the first slot and the third slot are arranged opposite to each other and connected to form a straight line, the second slot and the fourth slot are arranged opposite to each other and connected to form a straight line, and then the two straight lines form a cross shape, and the four intersection angles formed are all right angles; the microstrip line is arranged on the other surface of the dielectric substrate, and a feeding point is arranged at one end of the microstrip line, and a radio frequency signal is fed into the feeding point, and the radio frequency signal is output from the other end of the microstrip line and then input into the four slots to generate a linearly polarized electric field.

[0004] The above patents have the problems raised by this background technology: the existing antennas are difficult to cope with the complex electromagnetic environment brought about by the climate environment, resulting in poor signal anti-interference ability; due to limited space resources, traditional antenna systems are large in size and have a single working frequency band, and cannot adapt to complex working environments, miniaturization and the actual needs of multi-band wide-beam radiation; to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a dual-polarization radiation unit, antenna and base station. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a dual-polarized radiation unit, an antenna and a base station, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology. The specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A dual-polarization radiation unit, comprising:

[0007] Reflector, high frequency radiation unit and low frequency radiation unit;

[0008] The high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are fixed on the reflection plate;

[0009] The high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are both dual-polarization structures;

[0010] The high-frequency radiation unit is nested in the low-frequency radiation unit to achieve beam radiation in both high-frequency and low-frequency frequency bands.

[0011] Specifically, the low-frequency radiation unit includes:

[0012] 4 radiating arms, a plurality of electromagnetic wave-transmitting structures, 2 power dividers, a first feeding structure and a grounding portion;

[0013] The four radiation arms adopt a centrally symmetrical structure and are vertically placed on the reflector;

[0014] Every two non-adjacent radiating arms are connected to one of the power dividers to form a dual-polarization structure;

[0015] A plurality of electromagnetic wave-transmitting structures are arranged on each radiation arm;

[0016] One end of the radiation arm is connected to the ground portion to form a short-circuit point, and the other end forms a free end;

[0017] The first feeding structure includes a feeding point and a feeding line, which are used to provide a radio frequency signal to the radiating arm, wherein the feeding point is arranged on the free end of the radiating arm, and the feeding line is used to introduce the radio frequency signal from the outside into the feeding point.

[0018] Specifically, the radiation arm adopts an inverted F structure.

[0019] Specifically, the electromagnetic wave-transmitting structure adopts a metal grid structure, and the metal grid structure is a cross-wire hole array structure with double connecting arms.

[0020] Specifically, the power divider is a one-to-two power divider with equal amplitude and opposite phase.

[0021] Specifically, the high-frequency radiation unit includes:

[0022] two high-frequency radiators and a second feeding structure;

[0023] The two high-frequency radiators are orthogonal to each other and are vertically placed in the center of the reflector to form a dual-polarization structure;

[0024] The second feeding structure adopts a feeding branch structure and is arranged at the intersection of two high-frequency radiators.

[0025] Specifically, the high-frequency radiator adopts a half-wave dipole structure, and a plurality of vibrator arms extend from the center of the high-frequency radiator body to the periphery.

[0026] Specifically, each of the plurality of dipole arms is bent toward the reflection plate to form a bent portion.

[0027] An antenna comprises at least one independent array formed by the dual-polarization radiation unit.

[0028] A base station comprises the above-mentioned antenna.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The present invention can generate horizontally and vertically polarized electromagnetic wave signals through the low-frequency radiation unit and the high-frequency radiation unit of the dual-polarization structure, so as to adapt to the communication requirements of different frequency bands. The dual-polarization structure design can improve the transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability of the signal, and enhance the stability and reliability of the communication link. The high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are nested together, so that the radiation unit can work simultaneously in the high-frequency and low-frequency bands, supporting a variety of application scenarios. The reflector can effectively focus and enhance the radiation signal, improve the directivity and coverage of the radiation, and thus achieve better signal strength in a specific area. The present invention can be applicable to various complex communication environments through flexible signal processing capabilities, and the nested design reduces the space required for dual-band radiation, so that it is convenient to be integrated into various devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A top view of a dual-polarization radiation unit of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a side view of a dual-polarization radiation unit of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 is a top view of the low-frequency radiation unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a side view of the low-frequency radiation unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a metal mesh structure in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the crosshair hole array structure of the double connecting arm in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the bandpass filtering effect achieved by the cross-wire hole array structure in Example 1 of the present invention in the terahertz band;

[0038] Figure 8 A graph showing the relationship between the center frequency allowed to pass by the crosshair hole array structure in Example 1 of the present invention and the length of the crosshair hole line;

[0039] Fig. 9 It is a side view of the high-frequency radiation unit in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure numerals: 1. reflection plate; 2. low-frequency radiation unit; 3. high-frequency radiation unit; 4. radiation arm; 5. power divider; 6. electromagnetic wave-transmitting structure; 7. grounding part; 8. feeding point; 9. feeding line; 10. high-frequency radiator; 11. second feeding structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0043] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a dual-polarization radiation unit, such as Figure 1 As shown, the dual-polarization radiation unit comprises:

[0046] Reflector 1, high frequency radiation unit 3 and low frequency radiation unit 2;

[0047] The high-frequency radiation unit 3 and the low-frequency radiation unit 2 are fixed on the reflection plate 1;

[0048] The high-frequency radiation unit 3 and the low-frequency radiation unit 2 are both dual-polarization structures;

[0049] The high-frequency radiation unit 3 is nested in the low-frequency radiation unit 2 to achieve beam radiation in both high-frequency and low-frequency frequency bands.

[0050] Since the operating frequency band of the traditional antenna system is relatively single and can only work within a fixed frequency band, it cannot adapt to the needs of multi-band signals. The present embodiment provides a dual-polarized radiation unit combining a high-frequency radiation unit 3 and a low-frequency radiation unit 2, which can simultaneously meet the high-frequency and low-frequency frequency range signal radiation. Generally, the frequency range of high-frequency signals is 3MHz to 30MHz, and the frequency range of low-frequency signals is 30KHz to 300KHz. This structural design can meet the needs of modern communication systems for multi-band and multi-polarization signals and support a variety of application scenarios.

[0051] In this embodiment, Figure 1 The present invention is a top view of a dual-polarization radiation unit, which is composed of a reflector 1, a low-frequency radiation unit 2 and a high-frequency radiation unit 3. The reflector 1 is responsible for reflecting and enhancing the signal emitted by the radiation unit. The reflector 1 usually uses a metal material with good electrical conductivity and reflection performance, such as aluminum or copper, to maximize the radiation efficiency and directivity of the signal; the high-frequency radiation unit 3 can efficiently radiate high-frequency electromagnetic waves to generate high-frequency signals in the GHz frequency band. By setting a dual-polarization structure in the high-frequency radiation unit 3, the availability and flexibility of the signal can be increased; the low-frequency radiation unit 2 is used to generate signals in a lower frequency band, usually in the MHz frequency band. Similarly, a dual-polarization structure is set in the low-frequency radiation unit 2 to support multiple signal types; to ensure effective radiation in the low-frequency band, the size of the low-frequency radiation unit 2 is generally larger, such as a loop antenna or a dipole antenna, and the smaller high-frequency radiation unit 3 is nested in the larger low-frequency radiation unit 2 to form a highly integrated structure, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the overall structure and meets the wide-beam radiation in both high and low frequency bands.

[0052] Figure 2It is a side view of a dual-polarization radiation unit of the present invention. The low-frequency radiation unit 2 and the high-frequency radiation unit 3 share a reflector 1 to achieve a compact design. The low-frequency radiation unit 2 adopts a dual-polarization structure design and is in the shape of an open bowl. The high-frequency radiation unit 3 is small in size and nested in the low-frequency radiation unit 2. Through this nested design, the radiation units of two different frequency bands can effectively coexist and work together. When the system is working, the transmission source first sends a signal, and the low-frequency and high-frequency signals are processed by the low-frequency radiation unit 2 and the high-frequency radiation unit 3 respectively. The processed electromagnetic waves are radiated outward through dual polarization. Due to the presence of the reflector 1, the signal is enhanced and concentrated in a specific direction, thereby improving the effective propagation range and quality of the signal. The dual-polarization structure allows the antenna to radiate horizontal and vertical polarized signals at the same time, thereby improving the signal's anti-interference ability. Through the nested design of the high-frequency radiation unit 3 and the low-frequency radiation unit 2, the required physical space can be reduced, and installation and deployment are convenient; the dual-polarization design enables it to maintain good performance in different environments, with stronger adaptability, and can meet the requirements of different users and devices.

[0053] The present invention can generate horizontally and vertically polarized electromagnetic wave signals through the low-frequency radiation unit 2 and the high-frequency radiation unit 3 of the dual-polarization structure to adapt to the communication needs of different frequency bands. The design of the dual-polarization structure can improve the transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability of the signal, and enhance the stability and reliability of the communication link; the high-frequency radiation unit 3 and the low-frequency radiation unit 2 are nested together, so that the radiation unit can work simultaneously in the high-frequency and low-frequency bands, supporting a variety of application scenarios; the reflector 1 can effectively focus and enhance the radiation signal, improve the directivity and coverage of the radiation, and thus achieve better signal strength in a specific area; the present invention can be applicable to various complex communication environments through flexible signal processing capabilities, and the nested design reduces the space required to achieve dual-band radiation, making it convenient to integrate into various devices.

[0054] Furthermore, the low-frequency radiation unit 2 includes:

[0055] Four radiating arms 4, a plurality of electromagnetic wave-transmitting structures 6, two power dividers 5, a first feeding structure and a grounding portion 7;

[0056] The four radiation arms 4 adopt a centrally symmetrical structure and are vertically placed on the reflection plate 1;

[0057] Every two non-adjacent radiation arms 4 are connected to one of the power dividers 5 to form a dual-polarization structure;

[0058] A plurality of electromagnetic wave-transmitting structures 6 are arranged on each radiation arm 4;

[0059] One end of the radiation arm 4 is connected to the ground portion 7 to form a short-circuit point, and the other end forms a free end;

[0060] The first feeding structure includes a feeding point 8 and a feeding line 9, which are used to provide a radio frequency signal to the radiating arm 4, wherein the feeding point 8 is arranged near the free end of the radiating arm 4, and the feeding line 9 is used to introduce the radio frequency signal from the outside into the feeding point 8.

[0061] In this embodiment, Figure 3 It is a top view of a low-frequency radiation unit 2, which consists of four radiation arms 4, multiple electromagnetic wave-transmitting structures 6, two power dividers 5, a first feeding structure and a grounding portion 7. The four radiation arms 4 are designed with a centrally symmetrical structure and are placed vertically on a reflector 1. The radiation arms 4 are used to generate electromagnetic waves. Low-frequency radiation is achieved through this structural design. The length and shape of the radiation arms 4 are adjusted according to the required radiation characteristics to achieve different performance requirements. Every two non-adjacent radiation arms 4 are connected to a power divider 5, the first radiation arm and the third radiation arm are connected to the first power divider, and the radiation fields of the first radiation arm and the third radiation arm are superimposed to form a first polarization field. The second radiation arm and the fourth radiation arm are connected to the second power divider, and the radiation fields of the second radiation arm and the fourth radiation arm are superimposed to form a second polarization field, forming a dual-polarization structure. The power divider 5 can ensure uniform distribution of signals, and effectively achieve the phase relationship between different radiation arms to achieve a dual-polarization structure design.

[0062] Specifically, Figure 4 It is a side view of the low-frequency radiation unit 2. A plurality of electromagnetic wave-transparent structures 6 are arranged on each radiation arm 4. The electromagnetic wave-transparent structures 6 are used to enhance the radiation capability of the radiation arm 4 to electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band, and optimize the radiation and reception of signals by changing the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic wave-transparent structures 6 can help improve the gain and bandwidth of the antenna and ensure effective operation in different low-frequency bands. One end of the radiation arm 4 is connected to the grounding portion 7 to form a short-circuit point, which helps to enhance the resonance and mode characteristics of the antenna, and the other end forms a free end. The grounding structure not only affects the radiation mode, but also improves the radiation efficiency and reduces noise and interference. The first feeding structure includes a feeding point 8 and a feeding line 9. The feeding point 8 is located near the free end of the radiation arm 4 and can feed the signal under the condition of effective radiation. The RF signal is transmitted to the feeding point 8 through the feeding line 9. The feeding point 8 introduces the RF signal into the free end of the radiating arm 4. The power divider 5 evenly distributes the input RF power to every two non-adjacent radiating arms 4 to form a dual-polarization structure. The dual-polarization structure design enables the radiating arm 4 to simultaneously support horizontal and vertical polarized signal radiation. After the RF signal is applied to each radiating arm 4, the electromagnetic wave generated is enhanced and radiated through the electromagnetic wave-transmitting structure 6. The radiating arm 4 is short-circuited with the grounding portion 7 to form a stable reference potential. Through grounding, the radiating arm 4 can work more effectively within the set frequency band.

[0063] Specifically, through multiple electromagnetic wave-transmitting structures 6 and the radiation arm 4 with a dual-polarization structure, the low-frequency radiation unit 2 can achieve good radiation efficiency in multiple frequency bands, thereby enhancing the transmission distance and quality of the signal; through the connection of the power divider 5, the radiation unit can simultaneously process signals in the horizontal and vertical directions, which not only improves the flexibility of the system, but also enhances the anti-interference ability; the design of the grounding part 7 provides a stable potential for the system, making the radiation arm 4 work more stably and ensuring the reliability of the signal quality under different environmental conditions; the flexible design of the radiation arm 4 and the electromagnetic wave-transmitting structure 6 enables the low-frequency radiation unit 2 to be adjusted and optimized according to specific application requirements to meet the use requirements of various occasions.

[0064] Furthermore, the radiation arm 4 adopts an inverted F structure.

[0065] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, each radiating arm 4 adopts an inverted F structure, the grounding part is connected to the grounding portion 7, the vertical feeding arm and the horizontal radiating arm are connected to the feeding point 8, and the inverted F structure is usually composed of a vertical feeding arm, a horizontal radiating arm and a short-circuit arm of the grounding part, and its shape is similar to the letter "F". The design of the inverted F structure enables it to have good radiation performance and can effectively transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in a relatively small size; through the size and shape design, the inverted F radiating arm 4 can achieve resonance at a specific frequency, and different sizes can achieve different frequency functions. The size of each part of the inverted F radiating arm 4 can be determined according to the following formula:

[0066] ;

[0067] In the formula, is the length of the radiation arm 4, is the short-circuit arm height, is the free space operating wavelength, is the relative dielectric constant. When a radio frequency signal is applied to the inverted-F radiation arm 4, the feeding arm and the radiation arm 4 together form a resonant circuit, which can effectively radiate signals within a specific frequency band. The grounding part provides a stable reference potential for the inverted-F radiation arm 4, and the energy transmission efficiency between the antenna and the feeding line can be maximized through impedance matching. When one end of the radiation arm 4 is grounded, a short-circuit point is formed, which can reduce the radiation noise and enhance the directivity of the antenna, so that the signal is mainly radiated in a specific direction.

[0068] Specifically, the inverted-F radiation arm 4 can achieve a compact design, so that it can achieve good radiation performance in a limited space, and is suitable for the application of small products such as mobile phones and Internet of Things devices; even in a smaller size, the inverted-F radiation arm 4 can still provide good gain and directivity, and is suitable for a variety of application scenarios, such as wireless communication and data transmission; by adjusting the design of the radiation arm 4 and the feeding point 8, the inverted-F radiation arm 4 can adapt to the operating requirements of multiple frequency bands and meet the needs of communication equipment for multi-band signals. Due to the structural characteristics of the inverted-F radiation arm 4, the relatively low radiation noise and its ground connection can effectively suppress interference signals and improve the transmission quality and reliability of the signal.

[0069] Furthermore, the electromagnetic wave-transmitting structure 6 adopts a metal grid structure, and the metal grid structure is a cross-wire hole array structure with double connecting arms.

[0070] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave-transmitting structure 6 adopts a metal grid structure, such as Figure 5 As shown, the metal grid structure is composed of multiple metal strips or rings arranged at uniform intervals to form a grid-like plane. These metal strips are usually made of highly conductive materials, such as copper or aluminum, and have good electromagnetic reflection and conductivity properties. The periodic characteristics of the metal grid enable it to regulate electromagnetic waves. When electromagnetic waves are incident on the grid structure, part of the waves will be reflected and part of the waves will penetrate the grid. By designing the spacing and shape of the grid, transmission in a specific frequency band can be achieved. The metal grid structure can be designed to have a "bandgap" characteristic for electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency range, which means that at certain frequencies, electromagnetic waves cannot pass through the structure. Selective response to different frequency bands can be achieved by adjusting the size and spacing of the grid. The design of the metal grid can affect the radiation pattern of the signal on the antenna, thereby improving the gain and directivity of the antenna. The design of the grid structure can suppress electromagnetic interference to a certain extent, so that the device can maintain high signal quality and stability in complex environments.

[0071] Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the metal grid structure is designed as a crosshair hole array structure with double connecting arms, and the distance relationship between the metal wires of the metal grid structure is:

[0072] ;

[0073] In the formula, represents the period of the crosshair holes of the double connecting arm, represents the width of the metal wire, In the embodiment of the present application, the crosshair hole array structure of the dual connecting arms provided has a bandpass filtering characteristic. Specifically, the present application numerically analyzes the filtering characteristics of the metal mesh structure of the crosshair hole array structure of the dual connecting arms provided in the present application in the terahertz band based on the finite difference time domain method. When the line width of the crosshair hole of the dual connecting arm is , when the line length , simulating its transmission characteristics in the range of 0.1~3THz, such as Figure 7 As shown, the bandpass filtering effect of the crosshair hole array structure in the terahertz band is obtained. The results show that the crosshair hole array structure with double connecting arms realizes the bandpass filtering characteristics in the terahertz band.

[0074] On this basis, the crosshair hole array structure of the double connecting arm provided in the present application also has the function of filtering to meet different filtering requirements. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the line width of the crosshair hole of the double connecting arm can be fixed. , change the line length successively ,like Figure 8 As shown, the relationship between the center frequency allowed to pass by the crosshair hole array structure and the change of the crosshair hole line length is obtained. The results show that with the increase of the crosshair hole line length, the center frequency allowed to pass by the crosshair hole moves toward the low-frequency direction. Therefore, the line length and line width of the crosshair hole can be set according to actual needs to meet different filtering requirements.

[0075] Specifically, the interaction between electromagnetic waves and the grid structure can be enhanced through the design of double connecting arms. In addition to being able to generate high-order resonance modes, it can also effectively widen the effective frequency band, thereby improving the high-bandpass filtering characteristics; this array can effectively form multiple electromagnetic wave propagation paths, and by adjusting the line length and line width of the crosshair holes, the frequency response of the structure can be flexibly adjusted to meet different filtering requirements; this structural design can minimize the reflection loss of electromagnetic waves and improve the efficiency of the system, especially in communication and sensing systems; the double connecting arm crosshair hole array structure using a metal grid helps to improve filtering performance while meeting diverse application requirements.

[0076] Furthermore, the power divider 5 is a one-to-two power divider with equal amplitude and opposite phase.

[0077] In this embodiment, the power divider 5 adopts an equal-amplitude inverted one-to-two power divider. The equal-amplitude inverted power divider is usually composed of a transmission line and an appropriate impedance matching network to ensure good signal transmission between the input and the output. When a specified RF signal is input to the power divider 5, the power divider 5 evenly distributes the signal to two output ends. For an equal-amplitude power divider, this means that the power received by each output end is approximately equal, usually half of the input power. In an inverted power divider, the signal phases of the two output ends differ by 180 degrees. This phase difference enables interference and phase adjustment in certain applications to support specific antenna arrays or system configurations. In order to effectively transmit signals, each port of the power divider 5 usually needs to be impedance matched (for example, 50Ω) to minimize reflection losses and improve the required efficiency. The radiating arm 4 is fed by the equal-amplitude inverted one-to-two power divider to achieve orthogonal dual-polarization radiation. The design structure of the equal-amplitude inverting power divider is usually simple and easy to integrate with other RF components, which helps to simplify the design of the entire communication system; when used in conjunction with an antenna array or a transmitting / receiving device, the power divider 5 can improve the flexibility and reliability of the system.

[0078] Furthermore, the high-frequency radiation unit 3 includes:

[0079] Two high-frequency radiators 10 and a second feeding structure 11;

[0080] The two high-frequency radiators 10 are orthogonal to each other and are vertically placed in the center of the reflector 1 to form a dual-polarization structure;

[0081] The second feeding structure 11 adopts a feeding branch structure and is arranged at the intersection of two high-frequency radiators 10 .

[0082] In this embodiment, Fig. 9It is a side view of the high-frequency radiation unit 3. The high-frequency radiation unit 3 is composed of two high-frequency radiators 10 and a second feeding structure 11. The high-frequency radiator 10 is used to transmit and receive high-frequency electromagnetic waves and can effectively radiate signals within a specific frequency band. The two high-frequency radiators 10 are placed in an orthogonal structure, and the two high-frequency radiators 10 deviate from the intersection angle by 90 degrees. This structural design helps to form a dual-polarization signal and can simultaneously transmit horizontally and vertically polarized electromagnetic waves. Each high-frequency radiator 10 will generate an electromagnetic field under the excitation signal and radiate it through the beam. The orthogonal structure enables them to work independently without interfering with each other. The second feeding structure 11 introduces external RF signals into the high-frequency radiator 10. The feeding branch structure can help balance the signal strength and phase of each high-frequency radiator 10. The feeding branch is set at the intersection of the two high-frequency radiators 10, which can effectively balance the feeding signal. At the same time, impedance matching is achieved through a suitable feeding network to reduce reflection loss. The feeding branch structure distributes the input signal to the two high-frequency radiators 10, so that each high-frequency radiator 10 can receive a reasonable signal and radiate it effectively.

[0083] Specifically, the external RF signal enters the second feeding structure 11 through the feed line 9, and the feeding branch supplies the signal to two mutually orthogonal high-frequency radiators 10. When the signal propagates to each high-frequency radiator 10, each high-frequency radiator 10 will generate corresponding electromagnetic waves; these electromagnetic waves will propagate in a specific direction in space, thereby realizing the radiation of dual-polarized signals; due to the mutually orthogonal arrangement of the two high-frequency radiators 10, they can work independently in the same frequency band and effectively emit signals of different polarization directions; through the structural design of the feeding branch, the second feeding structure 11 can ensure that the signal strength and phase of each high-frequency radiator 10 reach the optimal state, thereby improving the radiation efficiency and performance of the entire system. Fig. 9 The feeding branch is a “Γ” type feeding branch. The design of this feeding branch can avoid feeding short circuit and ensure the dual-polarization radiation characteristics of the high-frequency radiator 10.

[0084] Specifically, the orthogonally arranged high-frequency radiators 10 enable the high-frequency radiation unit 3 to simultaneously transmit horizontally and vertically polarized signals, thereby enhancing the flexibility and adaptability of the system; the second feeding structure 11 ensures the consistency of radiation intensity by balancing the input signals of different high-frequency radiators 10, thereby reducing the distortion and loss of the signal during the transmission process; the structural design of the high-frequency radiator 10 and the second feeding structure 11 improves its radiation efficiency, enables better signal propagation performance in the high-frequency band, and improves the signal gain and transmission range; this structural design not only has good performance, but also simplifies the design and manufacture of the antenna system, reduces the overall cost and is easy to integrate into the equipment.

[0085] Furthermore, the high-frequency radiator 10 adopts a half-wave dipole structure, and a plurality of oscillator arms extend from the center of the high-frequency radiator 10 to the periphery.

[0086] In this embodiment, the high-frequency radiator 10 adopts a half-wave dipole structure. The half-wave dipole antenna is usually composed of two radiating arms 4 of equal length, and the length of each radiating arm 4 is about half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. Through this structural design, the antenna can effectively resonate at a specific frequency. When a high-frequency signal is applied to the half-wave dipole structure, the signal generates an alternating current on the radiating arm 4, thereby forming a corresponding electromagnetic field. The fluctuations of these electromagnetic fields will radiate in space, emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves to the outside, thereby realizing signal transmission; the half-wave dipole structure has good resonance characteristics. When the length of the radiator matches the wavelength of the radiated frequency, the radiation efficiency of the antenna will be significantly improved, so that the dipole structure antenna usually has a higher gain and good directivity; by extending multiple dipole arms, the effective surface area of ​​the antenna can be increased, and its electromagnetic field response capability can be enhanced. This structure can also form a complex radiation pattern through interaction.

[0087] Specifically, the radiator of the half-wave dipole structure has a high radiation efficiency within the design frequency range, and can effectively convert the input radio frequency signal into a radiated electromagnetic wave; due to the design characteristics of the dipole arm, the half-wave dipole can operate in a wider frequency band than a simple dipole antenna, which makes it more adaptable in a variety of applications; the half-wave dipole structure can usually provide better gain and has a certain directionality, which is suitable for directional signal transmission scenarios. For example, in an antenna array, this design can help concentrate radiation energy and improve signal transmission efficiency; by adjusting the length and spacing of the radiating arm 4, the operating frequency and radiation pattern of the dipole can be optimized to ensure that it meets the needs of different applications. This flexibility enables it to adapt to different environmental conditions and communication requirements; due to the design of multiple dipole arms, the half-wave dipole structure can better cope with multipath propagation phenomena and increase the reliability and stability of signal reception.

[0088] Furthermore, each of the plurality of dipole arms is bent toward the reflection plate 1 to form a bent portion.

[0089] In this embodiment, if Fig. 9The end of each dipole arm is bent toward the direction of the reflector 1 to form a bend. The effective shape of the high-frequency radiator 10 is changed by bending, and the radiation performance is improved. By bending the dipole arm, the radiation mode of the antenna will change. The bend can change the distribution of the current and the intensity of the field, thereby affecting the radiation direction and gain of the electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna. The bend design enables the antenna to better direct or focus the signal and improve the radiation efficiency. The bend forms a more effective reflected electric field coupling by being close to the reflector 1. The presence of the reflector 1 can enhance the reflection of the signal, and the bend can enhance the radiation of electromagnetic waves. Due to the presence of the bend, the effective length of the antenna is increased, which can improve the resonance characteristics of the antenna within the working frequency band.

[0090] Specifically, the bend allows the antenna to be better coupled to the reflector 1, which can enhance the radiation gain of the signal and improve the overall performance of the antenna; by adjusting the angle of the dipole arm and the position of the bend, the antenna can achieve higher directivity and have a stronger ability to send and receive signals in a specific direction, which is beneficial to directional communication; the design of the bend can effectively increase the radiation level within a limited space, which is beneficial to miniaturized design and application in portable devices; by adjusting the bend angle and length, the antenna can be designed for a variety of frequency bands and communication applications, and flexibly respond to different wireless communication needs; with appropriate design and adjustment, the bend can improve the impedance matching of the antenna, reduce signal reflection loss, and thus improve overall energy efficiency.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] This embodiment provides an antenna, comprising at least one independent array composed of the dual-polarization radiation units.

[0093] In this embodiment, multiple dual-polarization radiating units are arranged in the form of an array, and beamforming is achieved by adjusting the phase and amplitude. The array antenna can improve the gain of the signal and can dynamically adjust the direction of transmitting and receiving signals; the dual-polarization antenna can simultaneously receive and transmit signals of different polarizations, thereby greatly improving the efficiency and reliability of data transmission, and can utilize more available information in the same frequency band; because the dual-polarization radiating unit can effectively deal with multipath effects and mutual interference, the antenna using the dual-polarization radiating unit performs better in complex environments and provides more stable signal quality; the antenna array with dual polarization has better adaptability in different application scenarios, such as being able to maintain good communication quality under changing usage conditions such as urban environments and high-speed mobile scenarios; by using dual-polarization technology, the antenna system can achieve higher capacity in the same space and increase the utilization of space resources.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] This embodiment provides a base station, including the antenna described in Embodiment 2.

[0096] In this embodiment, the base station includes the dual-polarized antenna, and the signal processing unit of the base station can analyze and separate the signals received from the dual-polarized antenna. Using the characteristics of the antenna array, the base station can achieve beam forming through phase adjustment and amplitude control. Since the dual-polarized antenna allows the simultaneous processing of signals of two polarizations, the network capacity of the base station can be improved, and more users and higher data transmission rates can be supported under the same frequency resources. By adopting the dual-polarized antenna, the base station can provide a more uniform coverage effect, and signals of different polarizations can effectively fill the gaps in the coverage area, ensuring that users can obtain good signal quality at different locations. The dual-polarized antenna design can alleviate the problem of co-channel interference. Since different polarization modes can form independent signal channels, the interference caused by signal overlap can be effectively reduced, and the signal stability and anti-interference capability can be enhanced.

[0097] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dual-polarization radiation unit, characterized in that: include: Reflector, high frequency radiation unit and low frequency radiation unit; The low-frequency radiation unit comprises: 4 radiation arms, a plurality of electromagnetic wave-transmitting structures, 2 power dividers, a first feeding structure and a grounding part; The four radiation arms adopt a centrally symmetrical structure and are vertically placed on the reflector; Every two non-adjacent radiating arms are connected to one of the power dividers to form a dual-polarization structure; A plurality of electromagnetic wave-transmitting structures are arranged on each radiation arm; One end of the radiation arm is connected to the ground portion to form a short-circuit point, and the other end forms a free end; The first feeding structure includes a feeding point and a feeding line, which are used to provide a radio frequency signal to the radiating arm, wherein the feeding point is arranged on a free end of the radiating arm, and the feeding line is used to introduce the radio frequency signal from the outside to the feeding point; The high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are fixed on the reflection plate; The high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit are both dual-polarization structures; The high-frequency radiation unit is nested in the low-frequency radiation unit to achieve beam radiation in both high-frequency and low-frequency frequency bands.

2. A dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation arm adopts an inverted F structure.

3. A dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic wave-transmitting structure adopts a metal grid structure, and the metal grid structure is a cross-wire hole array structure with double connecting arms.

4. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power divider is a one-to-two power divider with equal amplitude and opposite phase.

5. The dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-frequency radiation unit comprises: two high-frequency radiators and a second feeding structure; The two high-frequency radiators are orthogonal to each other and are vertically placed in the center of the reflector to form a dual-polarization structure; The second feeding structure adopts a feeding branch structure and is arranged at the intersection of two high-frequency radiators.

6. A dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-frequency radiator adopts a half-wave dipole structure, and a plurality of vibrator arms are extended from the center of the main body of the high-frequency radiator to the periphery.

7. A dual-polarization radiation unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the plurality of dipole arms is bent toward the reflection plate to form a bent portion.

8. An antenna, characterized in that: The antenna comprises at least one independent array composed of dual-polarized radiation units as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A base station, characterized in that: The base station comprises an antenna as claimed in claim 8.

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