Preparation method and application of high-cost-performance alloy

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a high-cost-performance alloy, and belongs to the technical field of alloy manufacturing. The alloy raw materials comprise iron powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder, titanium carbide powder and tungsten carbide powder, the component proportion of the alloy raw materials is optimized, a refined preparation process is adopted, and the treatment steps of multi-stage ball milling, spray drying, vacuum sintering and annealing and optimized parameters are set in the preparation process; and the uniformity and compactness of the alloy are ensured. In the field of manufacturing of iron-containing low-grade mowing blades and woodworking blades, the alloy performance requirement is met, meanwhile, the cost is effectively reduced, the cost performance of products is improved through the cost advantage, and enterprises can more smoothly expand the market.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy manufacturing, and relates to a preparation method and application of a high cost-effective alloy. Background Art

[0002] In the current fierce market competition environment, manufacturers of iron-containing low-grade mowing blades and woodworking blades are facing major challenges. With the increase of participants in the industry, product homogeneity is serious, leading to fierce price competition. However, the cost of traditional materials is high. How to reduce the cost of production while ensuring product performance is a problem currently faced by enterprises.

[0003] Therefore, developing an alloy material that can meet performance requirements and has cost advantages has become an urgent task in the industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and to propose a preparation method and application of a cost-effective alloy.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A method for preparing a high cost-effective alloy comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1 ball milling: Add the alloy raw materials into the ball milling equipment filled with anhydrous ethanol and perform ball milling to obtain the ball milled mixed material.

[0007] The ball milling operation is divided into three stages, namely, preliminary grinding, medium fine grinding and final fine grinding;

[0008] The alloy raw materials include iron powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder, titanium carbide powder and tungsten carbide powder; the iron powder can pass through a 300-mesh sieve, and the carbon content of the iron powder is 0.86%; the particle size of the cobalt powder is 1-2um; the particle size of the nickel powder is 1-2um; the particle size of the titanium carbide is 2-3um; the particle size of the tungsten carbide is 2-3um;

[0009] In the alloy raw materials, according to the weight ratio, iron powder: cobalt powder: nickel powder: titanium carbide powder: tungsten carbide powder is 15:2.5:2.5:20:60; according to the mass volume ratio, the weight of the alloy raw materials: the volume of anhydrous ethanol is 300-310kg:95-100L;

[0010] Ball milling effect: Particle size reduction: Ball milling can grind large particles of alloy raw materials into finer powders, increase the surface area, and the refined particles help improve the uniformity and performance of the alloy. Uniform mixing: During the ball milling process, powders of different components will be constantly collided and rubbed, which can make the components fully mixed, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the alloy composition and ultimately forming consistent material properties.

[0011] The multi-stage ball milling process has significant advantages in alloy preparation, which can effectively improve material properties and reduce production costs. The specific benefits are as follows: 1. Gradually control the particle size refinement and improve the uniformity of the material: Preliminary grinding: In the initial stage, the main goal is to gradually reduce the particle size of the alloy raw materials from larger particles to medium levels. This step helps to quickly break large particles and improve the ball milling efficiency in subsequent stages. Medium fine grinding: This stage further refines the material particles through longer grinding and higher ball milling energy. Medium fine grinding helps to promote full mixing between different components while maintaining a reasonable particle size and improve the uniformity of the alloy. Final fine grinding: In the final stage, the particle size is further reduced; this stage makes the alloy powder particles very fine, increases the specific surface area, and helps to improve the density and strength of the alloy in subsequent sintering or other forming processes. Improve ball milling efficiency and save time and energy: 2. Phased optimization of energy use: Through staged ball milling, less energy is used for coarse grinding in the early stage, while higher energy density is used in the fine grinding stage. This strategy can maximize the effectiveness of ball milling equipment, avoid excessive energy consumption in the initial stage, and save production time and energy costs. 3. Reduce equipment wear and extend equipment life: Reduce mechanical load: Using larger particles and lower energy in the initial grinding stage can effectively reduce the impact and wear on the ball milling equipment, and avoid excessive burden on the equipment caused by one-time high-intensity grinding. The subsequent gradual increase in energy will help maintain the stable operation of the equipment, thereby extending the life of the equipment and reducing maintenance and replacement costs. 4. Improve mixing uniformity and ensure consistent alloy performance: Enhance the mixing effect of each component: Through multi-stage ball milling, iron powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder, titanium carbide powder and tungsten carbide powder are fully mixed during the ball milling process. At each stage, powders of different components will undergo repeated collisions, friction and refinement to make them evenly distributed, ensuring that the proportions of each component of the final alloy are consistent. This uniformity is an important factor in ensuring the consistency of alloy performance.

[0012] The reasons for using anhydrous ethanol include: Lubrication: Anhydrous ethanol can play a lubricating role in the ball milling process, reduce the friction between powders, help improve the efficiency of ball milling and reduce equipment wear. Reduce heat: During the ball milling process, the heat generated by friction may cause powder sintering or other adverse reactions. The liquid medium can absorb part of the heat and keep the material in a suitable temperature range. Improve mixing uniformity: The presence of anhydrous ethanol makes it easier to disperse the powders of each component during the ball milling process, helping to improve the uniformity of mixing.

[0013] S2 Drying: spray drying the ball milled mixed material to obtain a dry mixed material;

[0014] S3 pressing and molding: paraffin wax is selected as a molding agent, and the dry mixed material is pressed and molded by isostatic pressing technology and cold pressing to obtain a pre-sintered body; the weight ratio of paraffin wax to dry mixed material is 2.3-2.4:100; during the pressing and molding process, an anti-sticking layer is coated on the surface of the pressing mold;

[0015] Reasons for choosing paraffin wax: Good moldability: Paraffin wax has good fluidity at high temperatures and can effectively fill the shape of the mold. This property helps to form a uniform pre-sintered body during the pressing process, ensuring the density and structural consistency of the product.

[0016] Excellent demoulding property: Paraffin wax has stable chemical properties and good demoulding properties, which reduces adhesion to the mold during molding. This can reduce wear during compression molding, extend the service life of the mold, and reduce subsequent maintenance costs. Suitable adhesion: Paraffin wax can play a good bonding role at a certain temperature, allowing different particles to better combine and improve the strength of the molded body.

[0017] Molding effect: Uniform distribution: When the ratio of paraffin wax to dry mixed material is 2.3-2.4:100, paraffin wax can provide sufficient lubrication to ensure that the dry mixed material is evenly distributed in the mold, reducing the situation of local over-tightness or looseness, thereby improving the consistency of the product. Reduce stress concentration: The proportion of paraffin wax can effectively reduce the stress concentration of the material during the pressing process, reduce the risk of cracking or deformation, and improve the overall performance of the molded body.

[0018] Cost considerations: Reasonable material cost: Paraffin wax is cheaper than other molding agents (such as resins or polymers). Using paraffin wax as a molding agent can not only keep the material cost low, but also reduce the production cost to a certain extent, making the preparation of the alloy more economical. Effective dosage control: The ratio of 2.3-2.4:100 can effectively control the dosage of paraffin wax, avoiding the cost waste caused by excessive use, while still ensuring the molding effect. This control makes the production process more flexible and controllable.

[0019] Choosing paraffin as the molding agent and adopting a ratio of 2.3-2.4:100 can not only improve the molding effect and performance of the alloy, but also effectively control the cost, making the preparation process more economical and efficient.

[0020] S4 vacuum sintering: vacuum sintering the pre-sintered body in a vacuum sintering integrated furnace to obtain the alloy;

[0021] The specific steps of vacuum sintering operation are as follows: S4.1 Dewaxing: Dewaxing preheating stage: put the pre-sintered body into the vacuum sintering integrated furnace, heat the temperature in the furnace to 110-120℃, and keep it warm for T1; Dewaxing main stage: after the insulation is completed, heat it to 380-420℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min; the insulation time is T2, and inert gas is introduced in the dewaxing stage to promote the discharge of paraffin and prevent redeposition;

[0022] Preheating at 110-120℃: In this temperature range, paraffin can effectively soften and begin to volatilize, reducing the temperature shock in the subsequent temperature stage, thereby avoiding excessive thermal stress on the alloy raw materials and reducing the risk of cracking of the molded body.

[0023] 380-420℃ temperature range: within this temperature range, the paraffin will be completely removed.

[0024] The reasons for choosing a heating rate of 3-5℃ / min are as follows: 1. Reduce thermal stress and deformation: Control temperature changes: A slow heating rate helps prevent thermal stress concentration caused by rapid temperature changes and prevents deformation or cracking of alloy raw materials during heating. This uniform heating can maintain the structural integrity of the molded body. 2. Promote the effective volatilization of paraffin: Avoid bubble formation: If paraffin evaporates rapidly during heating, it may cause the formation and residue of bubbles, which will affect the density and uniformity of the alloy. A heating rate of 3-5℃ / min can ensure the gradual release of paraffin, thereby reducing the risk of bubble generation and ensuring the density of the alloy. 3. Optimize the microstructure of the alloy: Maintain phase stability: At a lower heating rate, alloy raw materials (such as iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium carbide and tungsten carbide) can maintain a stable microstructure for a longer time, reducing phase changes or precipitation caused by high temperature, which helps to maintain the overall performance of the alloy and avoid brittleness or inhomogeneity. 4. Improve the uniformity of the sintering process: Promote uniform distribution of materials: Slow heating can ensure that the temperature distribution of the alloy raw materials is more uniform during the entire heating process, which helps the overall sintering uniformity of the material, thereby improving the density and mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0025] S4.2 Main stage of vacuum sintering: Initial preheating stage: In an inert atmosphere, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 790-800°C at a heating rate of 4-5°C / min, and the holding time is T3; Intermediate heating stage: After the initial heating stage, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 1290-1300°C at a heating rate of 2-3°C / min, and the holding time is T4; Target heating stage: After the intermediate heating stage, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 1410-1420°C, and the holding time is T5. After the holding time is completed, the initial alloy is obtained;

[0026] The different heating stages are mainly related to the raw materials and expected physical and chemical properties of the alloy. The reasons for setting these specific temperatures are as follows: 790-800℃ initial preheating stage: The main purpose of this stage is to remove any organic matter that may remain in the alloy and ensure the initial sintering between the alloy powders. At this stage, the surface of the powder particles of the alloy begins to diffuse and adhere, but has not yet been completely sintered. This helps to form a preliminary mechanical connection between the powder particles and provide a better foundation for subsequent high-temperature sintering. 1290-1300℃ intermediate heating stage: At this stage, the main purpose is to promote the sintering of the main components in the alloy, especially titanium carbide and tungsten carbide. Tungsten carbide (WC) and titanium carbide (TiC) have high melting points (about 2870℃ and 3140℃, respectively), and although the temperature at this stage does not reach its melting point, it is enough to promote these cemented carbide components to achieve better bonding through diffusion in the solid state. This temperature range is key to achieving stronger chemical and mechanical bonding between the metal matrix of various components in the alloy, such as iron, cobalt and nickel, and the hard carbide particles (such as WC and TiC), which is crucial to improving the overall properties of the alloy, such as hardness and wear resistance. Target heating stage of 1410-1420℃: The selection of 1410-1420℃ as the final sintering temperature is a comprehensive decision based on the characteristics of the raw materials and performance and cost considerations. Sintering characteristics of raw materials: Both titanium carbide (TiC) and tungsten carbide (WC) used in the alloy have very high melting points (approximately 3140℃ and 2870℃, respectively). Although 1410-1420℃ is far below these melting points, this temperature is high enough to promote effective diffusion and chemical bonding between these hard carbides and the metal matrix (iron, cobalt, nickel). At this temperature, the hard carbides will not melt, but can combine with other metal atoms through solid-state diffusion to form a strong metal matrix network, enhancing the overall mechanical properties of the alloy. Cost-effectiveness: Sintering at or above the melting point of carbides will greatly increase energy consumption and equipment wear, so sintering at a lower temperature can effectively reduce production costs. Sintering at 1410-1420℃ can optimize energy and costs without sacrificing material properties. This temperature range provides an economically feasible method to achieve the desired sintering effect through reasonable temperature control. Performance optimization: Sintering at 1410-1420℃ can promote the bonding of carbides to the metal matrix and improve the density and uniformity of the material.

[0027] The different heating rates (4-5℃ / min and 2-3℃ / min) are determined according to the thermophysical properties and sintering behavior of the alloy raw materials for the following reasons: The heating rate of 4-5℃ / min in the initial preheating stage helps to uniformly heat the pre-sintered body and reduce the thermal stress caused by the temperature gradient. At this stage, due to the different thermal expansion coefficients between the alloy raw materials (especially iron powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder) and carbides (titanium carbide, tungsten carbide), the control of the temperature gradient is particularly important to avoid cracks or other structural defects inside the material.

[0028] The reason for setting the heating rate at 2-3℃ / min: The slow heating rate can make the temperature in the furnace more uniform, avoid local overheating or cooling, and promote uniform sintering of the material, thereby improving the mechanical properties and structural integrity of the final alloy.

[0029] The vacuum sintering integrated furnace used in the present invention integrates dewaxing, pre-sintering, vacuum sintering, and rapid cooling processes, and can complete the entire process in the furnace at one time. The vacuum sintering integrated furnace is composed of a stainless steel shell with a clamp, a working liner, a heater, an insulation layer, a thermocouple, a guide rail with rollers, three electrodes, and a rapid cooling device. In addition, the dewaxing system of the vacuum sintering integrated furnace is composed of a horizontal cylindrical wax collector, a vertical cylindrical separator, and a shell-and-tube condenser.

[0030] The electric control system of the vacuum sintering furnace is composed of a transformer, a main circuit frame, and an electric control cabinet, which is used to control the heating rate and temperature of the furnace;

[0031] The vacuum system is composed of a front-stage mechanical pump, a raw pump Roots, a vacuum pipeline, and vacuum valve pressure switch tube components. It is divided into two branches, one for evacuating the furnace chamber, and the other for vacuuming the furnace for dewaxing. A bypass network and an automatic pressure regulating valve are set on the main exhaust pipeline.

[0032] S4.3 Cooling: The initial alloy is subjected to an initial cooling operation, a medium temperature rapid cooling operation, a low temperature slow cooling operation and a natural cooling operation in sequence to obtain an intermediate alloy;

[0033] In the initial cooling operation, the cooling target temperature is 1000-1050℃. In the medium temperature rapid cooling operation, the rapid cooling system of the vacuum integrated furnace is used for cooling, and the cooling target temperature is 500-550℃. In the low temperature slow cooling operation, the cooling target temperature is 50-80℃.

[0034] The settings of the three cooling stages are critical, especially from the perspective of the hardness and tensile strength of the alloy. These temperature settings reflect the fine-tuning of the microstructure control of the alloy, aiming to optimize the ultimate physical properties of the alloy. Initial cooling to 1000-1050℃: In this stage, the alloy begins to cool from the high-temperature sintered state. The temperature range of 1000-1050℃ is selected for initial cooling to allow different components in the alloy (such as iron, cobalt, nickel and carbides) to gradually adapt to the temperature drop, thereby reducing internal cracks caused by thermal stress. Slow cooling in this temperature range helps maintain the microstructural stability of the alloy and prevents phase transformation and uneven lattice shrinkage caused by rapid cooling. Rapid cooling to 500-550℃ at medium temperature: Rapid cooling is used in the medium temperature stage mainly to lock in the microstructure formed in the alloy, especially those beneficial phases formed at high temperatures. In addition, rapid cooling can promote the fine distribution of certain carbides (such as titanium carbide and tungsten carbide) in the metal matrix, thereby significantly enhancing the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy. This temperature range is to ensure a good match between the hard phase and the tough matrix in the alloy microstructure to achieve high hardness and good tensile strength. Slow cooling from low temperature to 50-80℃: The final slow cooling helps to eliminate the residual stress that may be generated during the rapid cooling process and further stabilize the microstructure of the alloy. This temperature range allows the grains of the alloy to be fully relaxed, thereby reducing the brittleness of the material and improving its overall mechanical properties. In addition, slow cooling helps to optimize the tensile strength of the alloy because it allows more uniform crystal growth and smooth transition of phase boundaries on a micro scale.

[0035] S5 annealing: Place the master alloy in a vacuum sintering furnace, raise the furnace temperature to 400-450°C, keep it warm for T6, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain a cost-effective alloy.

[0036] The reason why the annealing temperature is set to 400-450℃ is determined through multiple experiments based on the requirements of the alloy raw materials and performance. The main reasons are as follows: 1. Reduce internal stress: After vacuum sintering, internal stress exists in the alloy, especially when there is a phase change in the material. The annealing temperature of 400-450℃ can effectively reduce these internal stresses, thereby improving the toughness and crack resistance of the material. 2. Phase structure stability: Phase transformation: Within this temperature range, the microstructure of the alloy usually reaches a state of equilibrium, ensuring the phase stability of the alloy. For alloys containing elements such as cobalt and nickel, the appropriate annealing temperature can promote the phase transformation of the material to be stable, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the alloy. 3. Optimize grain size: The temperature range of 400-450℃ helps to form a more uniform grain structure. 4. Reduce brittleness: Brittleness may occur after sintering, and the annealing temperature can help alleviate this problem, improve the toughness of the material, and ensure better performance in practical applications.

[0037] Preferably, in step S1, in the ball milling operation, the ball-to-material ratio is 4:1; the ball milling medium is a ceramic ball milling ball; in the preliminary grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 10 mm, the ball milling speed is 36-40 RPM, and the ball milling time is 12 hours; in the medium fine grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 8 mm, the ball milling speed is 40-45 RPM, and the ball milling time is 24 hours; in the final fine grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 6 mm, the ball milling speed is 45-50 RPM, and the ball milling time is 12 hours.

[0038] Preferably, in step S2, the spray drying operation parameters are set as follows: air inlet temperature: 180-200°C; air outlet temperature: 60-70°C; spray pressure: 2-2.5MPa; gas flow rate: 200-300m 3 / h; Collection device: cyclone separator and bag filter; Filtration parameters: 1-2um.

[0039] Preferably, in step S3, the specific steps of compression molding are as follows: mixing: heating the paraffin to a liquid state, and then mixing it evenly with the dry mixed material to obtain a pre-pressed material; filling: filling the pre-pressed material into a mold pre-coated with an anti-sticking layer; isostatic pressing: using a high-pressure isostatic press to press at a pressure of 40-60 MPa; demolding: after the pressing is completed, the molded body in the mold is taken out to obtain a pre-sintered body;

[0040] The specific material of the anti-sticking layer is polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0041] Preferably, in step S4, the inert gas is argon.

[0042] In step S4.1, the parameters are as follows: vacuum degree is 4-5×10^-2torr; T1 is 30-60 minutes; T2 is 160-180 minutes;

[0043] In step S4.2, the parameters are as follows: in the initial preheating stage, the vacuum degree is 1-2×10^-4torr; T3 is 35-40 minutes; in the intermediate heating stage, the vacuum degree is 8-8.5×10^-5torr; T4 is 20-25 minutes; in the target heating stage, the vacuum degree is 4-5×10^-5torr, and T4 is 90-110 minutes.

[0044] Setting specific vacuum parameters is mainly to optimize atmosphere control during dewaxing and sintering to ensure the quality and performance of the alloy. Paraffin is used as a molding agent in the pre-sintered body, and it must be completely removed at high temperatures. Using a vacuum environment can lower the boiling point of paraffin, allowing it to evaporate effectively at a lower temperature, thereby reducing residue. The selected vacuum range (4-5×10^-2torr) helps to quickly exhaust paraffin gas and avoid re-condensation or deposition of these gases inside the material, which may cause material defects. This range of vacuum has been verified to be sufficient to perform these functions while avoiding the additional costs of using lower vacuum levels.

[0045] During sintering, the control of vacuum is related to the dynamics of heat treatment. Lower gas pressure helps heat transfer during heating, making heat more evenly distributed in the material and preventing cracks or deformation caused by thermal stress. Vacuum during the initial preheating stage (1-2×10^-4torr): Optimize material density and structure: Deeper vacuum helps further remove any residual gases and volatiles, providing a cleaner environment for sintering. Improve material properties: By reducing the introduction of pores and impurities, the mechanical properties and chemical uniformity of the alloy are improved. Vacuum during the intermediate and target heating stages (8-8.5×10^-5torr and 4-5×10^-5torr): Temperature and gas pressure coordination: The temperature in these stages is significantly increased, and precise control of vacuum is required to match the needs of thermal diffusion to ensure uniform fusion of alloy components and grain growth. Avoid gas re-adsorption: Lower vacuum at high temperatures helps prevent gases from re-adsorbing to the material surface during sintering, which may cause uneven sintering and performance degradation.

[0046] In general, by precisely controlling the vacuum level, the dewaxing and sintering processes can be effectively managed and optimized to achieve the goal of improving the overall performance and reliability of the alloy.

[0047] Preferably, in step S4.3, in the initial cooling operation, the cooling rate is 3-4°C / minute; in the medium-temperature rapid cooling operation, the rapid cooling system of the vacuum integrated furnace is used to fill argon for cooling; in the low-temperature slow cooling operation, the cooling rate is 1-2°C / minute.

[0048] The cooling rate in the initial cooling stage is 3-4°C / minute: This rate is relatively mild and is used to gradually transition from high temperature to medium temperature, which helps prevent thermal stress caused by temperature difference, thereby reducing thermal cracks or other defects caused by thermal stress in the material.

[0049] Medium temperature rapid cooling stage: In this stage, the rapid cooling system of the vacuum furnace is used and filled with inert gas to quickly drop to a lower temperature (500-550°C). Rapid cooling helps freeze the favorable characteristics of the material's microstructure, such as fine grain structure, which is very important for improving the material's mechanical properties.

[0050] The cooling rate of the low temperature slow cooling stage is 1-2℃ / minute: slow cooling helps to further reduce thermal stress and allow more uniform cooling, thereby improving the structural integrity and performance of the material.

[0051] Preferably, in step S5, the temperature is increased to 400-450°C at a heating rate of 3-4°C / min; T6 is 30-35 minutes.

[0052] The invention discloses an application of a high-cost-effective alloy, wherein the high-cost-effective alloy is used for making iron-containing low-grade mowing blades and woodworking blade products. In the use of the high-cost-effective alloy, high-frequency welding technology is adopted for welding.

[0053] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by optimizing the composition ratio of alloy raw materials and adopting a refined preparation process, the parameters of multi-stage ball milling, spray drying, vacuum sintering and annealing treatment are set in the preparation process to ensure the uniformity and density of the alloy. While meeting the performance requirements, the cost is effectively reduced. This cost advantage not only improves the cost performance of the product, but also enables enterprises to expand the market more smoothly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 It is the metallographic phase diagram of the high cost-effective alloy in specific embodiment 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Specific embodiment 1:

[0057] A method for preparing a high cost-effective alloy comprises the following steps: S1 ball milling: adding alloy raw materials into a ball milling device containing anhydrous ethanol, and performing ball milling to obtain a ball milled mixed material;

[0058] The ball milling process is divided into three stages, namely, preliminary grinding, medium fine grinding and final fine grinding. In the ball milling process, the ball-to-material ratio is 4:1. The ball milling medium is ceramic ball milling balls.

[0059] The alloy raw materials include iron powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder, titanium carbide powder and tungsten carbide powder; the iron powder can pass through a 300-mesh sieve, and the carbon content of the iron powder is 0.86%; the particle size of the cobalt powder is 1-2um; the particle size of the nickel powder is 1-2um; the particle size of the titanium carbide is 2-3um; the particle size of the tungsten carbide is 2-3um;

[0060] In the alloy raw materials, according to the weight ratio, iron powder: cobalt powder: nickel powder: titanium carbide powder: tungsten carbide powder is 15:2.5:2.5:20:60; according to the mass volume ratio, the weight of the alloy raw materials: the volume of anhydrous ethanol is 300:95;

[0061] In the preliminary grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 8 mm, the ball milling speed is 36 RPM, and the ball milling time is 12 hours; in the medium fine grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 5 mm, the ball milling speed is 42 RPM, and the ball milling time is 24 hours; in the final fine grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 3 mm, the ball milling speed is 45 RPM, and the ball milling time is 12 hours.

[0062] S2 Drying: spray drying the ball milled mixed material to remove anhydrous ethanol and obtain a dry mixed material;

[0063] The drying parameters are set as follows: air inlet temperature: 180°C; air outlet temperature: 70°C; spray pressure: 2-2.5MPa; gas flow rate: 200-300m 3 / h; Collection device: cyclone separator and bag filter;

[0064] S3 pressing and molding: paraffin wax is selected as a molding agent, and the dry mixed material is pressed and molded by isostatic pressing technology and cold pressing to obtain a pre-sintered body; the weight ratio of paraffin wax to dry mixed material is 2.3-2.4:100; during the pressing and molding process, an anti-sticking layer is coated on the surface of the pressing mold;

[0065] The specific steps of compression molding are as follows: mixing: heating the paraffin wax to a liquid state, and then mixing it evenly with the dry mixed material to obtain a pre-compressed material; filling: filling the pre-compressed material into a mold pre-coated with an anti-sticking layer; isostatic pressing: starting the high-pressure isostatic press, adjusting the pressure to 50 MPa for compression; demolding: after the compression is completed, the pressure is reduced, and then the molded body in the mold is taken out to obtain a pre-sintered body;

[0066] The specific material of the anti-sticking layer is polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0067] S4 vacuum sintering: vacuum sintering the pre-sintered body in a vacuum sintering integrated furnace to obtain the alloy;

[0068] The specific steps of vacuum sintering operation are as follows: S4.1 Dewaxing: Dewaxing preheating stage: put the pre-sintered body into the vacuum sintering integrated furnace, heat the temperature in the furnace to 110°C, and keep it warm for T1; Dewaxing main stage: after the insulation is completed, heat it to 420°C at a rate of 3-5°C / min; the insulation time is T2, and inert gas is introduced in the dewaxing stage to promote the discharge of paraffin and prevent redeposition;

[0069] S4.2 Main stage of vacuum sintering: Initial preheating stage: In an inert atmosphere, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 790-800°C at a heating rate of 4°C / min, and the holding time is T3; Intermediate heating stage: After the initial heating stage, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 1300°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and the holding time is T4; Target heating stage: After the intermediate heating stage, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 1420°C, and the holding time is T5. After the holding time is completed, the initial alloy is obtained;

[0070] S4.3 Cooling: The initial alloy is subjected to an initial cooling operation, a medium temperature rapid cooling operation, a low temperature slow cooling operation and a natural cooling operation in sequence to obtain an intermediate alloy;

[0071] In the initial cooling operation, the cooling target temperature is 1050°C. In the medium-temperature rapid cooling operation, the rapid cooling system of the vacuum integrated furnace is used for cooling, and the cooling target temperature is 550°C. In the low-temperature slow cooling operation, the cooling target temperature is 60°C.

[0072] The inert gas is argon. In step S4.1, the parameters are as follows: vacuum degree is 5×10^-2torr; T1 is 50 minutes; T2 is 170 minutes;

[0073] In step S4.2, the parameters are as follows: in the initial preheating stage, the vacuum degree is 2×10^-4torr; T3 is 38 minutes; in the intermediate heating stage, the vacuum degree is 8×10^-5torr; T4 is 22 minutes; in the target heating stage, the vacuum degree is 5×10^-5torr, and T4 is 100 minutes.

[0074] In the initial cooling operation, the cooling rate is 4°C / minute; in the medium-temperature rapid cooling operation, argon gas is filled in the rapid cooling system of the vacuum integrated furnace for cooling; in the low-temperature slow cooling operation, the cooling rate is 1°C / minute.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, S5 annealing: the master alloy is placed in a vacuum sintering furnace, and the temperature is increased to 450°C at a heating rate of 3°C / min; the temperature is kept for 35 minutes, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a high cost-effective alloy.

[0076] The high cost-effective alloy prepared above and the national standard YG8 alloy were respectively prepared into saw blades, and the results are shown in Table 1 and

[0077] As shown in Table 2:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Table 1

[0081]

[0082] Table 2

[0083] By analyzing Table 1 and Table 2, the analysis results are as follows: 1. Comparison of cutting performance: Number of nails cut: Both are 300, indicating that when cutting the same number of nails, the performance of the two is equivalent. Wood cutting distance: Both are 200 meters, showing that in terms of wood cutting, the high-cost alloy is also equivalent to YG8. Wear condition: Both have no broken teeth, indicating that during use, the high-cost alloy is equivalent to YG8 in durability and cutting stability. 2. Comparison of material properties: Hardness: It shows that the wear resistance of the two is similar. Density: The density of the high-cost alloy is 9.5, while that of YG8 is 14.8. The lower density means that the high-cost alloy is lighter when processing, which can reduce the burden on the machine and the difficulty of operation. 3. Market price: The market price of YG8 is 350 yuan / kg, while that of the high-cost alloy is 260 yuan / kg. The advantage of the high-cost alloy in market price can reduce production costs and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.

[0084] Comprehensive analysis: Performance balance: The two materials perform equally well in cutting performance, and the lower density and price advantage of the high-cost alloy make it more economical and lightweight. Cost-effectiveness: Using the high-cost alloy can reduce material costs while maintaining cutting performance and durability.

[0085] Specific implementation 2:

[0086] When the alloy is prepared by the method provided in Specific Example 1, only the final sintering temperature of step S4.2 is adjusted. For different sintering temperatures, the properties of the prepared alloy are shown in Table 3:

[0087]

[0088] Table 3

[0089] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. A person skilled in the art of the present invention may make various modifications or supplements to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the defined scope. Although the present invention is described and described in detail in the drawings and the foregoing description, such descriptions and descriptions are considered to be illustrative or exemplary rather than restrictive. It should be understood that within the scope of the following claims, changes and modifications may be made by a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a cost-effective alloy, characterized in that: The method for preparing the cost-effective alloy comprises the following steps: S1 ball milling: Add the alloy raw materials into the ball milling equipment filled with anhydrous ethanol and perform ball milling to obtain the ball milled mixed material. The ball milling operation is divided into three stages, namely, preliminary grinding, medium fine grinding and final fine grinding; The alloy raw materials include iron powder, cobalt powder, nickel powder, titanium carbide powder and tungsten carbide powder; the iron powder can pass through a 300-mesh sieve, and the carbon content of the iron powder is 0.86%; the particle size of the cobalt powder is 1-2um; the particle size of the nickel powder is 1-2um; the particle size of the titanium carbide is 2-3um; the particle size of the tungsten carbide is 2-3um; In the alloy raw materials, according to the weight ratio, iron powder: cobalt powder: nickel powder: titanium carbide powder: tungsten carbide powder is 15:2.5:2.5:20:60; according to the mass volume ratio, the weight of the alloy raw materials: the volume of anhydrous ethanol is 300-310kg:95-100L; S2 Drying: spray drying the ball milled mixed material to obtain a dry mixed material; S3 pressing and molding: paraffin wax is selected as a molding agent, and the dry mixed material is pressed and molded by isostatic pressing technology and cold pressing to obtain a pre-sintered body; the weight ratio of paraffin wax to dry mixed material is 2.3-2.4:100; during the pressing and molding process, an anti-sticking layer is coated on the surface of the pressing mold; S4 vacuum sintering: vacuum sintering the pre-sintered body in a vacuum sintering integrated furnace to obtain the alloy; The specific steps of vacuum sintering operation are as follows: S4.1 Dewaxing: Dewaxing preheating stage: put the pre-sintered body into the vacuum sintering integrated furnace, heat the temperature in the furnace to 110-120℃, and keep it warm for T1; Dewaxing main stage: after the insulation is completed, heat it to 380-420℃ at a rate of 3-5℃ / min; the insulation time is T2, and inert gas is introduced in the dewaxing stage to promote the discharge of paraffin and prevent redeposition; S4.2 Main stage of vacuum sintering: Initial preheating stage: In an inert atmosphere, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 790-800°C at a heating rate of 4-5°C / min, and the holding time is T3; Intermediate heating stage: After the initial heating stage, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 1290-1300°C at a heating rate of 2-3°C / min, and the holding time is T4; Target heating stage: After the intermediate heating stage, the temperature in the furnace is raised to 1410-1420°C, and the holding time is T5. After the holding time is completed, the initial alloy is obtained; S4.3 Cooling: The initial alloy is subjected to an initial cooling operation, a medium temperature rapid cooling operation, a low temperature slow cooling operation and a natural cooling operation in sequence to obtain an intermediate alloy; In the initial cooling operation, the cooling target temperature is 1000-1050℃. In the medium temperature rapid cooling operation, the rapid cooling system of the vacuum sintering integrated furnace is used for cooling, and the cooling target temperature is 500-550℃. In the low temperature slow cooling operation, the cooling target temperature is 50-80℃. S5 annealing: Place the master alloy in a vacuum sintering furnace, raise the temperature in the furnace to 400-450°C, keep it warm for T6, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain a cost-effective alloy.

2. The method for preparing a cost-effective alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, in the ball milling operation, the ball-to-material ratio is 4:1; the ball milling medium is a ceramic ball milling ball; in the preliminary grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 10 mm, the ball milling speed is 36-40 RPM, and the ball milling time is 12 hours; in the medium fine grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 8 mm, the ball milling speed is 40-45 RPM, and the ball milling time is 24 hours; in the final fine grinding, the ball milling medium diameter is 6 mm, the ball milling speed is 45-50 RPM, and the ball milling time is 12 hours.

3. The method for preparing a high cost-effective alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the spray drying operation parameters are set as follows: air inlet temperature: 180-200°C; air outlet temperature: 60-70°C; spray pressure: 2-2.5MPa; gas flow rate: 200-300m 3 / h.

4. The method for preparing a high cost-effective alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the specific steps of compression molding are as follows: mixing: heating the paraffin to a liquid state, and then mixing it evenly with the dry mixed material to obtain a pre-pressed material; filling: filling the pre-pressed material into a mold pre-coated with an anti-sticking layer; isostatic pressing: using a high-pressure isostatic press to press at a pressure of 40-60 MPa; demolding: after the pressing is completed, the molded body in the mold is taken out to obtain a pre-sintered body; The specific material of the anti-sticking layer is polytetrafluoroethylene.

5. The method for preparing a cost-effective alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the inert gas is argon. In step S4.1, the parameters are as follows: vacuum degree is 4-5×10^-2torr; T1 is 30-60 minutes; T2 is 160-180 minutes; In step S4.2, the parameters are as follows: in the initial preheating stage, the vacuum degree is 1-2×10^-4torr; T3 is 35-40 minutes; in the intermediate heating stage, the vacuum degree is 8-8.5×10^-5torr; T4 is 20-25 minutes; in the target heating stage, the vacuum degree is 4-5×10^-5torr, and T4 is 90-110 minutes.

6. The method for preparing a cost-effective alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4.3, in the initial cooling operation, the cooling rate is 3-4°C / minute; in the medium-temperature rapid cooling operation, the rapid cooling system of the vacuum sintering integrated furnace is used to fill argon for cooling; in the low-temperature slow cooling operation, the cooling rate is 1-2°C / minute.

7. The method for preparing a high cost-effective alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the temperature is increased to 400-450°C at a heating rate of 3-4°C / min; T6 is 30-35 minutes.

8. Application of a high cost-effective alloy, the alloy prepared by the preparation method of the high cost-effective alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The high-cost-effective alloy is used to make iron-containing low-grade mowing blades and woodworking blade products. In the use of the high-cost-effective alloy, high-frequency welding technology is adopted for welding.

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