Sheet metal part forming method

Abstract

The application discloses a sheet metal forming method, which comprises the following steps: cutting two sides of a first plate to obtain a second plate comprising a plate body and a plurality of cutting blocks; bending the plurality of cutting blocks on the two sides of the second plate to obtain a third plate comprising the plate body and a first flange; placing the third plate on a first workbench with the first flange facing downward, supporting a first end of the third plate on the ground, supporting the first workbench away from the first end of the third plate, and applying force to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset arc; shaping the curved surface of the fourth plate to obtain a fifth plate with a target arc; and performing slit welding on the plurality of cutting blocks in the fifth plate to obtain a girder. The method realizes sheet metal forming without the aid of auxiliary devices, thereby guaranteeing the accuracy and convenience of the sheet metal forming of the girder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sheet metal forming, and more particularly to a method for forming sheet metal parts. Background Technology

[0002] In the machinery manufacturing industry, sheet metal forming currently predominantly employs stamping, which uses molds and stamping equipment to apply pressure to sheet metal, causing it to plastically deform or separate, thereby obtaining sheet metal parts with specific shapes, dimensions, and properties. However, the sheet metal parts required for prototype production are generally met using soft molds and stamping equipment. For a very small number of customized vehicles and mule cars, sheet metal forming is time-consuming and expensive, posing risks of delaying development cycles and increasing R&D costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a sheet metal forming method to solve the problem that existing sheet metal forming processes rely on soft molds and stamping equipment, resulting in long development cycles and high costs.

[0004] A sheet metal forming method, comprising:

[0005] The first plate is cut on both sides to obtain a second plate, the second plate including a plate body and a plurality of cutting blocks extending from both sides of the plate body;

[0006] The multiple cut blocks on both sides of the second plate are bent to obtain a third plate, the third plate including the plate body and two first flanges extending in the same direction from both sides of the plate body;

[0007] The third plate is placed on the first workbench with the first flange facing down. The first end of the third plate is supported on the ground. The first workbench is supported on the third plate away from the first end. Force is applied to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

[0008] The curved surface of the fourth plate is shaped to obtain a fifth plate with the target curvature;

[0009] Multiple cutting blocks in the fifth plate are cut and welded to obtain the main beam.

[0010] Preferably, the step of cutting both sides of the first plate to obtain a second plate comprising multiple cut blocks includes:

[0011] The first board is divided into regions to determine the main body of the board and the edge regions located on both sides of the length direction of the main body of the board.

[0012] The two edge regions are equally divided along the width direction of the main body of the plate to obtain a second plate containing multiple cut blocks.

[0013] Preferably, the third plate further includes a second flange extending outward from one side of each of the first flanges.

[0014] Preferably, after dividing the first sheet metal into regions to determine the main body of the sheet metal and the edge regions located on both sides of the main body of the sheet metal along its length, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0015] Determine the first bending line and the second bending line corresponding to the first sheet material. The first bending line is the boundary line between the edge region and the main body of the sheet material, and the second bending line is a bending line set in the edge region along the length direction of the main body of the sheet material.

[0016] Preferably, the bending of the multiple cut blocks on both sides of the second sheet to obtain the third sheet includes:

[0017] Based on the two first bending lines, multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the second plate are bent in the same direction to a first preset angle to obtain a bent plate;

[0018] Based on the two second bending lines, multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the bent plate are bent outward in the same direction to a second preset angle to obtain a third plate containing a first flange and a second flange.

[0019] Preferably, the step of placing the third sheet material on the first workbench with the first flange facing downwards, the first end of the third sheet material supported on the ground, the first workbench supported on the third sheet material away from the first end, and applying force to the first flange of the third sheet material to obtain a fourth sheet material with a preset curvature includes:

[0020] Based on the order from the middle position to both ends of the first flange, force is alternately applied to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along the direction perpendicular to the main body of the plate, to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

[0021] Preferably, the step of alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third sheet to obtain a fourth sheet with a preset curvature includes:

[0022] The first flanges on both sides of the third plate are alternately stressed to obtain the third plate after stress application;

[0023] An arc-shaped shaping block is used to correct the arc shape of the third plate after the force is applied. When the arc of the main body of the third plate after the force is applied matches the arc-shaped shaping block, a fourth plate with a preset arc is obtained.

[0024] Preferably, the step of shaping the curved surface of the fourth sheet material to obtain a fifth sheet material with a target curvature includes:

[0025] Two arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the main body of the fourth plate. The distance between each arc-shaped shaping block and each of the first bending lines is a first preset distance. Each arc-shaped shaping block is provided with at least two preset welding points at intervals.

[0026] Based on the preset welding points, the unbent surfaces of the arc-shaped shaping sample block and the fourth plate are alternately spot-welded and corrected to obtain a fifth plate with the target curvature.

[0027] Preferably, the step of cutting and welding the multiple cut blocks in the fifth plate to obtain the main beam includes:

[0028] The fifth plate is subjected to N diagonal slit welding on multiple cutting blocks, and the welding length of each diagonal slit welding is 1 / N of the total slit length, where N≥2;

[0029] After the weld seam is welded, stress relief is performed on the weld seam, and the arc-shaped shaping block in the fifth plate is removed to obtain the main beam.

[0030] Preferably, after the multiple cut blocks in the fifth sheet metal are cut and welded to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0031] A target cover plate with a target curvature is placed on the bent surface of the main beam, and the main beam and the target cover plate are welded together to obtain a crossbeam.

[0032] Preferably, before welding the main beam and the target cover plate with the target curvature onto the bent surface of the main beam to obtain the crossbeam, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0033] The first cover plate is placed flat on the second workbench, the second workbench including a workbench body and a V-shaped groove provided on the workbench body;

[0034] According to the order from the middle position to both ends of the first cover plate, force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with the target curvature.

[0035] Preferably, the first plate is provided with clearance holes;

[0036] After the fourth sheet metal is shaped to obtain a fifth sheet metal with a target curvature, and before the multiple cut blocks in the fifth sheet metal are cut and welded to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0037] The target clearance rib is placed in the clearance hole of the fifth plate, and the target clearance rib is diagonally welded to the clearance hole of the fifth plate.

[0038] Preferably, before placing the target clearance rib in the clearance hole of the fifth sheet metal and diagonally welding the target clearance rib to the clearance hole of the fifth sheet metal, the sheet metal forming method includes:

[0039] Obtain a relief rib plate, the relief rib plate comprising a relief rib body, a first side plate, a second side plate and a third side plate extending from the edge of the relief rib body, the first side plate and the second side plate being disposed on opposite sides of the relief rib body, and the third side plate having an included angle with both the first side plate and the second side plate;

[0040] The first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate are bent in the same direction, so that the edges of the first side plate and the third side plate contact each other to form a first joint edge, and the edges of the second side plate and the third side plate contact each other to form a second joint edge;

[0041] Welding is performed on the first joint edge and the second joint edge to obtain the target clearance rib.

[0042] In the above sheet metal forming method, the first sheet metal is cut on both sides to obtain a second sheet metal containing multiple cutting blocks. The multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the second sheet metal are bent to obtain a third sheet metal containing a first flange and a second flange. The second flange of the third sheet metal is placed on the first worktable with the second flange facing down. Force is applied to the first flange of the third sheet metal to obtain a fourth sheet metal with a preset curvature. The curved surface of the fourth sheet metal is shaped to obtain a fifth sheet metal with a target curvature. The multiple cutting blocks in the fifth sheet metal are cut and welded to obtain a main beam. Based on the main beam obtained by cutting, bending, forming, shaping and welding the sheet metal, the main beam is formed without the need for auxiliary devices, ensuring the accuracy and convenience of the main beam forming. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a sheet metal forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of the first plate material in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of the third plate material in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of applying force to the third plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is an example diagram of the first flange in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of the fourth plate material in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 This is an example diagram of the fifth plate material in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 This is an example diagram of the welding point of the arc-shaped shaping sample block in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 9 This is an example diagram of seam welding in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 10 This is an example diagram of removing welding stress by cutting a seam in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 11 This is an example diagram of removing welding stress by cutting a seam in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 12 This is an example diagram of the main beam and cross beam in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 13 This is an example diagram of the forming of a cover plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 14 This is an example diagram of the welding of the avoidance ribs in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 15 This is an example diagram of a relief rib plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 16 This is an example diagram of a target avoidance rib in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0060] To make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0061] This invention provides a sheet metal forming method, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the sheet metal forming method includes:

[0062] S1: Cut the two sides of the first plate to obtain the second plate, which includes the plate body and multiple cut blocks extending from the two sides of the plate body.

[0063] S2: The multiple cut blocks on both sides of the second plate are bent to obtain a third plate. The third plate includes a plate body and two first flanges extending in the same direction from both sides of the plate body. Preferably, the third plate also includes a second flange extending outward from one side of each first flange.

[0064] S3: Place the third plate with the first flange facing down on the first workbench. The first end of the third plate is supported on the ground. The first workbench is supported on the third plate away from the first end. Apply force to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

[0065] S4: The curved surface of the fourth plate is shaped to obtain the fifth plate with the target curvature;

[0066] S5: Weld the multiple cut blocks in the fifth plate to obtain the main beam.

[0067] The first board is an unprocessed board. The second board is obtained by cutting the first board. The main body of the board refers to the area of ​​the board that does not require bending.

[0068] As an example, in step S1, a first material is first obtained, specifically a sheet of a certain shape and size is cut using laser cutting, and this is defined as the first sheet. Then, cutting lines and bending lines are marked on both sides of the first sheet. After cutting the areas to be cut on both sides of the main body of the first sheet, a second sheet containing the main body of the sheet and multiple cutting blocks is obtained. As an example, cutting the two sides of the first sheet makes it easier and more controllable to operate when bending.

[0069] The third sheet material is obtained by bending the second sheet material. Specifically, the third sheet material is obtained by bending multiple cut pieces of the second sheet material. The first flange refers to the flange formed by bending multiple cut pieces in a direction perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the plane of the second sheet material. The second flange refers to the flange formed by bending a portion of multiple first flanges outward in a direction parallel or nearly parallel to the plane of the second sheet material. The second flange is the connecting edge used for welding with other components.

[0070] As an example, in step S2, the multiple cut blocks of the second sheet are bent for the first time to obtain a first flange formed after the first bend; then, the first flange of the second sheet is bent a second time to form a second flange. That is, after the second sheet is bent twice, a third sheet is obtained, which includes the sheet body, the first flange, and the second flange. In other words, each cut block of the second sheet will form a first flange and a second flange after being bent twice. Understandably, switching the two sides of the first sheet to form multiple cut blocks, making the length of each cut block relatively short, facilitates the bending operation and helps to improve bending efficiency.

[0071] The fourth material is obtained by applying force to the third material; specifically, the fourth material is obtained by applying force to the first flange of the third material to achieve a preset curvature. The first workbench refers to the support platform used when applying force to the third material. The first end refers to the top portion of both sides of the third material; the first end can be any one of the top portions of both sides of the third material.

[0072] As an example, in step S3, the third sheet is placed on the first worktable with the first flange facing down, that is, the side of the third sheet with the second flange facing down is placed on the first worktable, and the first end of the third sheet is supported on the plane. Then, the first worktable on the same plane is supported away from the first end of the third sheet, so that the third sheet forms a certain angle with the plane. This allows for more free space when force is applied to the third sheet, making it easier to shape the third sheet. In this example, a force-applying tool is used to apply force to the first flange of the third sheet placed on the first worktable to bend it, and a shaping tool is used to repeatedly correct the curvature of the unbent side of the third sheet. When the curvature of the unbent side of the third sheet reaches the preset curvature, the fourth sheet is obtained. Applying force to the first flange ensures that the unbent side of the third sheet does not deform, thus keeping the curvature of the fourth sheet obtained by applying force smooth.

[0073] The fifth board is a board obtained by shaping the fourth board. Specifically, the fifth board is a board obtained by shaping the curvature formed by applying force to the fourth board.

[0074] As an example, in step S4, the curved side of the shaping tool is spot-welded to the unbent side of the fourth plate. During the spot-welding process, the tool is repeatedly corrected to ensure that the curvature of the fourth plate does not deform. When the shaping tool and the fourth plate are spot-welded, the surface shaping of the fourth plate is completed, and a fifth plate with the target curvature is obtained.

[0075] The main beam is a plate obtained by welding the seams of multiple cut blocks of the fifth plate, specifically the plate obtained by welding the seams of the first and second flanges formed by the multiple cut blocks.

[0076] As an example, in step S5, the seams of the multiple cutting blocks of the fifth plate are welded together. Specifically, the first and second flanges formed by the multiple cutting blocks are welded together. Then, the shaping tool fixed by spot welding in the fifth plate is removed. After the seam welding is completed, the weld and the cut edge of the shaping tool are ground smooth to obtain the main beam. In this example, the shaping tool of the fifth plate is spot welded and fixed before being removed because the high welding temperature during the seam welding of the fifth plate can easily cause deformation of the unbent surface curvature of the fifth plate. Therefore, in order to ensure that the curvature of the unbent surface of the fifth plate is maintained in the target state, the shaping tool is first spot welded and fixed to the unbent surface of the fourth plate. After the seam welding is completed, the shaping tool is removed from the unbent surface of the fifth plate to ensure that the curvature of the obtained main beam reaches the target state.

[0077] In this embodiment, the first plate is cut on both sides to obtain a second plate containing the plate body and multiple cut blocks. The multiple cut blocks on both sides of the second plate are bent to obtain a third plate containing a first flange and a second flange. The third plate is placed on the first worktable with the first flange facing down. Force is applied to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature. The curved surface of the fourth plate is shaped to obtain a fifth plate with a target curvature. The multiple cut blocks in the fifth plate are cut and welded to obtain the main beam. Based on the main beam obtained by cutting, bending, shaping, shaping and welding the plate, the main beam can be formed without the aid of auxiliary devices, ensuring the accuracy and convenience of the main beam forming.

[0078] In one embodiment, step S1 involves cutting both sides of the first plate to obtain a second plate comprising multiple cut blocks, including:

[0079] S11: Divide the first board into regions to determine the main body of the board and the edge regions set on both sides of the length direction of the main body of the board;

[0080] S12: Divide the two edge areas equally along the width of the main body of the board to obtain a second board containing multiple cut blocks.

[0081] The main body of the board refers to the area of ​​the board that does not need to be bent, while the edge area refers to the area of ​​the board that needs to be bent.

[0082] As an example, in step S11, the first board is divided into the main body of the board and the edge regions on both sides of the main body along its length. During cutting, the two edge regions of the first board are cut. This division of the main body and edge regions of the first board helps ensure the accuracy of subsequent operations on the board.

[0083] As an example, in step S12, the two edge areas are cut into equal parts along the width of the main body of the board. After the equal parts are cut, multiple second boards with the same length are obtained. The equal parts cutting can ensure the accuracy and convenience of bending the board in the future.

[0084] In obtaining the first long strip-shaped plate (e.g.) Figure 2 After (as shown), the main body of the board and the edge areas on both sides of its length direction can be determined first. Multiple cutting lines along the width can be drawn inside each edge area. The multiple cutting lines are set at equal intervals. Then, the edge area is cut along the multiple switching lines to obtain multiple second boards with the same length of cutting blocks. In this example, the cutting blocks are 100mm apart.

[0085] In this embodiment, the first plate is divided into regions to determine the main body of the plate and the edge regions set on both sides of the length direction of the main body of the plate. The two edge regions are cut equally along the width direction of the main body of the plate to obtain a second plate containing multiple cut blocks. By dividing the plate into regions and cutting it equally, it helps to ensure the convenience and accuracy of subsequent plate bending and spot welding, and helps the plate to achieve the preset curvature.

[0086] In one embodiment, after dividing the first sheet metal into regions and determining the main body of the sheet metal and the edge regions located on both sides of the main body of the sheet metal in the length direction, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0087] Determine the first bending line and the second bending line corresponding to the first board material. The first bending line is the dividing line between the edge area and the main body of the board material, and the second bending line is a bending line set in the edge area along the length direction of the main body of the board material.

[0088] As an example, after determining the main body and edge areas of the board, a first bend line is drawn at the junction of the main body and each edge area; that is, the first bend line is set at the junction of the main body and the edge area. A second bend line is then drawn along the length of the main body within the edge area; that is, the second bend line is set within the edge area, at a certain distance from both sides of the edge area. In this example, determining the first and second bend lines effectively ensures the convenience and accuracy of subsequent board bending.

[0089] In obtaining the first long strip-shaped plate (e.g.) Figure 2 After (as shown), the main body of the board and the edge areas on both sides of its length direction can be determined first. A first bending line along the length direction can be drawn between the main body of the board and the edge areas. A second bending line along the length direction can be drawn inside each edge area for subsequent bending operations. Multiple cutting lines along the width direction can be drawn inside each edge area. The multiple cutting lines are set at equal intervals. Then, the edge areas are cut along the multiple switching lines to obtain multiple second boards with the same length of cutting blocks.

[0090] In one embodiment, step S2 involves bending multiple cut blocks on both sides of the second sheet to obtain a third sheet, including:

[0091] S21: Based on the two first bending lines, bend multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the second plate in the same direction to the first preset angle to obtain a bent plate;

[0092] S22: Based on the two second bending lines, multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the bent board are bent outward in the same direction to a second preset angle to obtain a third board containing a first flange and a second flange.

[0093] The first preset angle is a pre-set bending angle. Specifically, the first preset angle is the angle that the cutting blocks on both sides of the edge area should reach when they are bent for the first time. The first preset angle can be determined according to the actual situation. For example, it can be set between 90° and 110°. In one example, it can be set to 105.5°.

[0094] As an example, in step S21, based on the two first bending lines formed between the main body of the board and the two edge regions, all the cut blocks of the edge regions on both sides of the main body of the board are bent in the same direction along the first bending lines until they are bent to the first preset angle, so as to obtain the bent board after the second board is bent once.

[0095] The second preset angle is a pre-set bending angle. Specifically, the second preset angle is the angle that the cut blocks on both sides of the edge area should reach when they are bent for the second time. The second preset angle can be determined according to the actual situation. For example, it can be set between 90° and 110°. In one example, it can be set to 100°.

[0096] As an example, in step S22, based on the second bending line within the edge region, all the cut blocks after the first bend are bent outward in the same direction along the second bending line until they are bent to a second preset angle, resulting in a third board material including a first flange and a second flange. The first flange is the portion between the first and second bending lines of each cut block, and the second flange is the portion of each cut block bent outward after the second bend.

[0097] To obtain a second sheet material with multiple cut blocks of the same length, firstly, all the cut blocks on both sides of the main body of the second sheet material can be bent in the same direction along the first bending line until they are bent to 105.5°, thus obtaining a bent sheet material after bending the second sheet material once; then, all the cut blocks of the bent sheet material can be bent outwards in the same direction along the second bending line of the edge area until they are bent to 100°, forming a shape like... Figure 3 The third material shown is a third material; wherein the portion between the first and second bending lines of each cutting block is the first flange, and the portion of each cutting block that bends outward after the second bend is the second flange, thereby obtaining a third material containing the first flange and the second flange.

[0098] In this embodiment, based on two first bending lines, multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the second sheet are bent in the same direction to a first preset angle to obtain a bent sheet; based on two second bending lines, multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the bent sheet are bent outward in the same direction to a second preset angle to obtain a third sheet including a first flange and a second flange. Dividing the edge area of ​​the first sheet into multiple cutting blocks makes bending the multiple cutting blocks of the second sheet easier and less strenuous. Furthermore, if an error occurs during bending, the first flange and the second flange formed by each cutting block are easier to adjust, ensuring that the first flange and the second flange reach the same position when the sheet is bent according to different bending lines, thus helping to ensure the accuracy of subsequent sheet operations.

[0099] In one embodiment, step S3 involves placing the third sheet material on the first workbench with its first flange facing downwards, the first end of the third sheet material supported on the ground, and the first workbench supported on the third sheet material away from its first end. Force is applied to the first flange of the third sheet material to obtain a fourth sheet material with a preset curvature, including:

[0100] S31: Based on the order from the middle position to both ends of the first flange, apply force alternately to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along the direction perpendicular to the main body of the plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

[0101] As an example, the third sheet is placed on the first workbench with the second flange facing down, so that the unbent side of the third sheet is facing up. The first end of the third sheet is supported on the ground, and the first workbench is supported on the third sheet away from the first end, so that there is a larger suspended space for the third sheet to be shaped by force.

[0102] As an example, in step S31, a force-applying tool is used to alternately apply force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along the direction perpendicular to the main body of the third plate, that is, perpendicular to the main body of the unbent surface of the third plate. During the alternating force application, the direction and force of the force applied to the first flanges on both sides are kept consistent. Furthermore, during the force application, the force is applied in the order from the middle position to the two ends of the first flange, which helps the first flanges on both sides to deform evenly under the uniform force, ensuring that the first flanges and the third plate are uniformly bent to the preset curvature, and finally a fourth plate with the preset curvature is obtained.

[0103] In one embodiment, step S31 involves alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature, including:

[0104] S311: Apply force alternately to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain the third plate after applying force;

[0105] S312: The arc-shaped shaping block is used to correct the arc shape of the third plate after the force is applied. When the arc of the main body of the third plate after the force is applied matches the arc-shaped shaping block, a fourth plate with a preset arc is obtained.

[0106] Among them, the third sheet material after force application refers to the sheet material obtained after applying force to the first flange of the third sheet material. The arc-shaped shaping sample block refers to the sample block cut according to the preset arc for testing the bending arc of the sheet material.

[0107] As an example, in step S311, a force-applying tool is used to alternately apply force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate along the direction perpendicular to the main body of the third plate, that is, perpendicular to the main body of the unbent surface of the third plate. During the alternating force application, the force direction and force of the first flanges on both sides are kept consistent. Furthermore, during the force application, the force is applied in the order from the middle position to the two ends of the first flange to obtain the third plate after force application.

[0108] As an example, in step S312, during the process of applying force to the first flange of the third sheet after force application, in order to ensure that the arc formed by the applied force reaches the preset arc, the arc of the unbent surface of the third sheet after force application needs to be corrected multiple times using an arc-shaped shaping block. This ensures that the arc of the unbent surface of the third sheet after force application is consistent with the arc of the arc-shaped shaping block, guaranteeing that the force on the main body of the third sheet after force application reaches the preset arc. When the arc of the unbent surface of the third sheet after force application is completely aligned with the arc-shaped shaping block, a fourth sheet with the preset arc can be obtained. In this example, the use of an arc-shaped shaping block to correct the unbent surface of the third sheet after force application multiple times is to ensure that the final fourth sheet has the same arc as the arc-shaped shaping block. Furthermore, correcting while applying force makes it easier to detect changes in the arc of the unbent surface of the third sheet after force application, thus making it easier to adjust the arc of the third sheet after force application, and ultimately resulting in a more accurate arc of the fourth sheet.

[0109] Will Figure 3 The third sheet material shown is placed on the first workbench with the first flange facing down, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, a force-applying tool is used along a direction perpendicular to the main body of the third board, that is, perpendicular to the main body of the unbent surface of the third board, to apply force to the first flanges on both sides of the third board (e.g., Figure 5 As shown, force is applied alternately; during the force application process, force is applied in sequence from the middle position to both ends of the first flange, which helps the first flanges on both sides deform evenly under uniform force, ensuring that the first flanges and the third board are evenly bent to the preset curvature. During the force application process of the first flange, in order to ensure that the curvature formed by the force application reaches the preset curvature, the curvature of the unbent surface of the third board after force application needs to be corrected multiple times using an arc-shaped shaping sample, ensuring that the main body of the third board after force application reaches the preset curvature to obtain the fourth board (such as...). Figure 6 (As shown).

[0110] In this embodiment, the third sheet material is placed on the first worktable with its second flange facing down. Following the sequence from the middle to both ends of the first flange, force is alternately applied to the first flanges on both sides of the third sheet material along a direction perpendicular to the main body of the third sheet material, resulting in a force-applied third sheet material. An arc-shaped shaping block is used to correct the arc shape of the force-applied third sheet material. When the arc of the main body of the force-applied third sheet material matches the arc-shaped shaping block, a fourth sheet material with a preset arc is obtained. Applying force evenly to the first flange and correcting the arc of the main body of the sheet material helps the sheet material achieve the preset arc without the need for auxiliary devices.

[0111] In one embodiment, step S4, which involves shaping the curved surface of the fourth sheet material to obtain a fifth sheet material with a target curvature, includes:

[0112] S41: Two arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the main body of the fourth plate. The distance between each arc-shaped shaping block and each first bending line is a first preset distance. Each arc-shaped shaping block is provided with at least two preset welding points at intervals.

[0113] S42: Based on the preset welding points, the unbent surfaces of the arc-shaped sample block and the fourth plate are alternately spot-welded and corrected to obtain the fifth plate with the target curvature.

[0114] The first preset distance refers to a pre-set distance length, specifically, it refers to the preset distance length from the two arc-shaped shaping blocks in the width direction to the first bending lines on both sides.

[0115] Among them, the preset welding point refers to the welding point set in advance. Specifically, it refers to the point on the arc-shaped shaping block where the arc-shaped shaping block is set in advance to weld to the main body of the unbent surface of the fourth plate.

[0116] As an example, in step S41, on the main body of the fourth plate, one of the arc-shaped shaping blocks is placed at a first preset distance from the width direction of the first bending line. Then, another arc-shaped shaping block is placed at a first preset distance from the width direction of the first bending line on the other side. Both arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the unbent surface of the main body of the fourth plate. At least two preset welding points are set on each arc-shaped shaping block, so that the two adjacent preset welding points on the same arc-shaped shaping block are spaced at the same distance. This ensures the welding stability between the arc-shaped shaping block and the unbent surface of the main body of the fourth plate, thereby ensuring that the curvature accuracy of the final plate body is higher and more closely matches the curvature of the arc-shaped shaping block.

[0117] The target radian refers to the radian formed after the preset radian has been shaped.

[0118] As an example, in step S42, the pre-set welding points on the arc-shaped shaping block are welded to the main body of the fourth plate. Two pre-set welding points parallel to the width direction of the main body of the plate are grouped together, and each group of welding points is alternately spot-welded. Because the main body of the fourth plate deforms due to heat at the welding point, the curvature of the main body of the fourth plate needs to be corrected after completing one group of welding to ensure that the curvature of the main body of the fourth plate remains unchanged. Subsequently, according to the welding interval of each group of pre-set welding points, the pre-set welding points of other groups are alternately spot-welded and corrected. After completing the spot welding and correction, a fifth plate with the target curvature can be obtained. In this example, welding a group of pre-set welding points once and then correcting it once can ensure that the curvature of the main body of the unbent surface of the fourth plate remains unchanged during the spot welding process, even if there is local heat. It also ensures that the curvature of the main body of the plate remains in the target state during subsequent welding operations.

[0119] Two curved shaping sample blocks (such as...) are placed on the main body of the fourth plate. Figure 7 As shown), one of the arc-shaped shaping blocks is placed at a first preset distance from the width of the first bend line. Then, another arc-shaped shaping block is placed at a first preset distance from the width of the first bend line on the other side, with the two arc-shaped shaping blocks kept parallel. Figure 8 As shown, at least two preset welding points are set on each arc-shaped shaping sample block, so that adjacent preset welding points on the same arc-shaped shaping sample block are spaced at the same distance. In this example, each arc-shaped shaping sample block has 6 preset welding points. During the spot welding process, 1 and 2 are spot welded first. After spot welding, the curvature of the main body of the fourth plate is corrected once. Then, 3 and 4 are spot welded. After spot welding, the curvature of the main body of the fourth plate is corrected once. This process is repeated until 11 and 12 are spot welded, so that the curvature of the arc-shaped shaping sample block is completely matched with the curvature of the main body of the plate, resulting in the fifth plate (e.g., ...). Figure 7 As shown in the figure, this ensures high accuracy of the curvature of the final sheet material.

[0120] In this embodiment, two arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the main body of the fourth plate. The distance between each arc-shaped shaping block and each first bending line is a first preset distance. Each arc-shaped shaping block is provided with at least two preset welding points at intervals. Based on the preset welding points, the arc-shaped shaping blocks and the unbent surface of the fourth plate are alternately spot-welded and corrected to obtain a fifth plate with the target curvature. Using arc-shaped shaping blocks to shape the main body of the fourth plate ensures the accuracy and convenience of the curvature of the main body of the plate.

[0121] In one embodiment, step S5 involves cutting and welding multiple cut blocks in the fifth plate to obtain the main beam, including:

[0122] S51: Perform N diagonal seam welding on multiple cutting blocks in the fifth plate, with the welding length of each diagonal seam welding being 1 / N of the total seam length;

[0123] S52: After the weld seam is cut and welded, stress relief is performed on the weld seam, and the arc-shaped shaping block in the fifth plate is removed to obtain the main beam.

[0124] Diagonal weld welding refers to welding the cut along the diagonal direction. Specifically, it means welding two diagonal cuts on multiple cut blocks on both sides of the edge area of ​​the fifth plate in a diagonal manner, and then welding the other diagonal cuts in sequence.

[0125] As an example, in step S51, the seams of multiple cut blocks on both sides of the fifth plate are welded using a diagonal welding principle. The welding length of each diagonal seam weld is 1 / N of the total seam length. The seams are welded in N steps. Welding the seams in multiple steps reduces welding errors and avoids deformation of the plate due to welding heat, ensuring the accuracy of the curvature of the final plate body. In this example, performing multiple diagonal seam welds ensures the stability of each seam weld and makes it easier to detect changes in the weld and curvature during the welding process, allowing for timely adjustments and corrections.

[0126] As an example, in step S52, the welds of multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the edge region of the fifth plate are smoothed. Then, the multiple welds are placed flat on the first workbench and force is applied to them. The force is applied N times to remove the welding stress of the welds. Then, the two arc-shaped shaping blocks on the main body of the fifth plate are removed, and the welding marks of each preset weld point remaining on the main body of the fifth plate are smoothed. The two removed arc-shaped shaping blocks are used to continue to correct the curvature of the main body of the plate, ensuring that the curvature of the main body of the main beam remains unchanged in the target state, ensuring the accuracy of the curvature of the main body of the plate, and finally the main beam can be obtained.

[0127] The cut seams of multiple cut blocks in the two edge areas of the fifth plate are welded according to the diagonal welding principle. In this example, according to... Figure 9 Welding is performed in the order of 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 22 shown. In this example, the welding length of each diagonal cut weld is 1 / 3 of the total cut length. The cut welds are completed in 3 steps. Welding the cuts in multiple steps reduces welding errors and avoids deformation of the sheet metal due to heat during welding, ensuring the accuracy of the curvature of the final sheet metal body. After welding, all welds are ground smooth. The second flange is placed flat on the worktable, as shown. Figure 10 As shown, the weld at the second flange is lightly tapped with a force-applying tool to remove welding stress. Then, the first flange is aligned with the side of the workbench, and the two are brought together. Figure 11 As shown, a force-applying tool is used to gently tap the weld at the first flange to remove welding stress. In this example, since the weld is completed in three stages, force needs to be applied to the weld three times in a cycle. After the force is applied, the two arc-shaped shaping blocks on the main body of the fifth plate are removed. After removal, the welding marks on the main body of the fifth plate are ground to make them smooth, ensuring that the curvature of the main body of the plate remains unchanged, and finally the main beam is obtained (e.g., Figure 12 (As shown).

[0128] In this embodiment, multiple cutting blocks in the fifth plate are subjected to N diagonal slit weldings. The welding length of each diagonal slit welding is 1 / N of the total slit length. Welding the slits in multiple stages can reduce welding errors and avoid deformation of the plate due to welding heat, thus ensuring the accuracy of the plate curvature. After the slit welding is completed, the arc-shaped shaping block can be removed from the fifth plate. The removal of the arc-shaped shaping block will not affect the curvature of the plate body, and the curvature of the plate body can remain unchanged in the target state, finally obtaining the main beam. This achieves the goal of obtaining a main beam with the target curvature without the aid of auxiliary devices.

[0129] In one embodiment, after step S5, which involves cutting and welding multiple cut blocks in the fifth plate to obtain the main beam, the method further includes:

[0130] A target cover plate with the target curvature is placed on the bent surface of the main beam, and the main beam and the target cover plate are welded together to obtain the crossbeam.

[0131] As an example, a target cover plate is placed on the bent surface of the main beam, ensuring complete overlap between the target cover plate and the bent surface. Then, spot welding is performed on the target cover plate and the bent surface of the main beam at regular intervals, with each weld point being the same distance apart, thus obtaining a crossbeam comprising the main beam and the target cover plate. In this example, uniform spot welding of the target cover plate and the bent surface of the main beam at equal intervals helps ensure the stability of the welding process, thereby guaranteeing higher accuracy of the final crossbeam.

[0132] like Figure 12 As shown, the target cover plate and the bending surface of the main beam are completely overlapped, and they are spot welded at a certain distance as the welding interval, so as to obtain a crossbeam containing the main beam and the target cover plate.

[0133] In one embodiment, before the main beam and the target cover plate are welded together to obtain the crossbeam, the sheet metal forming method further includes:

[0134] S61: Place the first cover plate flat on the second workbench, the second workbench including a workbench body and a V-shaped groove provided on the workbench body;

[0135] S62: According to the order from the middle position to the two ends of the first cover plate, force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with the target curvature.

[0136] The first cover plate refers to the original cover plate cut according to a preset shape, which has not undergone any processing or manufacturing. The second cover plate refers to the cover plate obtained by applying force to the first cover plate. The second worktable is the worktable used to shape the cover plate, which includes a worktable body and a V-shaped groove.

[0137] As an example, in step S61, the first cover plate is placed flat on the second workbench. The second workbench includes a workbench body and a V-shaped groove provided on the workbench body. The blank part of the V-shaped groove of the second workbench has a large suspended space, which facilitates the application of force to the first cover plate to form it.

[0138] As an example, in step S62, a force-applying tool is used to apply force in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate, from the middle position to both ends of the first cover plate material. The two ends need to be applied force alternately. This helps the two sides of the first cover plate to deform evenly under uniform force, ensuring that the first cover plate is uniformly bent to the target curvature, thereby obtaining a target cover plate with the target curvature.

[0139] In this embodiment, a first cover plate is placed flat on a second workbench. Force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to its center, from the middle to both ends, to obtain a target cover plate with the desired curvature. By placing the first cover plate on the second workbench and applying force to shape it, the target curvature can be achieved without the need for auxiliary devices.

[0140] In one embodiment, applying force to a first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with a target curvature includes:

[0141] S71: Apply force to the first cover plate to obtain the second cover plate;

[0142] S72: The second cover plate is corrected by using an arc-shaped detection block with the target curvature. When the curvature of the second cover plate matches the arc-shaped detection block, a target cover plate with the target curvature is obtained.

[0143] The second cover plate refers to the cover plate obtained by applying force to the first cover plate.

[0144] As an example, in step S71, a force-applying tool is used to apply force in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate, from the middle position to both ends of the first cover plate material. The two ends need to be applied force alternately, which helps the two sides of the first cover plate to deform evenly under uniform force, thereby obtaining the second cover plate after the force is applied.

[0145] As an example, in step S72, during the application of force to the second cover plate, in order to ensure that the arc formed by the applied force reaches the target state, the arc of the second cover plate needs to be corrected multiple times using an arc-shaped detection block. This ensures that the arc of the second cover plate is consistent with the arc of the arc-shaped detection block, guaranteeing that the second cover plate is applied to the target arc. When the arc of the second cover plate is completely in contact with the arc-shaped detection block, a target cover plate with the target arc is obtained. In this example, the arc-shaped detection block is used to correct the second cover plate multiple times to ensure that the final target cover plate has the same arc as the arc-shaped detection block. Furthermore, correcting while applying force makes it easier to detect changes in the arc of the second cover plate, thus making it easier to adjust the arc of the second cover plate, resulting in a more accurate arc of the final target cover plate.

[0146] Place the first cover plate flat on the second workbench, as follows: Figure 13 As shown, a force-applying tool is used in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate, applying force sequentially from the middle to both ends of the first cover plate material, with alternating force application at both ends to facilitate uniform deformation of the first cover plate and ensure that the first cover plate is uniformly bent to the target curvature; simultaneously, as... Figure 13 As shown, in order to ensure that the curvature of the second cover plate reaches the target state, the curvature of the second cover plate needs to be corrected multiple times during the force application process to ensure that the final target cover plate has the same curvature as the arc detection block, thus obtaining the target cover plate.

[0147] In this embodiment, the first cover plate is placed flat on the second workbench. According to the order from the middle position to both ends of the first cover plate, force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate to obtain the second cover plate. An arc-shaped detection block is used to correct the arc of the second cover plate. When the arc of the second cover plate matches the arc-shaped detection block, a target cover plate with the target arc is obtained. The cover plate is uniformly forceped and the arc of the cover plate is corrected, so that the cover plate can reach the target arc without the aid of auxiliary devices.

[0148] In one embodiment, the first plate is provided with clearance holes;

[0149] After shaping the curved surface of the fourth sheet metal to obtain the fifth sheet metal with the target curvature, and before welding the multiple cut blocks in the fifth sheet metal to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method also includes:

[0150] Place the target clearance rib inside the clearance hole of the fifth plate and weld the target clearance rib to the clearance hole of the fifth plate diagonally.

[0151] Diagonal welding refers to welding along the diagonal direction. Specifically, it means that when welding the relief rib to the relief hole, the two diagonal weld points are welded in a diagonal manner, and then the other diagonal weld points are welded in sequence.

[0152] like Figure 14 As shown, when welding the relief rib to the relief hole, the two diagonal weld points are welded in a diagonal manner. In this example, the welding area of ​​the relief rib is divided into six points, and the welding sequence is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, to ensure the stability of the welding between the relief rib and the relief hole.

[0153] As an example, the target relief rib is placed inside the relief hole of the fifth plate, ensuring that the rib and the hole coincide. After complete alignment, the corresponding weld points of the relief rib and the relief hole are welded using a diagonal welding method, thus securing the relief rib within the relief hole. In this example, welding the target relief rib into the relief hole using a diagonal welding method helps ensure welding stability and facilitates timely adjustments and corrections to the welding points.

[0154] In one embodiment, before placing the target clearance rib in the clearance hole of the fifth sheet metal and diagonally welding the target clearance rib to the clearance hole of the fifth sheet metal, the sheet metal forming method includes:

[0155] S81: Obtain the relief rib plate, which includes a relief rib body, a first side plate, a second side plate, and a third side plate extending from the edge of the relief rib body. The first side plate and the second side plate are disposed on opposite sides of the relief rib body, and there is an included angle between the third side plate and the first and second side plates.

[0156] S82: The first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate are bent in the same direction, so that the edges of the first side plate and the third side plate contact to form a first joint edge, and the edges of the second side plate and the third side plate contact to form a second joint edge;

[0157] S83: Weld the first and second joint edges to obtain the target clearance rib.

[0158] Among them, the avoidance rib plate refers to the avoidance rib that is cut by laser according to a preset shape and size. It is the original avoidance rib without any treatment or processing.

[0159] The term "avoiding rib body" refers to the area of ​​the avoiding rib sheet that does not require manipulation. The first side plate refers to the side of the avoiding rib sheet that requires bending and welding. The second side plate refers to the side of the avoiding rib sheet that requires bending and welding. The third side plate refers to the side of the avoiding rib sheet that requires bending and welding. The first, second, and third side plates are connected to the three sides of the avoiding rib body, with the first and third side plates located on opposite sides of the avoiding rib body. An angle exists between the second side plate and both the first and second side plates.

[0160] As an example, in step S81, a laser is used to cut the relief rib plate into a preset shape and size, dividing the relief rib plate into a relief rib body and a first side plate, a second side plate, and a third side plate extending from the edge of the relief rib body. During welding, the two sides of the second side plate are welded to the first side plate and the third side plate, respectively. Dividing the relief rib plate into regions helps ensure the convenience and accuracy of bending and welding different areas of the relief rib plate in the future.

[0161] The first joint edge refers to the weld seam where one side of the first side plate and one side of the second side plate are bent in the same direction and then come into contact, requiring welding. The second joint edge refers to the weld seam where one side of the third side plate and the other side of the second side plate are bent in the same way and then come into contact, requiring welding.

[0162] As an example, in step S82, the first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate are bent in the same direction, wherein the bending angles of the first side plate and the third side plate are the same. In this example, the bending angle of the first side plate and the third side plate can be 157°. 0 Alternatively, the angle can be determined by the included angle between the first and third side plates and the length of the joint edge; subsequently, the second side plate is also bent in the same direction at a certain angle. In this example, the bending angle of the second side plate can be 105°. 0 Alternatively, the angle can be determined by the included angle between the second and third side plates and the length of the joint edge. After bending the three side plates respectively, one side of the edge of the first side plate and one side of the edge of the second side plate contact to form the first joint edge, and one side of the edge of the third side plate and the other side of the edge of the second side plate contact to form the second joint edge. Bending the three sides extending from the edge of the main body of the avoidance rib helps to ensure the convenience and accuracy of the subsequent formation of the target avoidance rib.

[0163] As an example, in step S83, the first joint edge is formed by contacting one side of the edge of the first side plate and one side of the edge of the second side plate, and the second joint edge is formed by contacting one side of the edge of the third side plate and the other side of the edge of the second side plate. After welding, the two joint edges are polished to keep them smooth. After polishing the two joint edges, the target avoidance rib can be obtained.

[0164] The obtained relief rib plates are divided into relief rib main body, first side plate, second side plate and third side plate extending from the edge of relief rib main body, such as Figure 15 As shown, the first and second side plates are positioned on opposite sides of the main body of the relief rib, and the third side plate has an angle with both the first and second side plates. Then, the first, second, and third side plates are simultaneously bent to one side. In this example, the bending angle of the first and third side plates is 157°. 0 The second side panel is bent 105 degrees in the same direction. 0 After bending the three side plates, one edge of the first side plate and one edge of the second side plate contact each other to form a first joint edge, and one edge of the third side plate and the other edge of the second side plate contact each other to form a second joint edge. The two joint edges are then welded together. After welding, the two joint edges are ground smooth. Polishing the two joint edges yields the target clearance rib (e.g., Figure 16 (As shown).

[0165] In this embodiment, a relief rib sheet is obtained. The relief rib sheet includes a relief rib body, a first side plate, a second side plate, and a third side plate extending from the edge of the relief rib body. The first and second side plates are disposed on opposite sides of the relief rib body, and the third side plate has an included angle with both the first and second side plates. The first, second, and third side plates are bent in the same direction, so that the edges of the first and third side plates contact each other to form a first joint edge, and the edges of the second and third side plates contact each other to form a second joint edge. The first and second joint edges are welded to obtain the target relief rib. Dividing the relief rib sheet into regions makes the operation clearer and simpler when bending and welding the relief rib sheet, and also helps to ensure the accuracy of the obtained target relief rib shape.

[0166] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for forming sheet metal parts, characterized in that, include: The first plate is cut on both sides to obtain a second plate, the second plate including a plate body and a plurality of cutting blocks extending from both sides of the plate body; The multiple cut blocks on both sides of the second plate are bent to obtain a third plate, the third plate including the plate body and two first flanges extending in the same direction from both sides of the plate body; The third plate is placed on the first workbench with the first flange facing down. The first end of the third plate is supported on the ground. The first workbench is supported on the third plate away from the first end. Force is applied to the first flange of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature. The curved surface of the fourth plate is shaped to obtain a fifth plate with the target curvature; The fifth plate is subjected to N diagonal slit welding on multiple cutting blocks, and the welding length of each diagonal slit welding is 1 / N of the total slit length, where N≥2; After the weld seam is welded, stress relief is performed on the weld seam, and the arc-shaped shaping block in the fifth plate is removed to obtain the main beam.

2. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of cutting both sides of the first plate to obtain a second plate containing multiple cut blocks includes: The first board is divided into regions to determine the main body of the board and the edge regions located on both sides of the length direction of the main body of the board. The two edge regions are equally divided along the width direction of the main body of the plate to obtain a second plate containing multiple cut blocks.

3. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The third plate also includes a second flange extending outward from one side of each of the first flanges.

4. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After dividing the first sheet metal into regions to determine the main body of the sheet metal and the edge regions located on both sides of the main body of the sheet metal along its length, the sheet metal forming method further includes: Determine the first bending line and the second bending line corresponding to the first sheet material. The first bending line is the boundary line between the edge region and the main body of the sheet material, and the second bending line is a bending line set in the edge region along the length direction of the main body of the sheet material.

5. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The process of bending multiple cut blocks on both sides of the second sheet to obtain the third sheet includes: Based on the two first bending lines, multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the second plate are bent in the same direction to a first preset angle to obtain a bent plate; Based on the two second bending lines, multiple cutting blocks on both sides of the bent plate are bent outward in the same direction to a second preset angle to obtain a third plate containing a first flange and a second flange.

6. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of placing the third sheet material on the first workbench with the first flange facing downwards, the first end of the third sheet material supported on the ground, and the first workbench supported on the third sheet material away from the first end, and applying force to the first flange of the third sheet material to obtain a fourth sheet material with a preset curvature, includes: Based on the order from the middle position to both ends of the first flange, force is alternately applied to the first flange on both sides of the third plate along the direction perpendicular to the main body of the plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature.

7. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The step of alternately applying force to the first flanges on both sides of the third plate to obtain a fourth plate with a preset curvature includes: The first flanges on both sides of the third plate are alternately stressed to obtain the third plate after stress application; An arc-shaped shaping block is used to correct the arc shape of the third plate after the force is applied. When the arc of the main body of the third plate after the force is applied matches the arc-shaped shaping block, a fourth plate with a preset arc is obtained.

8. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The step of shaping the curved surface of the fourth plate to obtain a fifth plate with a target curvature includes: Two arc-shaped shaping blocks are placed on the main body of the fourth plate. The distance between each arc-shaped shaping block and each of the first bending lines is a first preset distance. Each arc-shaped shaping block is provided with at least two preset welding points at intervals. Based on the preset welding points, the unbent surfaces of the arc-shaped shaping sample block and the fourth plate are alternately spot-welded and corrected to obtain a fifth plate with the target curvature.

9. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After cutting and welding the multiple cut blocks in the fifth sheet metal to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further includes: A target cover plate with a target curvature is placed on the bent surface of the main beam, and the main beam and the target cover plate are welded together to obtain a crossbeam.

10. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Before welding the main beam and the target cover plate with the target curvature onto the bent surface of the main beam to obtain the crossbeam, the sheet metal forming method further includes: The first cover plate is placed flat on the second workbench, the second workbench including a workbench body and a V-shaped groove provided on the workbench body; According to the order from the middle position to both ends of the first cover plate, force is applied to the first cover plate in a direction perpendicular to the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with the target curvature.

11. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 10, characterized in that, Applying force to the first cover plate to obtain a target cover plate with the target curvature includes: Apply force to the first cover plate to obtain the second cover plate; The second cover plate is corrected by using an arc-shaped detection sample with a target curvature. When the curvature of the second cover plate matches the arc-shaped detection sample, a target cover plate with the target curvature is obtained.

12. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first plate is provided with clearance holes; After the fourth sheet metal is shaped to obtain a fifth sheet metal with a target curvature, and before the multiple cut blocks in the fifth sheet metal are cut and welded to obtain the main beam, the sheet metal forming method further includes: The target clearance rib is placed in the clearance hole of the fifth plate, and the target clearance rib is diagonally welded to the clearance hole of the fifth plate.

13. The sheet metal forming method as described in claim 12, characterized in that, Before placing the target clearance rib in the clearance hole of the fifth sheet metal and diagonally welding the target clearance rib to the clearance hole of the fifth sheet metal, the sheet metal forming method includes: Obtain a relief rib plate, the relief rib plate comprising a relief rib body, a first side plate, a second side plate and a third side plate extending from the edge of the relief rib body, the first side plate and the second side plate being disposed on opposite sides of the relief rib body, and the third side plate having an included angle with both the first side plate and the second side plate; The first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate are bent in the same direction, so that the edges of the first side plate and the third side plate contact each other to form a first joint edge, and the edges of the second side plate and the third side plate contact each other to form a second joint edge; Welding is performed on the first joint edge and the second joint edge to obtain the target clearance rib.

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