Carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of rock mass fracturing, specifically to carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and fracturing integrated equipment and method, the equipment includes a drilling and fracturing device and a carbon dioxide booster device; the drilling and fracturing device fixes a support frame at the top of the drill arm, one end of the push rod is fixed to the middle and lower part of the support frame and is arranged with a thrust sensor; the other end of the push rod is fixedly connected to a rotator, a rotary drive structure is arranged on the rotator, and a torque sensor is arranged on the rotary drive structure; the drill rod is a hollow drill rod and a drill bit with a release hole is detachably connected at one end, and a drilling speed sensor is arranged in the middle of the support frame; a high-pressure hose is connected to the drill rod at one end and connected to the carbon dioxide booster device at the other end. The method uses a BP neural network to directly establish the connection between drilling parameters and blasting parameters. The present invention realizes a high degree of concentration of drilling and rock mass fracturing, realizes fully automated continuous operation, greatly improves construction efficiency and construction quality, and can cool down and efficiently discharge slag during the drilling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rock mass fracturing, and in particular to carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and fracturing integrated equipment and method. Background Art

[0002] In rock fracturing projects, carbon dioxide phase change fracturing has attracted widespread attention as a low-disturbance non-explosive technology. It can achieve green fracturing of rock masses and reduce the impact of traditional explosive blasting fracturing on the surrounding environment. However, during the construction process, drilling, filling fracturing tubes with carbon dioxide, filling fracturing tubes, and drilling fracturing are required. The degree of mechanization is low and the construction efficiency is poor. At the same time, the carbon dioxide phase change blasting fracturing parameters at different drilling locations are consistent, and intelligent regulation cannot be performed according to the properties of the rock mass, and the fracturing effect cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the heating tubes currently used in carbon dioxide phase change fracturing are civilian blasting products, which are at risk of premature triggering due to accidental factors, and the problems of safety and impact disturbance are not fundamentally solved. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment, including a drilling and cracking device and a carbon dioxide booster device; the drilling and cracking device includes a drill bit, a drill rod, a support frame, a rotator, a push rod and a drill arm; the support frame is fixed on one side of the top surface of the drill arm, and the bottom of the support frame is fixedly connected to the drill arm; the push rod is arranged in parallel with the drill arm, and one end of the push rod is fixed to the middle and lower part of the support frame, the push rod is a hydraulic telescopic structure, and a thrust sensor is arranged on the push rod to measure the thrust change during drilling; the other end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the lower part of the rotator, and the upper part of the rotator is provided with a rotating drive structure that can drive the drill rod to rotate, and the rotating drive structure is provided with a torque sensor for measuring the torque of the drill rod during drilling; the drill rod is a hollow drill rod, and the interior is a carbon dioxide flow channel, one end of the drill rod is detachably connected to a drill bit, and the drill bit is provided with a release hole, the drill rod is slidably connected to the upper part of the support frame, and a drilling speed sensor is provided in the middle of the support frame to measure the rotation speed of the drill rod; the outside of the drill rod is a spiral structure;

[0004] The carbon dioxide boosting device includes a gas storage tank, a boosting pump and a phase change generator; one end of a high-pressure hose is connected to the other end of a drill pipe, and the other end of the high-pressure hose is connected to the phase change generator, and a solenoid valve is arranged on the high-pressure hose; an electromagnetic heating device is arranged inside the phase change generator; the gas storage tank is connected to the phase change generator through a pipeline, and a boosting pump is arranged on the pipeline.

[0005] Preferably, the rotation driving structure is driven by a motor.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes a control device, which is used to control the operation of various parts of the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment, and simultaneously receive thrust data measured by a thrust sensor, torque data measured by a torque sensor, and speed data measured by a drilling speed sensor.

[0007] Preferably, the control device is used to control the start and stop of the boost pump, the heating device and the solenoid valve.

[0008] The present invention also proposes a carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking method, based on the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment described above, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1: Constructing a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model: drilling in the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing target area, and collecting multiple sets of drilling parameters, each set of drilling parameters including drilling speed, torque and thrust; obtaining rocks corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, conducting experiments to obtain rock mechanics parameters corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, designing carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters according to each set of rock mechanics parameters, and then obtaining carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, wherein the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters include fracturing pressure and fracturing temperature;

[0010] The BP neural network is used to train the drilling parameters and carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters, with the drilling parameters as input and the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters as output. The error back propagation BP neural network is used to train the neural network by changing the number of hidden layer nodes and the number of hidden layers, and the accuracy of the training results is verified to obtain the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model.

[0011] S2: Drilling: Start the rotator and the thrust rod to drive the drill rod and the drill bit thereon to rotate continuously to drill the hole, and collect the thrust measured by the thrust sensor, the torque measured by the torque sensor, and the speed data measured by the drilling speed sensor; during the drilling process, a combination of mechanical and pneumatic slag removal is used for slag removal;

[0012] Based on the drilling parameters, the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model is used to predict the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters required for the borehole;

[0013] S3: Carbon dioxide phase change cracking, including

[0014] S31: Carbon dioxide filling: close the solenoid valve, start the booster pump, and pump the carbon dioxide from the gas tank into the phase change generator with booster pressure. When the designed pressure is reached, close the booster pump;

[0015] S32: Carbon dioxide heating: start the heating device in the phase change generator to heat the carbon dioxide to the designed temperature, and then turn off the heating device;

[0016] S33: Rock fracturing: The solenoid valve is activated, and the carbon dioxide in the phase change generator enters the drill pipe through the high-pressure hose, and finally sprays out from the release hole of the drill bit, acting on the surrounding rock mass to achieve the purpose of fracturing;

[0017] S4: Repeat the above steps to drill the remaining boreholes and perform carbon dioxide phase change fracturing.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the spiral structure outside the drill pipe can perform mechanical slag removal during the rotary drilling process; after drilling for a period of time, the booster pump and the solenoid valve are started, and the carbon dioxide gas enters the drill pipe through the hose and is released into the drill hole through the release hole. The released carbon dioxide gas increases the discharge power of the drill cuttings on the basis of the mechanical slag removal power, which can increase the slag removal effect and can cool the drill pipe and drill bit during the drilling process.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0020] The present invention realizes a high concentration of drilling and rock fracturing, realizes fully automated continuous operation, greatly improves construction efficiency and quality, and can cool down and efficiently discharge slag during the drilling process. The present invention eliminates the original heating tube excited by the carbon dioxide phase change, improves the safety of carbon dioxide phase change blasting; at the same time, it can intelligently adjust the carbon dioxide fracturing parameters according to the rock properties to ensure the fracturing effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling method of the present invention;

[0023] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-gas tank, 2-boosting pump, 3-phase change generator, 4-solenoid valve, 5-high-pressure hose, 6-drill arm, 7-thrust rod, 8-rotator, 9-support frame, 10-drill rod, 11-drill bit, 12-release hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment proposed by the present invention includes a drilling and cracking device and a carbon dioxide booster device; the drilling and cracking device includes a drill bit 11, a drill rod 10, a support frame 9, a rotator 8, a push rod 7 and a drill arm 6; the support frame 9 is fixed on one side of the top surface of the drill arm 6, and the bottom of the support frame 9 is fixedly connected to the drill arm 6; the push rod 7 is arranged in parallel with the drill arm 6, and one end of the push rod 7 is fixed to the middle and lower part of the support frame 9, the push rod 7 is a hydraulic telescopic structure, and a thrust sensor is arranged on the push rod 7 to measure the thrust change during drilling; the other end of the push rod 7 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the rotator 8, and the upper part of the rotator 8 is provided There is a rotary drive structure that can drive the drill rod 10 to rotate. The rotary drive structure is preferably driven by a motor. The rotary drive structure is provided with a torque sensor for measuring the torque of the drill rod 10 during drilling. The drill rod 10 is a hollow drill rod with a carbon dioxide flow channel inside. A drill bit 11 is detachably connected to one end of the drill rod 10. The drill bit 11 is evenly provided with release holes 12 along the circumference for releasing carbon dioxide during fracturing. The drill rod 10 is slidably connected to the upper part of the support frame 9. A drilling speed sensor is provided in the middle of the support frame 9 for measuring the rotation speed of the drill rod 10. The outside of the drill rod 10 is a spiral structure, which can discharge slag during drilling.

[0026] The carbon dioxide boosting device comprises a gas storage tank 1, a boosting pump 2 and a phase change generator 3; the drilling device and the carbon dioxide boosting device are connected via a high-pressure hose 5, wherein one end of the high-pressure hose 5 is connected to the other end of the drill pipe 10, and the other end of the high-pressure hose 5 is connected to the phase change generator 3, and a solenoid valve 4 is arranged on the high-pressure hose 5 to control the release of carbon dioxide; an electromagnetic heating device is arranged inside the phase change generator 3 to heat carbon dioxide; the gas storage tank 1 is connected to the phase change generator 3 via a pipeline, and a boosting pump 2 is arranged on the pipeline.

[0027] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment also includes a control device, which is used to control the operation of various parts of the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment (such as the start and stop of the booster pump 2, the heating device and the solenoid valve 4), and at the same time receive the thrust measured by the thrust sensor, the torque measured by the torque sensor and the speed data measured by the drilling speed sensor.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking method proposed by the present invention is based on the carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking integrated equipment mentioned above, and includes the following steps:

[0029] S1: Constructing a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model: drilling in the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing target area, and collecting multiple sets of drilling parameters, each set of drilling parameters including drilling speed, torque and thrust; obtaining rocks corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, conducting experiments to obtain rock mechanics parameters corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, designing carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters according to each set of rock mechanics parameters, and then obtaining carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, wherein the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters include fracturing pressure and fracturing temperature;

[0030] The BP neural network is used to train the drilling parameters and carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters, with the drilling parameters as input and the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters as output. The error back propagation BP neural network is used to train the neural network by changing the number of hidden layer nodes and the number of hidden layers, and the accuracy of the training results is verified to obtain the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model.

[0031] S2: Drilling: Start the rotator 8 and the thrust rod 7 to drive the drill rod 10 and the drill bit 11 thereon to rotate continuously to drill the borehole, and collect the thrust measured by the thrust sensor, the torque measured by the torque sensor, and the speed data measured by the drilling speed sensor; during the drilling process, a combination of mechanical and pneumatic slag removal is used for slag removal, and the spiral structure outside the drill rod 10 can perform mechanical slag removal during the rotary drilling process; after drilling for a period of time, start the booster pump 2 and the solenoid valve 4, and the carbon dioxide gas enters the inside of the drill rod 10 through the hose 5, and is released into the borehole through the release hole 12. The released carbon dioxide gas increases the discharge power for the drill slag on the basis of the mechanical slag removal power, which can increase the slag removal effect and can play a certain cooling role on the drill rod 10 and the drill bit 11 during the drilling process;

[0032] Based on the drilling parameters, the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model is used to predict the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters required for the borehole;

[0033] S3: Carbon dioxide phase change cracking, including

[0034] S31: Carbon dioxide filling: close the solenoid valve 4, start the booster pump 2, and pump the carbon dioxide from the gas tank 1 into the phase change generator 3 by the booster pump 2. When the designed pressure is reached, close the booster pump 2;

[0035] S32: Carbon dioxide heating: start the heating device in the phase change generator 3 to heat the carbon dioxide to the designed temperature, and then turn off the heating device;

[0036] S33: rock mass fracturing: the electromagnetic valve 4 is activated, and the carbon dioxide in the phase change generator 3 enters the drill pipe 10 through the high-pressure hose 5, and finally sprays out from the release hole 12 of the drill bit 11, acting on the surrounding rock mass to achieve the purpose of fracturing;

[0037] S4: Repeat the above steps to drill the remaining boreholes and perform carbon dioxide phase change fracturing.

[0038] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided in a progressive manner to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Carbon dioxide phase change drilling and fracturing integrated equipment, characterized in that: It comprises a drilling device and a carbon dioxide booster device; the drilling device comprises a drill bit, a drill rod, a support frame, a rotator, a thrust rod and a drill arm; the support frame is fixed on one side of the top surface of the drill arm, and the bottom of the support frame is fixedly connected to the drill arm; the thrust rod is arranged in parallel with the drill arm, and one end of the thrust rod is fixed to the middle and lower part of the support frame, the thrust rod is a hydraulic telescopic structure, and a thrust sensor is arranged on the thrust rod to measure the thrust change during drilling; the other end of the thrust rod is fixedly connected to the lower part of the rotator, and the upper part of the rotator is provided with a rotating drive structure that can drive the drill rod to rotate, and the rotating drive structure is provided with a torque sensor for measuring the torque of the drill rod during drilling; the drill rod is a hollow drill rod with a carbon dioxide flow channel inside, one end of the drill rod is detachably connected to a drill bit, and the drill bit is provided with a release hole, the drill rod is slidably connected to the upper part of the support frame, and a drilling speed sensor is provided in the middle of the support frame to measure the rotation speed of the drill rod; the outside of the drill rod is a spiral structure; The carbon dioxide boosting device includes a gas storage tank, a boosting pump and a phase change generator; one end of a high-pressure hose is connected to the other end of a drill pipe, and the other end of the high-pressure hose is connected to the phase change generator, and a solenoid valve is arranged on the high-pressure hose; an electromagnetic heating device is arranged inside the phase change generator; the gas storage tank is connected to the phase change generator through a pipeline, and a boosting pump is arranged on the pipeline.

2. The carbon dioxide phase change drilling and cracking integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation driving structure is driven by a motor.

3. The carbon dioxide phase change drilling and cracking integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control device, which is used to control the operation of various parts of the carbon dioxide phase change drilling and cracking integrated equipment, and simultaneously receive thrust data measured by a thrust sensor, torque data measured by a torque sensor, and speed data measured by a drilling speed sensor.

4. The carbon dioxide phase change drilling and cracking integrated equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control device is used to control the start and stop of the booster pump, the heating device and the solenoid valve.

5. A carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and cracking method, using the carbon dioxide phase change drilling and cracking integrated equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Constructing a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model: drilling in the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing target area, and collecting multiple sets of drilling parameters, each set of drilling parameters including drilling speed, torque and thrust; obtaining rocks corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, conducting experiments to obtain rock mechanics parameters corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, designing carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters according to each set of rock mechanics parameters, and then obtaining carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters corresponding to each set of drilling parameters, wherein the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters include fracturing pressure and fracturing temperature; The BP neural network is used to train the drilling parameters and carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters, with the drilling parameters as input and the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters as output. The error back propagation BP neural network is used to train the neural network by changing the number of hidden layer nodes and the number of hidden layers, and the accuracy of the training results is verified to obtain the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model. S2: Drilling: Start the rotator and the thrust rod to drive the drill rod and the drill bit thereon to rotate continuously to drill the hole, and collect the thrust measured by the thrust sensor, the torque measured by the torque sensor, and the speed data measured by the drilling speed sensor; during the drilling process, a combination of mechanical and pneumatic slag removal is used for slag removal; Based on the drilling parameters, the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameter model is used to predict the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing parameters required for the borehole; S3: Carbon dioxide phase change cracking, including S31: Carbon dioxide filling: close the solenoid valve, start the booster pump, and pump the carbon dioxide from the gas tank into the phase change generator with booster pressure. When the designed pressure is reached, close the booster pump; S32: Carbon dioxide heating: start the heating device in the phase change generator to heat the carbon dioxide to the designed temperature, and then turn off the heating device; S33: Rock fracturing: The solenoid valve is activated, and the carbon dioxide in the phase change generator enters the drill pipe through the high-pressure hose and is finally ejected from the release hole of the drill bit to act on the surrounding rock mass to achieve the purpose of fracturing; S4: Repeat the above steps to drill the remaining boreholes and perform carbon dioxide phase change fracturing.

6. The carbon dioxide phase change intelligent drilling and fracturing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the spiral structure outside the drill pipe can perform mechanical slag removal during the rotary drilling process; after drilling for a period of time, the booster pump and the solenoid valve are started, and the carbon dioxide gas enters the drill pipe through the hose and is released into the borehole through the release hole. The released carbon dioxide gas increases the discharge power of the drill cuttings on the basis of the mechanical slag removal power, which can increase the slag removal effect and can cool the drill pipe and drill bit during the drilling process.

Images