A method for installing building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain walls

Abstract

This invention provides a method for installing a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) curtain wall, belonging to the field of photovoltaic curtain wall construction technology. The method includes: cleaning the surface of embedded parts; using a three-dimensional coordinate control system for measurement, layout, and positioning; installing heat-insulating pads between the fixed components and the transition components, and applying foam adhesive in the gaps to prevent heat loss; installing and adjusting the transition components, and firmly connecting them to the fixed components; installing vertical and horizontal keels and connecting them by welding; constructing the insulation layer, using special thermally broken rock wool anchors to fix the fiber felt composite rock wool board; installing and fixing the cement board, and injecting weather-resistant adhesive at the joints; installing the photovoltaic curtain wall system's root support steel frame, using an optimization algorithm to calculate the optimal support structure layout to ensure the overall structural stability and load-bearing capacity; installing the photovoltaic panel unit panels, connecting the photovoltaic panel wiring and control equipment, and performing system debugging. This method solves the problem of insufficient optimization caused by relying on experience in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic panel curtain wall construction technology, and more specifically, relates to a method for installing and constructing a building-integrated photovoltaic panel curtain wall. Background Technology

[0002] Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) curtain wall technology has become an important development direction in the field of green building in recent years. Compared with traditional exterior wall decoration methods, PV curtain walls can achieve energy self-sufficiency for the building's facade while meeting architectural aesthetic requirements. Specifically, PV curtain walls consist of photovoltaic cell modules installed on a metal or glass substrate. By directly converting solar energy into electrical energy, they can provide some or even all of the building's required electricity. This not only reduces the building's energy consumption and carbon emissions but also contributes a certain amount of clean electricity to the grid, alleviating the grid supply and demand imbalance to some extent.

[0003] Meanwhile, photovoltaic curtain walls also possess excellent thermal insulation properties, effectively blocking heat exchange between indoors and outdoors, thereby reducing the building's heating and cooling load and further improving energy efficiency. Furthermore, the glass or metal materials used in photovoltaic curtain walls can enhance the building's exterior wall's wind pressure resistance and waterproofing, extending the building's overall lifespan. Therefore, photovoltaic curtain wall technology not only offers energy-saving and environmental protection advantages but also improves the overall performance of buildings, attracting widespread attention and application in the construction industry.

[0004] However, existing photovoltaic (PV) curtain wall installation technologies still face several unresolved issues. For example, the connection between the PV curtain wall system and the building's main structure is complex, requiring precise positioning and reliable connection across multiple layers of structures, including embedded parts, adapters, and the keel, demanding high construction precision. Furthermore, when designing the PV curtain wall support structure, construction workers often rely on experience to determine the quantity, location, angle, and connection method of the support components. This often results in an incomplete and poorly optimized PV curtain wall support structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall installation method, which can solve the problem that current construction workers often rely on experience to set the number, position, angle and connection method of support components when designing the support structure of photovoltaic curtain walls, resulting in insufficient optimization.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a method for installing building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain walls, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S10. Clean the surface of the embedded parts to ensure that the surface is clean and tidy;

[0009] S20. A three-dimensional coordinate control system is used for measurement, layout, and positioning to ensure installation accuracy and photovoltaic panel plane control requirements.

[0010] S30. Install heat insulation pads between the fixed parts and the transition parts, and apply foam adhesive in the gap to prevent heat loss.

[0011] S40. Install and adjust the adapter, and securely position and connect the adapter to the fastener.

[0012] S50. Install vertical and horizontal keels, use a laser theodolite for precise positioning, and connect them by welding.

[0013] S60. Construction insulation layer: Use special thermal break rock wool anchors to fix fiber felt composite rock wool board.

[0014] S70. Install and fix the cement board, and inject weather-resistant sealant at the joints;

[0015] S80. The photovoltaic curtain wall system is installed with a root support steel frame. An optimization algorithm is used to calculate the optimal support structure layout to ensure the stability and load-bearing capacity of the overall structure.

[0016] S90. Install the photovoltaic panel unit modules, connect the photovoltaic panel lines and control equipment, and perform system debugging.

[0017] Based on the above technical solution, the building-integrated photovoltaic panel curtain wall installation method of the present invention can be further improved as follows:

[0018] The step of calculating the optimal support structure layout using an optimization algorithm specifically includes:

[0019] S81. Establish a parametric model of the supporting structure;

[0020] S82. Define the optimization objective function of the parameterized model;

[0021] S83. Determine the constraints of the parameterized model;

[0022] S84. Generate a series of candidate support structure layout schemes based on the preset basic layout scheme;

[0023] S85. Perform finite element analysis on each candidate support structure layout scheme and calculate its structural response under different load conditions; evaluate the fitness of each candidate scheme according to the objective function and constraints, and iteratively optimize the layout using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

[0024] S86. Complete the iterative output of the optimal support structure layout scheme.

[0025] Furthermore, the parametric model includes the geometric dimensions, material properties, and connection methods of the supporting steel frame.

[0026] Furthermore, the optimization objective function comprehensively considers structural weight, material cost, installation difficulty, and photovoltaic panel coverage area.

[0027] Furthermore, the constraints include structural strength requirements, deformation limits, and stability standards.

[0028] Furthermore, the method for generating a series of candidate support structure layout schemes employs Latin hypercube sampling.

[0029] Furthermore, the layout scheme includes the number, position, angle, and connection method of the supporting steel frame.

[0030] The specific objective function for optimization is expressed as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, F is the objective function value, the smaller the better; M is the total structural weight; C is the total material cost; D is the installation difficulty coefficient; A is the photovoltaic panel coverage area; M max C max D max 、A max These represent the maximum allowable values ​​for each indicator; w1, w2, w3, and w4 are weighting coefficients, satisfying... ε is the error term.

[0033] The specific constraints are as follows:

[0034] 1. Structural strength constraints:

[0035] σ max ≤[σ];

[0036] In the formula, σ max [σ] represents the maximum stress; [σ] represents the allowable stress.

[0037] 2. Deformation constraint:

[0038] δ max ≤[δ];

[0039] In the formula, δ max [δ] represents the maximum deformation; [δ] represents the allowable deformation.

[0040] 3. Stability constraints:

[0041] λ min ≥[λ];

[0042] In the formula, λ min[λ] is the minimum eigenvalue; [λ] is the critical eigenvalue required for stability.

[0043] The fitness function of the candidate solution is specifically expressed as follows:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, Fitness is the fitness value; F is the objective function value; p i As a penalty factor; g i (x) represents the degree of violation of the i-th constraint; n represents the total number of constraints.

[0046] The parameter acquisition method is as follows:

[0047] M is calculated using the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Calculate the volume V of each component. i ;

[0049] Step 2: Calculate the total weight

[0050] In the formula, ρ i Let be the material density of the i-th component; k is the total number of components.

[0051] C is calculated using the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: Calculate the amount Q of each material. j ;

[0053] Step 2: Calculate the total cost

[0054] In the formula, P j Let m be the unit price of the j-th material; m is the number of material types.

[0055] D is calculated using the following formula:

[0056] D = α1N + α2θ + α3L + β;

[0057] In the formula, N is the number of supporting steel frames; θ is the maximum tilt angle of the supporting steel frames; L is the length of the longest member; α1, α2, and α3 are coefficients; and β is a constant term.

[0058] A is calculated using the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Calculate the effective area S of each photovoltaic panel i ;

[0060] Step 2: Calculate the total coverage area

[0061] In the formula, p represents the total number of photovoltaic panels.

[0062] σ max δ max and λ min The results were obtained through finite element analysis, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0063] Step 1: Establish a finite element model;

[0064] Step 2: Apply boundary conditions and loads;

[0065] Step 3: Solve the linear statics equation [K]{u}={F};

[0066] In the formula, [K] is the stiffness matrix; {u} is the nodal displacement vector; and {F} is the nodal force vector.

[0067] Step 4: Calculate stress, deformation, and eigenvalues.

[0068] Specifically, step S10, cleaning the surface of the embedded part to ensure it is clean and tidy, includes:

[0069] Step 101: Use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the embedded part with a water pressure of not less than 3MPa to remove impurities, oil stains, etc., so that the surface is clean and tidy.

[0070] Step 102: Use a grinder or polisher to grind the surface of the embedded part to remove protrusions, rust, etc., so that the surface roughness is less than Ra3.2μm.

[0071] Step 103: After grinding, carefully wipe the surface of the embedded part with a dry cloth or rag to ensure that there are no residues and that the surface cleanliness meets the requirements of "Level 1" in the national standard GB / T 13410-2013.

[0072] Specifically, step S20 employs a three-dimensional coordinate control system for measurement, layout, and positioning to ensure installation accuracy and photovoltaic panel plane control requirements, specifically including:

[0073] Step 201: Use a three-dimensional laser rangefinder to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the embedded part and obtain its three-dimensional coordinate values. The measurement accuracy is controlled within ±1mm.

[0074] Step 202: Based on the design drawings, use CAD software to draw a three-dimensional model, and import the measured coordinate information of the embedded parts into the model. Use the measurement tools in the CAD software to calculate the relative positional relationship between the embedded parts, and compare and analyze it with the design requirements to ensure that the installation position meets the design requirements.

[0075] Step 203: During the actual installation process, a laser theodolite is used to position and lay out the lines on the construction site to ensure that the installation position accuracy of the adapter and the embedded parts is not less than ±2mm.

[0076] Specifically, step S30, which involves installing a heat-insulating pad between the fixed component and the transition component, and applying foam adhesive in the gap to prevent heat loss, includes:

[0077] Step 301: Apply high-temperature resistant silicone sealant evenly to the contact surfaces of the fastener and the adapter, with a thickness controlled at 2-3 mm.

[0078] Step 302: After applying silicone sealant, place a 10mm thick high-density rubber and plastic insulation pad. The thermal conductivity of the insulation pad should be less than 0.035W / (m·K).

[0079] Step 303: Inject low-modulus polyurethane foam into the gaps between the insulation pad and the fixing parts and the adapter parts to effectively block the loss of heat in the gaps.

[0080] Specifically, step S40, installing and adjusting the adapter, and firmly positioning and connecting the adapter to the fixing component, includes:

[0081] Step 401: First, align the adapter with the pre-embedded fastener, and use measuring tools such as a dial indicator to check the flatness and perpendicularity of the two to ensure that they meet the design requirements.

[0082] Step 402: Apply structural adhesive with a shear strength of not less than 10 MPa between the adapter and the fastener, and use bolts with a strength grade of not less than 8.8 to connect and fix the two together.

[0083] Step 403: Use a torque wrench to tighten the bolts one by one to ensure a reliable connection. The bolt preload should reach about 70% of its tensile strength.

[0084] Step 404: Measure and record the actual position coordinates of the adapter after installation, and compare them with the design requirements. The error should be controlled within ±2mm.

[0085] Specifically, step S50, which involves installing vertical and horizontal keels, using a laser theodolite for precise positioning, and connecting them by welding, includes:

[0086] Step 501: According to the design requirements, position the vertical and horizontal keel accessories, and use a laser theodolite for precise positioning and layout. The spacing between vertical keels should be controlled at 600-800mm, and the spacing between horizontal keels should be controlled at 800-1000mm.

[0087] Step 502: Use a CO2 welding machine to weld the intersection of the keel accessories. The weld length should not be less than 80mm, the weld leg length should not be less than 6mm, and the weld shape should be full and neat.

[0088] Step 503: Visually inspect the weld points to ensure there are no defects such as cracks or slag inclusions. If necessary, further inspection of the weld quality can be carried out using methods such as penetrant testing.

[0089] Step 504: Measure and record the actual position and dimensions of the keel support after installation, ensuring the deviation is within ±3mm.

[0090] Specifically, step S60, constructing the insulation layer, involves using specialized thermal break rock wool anchors to fix the fiber felt composite rock wool board, and includes:

[0091] Step 601: Select a fiber felt composite rock wool insulation board with a thickness of 100mm and a thermal conductivity coefficient of no more than 0.038W / (m·K).

[0092] Step 602: Install special thermally broken rock wool anchors on the surface of the keel support. The diameter of the anchors should not be less than 10mm, and their pull-out force should not be less than 0.8kN. The anchor spacing should be controlled between 400-600mm.

[0093] Step 603: Align the insulation board with the anchor bolt position and fix it with a special plastic washer. After the insulation board is installed, its flatness deviation should be controlled within ±3mm.

[0094] Step 604: Apply a 3-5mm thick polymer waterproof coating to the joints of the insulation layer to ensure the waterproofness of the insulation layer.

[0095] Specifically, step S70, installing and fixing the cement board and injecting weather-resistant sealant at the joints, includes:

[0096] Step 701: Select a high-strength cement fiberboard with a thickness of 12mm and a bending strength of not less than 24MPa.

[0097] Step 702: Use mechanical expansion bolts with a diameter of not less than 8mm and a tensile strength of not less than 1.2kN to fix the cement board to the keel support. The bolt spacing should be controlled between 400-600mm.

[0098] Step 703: For the joints of cement boards, use a high-elasticity, weather-resistant sealant with an elongation of not less than 300% and good anti-aging properties to fill and seal the joints.

[0099] Step 704: Measure and record the flatness of the cement board after installation, with the deviation controlled within ±2mm.

[0100] Specifically, step S80 involves installing the photovoltaic curtain wall system's anchoring support steel frame, and using an optimization algorithm to calculate the optimal support structure layout to ensure the overall structure's stability and load-bearing capacity. This includes:

[0101] Step 801: Establish a parametric model that includes factors such as the geometric dimensions, material properties, and connection methods of the supporting steel frame.

[0102] Step 802: Define the optimization objective function Taking into account structural weight M, material cost C, installation difficulty D, and photovoltaic panel coverage area A.

[0103] Step 803: Determine the structural strength constraint σ max ≤[σ], Deformation constraint δ max ≤[δ] and stability constraint λ min ≥[λ].

[0104] Step 804: Using the Latin hypercube sampling method, a series of candidate support structure layout schemes are generated based on the preset basic layout.

[0105] Step 805: Perform finite element analysis on each candidate scheme, calculate its structural response under different load conditions, and evaluate its fitness based on the objective function and constraints.

[0106] Step 806: The candidate schemes are iteratively optimized using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the optimal support structure layout scheme is finally output.

[0107] Specifically, step S90, which involves installing the photovoltaic panel unit, connecting the photovoltaic panel wiring and control equipment, and performing system debugging, includes:

[0108] Step 901: Align the photovoltaic panel unit with the installation position of the supporting steel frame and fix it securely using a special clamp, with the installation deviation controlled within ±5mm.

[0109] Step 902: According to the design requirements, complete the connection of electrical equipment such as DC lines, AC combiner boxes and inverters between each photovoltaic panel unit. The electrical connection shall comply with GB / T19939-2005 standard.

[0110] Step 903: Using professional testing instruments, test the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, maximum power point voltage and current, and other parameters of the photovoltaic panel unit to ensure that all parameters meet the design specifications.

[0111] Step 904: Conduct joint commissioning of the entire photovoltaic curtain wall system, including the monitoring system, lightning protection system, grounding system, etc., to ensure that all components of the system work in coordination and meet the design requirements.

[0112] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the building-integrated photovoltaic panel curtain wall installation method provided by this invention are:

[0113] Firstly, regarding the installation and positioning of the curtain wall system, this invention employs three-dimensional coordinate measurement technology, which can accurately locate the installation positions of embedded parts and transition pieces, ensuring the overall flatness and installation accuracy of the curtain wall. This not only improves construction quality but also greatly simplifies on-site commissioning procedures and increases construction efficiency. Simultaneously, the placement of thermal insulation pads and foam sealant between the fixed parts and transition pieces effectively reduces heat transfer within the structure, enhancing the overall thermal insulation performance of the curtain wall.

[0114] Secondly, regarding the installation of the insulation layer, this invention uses specialized thermal break anchors to fix the insulation board, which not only ensures the firmness of the insulation layer but also minimizes shading of the photovoltaic panel coverage area. This insulation construction method guarantees both the overall thermal insulation effect of the building and the efficient operation of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0115] Furthermore, regarding the design optimization of the supporting structure, this invention proposes a method based on a parametric model and optimization algorithm. This method comprehensively considers multiple factors such as structural weight, material cost, installation difficulty, and photovoltaic panel coverage area. Through Latin hypercube sampling and particle swarm optimization algorithms, it outputs the optimal supporting structure layout scheme that satisfies strength, deformation, and stability constraints. This ensures the reliability and durability of the entire curtain wall system while maximizing the effective area for photovoltaic power generation.

[0116] In summary, the construction method proposed in this invention innovates in several aspects, including installation accuracy, thermal insulation performance, and support structure optimization. It effectively solves key problems existing in current photovoltaic curtain wall construction and significantly improves the overall performance of the photovoltaic curtain wall system. It also addresses the issue that current construction workers often rely on experience to set the quantity, position, angle, and connection method of support components when designing the support structure of photovoltaic curtain walls, resulting in insufficient optimization. Attached Figure Description

[0117] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method provided by the present invention;

[0118] Figure 2 A flowchart for calculating the optimal support structure layout using an optimization algorithm; Detailed Implementation

[0119] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0120] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall installation method provided by this invention. This method includes the following steps:

[0121] S10. Clean the surface of the embedded parts to ensure that the surface is clean and tidy;

[0122] S20. A three-dimensional coordinate control system is used for measurement, layout, and positioning to ensure installation accuracy and photovoltaic panel plane control requirements.

[0123] S30. Install heat insulation pads between the fixed parts and the transition parts, and apply foam adhesive in the gap to prevent heat loss.

[0124] S40. Install and adjust the adapter, and securely position and connect the adapter to the fastener.

[0125] S50. Install vertical and horizontal keels, use a laser theodolite for precise positioning, and connect them by welding.

[0126] S60. Construction insulation layer: Use special thermal break rock wool anchors to fix fiber felt composite rock wool board.

[0127] S70. Install and fix the cement board, and inject weather-resistant sealant at the joints;

[0128] S80. The photovoltaic curtain wall system is installed with a root support steel frame. An optimization algorithm is used to calculate the optimal support structure layout to ensure the stability and load-bearing capacity of the overall structure.

[0129] S90. Install the photovoltaic panel unit modules, connect the photovoltaic panel lines and control equipment, and perform system debugging.

[0130] The specific implementation methods of the above steps are described in detail below:

[0131] Step S10: Clean the surface of the embedded parts to ensure it is clean and tidy.

[0132] The purpose of this step is to ensure that the surface of the embedded parts is clean and smooth so that subsequent installation work can proceed smoothly. Specific implementation methods include:

[0133] 1) Use a high-pressure water gun to rinse the surface of the embedded parts to remove impurities, oil, etc. The rinsing water pressure should not be less than 3MPa to ensure that the surface is clean and tidy.

[0134] 2) Use a grinder or polisher to grind the surface of the embedded part to remove protrusions, rust, etc. After grinding, the surface roughness should be less than Ra3.2μm.

[0135] 3) After grinding, carefully wipe the surface of the embedded part with a dry cloth or rag to ensure that there are no residues. The surface cleanliness should meet the requirements of "Level 1" in the national standard GB / T 13410-2013.

[0136] Step S20: A three-dimensional coordinate control system is used for measurement, layout, and positioning to ensure installation accuracy and photovoltaic panel plane control requirements.

[0137] The purpose of this step is to use a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system to accurately locate the installation position, ensuring the overall flatness and installation accuracy of the photovoltaic panel curtain wall. Specific implementation methods include:

[0138] 1) Use a three-dimensional laser rangefinder to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the embedded parts and obtain their three-dimensional coordinate values. The measurement accuracy should be controlled within ±1mm.

[0139] 2) Based on the photovoltaic panel curtain wall design drawings, use CAD software to draw a three-dimensional model and import the measured embedded part coordinate information into the model.

[0140] 3) Calculate the relative positions of the embedded parts using the measurement tools in CAD software, and compare and analyze the results with the design drawings to ensure that the installation positions meet the design requirements. If there are deviations, the installation positions of the embedded parts can be adjusted appropriately.

[0141] 4) During the actual installation process, a laser theodolite is used to position and lay out the lines on the construction site to ensure that the installation position accuracy of the adapter and the embedded parts is not less than ±2mm.

[0142] Step S30: Install a heat insulation pad between the fixed part and the transition part, and apply foam adhesive in the gap to prevent heat loss.

[0143] The purpose of this step is to install a heat insulation layer between the fixed component and the transition component to reduce heat conduction between them, thereby reducing structural deformation caused by temperature changes. Specific implementation methods include:

[0144] 1) Apply high-temperature resistant silicone sealant evenly to the contact surfaces of the fastener and the adapter, with a thickness controlled at 2-3 mm.

[0145] 2) After applying the silicone sealant, place a 10mm thick high-density rubber and plastic insulation pad to ensure insulation performance. The thermal conductivity of the insulation pad should be less than 0.035 W / (m·K).

[0146] 3) Inject low-modulus polyurethane foam into the gaps between the insulation block and the fixing and transition parts. After the foam has cured, it can effectively prevent heat loss in the gaps.

[0147] Step S40: Install and adjust the adapter, and securely connect the adapter to the fastener.

[0148] The purpose of this step is to reliably connect the adapter to the pre-embedded fixing components, laying the foundation for subsequent curtain wall installation. Specific implementation methods include:

[0149] 1) First, align the adapter with the pre-embedded fastener, and use measuring tools such as a dial indicator to check the flatness and perpendicularity of the two to ensure that they meet the design requirements.

[0150] 2) Apply structural adhesive between the adapter and the fastener, and then use bolts to connect and fix them together. The shear strength of the structural adhesive shall not be less than 10 MPa, and the bolt strength grade shall not be less than 8.8.

[0151] 3) Tighten each bolt individually with a torque wrench to ensure a reliable connection. The bolt preload should reach approximately 70% of its tensile strength.

[0152] 4) Measure and record the actual position coordinates of the adapter after installation, compare them with the design requirements, and control the error within ±2mm.

[0153] Step S50: Install the vertical and horizontal keels, accurately position them using a laser theodolite, and connect them by welding.

[0154] The purpose of this step is to construct the supporting framework for the curtain wall, laying the foundation for the subsequent installation of the insulation layer and photovoltaic panels. Specific implementation methods include:

[0155] 1) According to the design requirements, position the vertical and horizontal keel accessories and use a laser theodolite for precise positioning and layout. The spacing between vertical keels should be controlled at 600-800mm, and the spacing between horizontal keels should be controlled at 800-1000mm.

[0156] 2) Use a CO2 welding machine to weld the intersections of the keel fittings. The weld length should not be less than 80mm, the weld leg length should not be less than 6mm, and the weld shape should be full and neat.

[0157] 3) Visually inspect the weld joints to ensure there are no cracks, slag inclusions, or other defects. If necessary, penetrant testing or other methods can be used to further inspect the weld quality.

[0158] 4) Measure and record the actual position and dimensions of the keel support after installation, ensuring that the deviation is within ±3mm.

[0159] Step S60: Construct the insulation layer, using special thermal break rock wool anchors to fix the fiber felt composite rock wool board.

[0160] The purpose of this step is to install an insulation layer on the outside of the keel support to improve the overall thermal insulation performance of the curtain wall. Specific implementation methods include:

[0161] 1) Select fiber felt composite rock wool insulation board with a thickness of 100mm and a thermal conductivity coefficient of no more than 0.038W / (m·K).

[0162] 2) Install dedicated thermally broken rock wool anchors on the surface of the keel support, with the anchor spacing controlled at 400-600mm. The anchor diameter should not be less than 10mm, and its pull-out resistance should not be less than 0.8kN.

[0163] 3) Align the insulation board with the anchor bolts and secure it using dedicated plastic washers. After installation, the flatness deviation of the insulation board should be controlled within ±3mm.

[0164] 4) Apply a 3-5mm thick polymer waterproof coating to the joints of the insulation layer to ensure the waterproofness of the insulation layer.

[0165] Step S70: Install and fix the cement board, and apply weather-resistant sealant to the joints.

[0166] The purpose of this step is to install a cement board on the outside of the insulation layer, providing a flat and sturdy supporting surface for the subsequent installation of photovoltaic panels. Specific implementation methods include:

[0167] 1) Select high-strength cement fiberboard with a thickness of 12mm and a bending strength of not less than 24MPa.

[0168] 2) Use mechanical expansion bolts to fix the cement board to the keel support, with the bolt spacing controlled between 400-600mm. The bolt diameter should not be less than 8mm, and its pull-out strength should not be less than 1.2kN.

[0169] 3) For the joints of cement boards, use a high-elasticity, weather-resistant sealant to fill and seal the joints. The sealant should have an elongation of not less than 300% and good anti-aging properties.

[0170] 4) Measure and record the flatness of the cement board after installation, and control the deviation within ±2mm.

[0171] Step S80: Install the photovoltaic curtain wall system's anchoring support steel frame. Optimization algorithms are used to calculate the best support structure layout to ensure the overall structure's stability and load-bearing capacity.

[0172] The purpose of this step is to design a supporting steel frame layout scheme that meets both structural strength and stability requirements while maximizing the photovoltaic panel coverage area. Specific implementation methods include:

[0173] Step 81 - Establish a parametric model of the support structure:

[0174] 1) Incorporate factors such as the geometric dimensions (length, cross-sectional shape, thickness, etc.), material properties (elastic modulus, yield strength, etc.), and connection methods (welding, bolts, etc.) of the supporting steel frame into the parametric model.

[0175] 2) The layout scheme of the supporting steel frame, such as the number, position, and tilt angle of the supporting components, is also included in the model as a variable parameter.

[0176] Step 82 - Define the optimization objective function:

[0177] The objective function F considers four factors: structural weight M, material cost C, installation difficulty D, and photovoltaic panel coverage area A. Its expression is as follows:

[0178]

[0179] In the formula, w1, w2, w3, and w4 are the weight coefficients of the corresponding indicators, satisfying the following conditions: ε is the error term. The goal is to minimize the value of F.

[0180] Step 83 - Determine optimization constraints:

[0181] 1) Structural strength constraint: σ max ≤[σ], where σ max [σ] represents the maximum stress, and [σ] represents the allowable stress.

[0182] 2) Deformation constraint: δ max ≤[δ], where δ max [δ] represents the maximum deformation, and [δ] represents the allowable deformation.

[0183] 3) Stability constraint: λ min ≥[λ], where λ min λ is the minimum eigenvalue, and [λ] is the critical eigenvalue.

[0184] Step 84 - Generate candidate solutions:

[0185] Using the Latin hypercube sampling method, a series of candidate support structure layout schemes are generated based on a preset basic layout scheme, including parameters such as the number, position, angle and connection method of support components.

[0186] Step 85 - Evaluate candidate solutions:

[0187] Finite element analysis was performed on each candidate scheme to calculate its structural response indices, such as stress σ, under different load conditions. max Deformation δ max and eigenvalues ​​λ min wait.

[0188] Based on the optimization objective function F and the constraint condition g i (x), calculate the fitness function for each candidate solution:

[0189]

[0190] Where, p i Let be the penalty factor for the i-th constraint.

[0191] Step 86 - Iterative Optimization:

[0192] The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the candidate schemes until convergence is obtained to obtain the optimal support structure layout scheme.

[0193] Step S90: Install the photovoltaic panel unit modules, connect the photovoltaic panel wiring and control equipment, and perform system debugging.

[0194] The purpose of this step is to install the photovoltaic panel units onto the pre-built support structure and complete the electrical connections and commissioning of the entire photovoltaic curtain wall system. Specific implementation methods include:

[0195] 1) Align the photovoltaic panel unit with the installation position on the supporting steel frame and secure it reliably using special clamps. The installation deviation of the photovoltaic panel should be controlled within ±5mm.

[0196] 2) Connect the DC lines, AC combiner boxes, and inverters between each photovoltaic panel unit according to the design requirements. The electrical connections shall comply with GB / T19939-2005 standard.

[0197] 3) Using professional testing instruments, the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, maximum power point voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel unit are tested to ensure that all parameters meet the design specifications.

[0198] 4) Conduct joint commissioning of the entire photovoltaic curtain wall system, including the monitoring system, lightning protection system, grounding system, etc., to ensure that all components of the system work in coordination and meet the design requirements.

[0199] In summary, the construction method of this invention achieves the installation and construction of a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) curtain wall through multiple specific steps, from cleaning the surface of embedded parts, installation positioning, thermal insulation, frame construction, insulation layer construction, curtain wall installation to photovoltaic system commissioning. It involves technologies such as three-dimensional coordinate measurement and optimization algorithm design to ensure overall installation quality and structural performance. The entire construction process is strictly carried out according to design requirements, with all parameters and deviations clearly controlled, effectively guaranteeing the stability and reliability of the photovoltaic curtain wall system.

[0200] Specifically, the principle of this invention is:

[0201] 1. Precise Installation Achieved Using 3D Coordinate Measurement Technology: The installation of photovoltaic curtain wall systems requires precise positioning and connection between multiple components such as embedded parts, adapters, and keels, demanding high construction accuracy. This invention uses a 3D laser rangefinder to measure the spatial position of embedded parts in three dimensions, and imports the measurement data into a CAD model for analysis and comparison to ensure that the installation position meets design requirements. During actual installation, a laser theodolite is also used for precise positioning and layout, ensuring that the installation deviation of each component is within ±2mm. This 3D coordinate control technology ensures the installation accuracy and flatness of the entire curtain wall system, laying the foundation for the subsequent installation of the insulation layer and supporting structure.

[0202] 2. Enhanced Thermal Insulation Performance Through Insulation Design: To improve the overall thermal insulation performance of the photovoltaic curtain wall, this invention incorporates thermal insulation pads between the fixing components and the transition components, and injects foam adhesive into the gaps. This design not only effectively blocks heat conduction within the structure but also prevents structural deformation caused by temperature changes. Furthermore, high-performance fiber felt composite rock wool insulation boards are installed on the outside of the keel support, secured using specialized thermal break anchors. This insulation layer design minimizes shading of the photovoltaic panel area while ensuring excellent overall building insulation, representing an optimized design that balances thermal insulation performance and power generation efficiency.

[0203] 3. Optimization Algorithm for Support Structure Layout Design: The design of the support structure for photovoltaic curtain walls is a multi-objective optimization problem, requiring an optimal balance between factors such as structural strength, stability, material cost, and installation difficulty. This invention proposes a support structure design method based on a parametric model and optimization algorithm. First, a parametric model incorporating factors such as geometric dimensions, material properties, and connection methods is established, and an optimization objective function considering these multiple factors is defined. Then, a series of candidate schemes are generated using the Latin hypercube sampling method, and the structural response index of each scheme is calculated through finite element analysis to evaluate its fitness. Finally, the candidate schemes are iteratively optimized using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal support structure layout that satisfies the constraints of strength, deformation, and stability. This optimization design method fully considers the actual engineering requirements, ensuring the reliability and durability of the entire curtain wall system.

[0204] In summary, the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall installation method proposed in this invention fully utilizes key technologies such as three-dimensional coordinate measurement, thermal insulation design, and support structure optimization, solving problems such as precision control, thermal insulation performance, and structural design in existing photovoltaic curtain wall construction.

[0205] To better understand and implement this invention, a specific embodiment 1 of the steps for calculating the optimal support structure layout using an optimization algorithm is provided below. Each step in this embodiment 1 is described in detail below:

[0206] Step S81 - Establish a parametric model of the support structure:

[0207] The purpose of this step is to fully incorporate factors such as the geometric dimensions, material properties, and connection methods of the supporting steel frame into the parametric model, laying the foundation for subsequent optimization calculations.

[0208] Specifically, the parameterized model includes the following main parameters:

[0209] 1) The geometric dimensions of the supporting steel frame, such as length L, cross-sectional shape (e.g., width b and height h of a rectangular cross-section) and thickness t, etc.

[0210] 2) Material properties of the supporting steel frame, such as elastic modulus E and yield strength σ. y Density ρ, etc.

[0211] 3) The connection method between the supporting steel frame and other components, such as welding, bolting, or other methods. For welded connections, the weld cross-sectional area A needs to be considered. w weld length l w Parameters; for bolted connections, the bolt diameter d needs to be considered. b Length l b Quantity n b Parameters such as these.

[0212] The aforementioned geometric dimensions, material properties, and connection parameters are uniformly organized into a parametric model, which can be represented in the following matrix form:

[0213]

[0214] Here, X is a parameter vector containing all the design parameters of the supporting steel frame. Subsequent optimization calculations focus on solving and optimizing these parameters.

[0215] Step S82 - Define the optimization objective function:

[0216] The purpose of this step is to establish an optimization objective function F that comprehensively considers factors such as structural weight, material cost, installation difficulty, and photovoltaic panel coverage area, so as to provide a basis for subsequent optimization calculations.

[0217] The specific expression for the objective function F is as follows:

[0218]

[0219] Where: M is the total weight of the supporting structure; C is the total material cost of the supporting structure; D is the installation difficulty coefficient of the supporting structure; A is the total coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic panels; M max C max D max 、A max These represent the maximum allowable values ​​for each indicator; w1, w2, w3, and w4 are the weighting coefficients for the corresponding indicators, satisfying... ε is the error term.

[0220] The goal is to minimize the F-value, that is, to reduce the structural weight and material cost to the greatest extent possible while increasing the coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic panels, while satisfying all constraints.

[0221] Next, we will analyze the calculation methods for each indicator in detail:

[0222] 1) Calculation of structural weight M:

[0223]

[0224] In the formula, ρ i Let V be the material density of the i-th component. i Let k be the volume of the i-th component, and k be the total number of components.

[0225] 2) Calculation of material cost C:

[0226]

[0227] In the formula, P j Let Q be the unit price of the j-th material. j Let m be the amount of material j, and m be the number of material types.

[0228] 3) Calculation of installation difficulty coefficient D:

[0229] D = α1N + α2θ + α3L + β;

[0230] In the formula, N is the number of supporting steel frames, θ is the maximum tilt angle of the supporting steel frames, L is the length of the longest member, α1, α2, and α3 are coefficients, and β is a constant term.

[0231] 4) Calculation of the photovoltaic panel coverage area A:

[0232]

[0233] In the formula, S i Let be the effective area of ​​the i-th photovoltaic panel, and p be the total number of photovoltaic panels.

[0234] The variables and constants involved in the calculation formulas of the above indicators all have clear physical meanings and calculation methods, which can provide a basis for subsequent optimization calculations.

[0235] Step S83 - Determine optimization constraints:

[0236] The purpose of this step is to propose constraints applicable to this optimization problem based on structural mechanics and stability theory, so as to ensure that the designed support structure meets engineering requirements.

[0237] The main constraints include:

[0238] 1) Structural strength constraints:

[0239] σ max ≤[σ];

[0240] In the formula, σ max [σ] represents the maximum equivalent stress in the supporting structure, and [σ] represents the allowable stress of the material.

[0241] 2) Deformation constraint:

[0242] δ max ≤[δ];

[0243] In the formula, δ max [δ] represents the maximum displacement deformation in the supporting structure, and [δ] represents the maximum allowable deformation.

[0244] 3) Stability constraints:

[0245] λ min ≥[λ];

[0246] In the formula, λ min [λ] is the minimum eigenvalue supporting the structure, and [λ] is the critical eigenvalue required for the stability of the structure.

[0247] The three constraints mentioned above, concerning strength, deformation, and stability respectively, ensure that the designed support structure meets the engineering load-bearing and service requirements. In subsequent optimization calculations, it is necessary to ensure that these constraints are satisfied.

[0248] Step S84 - Generate candidate support structure layout schemes:

[0249] The purpose of this step is to generate a series of candidate support structure layout schemes based on the preset basic layout scheme, including parameters such as the number, position, angle and connection method of support components, so as to provide options for subsequent optimization calculations.

[0250] Specifically, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) can be used to generate candidate solutions. LHS is a probabilistic sampling method that can generate sample points relatively uniformly in a multidimensional parameter space, avoiding the problem of uneven sample distribution that may occur in traditional random sampling.

[0251] Let the design parameter vector of the supporting structure be X = [x1, x2, ..., x]. n ] T , where n is the total number of parameters. For each parameter x i Its value range is defined as [a i ,b i ].

[0252] Using the LHS method, N sample points X1, X2, ..., X can be generated. N ,in:

[0253] X k =[x1x,x 2k ,…,x nk ] T k = 1, 2, ..., N;

[0254] Each sample point X k For each candidate support structure layout scheme, all design parameters are included, such as the number, location, angle, and connection method of the support components.

[0255] The candidate solutions generated by this method can cover the design parameter space well, providing a wider range of choices for subsequent optimization calculations.

[0256] Step S85 - Evaluate candidate support structure layout schemes:

[0257] The purpose of this step is to perform finite element analysis and fitness evaluation on each candidate scheme generated in step S84, laying the foundation for subsequent optimization iterations.

[0258] Specifically, for each candidate solution X k The following steps are required:

[0259] 1) Based on parameter X k Establish the corresponding finite element analysis model, including geometric model, material model, load conditions, and boundary conditions.

[0260] 2) Numerical solution of the finite element model to calculate the maximum stress σ in the structure. max Maximum displacement δ max and the minimum eigenvalue λ min Response indicators, etc.

[0261] 3) Compare the above response indicators with the constraints of the optimization problem to determine whether the candidate solution meets the requirements of strength, deformation and stability.

[0262] 4) Based on the optimization objective function F and the constraint condition g i (x), calculate the fitness function value of the candidate solution:

[0263]

[0264] Where, p i Let be the penalty factor for the i-th constraint.

[0265] By following the steps above, the performance metrics of each candidate solution can be evaluated, and its fitness value can be given. The higher the fitness value, the closer the solution is to the optimization objective, and the more likely it is to become the final optimal solution.

[0266] Step S86 - Iterative optimization yields the optimal support structure layout:

[0267] The purpose of this step is to use an optimization algorithm to iteratively optimize the candidate schemes evaluated in step S85, and finally obtain the optimal support structure layout scheme that satisfies all constraints.

[0268] The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm can be used to solve this problem. PSO is a stochastic optimization algorithm based on swarm intelligence that searches for the optimal solution in a multi-dimensional parameter space by simulating the foraging behavior of bird flocks.

[0269] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0270] 1) Initialize the particle swarm. Use the N candidate schemes generated in step S84 as the initial particle swarm, with each particle corresponding to a support structure layout scheme.

[0271] 2) Calculate the fitness value of each particle and record the current best particle p. best and the globally optimal particle g best .

[0272] 3) Update the position and velocity of each particle iteratively according to the update formula of the PSO algorithm:

[0273]

[0274] in, and Let be the velocity and position of the i-th particle in the t-th iteration, respectively; w be the inertial weight; c1 and c2 be the acceleration coefficients; and r1 and r2 be random numbers.

[0275] 4) During the iteration process, continuously update the current optimal particle p. best and the globally optimal particle g best .

[0276] 5) When the preset iteration termination condition is reached (such as the maximum number of iterations or the convergence accuracy of the objective function), output g. best The corresponding optimal support structure layout scheme.

[0277] Through iterative optimization of the PSO algorithm described above, an optimal support structure layout scheme that minimizes structural weight and material cost while maximizing photovoltaic panel coverage can be obtained, while satisfying all constraints. This provides the best support structure design for subsequent curtain wall installation.

[0278] To further understand and implement the present invention, the following is a specific application scenario of the present invention, Example 2: The total building area of ​​a commercial complex is about 80,000 square meters, of which the coverage area of ​​the external photovoltaic curtain wall system is about 12,000 square meters.

[0279] The project commenced in June 2023 and was completed in March 2024. During construction, all the technical measures of this invention were effectively applied, achieving significant results. Specific details are as follows:

[0280] 1. Cleaning of embedded parts surface

[0281] Before the formal installation of the curtain wall system, the surfaces of the fasteners embedded in the main structure were thoroughly cleaned. A high-pressure water gun at 3.5 MPa was used to rinse the surfaces of the embedded parts, removing impurities and oil. Subsequently, a grinder was used to polish the surfaces of the embedded parts, controlling the surface roughness to within Ra 2.5 μm. Finally, the surfaces of the embedded parts were carefully wiped with a dry cloth to ensure no residue remained, achieving a surface cleanliness that met the "Class 1" requirement of GB / T 13410-2013. These cleaning procedures ensured the cleanliness of the embedded parts' surfaces, laying a solid foundation for subsequent installation work.

[0282] 2. Three-dimensional coordinate measurement and positioning

[0283] After cleaning the surface of the embedded parts, three-dimensional coordinate measurements and installation positions were immediately determined. First, a three-dimensional laser rangefinder was used to measure the spatial position of the embedded fasteners in detail, obtaining their three-dimensional coordinate information. The measurement accuracy was controlled within ±0.8mm. Subsequently, the measurement data was imported into a three-dimensional model in CAD software, and the relative positional relationships between the embedded parts were calculated using the model's measurement tools. Comparison with the design drawings revealed a deviation of ±3mm in the position of some embedded parts. In response, the actual installation positions of these embedded parts were promptly adjusted to ensure they met the design requirements.

[0284] During on-site installation, a laser theodolite was used to precisely position and mark out the various components of the curtain wall system. The installation position deviation of the transition pieces and pre-embedded fasteners was controlled within ±1.5mm. The installation spacing of the vertical keel was 750mm, and the installation spacing of the horizontal keel was 900mm, all meeting the requirements of the design drawings. Through the above-mentioned three-dimensional coordinate control technology, the installation accuracy and flatness of the entire curtain wall system were ensured.

[0285] 3. Application of heat insulation pads and foam adhesive

[0286] To improve the overall thermal insulation performance of the curtain wall system, thermal insulation pads were installed between the fixing components and the transition components, and the gaps were filled with foam adhesive. The specific procedures are as follows:

[0287] First, a 2-3 mm thick layer of high-temperature resistant silicone sealant was applied to the contact surfaces of the fixing and transition components. Then, a 12 mm thick high-density rubber-plastic insulation pad was placed. The thermal conductivity of this insulation pad is 0.032 W / (m·K).

[0288] Because there was a slight deviation between the hole positions of the embedded fastener and the reserved holes of the insulation pad, during the actual installation process, the insulation pad was cut into four pieces along the center line of the reserved holes and fixed to the fastener with long bolts. In order to completely block the heat transfer in the structure, low-modulus polyurethane foam was injected into the cut gaps and the gaps between the fastener and the insulation pad, and between the insulation pad and the adapter.

[0289] The above-mentioned thermal insulation design not only effectively blocks heat conduction within the curtain wall structure but also prevents structural deformation caused by temperature changes. At the same time, this approach also ensures the integrity and reliability of the entire insulation system.

[0290] 4. Installation of adapters and keel

[0291] The adapters used in this project are L-shaped steel sections. Two L-shaped steel sections are installed at each connection point, securely connected to the pre-embedded fasteners using four sets of M12*70 stainless steel bolts. During installation, a dial indicator is first used to check the flatness and perpendicularity between the adapter and the fastener to ensure compliance with design requirements. Then, structural adhesive is applied between the two sections, and the bolts are pre-tightened with a torque wrench to approximately 75% of their tensile strength. The actual deviation of the adapter's installation position is controlled within ±1.8mm.

[0292] After the adapter was installed, the vertical and horizontal keels were immediately installed. The vertical main keels were made of 100x200x8mm square steel and connected to the adapter using double M12150 stainless steel bolts. The installation spacing of the vertical keels was 750mm, and their entry and exit positions were strictly positioned according to design requirements. The horizontal keels were made of 60x60x5mm square steel and were welded to the vertical keels using a CO2 welding machine. The weld height was greater than 6mm, meeting design requirements. After welding, the keels were treated with anti-corrosion paint. The installation height of the horizontal keels was 1000mm, and precise calibration was performed using a level.

[0293] The installation of the aforementioned adapters and keel not only ensures the reliability of the entire curtain wall support structure, but also lays a solid foundation for the subsequent installation of the insulation layer and photovoltaic panels.

[0294] 5. Construction of the insulation layer

[0295] On the outside of the keel support, a 150mm thick fiber felt composite rock wool insulation board was used for the insulation layer. The thermal conductivity of this insulation board is 0.036W / (m·K). To ensure the stability of the insulation board, it was fixed using special thermally broken rock wool anchors. The anchors were 12mm in diameter with a pull-out force of not less than 1.0kN, and the installation spacing was controlled at 500mm. After installation, the flatness deviation of the insulation board was controlled within ±2.5mm.

[0296] At the junction, the insulation layer was specially isolated. Specifically, pre-compressed expansion sealing tape was wrapped around the junction, and polyurethane waterproof sealant was injected into the gaps to ensure the insulation effect in this area.

[0297] Through the design and construction of the above-mentioned insulation layer, the shading of the effective area of ​​the photovoltaic panel is minimized on the one hand, and the overall thermal insulation performance of the entire curtain wall system is greatly improved on the other hand.

[0298] 6. Installation of cement slabs

[0299] A 30mm thick fiber-reinforced cement board was installed on the outermost side of the insulation layer. The cement board was fixed to the outer end faces of the vertical and horizontal steel keels using 6*45mm dovetail self-drilling screws at 300mm intervals. Weather-resistant polyurethane sealant was applied to the joints of the cement boards to ensure a tight seal.

[0300] After the cement boards were installed, their flatness deviation was controlled within ±1.8mm, meeting the design requirements. As the outermost decorative layer of the curtain wall, these cement boards not only enhance the overall aesthetics of the building but also provide a flat and solid foundation for the subsequent installation of photovoltaic panels.

[0301] 7. Optimized design of supporting steel frame

[0302] To support the photovoltaic panel curtain wall system, a dedicated steel frame was installed on the outside of the cement panels. The design of this support structure took into account a wide range of factors, including structural weight, material costs, installation difficulty, and the area covered by the photovoltaic panels.

[0303] First, a parametric model incorporating factors such as geometric dimensions, material properties, and connection methods was established. Then, an optimization objective function F was defined that comprehensively considers the above four indicators:

[0304]

[0305] In the formula, M is the total weight, C is the total cost, D is the installation difficulty, A is the photovoltaic panel coverage area, and the subscript " max "" indicates the maximum allowable value for each indicator.

[0306] Based on the pre-defined basic layout scheme, 50 candidate support structure schemes were generated using the Latin hypercube sampling method. Finite element analysis was performed on each scheme to calculate its structural response under different load conditions, such as the maximum stress σ. max Maximum deformation δ max and the minimum eigenvalue λ max Then, based on the optimization objective function F and the constraints, the fitness value of each solution was evaluated.

[0307] Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to iteratively select the best candidate scheme, and the optimal support structure layout scheme that satisfies the following constraints was finally output: σ max ≤180MPa; δ max ≤12mm; λ mi n≥1.2;

[0308] The optimal solution uses 100*200*8mm square tubular keel. One end of the keel is welded to the column and extends outward by 600mm. At the other end, a 1200mm long X-shaped support with a 150-degree angle is welded. The total weight of the steel frame is 3.85 tons, the material cost is 225,000 yuan, the installation difficulty coefficient is 4.2, and the effective coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic panels is 11,480 square meters.

[0309] Through the aforementioned optimized design methods, the entire curtain wall support structure was ensured to meet strength, deformation, and stability requirements while minimizing material consumption and installation difficulty, and maximizing the effective coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic panels. This laid a solid foundation for the subsequent installation of the photovoltaic panels.

[0310] 8. Installation of photovoltaic panels

[0311] The photovoltaic glass used in this project is a double-glass film module consisting of 5T+0.75PVB+0.321T+0.75PVB+5T, with each panel measuring 600*1200mm. First, these photovoltaic glass panels were assembled on the ground with pre-processed and inspected aluminum alloy profiles to form two-panel units. The panels were fixed together using hexagonal connections with load-bearing bolts, and structural adhesive was injected into the gaps. The assembled unit panels were then lifted into place using a 50-ton truck crane. Each unit panel has two lifting holes at the top for easy lifting operations. After being lifted into place, it was reliably connected to the pre-installed X-shaped support steel frame using load-bearing bolts.

[0312] After all photovoltaic panel units were installed, the photovoltaic panel wiring was immediately connected. Following a top-to-bottom sequence, the DC lines, AC combiner boxes, inverters, and other equipment between each panel were uniformly wired. After the wiring was completed, waterproof plastic cable trays were installed along the wiring to ensure its reliability.

[0313] Finally, the entire photovoltaic curtain wall system underwent joint commissioning. First, professional testing instruments were used to check parameters such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, maximum power point voltage, and current of each photovoltaic panel unit to ensure that all indicators met design requirements. Then, auxiliary equipment such as the monitoring system, lightning protection system, and grounding system were jointly commissioned to ensure the coordinated and stable operation of the entire system. Through the above installation and commissioning procedures, the photovoltaic curtain wall system achieved all designed performance indicators.

[0314] In summary, the various technical measures proposed in this invention were fully utilized during the construction of this project. From pre-embedded component cleaning, three-dimensional measurement and positioning, thermal insulation design, support structure optimization to photovoltaic panel installation, all aspects achieved ideal construction results. This not only ensured the installation quality of the entire curtain wall system and improved thermal insulation performance, but also maximized the effective coverage area of ​​the photovoltaic panels, making a significant contribution to the building's green energy conservation.

[0315] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for installing building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain walls, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10. Clean the surface of the embedded parts to ensure that the surface is clean and tidy; S20. A three-dimensional coordinate control system is used for measurement, layout, and positioning to ensure installation accuracy and photovoltaic panel plane control requirements. S30. Install heat insulation pads between the fixed parts and the transition parts, and apply foam adhesive in the gap to prevent heat loss. S40. Install and adjust the adapter, and securely position and connect the adapter to the fastener. S50. Install vertical and horizontal keels, use a laser theodolite for precise positioning, and connect them by welding. S60. Construction insulation layer: Use special thermal break rock wool anchors to fix fiber felt composite rock wool board. S70. Install and fix the cement board, and inject weather-resistant sealant at the joints; S80. The photovoltaic curtain wall system is installed with a root support steel frame. An optimization algorithm is used to calculate the optimal support structure layout to ensure the stability and load-bearing capacity of the overall structure. S90. Install the photovoltaic panel unit modules, connect the photovoltaic panel lines and control equipment, and perform system debugging; The step of calculating the optimal support structure layout using an optimization algorithm specifically includes: S81. Establish a parametric model of the supporting structure; S82. Define the optimization objective function of the parameterized model; S83. Determine the constraints of the parameterized model; S84. Generate a series of candidate support structure layout schemes based on the preset basic layout scheme; S85. Perform finite element analysis on each candidate support structure layout scheme and calculate its structural response under different load conditions; evaluate the fitness of each candidate scheme according to the objective function and constraints, and iteratively optimize the layout using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. S86. Complete the iterative output of the optimal support structure layout scheme; The optimization objective function is specifically expressed as follows: ; In the formula, The smaller the value of the objective function, the better; This is the total weight of the structure; Total material cost; Installation difficulty level; The area covered by the photovoltaic panels; , , , These are the maximum permissible values ​​for each indicator; , , , Let be the weighting coefficient, satisfying ; This is the error term.

2. The method for installing a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parametric model includes the geometric dimensions, material properties, and connection methods of the supporting steel frame.

3. The method for installing a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, The optimization objective function comprehensively considers structural weight, material cost, installation difficulty, and photovoltaic panel coverage area.

4. The method for installing a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall according to claim 3, characterized in that, The constraints include structural strength requirements, deformation limits, and stability standards.

5. The method for installing a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for generating a series of candidate support structure layout schemes employs Latin hypercube sampling.

6. The method for installing a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall according to claim 5, characterized in that, The layout scheme includes the number, location, angle, and connection method of the supporting steel frame.

7. The method for installing a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific constraints are as follows: Structural strength constraints: ; Where, The maximum stress; To allow stress; Deformation constraint: ; In the formula, For maximum deformation; To allow for deformation; Stability constraints: ; In the formula, It is the smallest eigenvalue; The critical eigenvalue is the value required for stability.

8. The method for installing a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) panel curtain wall according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fitness function of the candidate solution is specifically expressed as follows: ; Where, This is the fitness value; The objective function value; As a penalty factor; For the The degree of violation of each constraint; This represents the total number of constraints.

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