Battery charging and discharging method and device, power utilization device, energy storage device and equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a battery charging and discharging method and device, a power utilization device, an energy storage device and equipment. The battery charging and discharging method comprises the steps that the to-be-stood duration of a battery is acquired; determining a target state of charge of the battery based on the to-be-stood duration and the self-discharge rate of the battery; and the battery is controlled to be charged and discharged to the target charge state, so that the battery begins to stand in the target charge state. Therefore, the more appropriate target charge state can be determined for the battery before the battery is stood, and the battery is adjusted to the target charge state before the battery is stood, so that the battery can be stood in the appropriate charge state without applying extra external force to the battery, the battery capacity can be improved without damage, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to battery charging and discharging methods, devices, power consumption devices, energy storage devices and equipment. Background Art

[0002] This section is intended to provide a background or context for the embodiments of the present application. No description herein is admitted to be prior art by virtue of its inclusion in this section.

[0003] New energy batteries are being used more and more widely in life and industry. For example, new energy vehicles equipped with batteries have been widely used. In addition, batteries are also being increasingly used in areas such as energy storage.

[0004] During the application of batteries, the batteries are not always in the state of charging or discharging. For example, when the batteries are stored or transported, the batteries are in a static state (i.e., not in use). In the related art, the battery capacity may be lost during the static period due to inappropriate state of charge (SOC), and even the battery life may be affected. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application hope to provide a battery charging and discharging method, device, power-consuming device, energy storage device and equipment, which can determine a more suitable target state of charge for the battery before the battery is left at rest, and adjust the battery to the target state of charge before the battery is left at rest, so that the battery can be allowed to start resting at a suitable state of charge without applying additional external force to the battery, and the battery capacity can be improved non-destructively, thereby increasing the battery life.

[0006] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows: The present application provides a battery charging and discharging method, including: Get the battery's idle time; Determine the target state of charge of the battery based on the rest time and the self-discharge rate of the battery; The battery is controlled to charge and discharge to a target state of charge, so that the battery begins to rest at the target state of charge.

[0007] In the battery charging and discharging method of the embodiment of the present application, first, the length of time the battery is to be left at rest is obtained; then, based on the length of time the battery is to be left at rest and the self-discharge rate of the battery, the target state of charge of the battery is determined; finally, the battery is controlled to charge and discharge to the target state of charge, so that the battery begins to rest at the target state of charge. In this way, since the length of time the battery is to be left at rest and the self-discharge rate of the battery are comprehensively considered, a more appropriate target state of charge can be determined for the battery before the battery is left at rest, and the battery can be adjusted to the target state of charge before the battery is left at rest, so that the battery can begin to rest at an appropriate state of charge, without applying additional external force to the battery, and the battery capacity can be improved non-destructively, reducing the capacity loss caused by the battery state of charge being too high or too low during rest, thereby improving the battery life.

[0008] In some embodiments, based on the waiting standing time and the self-discharge rate of the battery, the target state of charge of the battery is determined, including: obtaining the self-discharge rate of the battery corresponding to at least one sampled state of charge; based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to each sampled state of charge, determining the correspondence between the state of charge of the battery and the standing time; the standing time represents the time required for the battery to stand from the corresponding state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range; based on the waiting standing time and the corresponding relationship, the target state of charge of the battery is determined.

[0009] In the above embodiment, the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the available resting time is determined based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the battery under at least one sampled state of charge, and the target state of charge of the battery is determined based on the waiting resting time and the corresponding relationship. In this way, since the available resting time represents the time required for the battery to rest from the corresponding state of charge until self-discharge to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval, the state of charge corresponding to the resting time is the minimum state of charge that can keep the battery from being lower than the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval during the resting period. Therefore, based on the waiting resting time and the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the available resting time, a suitable target state of charge can be determined, so that the battery starts resting at the target state of charge, and during the waiting resting time, the state of charge will not be lower than the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval due to self-discharge, nor will the capacity be reduced due to excessively high state of charge. In this way, the capacity loss caused by too low or too high state of charge of the battery during the resting period can be further reduced, thereby improving the battery life.

[0010] In some embodiments, the self-discharge rate of the battery corresponding to at least one sampled state of charge is obtained, including: for each sampled state of charge, obtaining the self-discharge amount generated by the battery being stationary for a first preset time period under the sampled state of charge; based on the self-discharge amount corresponding to each sampled state of charge and the first preset time period, determining the self-discharge rate of the battery corresponding to each sampled state of charge.

[0011] In the above embodiment, by obtaining the self-discharge amount generated by the battery being left stationary for a first preset time period at each sampled state of charge, the self-discharge rate of the battery corresponding to each sampled state of charge can be quickly and accurately determined based on the self-discharge amount corresponding to each sampled state of charge and the first preset time period.

[0012] In some embodiments, based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to each sampled state of charge, the correspondence between the state of charge of the battery and the length of time it can stand still is determined, including: based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to each sampled state of charge, the length of time it can stand still is determined corresponding to each sampled state of charge; based on the length of time it can stand still is determined corresponding to each sampled state of charge.

[0013] In the above embodiment, the corresponding standing time periods corresponding to each sampled state of charge are determined based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to each sampled state of charge, and the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the standing time periods are determined based on the corresponding standing time periods corresponding to each sampled state of charge. The corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the standing time periods can be determined quickly and accurately.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least one sampled state of charge includes a plurality of sampled states of charge arranged in ascending order starting from a lower limit of an available charge and discharge range; based on a self-discharge rate corresponding to each sampled state of charge, determining a corresponding standstill time for each sampled state of charge, including: for each sampled state of charge, determining a discharge time corresponding to the sampled state of charge based on a self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and a state of charge difference between the sampled state of charge and a previous sampled state of charge of the sampled state of charge, the discharge time characterizing the time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the previous sampled state of charge; determining a corresponding standstill time for each sampled state of charge based on a discharge time corresponding to each sampled state of charge.

[0015] In the above embodiment, based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the state of charge difference between the sampled state of charge and the previous sampled state of charge, the discharge time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the previous sampled state of charge is determined, and based on the discharge time corresponding to each sampled state of charge, the static time corresponding to each sampled state of charge is determined. In this way, since the static time corresponding to the sampled state of charge is the time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range, based on the discharge time corresponding to the battery under each sampled state of charge, the static time corresponding to each sampled state of charge can be conveniently and accurately determined.

[0016] In some embodiments, controlling the battery to charge and discharge to a target state of charge includes at least one of the following: controlling the battery to charge to the target state of charge when the battery's current state of charge is lower than the target state of charge; and controlling the battery to discharge to the target state of charge when the battery's current state of charge is higher than the target state of charge.

[0017] In the above embodiment, when the current state of charge of the battery is lower than the target state of charge, the battery is controlled to be charged to the target state of charge, and / or when the current state of charge of the battery is higher than the target state of charge, the battery is controlled to be discharged to the target state of charge. In this way, the battery can be charged and discharged to the target state of charge simply and quickly.

[0018] In some embodiments, controlling the battery to discharge to a target state of charge includes at least one of the following: when the target state of charge is lower than or equal to a first preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from a current state of charge to the target state of charge; when the target state of charge is higher than the first preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from a current state of charge to the first preset state of charge, waiting for the battery to stand at the first preset state of charge for a second preset time, and then controlling the battery to charge to the target state of charge.

[0019] In the above embodiments, on the one hand, when the target state of charge is lower than or equal to the first preset state of charge, it indicates that the target state of charge is a lower state of charge, and by directly discharging the battery to the target state of charge, the battery can be allowed to stand at the lower state of charge, thereby promoting the battery capacity, improving the battery capacity loss, and slowing down the battery life decay; on the other hand, when the target state of charge is higher than the first preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to discharge from the current state of charge to a first preset state of charge that is lower than the target state of charge, and after the battery has been allowed to stand at the lower first preset state of charge for a second preset period of time, the battery is controlled to charge to the target state of charge. In this way, by allowing the battery to stand at the lower first preset state of charge for a second preset period of time, the battery capacity can be promoted, the battery capacity loss can be improved, and the battery life decay can be slowed down.

[0020] In some embodiments, controlling the battery to charge to a target state of charge includes at least one of the following: when the current state of charge is lower than or equal to a second preset state of charge, controlling the battery to charge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge; when the current state of charge is higher than the second preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the second preset state of charge, waiting for the battery to stand still for a third preset period of time at the second preset state of charge, and then controlling the battery to charge to the target state of charge.

[0021] In the above embodiments, on the one hand, when the current state of charge is lower than or equal to the second preset state of charge, it indicates that the current state of charge is a lower state of charge, and thus the current capacity of the battery is better utilized, that is, the battery capacity loss is smaller, and by directly charging the battery from the current state of charge to the target state of charge, the battery charging and discharging process can be simplified and the charging efficiency can be improved; on the other hand, when the current state of charge is higher than the second preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to discharge from the current state of charge to the lower second preset state of charge, and after the battery has been stationary for a third preset period of time in the lower second preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to charge to the target state of charge. In this way, by allowing the battery to be stationary for a third preset period of time in the lower second preset state of charge, the battery capacity can be utilized, the battery capacity loss can be improved, and the battery life decay can be slowed down.

[0022] In some embodiments, the method further includes: in response to detecting that the resting time of the battery from the target state of charge exceeds the waiting resting time, outputting charging prompt information.

[0023] In the above embodiment, by outputting a charging reminder message when the battery has been stationary for longer than the waiting stationary time since the target state of charge, the user can be reminded in time to recharge the battery, thereby reducing the risk of the battery self-discharging to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range due to the long stationary time.

[0024] The present application provides a battery charging and discharging device, including: An acquisition module is used to obtain the battery's idle time; A determination module, used to determine a target state of charge of the battery based on a waiting time and a self-discharge rate of the battery; The control module is used to control the battery to charge and discharge to a target state of charge, so that the battery starts to rest at the target state of charge.

[0025] In the battery charging and discharging device of the embodiment of the present application, since the battery's resting time and the battery's self-discharge rate are comprehensively considered, a more suitable target state of charge can be determined for the battery before the battery is placed at rest, and the battery can be adjusted to the target state of charge before the battery is placed at rest, so that the battery can start to rest at a suitable state of charge without applying additional external force to the battery, and the battery capacity can be improved non-destructively, reducing the capacity loss caused by too high or too low a battery state of charge during rest, thereby improving the battery life.

[0026] An embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including a battery pack, the battery pack including a battery and a battery management system, and the battery management system is used to implement the steps in the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method.

[0027] An embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage device, including an energy storage battery and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system uses the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method to control the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery.

[0028] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the steps in the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method are implemented.

[0029] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method are implemented.

[0030] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method are implemented. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a battery charging and discharging method according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a process flow for determining a target state of charge of a battery in a battery charging and discharging method provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a process flow for determining the self-discharge rate of a battery corresponding to at least one sampled state of charge in a battery charging and discharging method provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a process flow for determining the length of time that can be left idle corresponding to each sampled state of charge in a battery charging and discharging method provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a battery SOC and capacity decay curve provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the composition structure of a battery charging and discharging device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the composition structure of an energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a hardware entity of a computer device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, and the detailed description in the specific implementation method should be understood as an explanation of the purpose of the present application and should not be regarded as an improper limitation on the present application.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0035] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0037] With the development of clean energy, more and more devices use electric energy as driving energy, and then power batteries that can store more electric energy and can be charged and discharged repeatedly are developing rapidly, such as lithium-ion batteries. Among them, power batteries are not only used in energy storage power supply systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of power batteries, the market demand is also constantly expanding.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, the battery pack can be made of battery cells and / or battery modules. A battery cell refers to a basic unit that can realize the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy, and can be used to make a battery module or a battery pack, so as to supply power to an electrical device. A battery cell can be a primary battery or a secondary battery. A secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be activated by charging the active material after the battery cell is discharged and can continue to be used. The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a magnesium-ion battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, or a lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this. The battery cell can be cylindrical, rectangular, or in other shapes.

[0039] The battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte. The electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. The battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work. The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector. The positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc. The negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode collector and a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode collector. The negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab. The negative electrode current collector can be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon. In order to ensure that a large current can pass without melting, the positive electrode tabs are multiple and stacked together, and the negative electrode tabs are multiple and stacked together. The material of the separator can be PP (Polypropylene) or PE (Polyethylene).

[0040] It should be noted that the battery described in this article refers to a battery cell.

[0041] In the related art, the battery may lose capacity during the static period due to inappropriate SOC, and even affect the battery life. Taking lithium batteries as an example, if the battery is at too high an SOC during the static period, lithium may be deposited in the anode overhang area, resulting in reduced capacity. If the battery SOC is too low before static, the battery voltage may be lower than the lower limit of the normal operating voltage range (that is, the available charge and discharge range) due to self-discharge during the static period, resulting in battery capacity loss and gas expansion risk, affecting the battery life. Among them, the overhang area refers to the part of the anode pole piece that is beyond the positive and negative pole pieces in the length and width directions. Through this positive-covering-negative design, the lithium ions of the cathode can fall to the anode, reducing the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby reducing the occurrence of short circuits and thermal runaway in the battery.

[0042] The embodiment of the present application provides a battery charging and discharging method, which can be executed by a computer device. During implementation, the computer device may include but is not limited to a battery management system (BMS) for controlling battery charging and discharging, and / or a host computer, etc. The host computer may include but is not limited to at least one of a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a large-screen device, a server, a mobile device (such as a mobile phone, a portable video player, a personal digital assistant, a dedicated messaging device, a portable gaming device), etc.

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a battery charging and discharging method according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the battery charging and discharging method includes the following steps S101 to S103: Step S101, obtaining the battery's idle time.

[0044] Here, the battery may include but is not limited to at least one of a lithium ion battery (such as a lithium iron battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a ternary lithium battery, a lithium manganese oxide battery, and / or a lithium cobalt oxide battery, etc.), a sodium ion battery, a sodium lithium ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, a lithium sulfur battery, a magnesium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a nickel cadmium battery, or a lead storage battery, etc.

[0045] The waiting time of the battery refers to the estimated waiting time of the battery. In implementation, the waiting time of the battery can be determined according to the actual application scenario of the battery, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0046] In some embodiments, the standby time of the battery can be set by the user according to the actual application scenario of the battery. For example, if the user does not plan to use the battery for a long time, the standby time can be set for the battery according to the planned time when the battery is not used, and the standby time can be equal to or greater than the planned time when the user does not use the battery.

[0047] In some embodiments, the standby time of the battery may be predicted by the battery management system based on the historical usage data of the battery. For example, the battery management system may analyze the usage time of the battery based on the historical usage data of the battery to obtain the usage time distribution of the battery, and based on the usage time distribution, the standby time of the battery may be predicted.

[0048] Step S102: determining a target state of charge of the battery based on the waiting time and the self-discharge rate of the battery.

[0049] Step S103 , controlling the battery to charge or discharge to the target state of charge, so that the battery begins to rest at the target state of charge.

[0050] Here, the self-discharge rate of the battery refers to the discharge rate of the battery when it is at rest. In practice, the self-discharge rate of the battery can be determined by conducting a self-discharge test on the battery, or can be calculated based on the theoretical parameters of the battery, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] The target state of charge refers to the state of charge that the battery is to be adjusted to before the resting begins, that is, the battery's initial state of charge. If the battery begins to rest for the resting time at the target state of charge, the battery's state of charge during the resting process can be kept within the available charge and discharge range. During implementation, the target state of charge can be determined based on the resting time and the self-discharge rate of the battery in any suitable manner according to the battery's charge and discharge characteristics, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0052] In some embodiments, the self-discharge amount corresponding to the standing time can be determined based on the standing time and the self-discharge rate of the battery, and the target state of charge of the battery can be determined based on the self-discharge amount and the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range of the battery, or the target state of charge of the battery can be determined based on the self-discharge amount and the minimum available power of the battery.

[0053] In some embodiments, the self-discharge rate of the battery is a fixed value, that is, the self-discharge rate of the battery under different states of charge is the same. In this way, the target state of charge of the battery can be determined based on the product between the time to be left at rest and the self-discharge rate of the battery. For example, the product between the time to be left at rest and the self-discharge rate of the battery can be determined as the target discharge amount, the sum of the target discharge amount and the minimum available power of the battery can be determined as the target power of the battery, and the target power is converted into the state of charge to obtain the target state of charge of the battery. For another example, the corresponding relationship between the discharge amount and the state of charge of the battery can be determined in advance; the product between the time to be left at rest and the self-discharge rate of the battery is determined as the target discharge amount, and the target state of charge of the battery can be determined based on the target discharge amount and the corresponding relationship between the discharge amount and the state of charge of the battery.

[0054] In some embodiments, considering that the self-discharge rate of the battery may be different under different states of charge, the self-discharge rate of the battery includes the self-discharge rate corresponding to the battery under at least one sampled state of charge. In this way, based on the waiting time and the self-discharge rate corresponding to the battery under at least one sampled state of charge, a more accurate target state of charge can be determined. Among them, at least one sampled state of charge can be determined by any suitable sampling method, which is not limited here. For example, uniform or non-uniform sampling can be performed within the available charge and discharge interval of the battery to obtain at least one sampled state of charge, wherein the available charge and discharge interval is the charge and discharge SOC interval available to the battery.

[0055] In the battery charging and discharging method of the embodiment of the present application, first, the length of time the battery is to be left at rest is obtained; then, based on the length of time the battery is to be left at rest and the self-discharge rate of the battery, the target state of charge of the battery is determined; finally, the battery is controlled to charge and discharge to the target state of charge, so that the battery begins to rest at the target state of charge. In this way, since the length of time the battery is to be left at rest and the self-discharge rate of the battery are comprehensively considered, a more appropriate target state of charge can be determined for the battery before the battery is left at rest, and the battery can be adjusted to the target state of charge before the battery is left at rest, so that the battery can begin to rest at an appropriate state of charge, without applying additional external force to the battery, and the battery capacity can be improved non-destructively, reducing the capacity loss caused by the battery state of charge being too high or too low during rest, thereby improving the battery life.

[0056] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the step S102 described above, determining the target state of charge of the battery based on the waiting time and the self-discharge rate of the battery, may include the following steps S111 to S113: Step S111, obtaining the self-discharge rate corresponding to the battery under at least one sampled state of charge.

[0057] Here, the self-discharge rate of the battery corresponding to at least one sampled state of charge may be determined by performing a self-discharge test on the battery, or may be calculated based on theoretical parameters of the battery, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0058] For example, the battery can be first subjected to a capacity calibration test to obtain the current total capacity of the battery, and then the SOC of the battery can be adjusted to the sampled state of charge, and the initial discharge amount of the battery during the adjustment process can be recorded; after the SOC is adjusted to the sampled state of charge, the battery can be left to stand for a first preset time, and the remaining capacity of the battery after standing for the first preset time can be recorded; based on the total capacity, the initial discharge amount, and the remaining capacity, the self-discharge amount of the battery during the standing period can be determined; based on the self-discharge amount and the first preset time, the corresponding self-discharge rate of the battery under the sampled state of charge can be determined. The first preset time can be a suitable value pre-set by a technician in this field according to actual conditions, and is not limited here. For example, the first preset time can be 1 day, 2 days, 5 days, or 30 days.

[0059] In some embodiments, at least one sampled state of charge may include multiple first sampled states of charge and multiple second sampled states of charge. The self-discharge rates corresponding to the multiple first sampled states of charge can be determined by performing a self-discharge test on the battery, and then the self-discharge rates corresponding to the multiple second sampled states of charge can be determined based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to the multiple first sampled states of charge. For example, linear interpolation or nonlinear interpolation can be used to determine the self-discharge rates corresponding to the multiple second sampled states of charge based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to the multiple first sampled states of charge. Among them, each first sampled state of charge and each second sampled state of charge can be determined by a technician in this field according to actual conditions using any appropriate sampling method, which is not limited here.

[0060] In some embodiments, a first sampling interval may be used to uniformly sample within the available charge and discharge interval of the battery to obtain multiple first sampled states of charge; a second sampling interval may be used to uniformly sample within the available charge and discharge interval of the battery to obtain multiple second sampled states of charge, wherein the second sampling interval is smaller than the first sampling interval. For example, the first sampling interval is 5%, the second sampling interval is 1%, and the available charge and discharge interval of the battery is [0%, 100%], then the multiple first sampled states of charge include 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, ..., and the multiple second sampled states of charge include 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, ...

[0061] Step S112, based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to the sampled states of charge, determine the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the allowable rest time; the allowable rest time represents the time required for the battery to rest from the corresponding state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range.

[0062] Here, the available charge and discharge interval of the battery refers to the charge and discharge SOC interval that the battery can use. For example, the available charge and discharge interval of the battery can be [0%, 100%], and the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval is 0%.

[0063] It is understandable that based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to each sampled state of charge, the time required for the battery to be at rest from each state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range can be determined, that is, the corresponding resting time of the battery under each sampled state of charge can be determined, so that the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the resting time can be determined. During implementation, those skilled in the art can use any appropriate method to determine the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the resting time based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to each sampled state of charge according to actual conditions, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0064] Step S113: determining a target state of charge of the battery based on the waiting time and the corresponding relationship.

[0065] In some embodiments, the waiting time can be used to query the correspondence between the battery's state of charge and the time it can be stationary, obtain the state of charge corresponding to the waiting time, and determine the state of charge corresponding to the waiting time as the target state of charge of the battery.

[0066] In the above embodiment, the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the available resting time is determined based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the battery under at least one sampled state of charge, and the target state of charge of the battery is determined based on the waiting resting time and the corresponding relationship. In this way, since the available resting time represents the time required for the battery to rest from the corresponding state of charge until self-discharge to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval, the state of charge corresponding to the resting time is the minimum state of charge that can keep the battery from being lower than the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval during the resting period. Therefore, based on the waiting resting time and the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the available resting time, a suitable target state of charge can be determined, so that the battery starts resting at the target state of charge, and during the waiting resting time, the state of charge will not be lower than the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval due to self-discharge, nor will the capacity be reduced due to excessively high state of charge. In this way, the capacity loss caused by too low or too high state of charge of the battery during the resting period can be further reduced, thereby improving the battery life.

[0067] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the step S111 described in the above may include the following steps S121 to S122: Step S121 , for each of the sampled state of charge, obtaining a self-discharge amount of the battery generated by standing still for a first preset time period under the sampled state of charge.

[0068] Here, any suitable method may be used to determine the self-discharge amount generated when the battery is left at rest for the first preset time period under each sampled state of charge, and this embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0069] In some embodiments, the battery can be charged and discharged to a sampled state of charge, and a first residual capacity of the battery under the sampled state of charge is determined. The battery is then allowed to stand for a first preset period of time from the sampled state of charge, and a second residual capacity of the battery after standing for the first preset period of time is determined. Based on the difference between the second residual capacity and the first residual capacity, the self-discharge amount generated by the battery standing for the first preset period of time under the sampled state of charge can be determined.

[0070] In some embodiments, the battery can first be subjected to a capacity calibration test to obtain the current total capacity of the battery, then the state of charge of the battery is adjusted to a sampled state of charge, and the initial discharge amount of the battery during the adjustment process is recorded; after adjusting to the sampled state of charge, the battery is allowed to stand for a first preset time, and the remaining capacity of the battery after standing for the first preset time is recorded; based on the total capacity, the initial discharge amount, and the remaining capacity, the self-discharge amount generated by the battery standing for the first preset time under the sampled state of charge can be determined.

[0071] Step S122, determining the self-discharge rates of the battery corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge based on the self-discharge amounts corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge and the first preset time.

[0072] In some implementations, the self-discharge rate of the battery corresponding to the sampled state of charge may be determined based on a ratio between the self-discharge amount corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the first preset time period.

[0073] In the above embodiment, by obtaining the self-discharge amount generated by the battery being left stationary for a first preset time period at each sampled state of charge, the self-discharge rate of the battery corresponding to each sampled state of charge can be quickly and accurately determined based on the self-discharge amount corresponding to each sampled state of charge and the first preset time period.

[0074] In some embodiments, the determination of the correspondence between the state of charge of the battery and the standby time based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge described in step S112 may include the following steps S131 to S132: Step S131 : determining the allowable rest time duration corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge.

[0075] Here, since the resting time represents the time required for the battery to be at rest from the corresponding state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range, and the self-discharge rate represents the discharge rate of the battery when it is at rest, the resting time corresponding to each sampled state of charge can be determined according to the self-discharge rate corresponding to the battery under each sampled state of charge.

[0076] In some embodiments, for each sampled state of charge, the time required for the battery to be left at rest from the sampled state of charge until self-discharged to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval can be determined based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the discharge amount required to discharge the sampled state of charge to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval. For example, the ratio between the discharge amount required to discharge the sampled state of charge to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval and the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge can be determined as the time required for the battery to be left at rest from the sampled state of charge until self-discharged to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval.

[0077] In some embodiments, for each sampled state of charge, the time required for the battery to be allowed to stand from the sampled state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge-discharge interval can be determined based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the self-discharge rate corresponding to at least one other sampled state of charge lower than the sampled state of charge. For example, the discharge time corresponding to the multiple discharge stages experienced by the battery in the process of standing from the sampled state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge-discharge interval can be determined based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the self-discharge rate corresponding to at least one other sampled state of charge lower than the sampled state of charge. The discharge time corresponding to the battery in the multiple discharge stages is accumulated to obtain the time required for the battery to be allowed to stand from the sampled state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge-discharge interval.

[0078] Step S132: determining a corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the standby time period based on the standby time periods corresponding to the sampled state of charge.

[0079] In some implementations, an interpolation method may be used to determine the correspondence between the state of charge of the battery and the standby time period based on the standby time periods corresponding to the sampled state of charge.

[0080] In some implementations, the correspondence between the battery state of charge and the standby time can be fitted based on the standby time corresponding to each sampled state of charge, to obtain the fitted correspondence between the battery state of charge and the standby time.

[0081] In the above embodiment, the corresponding standing time periods corresponding to each sampled state of charge are determined based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to each sampled state of charge, and the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the standing time periods are determined based on the corresponding standing time periods corresponding to each sampled state of charge. The corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the standing time periods can be determined quickly and accurately.

[0082] In some embodiments, the at least one sampled state of charge includes a plurality of sampled states of charge arranged in ascending order starting from a lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval.

[0083] like Figure 4 As shown, the step S131 described above, based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge, determining the stationary time corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge may include the following steps S141 to S142: Step S141, for each of the sampled states of charge, based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the state of charge difference between the sampled state of charge and the previous sampled state of charge of the sampled state of charge, determine the discharge time corresponding to the sampled state of charge, the discharge time representing the time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the previous sampled state of charge.

[0084] Here, the discharge time corresponding to the sampled state of charge represents the time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the state of charge before the sampled state of charge. For example, if at least one sampled state of charge includes 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, ..., 100%, then the discharge time corresponding to the state of charge 1% represents the time required for the battery to discharge from a state of charge of 1% to 0%, and the discharge time corresponding to the state of charge 2% represents the time required for the battery to discharge from a state of charge of 2% to 1%. For another example, if at least one sampled state of charge includes 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, ..., 100%, then the discharge time corresponding to the state of charge 5% represents the time required for the battery to discharge from a state of charge of 5% to 0%, and the discharge time corresponding to the state of charge 15% represents the time required for the battery to discharge from a state of charge of 15% to 10%.

[0085] In some implementations, the charge state difference between the sampled state of charge and the previous sampled state of charge of the sampled state of charge may be divided by the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge to obtain the discharge duration corresponding to the sampled state of charge.

[0086] Step S142, based on the discharge time length corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge, determining the allowable rest time length corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge.

[0087] In some implementations, the discharge time corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the discharge time corresponding to each other sampled state of charge before the sampled state of charge may be accumulated to obtain the standstill time corresponding to the sampled state of charge.

[0088] In the above embodiment, based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the state of charge difference between the sampled state of charge and the previous sampled state of charge, the discharge time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the previous sampled state of charge is determined, and based on the discharge time corresponding to each sampled state of charge, the static time corresponding to each sampled state of charge is determined. In this way, since the static time corresponding to the sampled state of charge is the time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range, based on the discharge time corresponding to the battery under each sampled state of charge, the static time corresponding to each sampled state of charge can be conveniently and accurately determined.

[0089] In some embodiments, controlling the battery to charge or discharge to the target state of charge described in step S103 may include at least one of the following steps S151 and S152: Step S151 : when the current state of charge of the battery is lower than the target state of charge, controlling the battery to be charged to the target state of charge.

[0090] During implementation, those skilled in the art may adopt any appropriate charging control strategy according to actual conditions to control the battery to charge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0091] Step S152 , when the current state of charge of the battery is higher than the target state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge to the target state of charge.

[0092] During implementation, those skilled in the art may adopt any appropriate discharge control strategy according to actual conditions to control the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0093] In the above embodiment, when the current state of charge of the battery is lower than the target state of charge, the battery is controlled to be charged to the target state of charge, and / or when the current state of charge of the battery is higher than the target state of charge, the battery is controlled to be discharged to the target state of charge. In this way, the battery can be charged and discharged to the target state of charge simply and quickly.

[0094] In some embodiments, controlling the battery to discharge to the target state of charge described in step S152 may include at least one of the following steps S161 and S162: Step S161 , when the target state of charge is lower than or equal to a first preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge.

[0095] Step S162, when the target state of charge is higher than the first preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the first preset state of charge, waiting for the battery to stand in the first preset state of charge for a second preset time, and then controlling the battery to charge to the target state of charge.

[0096] The first preset state of charge may be a suitable value pre-set by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, and is not limited here.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first preset state of charge may be less than or equal to a target state of charge threshold, and the target state of charge threshold may be an upper limit of the state of charge at which metal ions stored in the overhang region of the battery anode are released, that is, when the state of charge of the battery is less than the target state of charge threshold, the metal ions stored in the overhang region of the battery anode are released, thereby improving the battery capacity and improving the battery capacity loss. For example, in the case where the battery is a lithium battery, the target state of charge threshold may be an upper limit of the state of charge at which lithium ions stored in the overhang region of the battery anode are released. For example, if the target state of charge threshold is 10%, the first preset state of charge may be less than or equal to 10%.

[0098] In some embodiments, when the target state of charge of the battery is lower than or equal to the first preset state of charge, the battery may be controlled to discharge directly from the current state of charge to the target state of charge.

[0099] In some embodiments, when the target state of charge of the battery is higher than the first preset state of charge, the battery can be controlled to discharge from the current state of charge to the first preset state of charge, and after the battery is left at rest for a second preset time at the first preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to charge to the target state of charge. The second preset time can be determined by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions and is not limited here. For example, the second preset time can be 0.5 hours, 1 hour, or 3 hours.

[0100] In the above embodiments, on the one hand, when the target state of charge is lower than or equal to the first preset state of charge, it indicates that the target state of charge is a lower state of charge, and by directly discharging the battery to the target state of charge, the battery can be allowed to stand at the lower state of charge, thereby promoting the battery capacity, improving the battery capacity loss, and slowing down the battery life decay; on the other hand, when the target state of charge is higher than the first preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to discharge from the current state of charge to a first preset state of charge that is lower than the target state of charge, and after the battery has been allowed to stand at the lower first preset state of charge for a second preset period of time, the battery is controlled to charge to the target state of charge. In this way, by allowing the battery to stand at the lower first preset state of charge for a second preset period of time, the battery capacity can be promoted, the battery capacity loss can be improved, and the battery life decay can be slowed down.

[0101] In some embodiments, controlling the battery to be charged to the target state of charge in step S151 may include at least one of the following steps S171 and S172: Step S171 , when the current state of charge is lower than or equal to a second preset state of charge, controlling the battery to charge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge.

[0102] Step S172, when the current state of charge is higher than the second preset state of charge, control the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the second preset state of charge, wait for the battery to stand still for a third preset time in the second preset state of charge, and then control the battery to charge to the target state of charge.

[0103] The second preset state of charge may be a suitable value pre-set by a person skilled in the art according to actual conditions, which is not limited here. The second preset state of charge may be the same as or different from the first preset state of charge.

[0104] In some embodiments, the second preset state of charge may be less than the target state of charge threshold value. For example, if the target state of charge threshold value is 10%, the second preset state of charge may be less than or equal to 10%.

[0105] The third preset duration can be determined by those skilled in the art according to actual conditions, and is not limited here. For example, the third preset duration can be 0.5 hours, 1 hour, or 3 hours, etc. The third preset duration can be the same as or different from the second preset duration.

[0106] In the above embodiments, on the one hand, when the current state of charge is lower than or equal to the second preset state of charge, it indicates that the current state of charge is a lower state of charge, and thus the current capacity of the battery is better utilized, that is, the battery capacity loss is smaller, and by directly charging the battery from the current state of charge to the target state of charge, the battery charging and discharging process can be simplified and the charging efficiency can be improved; on the other hand, when the current state of charge is higher than the second preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to discharge from the current state of charge to the lower second preset state of charge, and after the battery has been stationary for a third preset period of time in the lower second preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to charge to the target state of charge. In this way, by allowing the battery to be stationary for a third preset period of time in the lower second preset state of charge, the battery capacity can be utilized, the battery capacity loss can be improved, and the battery life decay can be slowed down.

[0107] In some embodiments, the battery charging and discharging method may further include the following step S181: Step S181: in response to detecting that the resting time of the battery from the target state of charge exceeds the waiting resting time, outputting charging prompt information.

[0108] Here, the charging reminder information can be used to remind the user to recharge the battery.

[0109] For example, if the battery is to be placed in a static state for 30 days, when it is detected that the battery has been placed in a static state for more than 30 days from the target state of charge, a charging reminder message may be output to prompt the user to recharge the battery in time.

[0110] In the above embodiment, by outputting a charging reminder message when the battery has been stationary for longer than the waiting stationary time since the target state of charge, the user can be reminded in time to recharge the battery, thereby reducing the risk of the battery self-discharging to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range due to the long stationary time.

[0111] The following describes the application of the battery charging and discharging method provided in the embodiment of the present application in actual scenarios. The battery charging and discharging method can be applied to control scenarios of metal batteries such as lithium batteries, metal ion batteries, metal air batteries, etc., to improve battery capacity and life.

[0112] Taking the control scenario of lithium batteries as an example, the battery charging and discharging method provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the battery capacity, slow down the rapid attenuation of battery life, and alleviate problems such as overhang lithium plating.

[0113] In the embodiment of the present application, by obtaining the estimated rest time of the battery and reasonably adjusting the SOC of the battery before resting according to the rest time, the battery is discharged to a lower SOC for storage / resting, which can improve the battery capacity & life losslessly (i.e., without applying external stress), improve the battery capacity utilization, slow down the battery life attenuation, reduce overhang lithium plating, and reduce the risk of gas production caused by the battery voltage being lower than the lower limit voltage that can be used.

[0114] In actual use, the battery may be in a medium or high SOC state for a long time. The impacts of the battery being in a high SOC state for a long time may include: 1) Lithium storage in the anode overhang area: High SOC state will cause lithium in the large anode area to migrate to the anode overhang area, causing lithium to be stored in the overhang area, resulting in reduced capacity and increased risk of overhang lithium deposition; in the subsequent charging and discharging process, the lithium stored in the overhang area needs to be slowly released over a long period of time to exert part of the capacity, and long-term storage of lithium in the overhang area will also result in a certain capacity loss. Therefore, lithium storage in the overhang area will cause unnecessary capacity reduction and capacity loss.

[0115] 2) Increased capacity decay: Batteries stored in a high SOC state will have a faster capacity decay rate than those stored in a low SOC state, causing increased battery decay and reducing battery service life.

[0116] For example, select a number of lithium iron batteries, charge and discharge them to different SOC (0 to 100%), and then store them at 60°C. Perform a capacity test at regular intervals (e.g., 30 days, 90 days, 180 days). The capacity decay (SOH) curve is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the SOH corresponding to the batteries with different SOCs after 30 days of storage is shown in curve 21, the SOH corresponding to the batteries with different SOCs after 90 days of storage is shown in curve 22, and the SOH corresponding to the batteries with different SOCs after 180 days of storage is shown in curve 23. According to the changing trends of curves 21, 22, and 23, it can be seen that the battery ages more slowly when stored in a lower SOC state. It can be seen that when the battery is not used (i.e., static), it is better to keep the battery in a lower SOC state to maintain a higher capacity of the battery and slow down the capacity decay.

[0117] In summary, the battery needs to be kept at a low SOC state as much as possible during the static process, but storage at too low SOC will also bring other effects. The possible effects of storing the battery at too low SOC include: 1) Self-discharge causes the battery voltage to be lower than the lower limit of the normal operating voltage range of the battery during the static process (i.e., the battery's SOC is lower than the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range), which may cause the degradation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film and lead to additional capacity loss; 2) Battery gas production risk: Too low voltage will also increase the gas production of the battery cell and increase the risk of gas expansion.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present application, the SOC (corresponding to the target state of charge in the aforementioned embodiment) to which the battery needs to be charged or discharged before being placed at rest can be determined based on the estimated resting time and the self-discharge rate of the battery.

[0119] In some embodiments, the SOC of the battery before starting to rest can be adjusted as low as possible while ensuring that the voltage of the battery after self-discharge during rest is not lower than the lower limit of the normal use range of the battery. The normal use range of the battery can correspond to the available charge and discharge range in the above embodiment.

[0120] In addition, if the actual standing time of the battery is longer than the preset standing time, the battery voltage may be at risk of falling below the lower limit of the normal battery usage range. The charging reminder information can be output to promptly remind the user to recharge the battery, and the new target charge state can be determined based on the user-reset standing time.

[0121] In some embodiments, the battery charging and discharging method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be executed by a vehicle-mounted BMS, and the BMS can determine the SOC to which the battery needs to be charged and discharged before being placed at rest based on the battery rest time preset by the user.

[0122] In the embodiment of the present application, the battery can be left at rest or stored for a period of time in a low SOC state to reduce the lithium storage in the overhang area of ​​the battery and release the lithium stored in the overhang area to improve the battery capacity, slow down the battery life decay, and reduce overhang lithium deposition. On this basis, the battery can be controlled to charge and discharge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge by discharging the battery or discharging the battery and then charging it.

[0123] In some embodiments, the following steps S201 to S202 may be used to test the battery at a plurality of first sampled states of charge (denoted as ) under the self-discharge rate, where Is a positive integer.

[0124] Step S201, battery capacity calibration, includes: 1) Charge the battery with constant current and constant voltage to the lower voltage limit of the normal use range of the battery (such as 3.65V); 2) Discharge the battery at a constant current to the lower voltage limit of the normal battery usage range (such as 2.5V), and record the discharged capacity as , This is the current total capacity of the battery.

[0125] Step S202, testing the battery Self-discharge rate at: 1) Charge the battery with constant current and constant voltage to the lower voltage limit of the battery's normal use range; 2) Discharge the battery at a constant current until the battery is discharged After reaching ; 3) Remove the battery from the Start to stand still for m days in the state, where m is a positive integer; 4) After standing for m days, discharge the battery at a constant current until the voltage limit of the battery's normal use range is reached, and record the discharge capacity as .

[0126] 5) Calculate using the following formula 1-1 The corresponding self-discharge rate : (1-1).

[0127] in, and There is a preset correspondence between them. For example, and The preset corresponding relationship between them can be shown in the following Table 1: Table 1 and Schematic diagram of the preset correspondence between

[0128] In the experiment, each After the corresponding self-discharge rate is calculated, the linear interpolation method can be used to calculate the state of charge of each second sample in the interval [0%, 100%] with a sampling interval of 1%. The corresponding self-discharge rate . Where i is a positive integer, and self-discharge rate The corresponding relationship between them can be shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 and self-discharge rate Schematic diagram of the preset correspondence between

[0129] According to each second sampled state of charge The corresponding self-discharge rate , it is possible to determine the state of charge of each second sample Corresponding static time For example, the second sampled state of charge may be determined in the manner shown in the following formula 1-2: Corresponding static time : (1-2); in, for and For example, if the state of charge of two adjacent second sampling states is If the difference between is 1%, or 0.01.

[0130] According to each second sampled state of charge Corresponding static time , a curve of the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the length of time that the battery can be left at rest can be drawn (corresponding to the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the length of time that the battery can be left at rest in the aforementioned embodiment).

[0131] During the use of electronic products (i.e., electrical devices) containing batteries, if it is planned not to use the electronic products for a long time, such as not running electric vehicles for a long time, the corresponding relationship curve between the battery's state of charge and the static time can be queried based on the estimated static time of the battery, the target state of charge of the battery can be determined, and the battery can be charged and discharged before starting the static time to adjust the battery's state of charge to the target state of charge.

[0132] During the process of charging and discharging the battery, the battery can be controlled to charge and discharge directly from the current state of charge to the target state of charge, or the battery can be controlled to discharge from the current state of charge to a preset state of charge (corresponding to the first preset state of charge or the second preset state of charge in the aforementioned embodiment) and then charge to the target state of charge.

[0133] For example, the battery to be left at rest (which may have overhang area lithium storage and need to improve capacity and life) can be processed as follows according to the discharge process: 1) Discharge to the target state of charge according to the rated discharge rate; 2) Discharge to the target state of charge at 1 / 10 to 1 / 3 times the rated discharge rate; 3) Keep the battery at rest until the next time it is charged.

[0134] In this way, when the battery is charged for next use, it can be charged normally.

[0135] For example, the battery to be left at rest (which may have lithium stored in the overhang area and need to improve capacity and life) can be treated as follows according to the process of discharging and then charging: 1) Discharge to voltage V1 at rated discharge rate (the battery SOC at voltage V1 is the preset state of charge, which is lower than the target state of charge); 2) Discharge to voltage V1 at 1 / 10 to 1 / 3 times the rated discharge rate; 3) leaving the battery to rest for a preset time (corresponding to the second preset time or the third preset time in the above embodiment); 4) Charge to the target state of charge at the rated rate; 5) Keep the battery at rest until the next time it is charged.

[0136] In this way, when the battery is charged for next use, it can be charged normally.

[0137] The battery charging and discharging method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the BMS of an electronic product containing a battery, or in the software system of a handheld / external tool of an electronic product. When the battery charging and discharging method is applied to the BMS, when the conditions are suitable, the battery charging and discharging process can be manually triggered or the battery charging and discharging process can be automatically detected and triggered to achieve the effect of improving the battery capacity and slowing down the battery life decay. For example: 1) When the user plans not to use the electronic product containing the battery for a certain period of time, the user can "one-click maintenance" by himself to trigger the battery charging and discharging process; 2) For long-term storage of backup energy storage batteries, the BMS detects that the battery is stored in a medium-to-high SOC (for example, the SOC is higher than the preset SOC threshold) for a long time and there is capacity decay or the battery life is lower than the available capacity. The battery charging and discharging process can be automatically triggered. 3) In the scenario of battery cascade utilization and secondary utilization, the battery that has reached its original design life can be processed by detection, classification, splitting, reorganization, etc. to manufacture cascade products that meet relevant standards and can be applied to other fields to achieve battery cascade utilization or secondary utilization. However, due to the long storage time between the first use and the second use of the battery, lithium may be stored in the overhang area of ​​the battery, and the capacity utilization may be reduced. At this time, the battery charging and discharging process can be manually triggered. Under the condition that the voltage after self-discharge during the static process of the battery is not lower than the lower limit of the normal use range of the battery, use a lower SOC storage battery as much as possible to release the lithium stored in the overhang area, improve capacity utilization, and slow down capacity attenuation.

[0138] The battery charging and discharging method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to products or scenarios including but not limited to energy storage scenarios, electric vehicle factories, electronic products (electric vehicles, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric two-wheelers, electric tricycles, electric drones, electric robots / electric robot dogs, electric weapons, electric aircraft, electric toys, electric tools, electric trains, golf carts, outdoor power supplies, small electrical appliances, consumer electronic smart terminals, etc.) and other application scopes.

[0139] The present application embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging device, such as Figure 6 As shown, the battery charging and discharging device 300 includes an acquisition module 310, a determination module 320 and a control module 330, wherein: An acquisition module 310 is used to acquire the battery's standby time; A determination module 320, configured to determine a target state of charge of the battery based on the waiting time and the self-discharge rate of the battery; The control module 330 is used to control the battery to charge and discharge to the target state of charge, so that the battery starts to rest at the target state of charge.

[0140] In the battery charging and discharging device of the embodiment of the present application, since the battery's resting time and the battery's self-discharge rate are comprehensively considered, a more suitable target state of charge can be determined for the battery before the battery is placed at rest, and the battery can be adjusted to the target state of charge before the battery is placed at rest, so that the battery can start to rest at a suitable state of charge without applying additional external force to the battery, and the battery capacity can be improved non-destructively, reducing the capacity loss caused by too high or too low a battery state of charge during rest, thereby improving the battery life.

[0141] In some embodiments, the determination module is also used to: obtain the self-discharge rate corresponding to the battery under at least one sampled state of charge; determine the correspondence between the state of charge of the battery and the allowable standing time based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge; the allowable standing time represents the time required for the battery to stand from the corresponding state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range; determine the target state of charge of the battery based on the waiting standing time and the corresponding relationship.

[0142] In some embodiments, the determination module is also used to: for each of the sampled states of charge, obtain the self-discharge amount generated by the battery being stationary for a first preset time period under the sampled state of charge; based on the self-discharge amount corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge and the first preset time period, determine the self-discharge rate corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge.

[0143] In some embodiments, the determination module is also used to: determine the stationary time corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge; and determine the correspondence between the state of charge of the battery and the stationary time based on the stationary time corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge.

[0144] In some embodiments, the at least one sampled state of charge includes a plurality of sampled states of charge arranged in ascending order starting from the lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval; the determination module is further used to: for each of the sampled states of charge, determine the discharge time corresponding to the sampled state of charge based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the charge state difference between the sampled state of charge and the previous sampled state of charge of the sampled state of charge, wherein the discharge time represents the time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the previous sampled state of charge; and determine the available static time corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge based on the discharge time corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge.

[0145] In some embodiments, the control module is also used for at least one of the following: controlling the battery to charge to the target state of charge when the current state of charge of the battery is lower than the target state of charge; controlling the battery to discharge to the target state of charge when the current state of charge of the battery is higher than the target state of charge.

[0146] In some embodiments, the control module is also used for at least one of the following: when the target state of charge is lower than or equal to a first preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge; when the target state of charge is higher than the first preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the first preset state of charge, and after waiting for the battery to stand still for a second preset period of time in the first preset state of charge, controlling the battery to charge to the target state of charge.

[0147] In some embodiments, the control module is also used for at least one of the following: when the current state of charge is lower than or equal to a second preset state of charge, controlling the battery to charge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge; when the current state of charge is higher than the second preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the second preset state of charge, and after waiting for the battery to stand still for a third preset period of time in the second preset state of charge, controlling the battery to charge to the target state of charge.

[0148] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned device further includes: an output module, configured to output charging prompt information in response to detecting that the resting time of the battery from the target state of charge exceeds the waiting resting time.

[0149] The description of the above device embodiment is similar to the description of the above method embodiment, and has similar beneficial effects as the method embodiment. In some embodiments, the functions or modules included in the device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to execute the method described in the above method embodiment. For technical details not disclosed in the device embodiment of the present application, please refer to the description of the method embodiment of the present application for understanding.

[0150] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, if the above method is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can be essentially or partly reflected in the form of a software product that contributes to the relevant technology. The software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods of each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a disk or an optical disk. In this way, the embodiments of the present application are not limited to any specific hardware, software or firmware, or any combination of hardware, software, and firmware.

[0151] The present application embodiment provides an electrical device, such as Figure 7 As shown, the electrical device 400 includes a battery pack 410 , and the battery pack 410 includes batteries 411 and a battery management system 412 . The battery management system 412 is used to implement some or all of the steps in the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method.

[0152] The present application embodiment provides an energy storage device, such as Figure 8 As shown, the energy storage device 500 includes an energy storage battery 510 and a battery management system 520. The battery management system 520 uses the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method to control the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery 510.

[0153] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be run on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, some or all of the steps in the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method are implemented.

[0154] The embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, some or all of the steps in the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method are implemented. The computer-readable storage medium can be transient or non-transient.

[0155] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program, including a computer-readable code. When the computer-readable code is run in a computer device, a processor in the computer device executes some or all of the steps for implementing the above method.

[0156] The embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is read and executed by a computer, some or all of the steps in the above method are implemented. The computer program product can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the computer program product is specifically embodied as a computer storage medium, and in other embodiments, the computer program product is specifically embodied as a software product, such as a software development kit (SDK), etc.

[0157] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor, some or all of the steps in the above-mentioned battery charging and discharging method are implemented.

[0158] It should be noted here that the description of the various embodiments above tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments, and the same or similar aspects can be referenced to each other. The description of the above device, storage medium, computer program and computer program product embodiments is similar to the description of the above method embodiment, and has similar beneficial effects as the method embodiment. For technical details not disclosed in the embodiments of the device, storage medium, computer program and computer program product of this application, please refer to the description of the method embodiment of this application for understanding.

[0159] It should be noted that Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a hardware entity of a computer device in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Fig. 9As shown, the hardware entity of the computer device 600 includes: a processor 601, a communication interface 602 and a memory 603, wherein: the processor 601 generally controls the overall operation of the computer device 600. The communication interface 602 can enable the computer device to communicate with other terminals or servers through a network. The memory 603 is configured to store instructions and applications executable by the processor 601, and can also cache data to be processed or processed by the processor 601 and each module in the computer device 600 (for example, image data, audio data, voice communication data and video communication data), which can be implemented by flash memory (FLASH) or random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM). Data transmission can be performed between the processor 601, the communication interface 602 and the memory 603 through a bus 604.

[0160] It should be understood that "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial number of each step / process mentioned above does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each step / process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application. The serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application mentioned above are for description only and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0161] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0162] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as: multiple units or components can be combined, or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the components shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0163] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units; some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. In addition, the functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be all integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be separately used as a unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit; the above integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0164] A person skilled in the art can understand that: all or part of the steps of implementing the above method embodiment can be completed by hardware related to program instructions, and the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it executes the steps of the above method embodiment; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as mobile storage devices, read-only memories (ROM), magnetic disks or optical disks.

[0165] Alternatively, if the above-mentioned integrated unit of the present application is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can essentially or in other words, the part that contributes to the relevant technology can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods of each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as mobile storage devices, ROMs, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0166] The above are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery charging and discharging method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Get the battery's idle time; Determining a target state of charge of the battery based on the waiting time and the self-discharge rate of the battery; The battery is controlled to be charged and discharged to the target state of charge, so that the battery starts to rest at the target state of charge.

2. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining the target state of charge of the battery based on the waiting time and the self-discharge rate of the battery includes: Obtaining a self-discharge rate corresponding to each of the batteries under at least one sampled state of charge; Based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to the sampled states of charge, respectively, determining the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the allowable rest time; the allowable rest time represents the time required for the battery to rest from the corresponding state of charge until it self-discharges to the lower limit of the available charge and discharge range; Based on the waiting time and the corresponding relationship, a target state of charge of the battery is determined.

3. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The obtaining of the self-discharge rate corresponding to the battery under at least one sampled state of charge comprises: For each of the sampled state of charge, obtaining a self-discharge amount of the battery generated by standing still for a first preset time period under the sampled state of charge; Based on the self-discharge amounts respectively corresponding to the sampled states of charge and the first preset time period, the self-discharge rates respectively corresponding to the battery under the sampled states of charge are determined.

4. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determining the corresponding relationship between the state of charge of the battery and the resting time based on the self-discharge rates corresponding to the sampled states of charge respectively includes: Determine the stationary time length corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge; Based on the respective standby time periods corresponding to the sampled charge states, a corresponding relationship between the charge state of the battery and the standby time period is determined.

5. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The at least one sampled state of charge includes a plurality of sampled states of charge arranged in ascending order starting from a lower limit of the available charge and discharge interval; The determining, based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge, the stationary time corresponding to each of the sampled states of charge, includes: For each of the sampled states of charge, based on the self-discharge rate corresponding to the sampled state of charge and the state of charge difference between the sampled state of charge and a previous sampled state of charge of the sampled state of charge, determine the discharge time corresponding to the sampled state of charge, wherein the discharge time represents the time required for the battery to self-discharge from the sampled state of charge to the previous sampled state of charge; Based on the discharge time lengths corresponding to the sampled states of charge, the allowable rest time lengths corresponding to the sampled states of charge are determined.

6. The battery charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The controlling the battery to charge and discharge to the target state of charge includes at least one of the following: When the current state of charge of the battery is lower than the target state of charge, controlling the battery to be charged to the target state of charge; When the current state of charge of the battery is higher than the target state of charge, the battery is controlled to discharge to the target state of charge.

7. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controlling the battery to discharge to the target state of charge includes at least one of the following: When the target state of charge is lower than or equal to a first preset state of charge, controlling the battery to discharge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge; When the target state of charge is higher than the first preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to discharge from the current state of charge to the first preset state of charge, and after the battery has been stationary for a second preset time period in the first preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to charge to the target state of charge.

8. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controlling the battery to be charged to the target state of charge includes at least one of the following: When the current state of charge is lower than or equal to a second preset state of charge, controlling the battery to charge from the current state of charge to the target state of charge; When the current state of charge is higher than the second preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to discharge from the current state of charge to the second preset state of charge, and after the battery has been stationary for a third preset time period in the second preset state of charge, the battery is controlled to charge to the target state of charge.

9. The battery charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method further comprises: In response to detecting that the rest time of the battery from the target state of charge exceeds the to-be-rest time, charging prompt information is output.

10. A battery charging and discharging device, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to obtain the battery's idle time; A determination module, configured to determine a target state of charge of the battery based on the waiting time and the self-discharge rate of the battery; The control module is used to control the battery to charge and discharge to the target state of charge, so that the battery starts to rest at the target state of charge.

11. An electrical device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises batteries and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is used to implement the steps in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

12. An energy storage device, characterized in that: It comprises an energy storage battery and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system adopts the battery charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to control the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery.

13. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps in the battery charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are implemented.

14. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the battery charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are implemented.

15. A computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that When the computer program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps in the battery charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are implemented.

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