Antenna with High-Gain and Large-Angle Beam Deflection Based on Metasurface

Abstract

The antenna based on metasurface with high gain and large-angle beam deflection provided by the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology. It includes: a first metasurface structure and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure arranged at intervals from top to bottom; the first metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of first circular ring patches, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches, a plurality of first square ring patches, a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate. On the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, a plurality of first circular ring patches arranged periodically are printed. On the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches arranged periodically are printed. A plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate. On the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate, a plurality of first square ring patches arranged periodically are printed; the outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches remain unchanged and the inner diameters decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, and the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches remain unchanged and the inner diameters decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis. The control of the antenna beam deflection is realized to improve the antenna gain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and particularly to an antenna with high gain and large-angle beam deflection based on a metasurface. Background Art

[0002] In modern wireless communication systems, the importance of indoor wireless signal coverage and enhancement has become increasingly prominent. The millimeter-wave band signals used in the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) encounter significant wall penetration losses in indoor environments, which poses a challenge to signal propagation. To address this challenge, researchers have focused on metasurface technology. Metasurface technology can precisely control the beam by adjusting the characteristics of electromagnetic waves such as phase and amplitude, thus playing an important role in wireless communication. In an actual urban environment, 5G millimeter-wave signals may be blocked by buildings, affecting signal coverage, while metasurface technology can improve the coverage range and quality of 5G millimeter-wave signals, providing users with a better network experience. Therefore, by combining the metasurface structure and the antenna, signal enhancement and redirection in wireless communication can be achieved, making the combination of the metasurface structure and the antenna an important issue in wireless communication systems.

[0003] Currently, Wuhan University of Science and Technology proposed a polarization-insensitive phase gradient metasurface structure in its patent document "Polarization-Insensitive Phase Gradient Metasurface" (Application No.: 201511016833.8, Publication No.: CN105552564 A). This metasurface structure consists of nine small units, forming a 3×3 metasurface array. Each small unit contains three structures with different geometric parameters, and the combination of these three structures with different geometric parameters forms a fixed phase gradient. However, the phase difference between adjacent unit structures is a fixed constant, and the metasurface structure is insensitive to the polarization direction of the incident electromagnetic wave, making the metasurface structure only have the polarization direction-insensitive characteristic and it is difficult to improve the antenna gain and control the antenna beam deflection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The objective of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an antenna with high gain and large-angle beam deflection based on a metasurface, and solve the problem that it is difficult for the metasurface structure to improve the antenna gain and control the antenna beam deflection.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides an antenna with high gain and large-angle beam deflection based on a metasurface, including: a first metasurface structure and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure;

[0007] The first metasurface structure is arranged parallel to the upper side of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure coincides with the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure;

[0008] The first metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of first circular ring patches, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches, a plurality of first square ring patches, a first dielectric substrate, and a second dielectric substrate. On the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, a plurality of first circular ring patches arranged periodically are printed. On the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches arranged periodically are printed, and a plurality of the first cross-shaped circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate. On the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate, a plurality of first square ring patches arranged periodically are printed. The plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches are patches with a cross-shaped hollow opened in a circular patch;

[0009] The outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis.

[0010] In some embodiments, the antenna with high-gain and large-angle beam deflection based on the metasurface further includes a second metasurface structure;

[0011] The second metasurface structure is arranged parallel to the upper side of the first metasurface structure, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the second metasurface structure, the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure coincide with each other.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of second circular ring patches, a plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches, a plurality of second square ring patches, a third dielectric substrate, and a fourth dielectric substrate. On the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, a plurality of second circular ring patches arranged periodically are printed. On the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, a plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches arranged periodically are printed, and a plurality of the second cross-shaped circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate. On the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate, a plurality of second square ring patches arranged periodically are printed. The plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches are patches with a cross-shaped hollow opened in a circular patch;

[0013] The outer diameters of the plurality of second circular ring patches remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of second circular ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of second square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of second square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis.

[0014] In some embodiments, the materials of the multiple first circular ring patches and the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches are both polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constant of the multiple first circular ring patches and the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches is 2.8, the material of the multiple first square ring patches is copper, the materials of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is 2.2;

[0015] The materials of the multiple second circular ring patches and the multiple second cross-shaped circular patches are both polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constant of the multiple second circular ring patches and the multiple second cross-shaped circular patches is 2.8, the material of the multiple second square ring patches is copper, the materials of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate is 2.2.

[0016] In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure are both 1 / 33 of the operating wavelength.

[0017] In some embodiments, the height between the first metasurface structure and the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure is half of the operating wavelength;

[0018] The height between the first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure is 8 mm.

[0019] In some embodiments, the thicknesses of the multiple first circular ring patches, the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches, the multiple first square ring patches, the multiple second circular ring patches, the multiple second cross-shaped circular patches, and the multiple second square ring patches are all 0.1 mm;

[0020] The thicknesses of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm;

[0021] The thicknesses of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm.

[0022] In some embodiments, the inner diameter range of the multiple first circular ring patches is 5 mm to 13 mm, the cross-shaped hollow of the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches is two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows are both 12 mm, the widths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows are both 4 mm, the inner diameter range of the multiple first square ring patches is 5 mm to 13 mm, and the outer diameters of the multiple first circular ring patches, the circular outer diameters of the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches, and the outer diameters of the multiple first square ring patches are all 13.5 mm;

[0023] The inner diameters of the multiple second circular patch arrays range from 5 mm to 13 mm. The cross-shaped cutout of the multiple second cross-shaped circular patches is composed of two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts. The lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts are both 12 mm, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts are both 4 mm. The inner diameters of the multiple second square-ring patch arrays range from 5 mm to 13 mm. The outer diameters of the multiple second circular patch arrays, the circular outer diameters of the multiple second cross-shaped circular patches, and the outer diameters of the multiple second square-ring patch arrays are all 13.5 mm.

[0024] In some embodiments, the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure includes a first dielectric substrate layer, a square radiation patch, a second dielectric substrate layer, two feed lines, a third dielectric substrate layer, and an L-shaped cavity ground plane structure. The L-shaped cavity ground plane structure is a structure with an L-shaped cavity formed on the ground plane, and the L-shaped cavity is composed of two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities.

[0025] The square radiation patch is disposed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate layer, and the square radiation patch is connected to the center position of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate layer.

[0026] Two feed lines are disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer. The two feed lines are spaced apart and the extension lines of the two feed lines are perpendicular. Part of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer and part of the two feed lines are both connected to the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate layer.

[0027] The L-shaped cavity ground plane structure is disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate layer.

[0028] In some embodiments, the L-shaped cavity is filled with air. The heights of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities are both 3 mm, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities are both 12.5 mm, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities are both 4.3 mm.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on a metasurface provided by the present invention includes a first metasurface structure and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; the first metasurface structure is arranged parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure coincides with the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; the first metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of first circular patch antennas, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patch antennas, a plurality of first square annular patch antennas, a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of first circular patch antennas arranged periodically, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patch antennas arranged periodically, and a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patch antennas are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate. The lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is printed with a plurality of first square annular patch antennas arranged periodically. The plurality of first cross-shaped circular patch antennas are patch antennas with a cross-shaped hollow opened in a circular patch antenna; the outer diameters of the plurality of first circular patch antennas remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular patch antennas gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patch antennas remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of first square annular patch antennas remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square annular patch antennas gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis. In this way, by adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular patch antennas along the positive half-axis of the x-axis and adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first square annular patch antennas along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the control of the antenna beam deflection is realized, and thus the antenna gain can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] By reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary but non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0031] Figure 1 Schematically shows the structural diagram of an antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on a metasurface;

[0032] Figure 2 Schematically shows the front view of the first metasurface structure;

[0033] Figure 3 Schematically shows the structural diagram of an antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection with two metasurface structures;

[0034] Figure 4 Schematically shows the schematic diagrams of three kinds of patch antennas;

[0035] Figure 5 Schematically shows the top view of a plurality of first circular patch antennas;

[0036] Figure 6The top view schematically shows a plurality of first cross-circular patches;

[0037] Figure 7 The bottom view schematically shows a plurality of first square-ring patches;

[0038] Figure 8 The schematic diagram schematically shows the structure of a dual-polarized microstrip antenna;

[0039] Figure 9 The relationship diagram schematically shows the variation of the reflection phase and reflection amplitude with frequency;

[0040] Figure 10 The relationship diagram schematically shows the variation of the reflection phase and amplitude with the inner diameter of the circular ring and the inner diameter length of the square ring at 9 GHz;

[0041] Figure 11 The analysis result diagram schematically shows the frequency response under different polarizations;

[0042] Figure 12 The analysis result diagram schematically shows the cross-isolation under different polarizations;

[0043] Figure 13 The variation diagram schematically shows the variation of the reflection phase with frequency under the conditions of different inner diameters of the first circular-ring patches and different inner diameters of the first square-ring patches;

[0044] Figure 14 The comparison diagram schematically shows the direction gain comparison of a single metasurface structure, two metasurface structures, and without applying a metasurface;

[0045] Figure 15 The comparison diagram schematically shows the comparison of the beam direction after rotating a single metasurface structure around the normal.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0047] 1. First metasurface structure; 11. A plurality of first circular-ring patches; 12. A plurality of first cross-circular patches; 13. A plurality of first square-ring patches; 14. First dielectric substrate; 15. Second dielectric substrate; 2. Dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; 21. L-shaped cavity ground plane structure; 22. Square radiation patch; 23. Two feed lines; 24. First dielectric underlayer; 25. Second dielectric underlayer; 26. Third dielectric underlayer; 3. Second metasurface structure. Detailed implementation manners

[0048] The following further describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The detailed descriptions and drawings of the following embodiments are used to exemplarily illustrate the principles of the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms, not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the text, but including all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0049] The following details an antenna based on a metasurface with high-gain and large-angle beam deflection in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] See Figure 1 as shown, Figure 1 Schematically shows the structural diagram of an antenna based on a metasurface with high-gain and large-angle beam deflection. The embodiments of the present invention propose an antenna based on a metasurface with high-gain and large-angle beam deflection, including: a first metasurface structure 1 and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2;

[0051] The first metasurface structure 1 is arranged parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1 coincides with the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2;

[0052] The first metasurface structure 1 is composed of a plurality of first circular ring patches 11, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12, a plurality of first square ring patches 13, a first dielectric substrate 14, and a second dielectric substrate 15. On the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 14, a plurality of first circular ring patches 11 arranged periodically are printed. On the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 14, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 arranged periodically are printed, and a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 15. On the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15, a plurality of first square ring patches 13 arranged periodically are printed. The plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are patches with a cross-shaped hollow in a circular patch;

[0053] The outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis.

[0054] Specifically, the first metasurface structure 1 generates different reflection phases by keeping the sizes of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 unchanged and changing the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13. After the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 with different inner diameters and the plurality of first square ring patches 13 with different inner diameters are arranged periodically, a phase gradient surface with an approximately uniform change in phase gradient will appear in a specific direction.

[0055] Figure 2 A front view of the first metasurface structure 1 is schematically shown. The first metasurface structure 1 is provided with a plurality of first circular ring patches 11, a first dielectric substrate 14, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12, a second dielectric substrate 15 and a plurality of first square ring patches 13 in sequence from top to bottom. Specifically, a plurality of first circular ring patches 11 arranged periodically are printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 14, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 arranged periodically are printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 14, and a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 15. A plurality of first square ring patches 13 arranged periodically are printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15.

[0056] In this embodiment, Figure 3 A structural diagram of an antenna with high-gain large-angle beam deflection having two metasurface structures is schematically shown. The antenna with high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on the metasurface further includes a second metasurface structure 3; the second metasurface structure 3 is arranged parallel to the upper part of the first metasurface structure 1, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the second metasurface structure 3, the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1 and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 coincide with each other.

[0057] Specifically, the first metasurface structure 1 supports a cascaded configuration, and a second metasurface structure 3 parallel to the first metasurface structure 1 is arranged above the first metasurface structure 1. The first metasurface structure 1 is the same as the second metasurface structure 3.

[0058] The first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 have polarization-insensitive characteristics. The first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 can be rotated along the normal line of the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1 and the normal line of the geometric center of the second metasurface structure 3, so that by rotating the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3, a 360° polarization beam scanning can be achieved.

[0059] In this embodiment, the second metasurface structure 3 is composed of a plurality of second circular ring patches, a plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches, a plurality of second square ring patches, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate. A plurality of second circular ring patches arranged periodically are printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, a plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches arranged periodically are printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and a plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate. A plurality of second square ring patches arranged periodically are printed on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate. The plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches are patches with a cross-shaped hollow opened in a circular patch;

[0060] The outer diameters of multiple second circular patch arrays remain unchanged, the inner diameters of multiple second circular patch arrays gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the dimensions of multiple second cross-shaped circular patch arrays remain unchanged, the outer diameters of multiple second square ring patch arrays remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of multiple second square ring patch arrays gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis.

[0061] Specifically, the second metasurface structure 3 generates different reflection phases by keeping the dimensions of multiple second cross-shaped circular patch arrays unchanged and changing the inner diameters of multiple second circular patch arrays and multiple second square ring patch arrays. After multiple second circular patch arrays with different inner diameters and multiple second square ring patch arrays with different inner diameters are periodically arranged, a phase gradient surface with approximately uniform phase gradient change will appear along a specific direction.

[0062] The first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 are used at different frequencies. Each metasurface structure deflects the maximum beam angle of the antenna by 30°, and the maximum gain is increased by 11.9 dB.

[0063] In this embodiment, the materials of multiple first circular patch arrays 11 and multiple first cross-shaped circular patch arrays 12 are both polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constant of multiple first circular patch arrays 11 and multiple first cross-shaped circular patch arrays 12 is 2.8, the material of multiple first square ring patch arrays 13 is copper, the materials of the first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 is 2.2;

[0064] The materials of multiple second circular patch arrays and multiple second cross-shaped circular patch arrays are both polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constant of multiple second circular patch arrays and multiple second cross-shaped circular patch arrays is 2.8, the material of multiple second square ring patch arrays is copper, the materials of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate is 2.2.

[0065] In this embodiment, the thicknesses of the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 are both 1 / 33 of the working wavelength.

[0066] Specifically, the thicknesses of the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 are both very thin, only 1 / 33 of the working wavelength. For example, the thicknesses of the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 are both 1.1 mm.

[0067] In this embodiment, the height between the first metasurface structure 1 and the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 is half of the working wavelength;

[0068] The height between the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 is 8 mm.

[0069] Specifically, the first metasurface structure 1 is loaded in parallel above the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2, and the loading height between the first metasurface structure 1 and the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 is 16.7 mm. The antenna operating frequency determines the loading height, and the loading height is half of the operating wavelength. When the loading height is 16.7 mm, within the 9 GHz operating frequency range, the first metasurface structure 1 can improve the antenna gain and the antenna beam deflection effect.

[0070] In this embodiment, the thicknesses of the multiple first circular ring patches 11, the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12, the multiple first square ring patches 13, the multiple second circular ring patches, the multiple second cross-shaped circular patches, and the multiple second square ring patches are all 0.1 mm;

[0071] The thicknesses of the first dielectric substrate 14 and the second dielectric substrate 15 are both 0.4 mm;

[0072] The thicknesses of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm.

[0073] In this embodiment, the inner diameter range of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 is 5 mm to 13 mm. The cross-shaped cutout of the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 is two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts, and the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts are both 12 mm, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts are both 4 mm. The inner diameter range of the multiple first square ring patches 13 is 5 mm to 13 mm. The outer diameters of the multiple first circular ring patches 11, the circular outer diameters of the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12, and the outer diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13 are all 13.5 mm;

[0074] The inner diameter range of the multiple second circular ring patches is 5 mm to 13 mm. The cross-shaped cutout of the multiple second cross-shaped circular patches is two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts, and the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts are both 12 mm, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts are both 4 mm. The inner diameter range of the multiple second square ring patches is 5 mm to 13 mm. The outer diameters of the multiple second circular ring patches, the circular outer diameters of the multiple second cross-shaped circular patches, and the outer diameters of the multiple second square ring patches are all 13.5 mm.

[0075] Specifically, Figure 4 Schematically shows the schematic diagrams of three types of patches. Refer to Figure 4 as shown, Figure 4 The leftmost one is a first circular ring patch among the multiple first circular ring patches 11. The inner diameter of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 refers to the length of the diameter of the first inner ring, the outer diameter of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 refers to the length of the diameter of the first outer ring, and the inner diameter of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 is expressed as , the outer diameters of multiple first circular ring patches 11 are represented as . Figure 4 In the middle is one of the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12. The lengths of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts in the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are the same, and the lengths of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts in the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are all represented as . The widths of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts in the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are the same, and the widths of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts in the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are represented as . The circular outer diameters of the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are represented as . Figure 4 The rightmost one is one of the multiple first square ring patches 13. The inner diameter of the multiple first square ring patches 13 refers to the length of the perpendicular distance between two parallel sides of the first inner square ring, and the outer diameter of the multiple first square ring patches 13 refers to the length of the perpendicular distance between two parallel sides of the first outer square ring. The inner diameter of the multiple first square ring patches 13 is represented as , and the outer diameter of the multiple first square ring patches 13 is represented as .

[0076] Specifically, the inner diameter of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 gradually decreases from 13 mm to 5 mm. The sizes of the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 remain unchanged, that is, the lengths of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts in the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 and the widths of two mutually perpendicular first rectangular cutouts in the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 remain unchanged. The circular outer diameters of the multiple first cross-shaped circular patches 12 remain unchanged. The inner diameter of the multiple first square ring patches 13 gradually decreases from 13 mm to 5 mm.

[0077] Since the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13 along the positive x-axis direction are different, and the inner diameters of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 along the positive x-axis direction are different, the reflection phase of the first metasurface structure 1 changes approximately uniformly in this direction, which constitutes the phase gradient surface of the first metasurface structure 1, thereby effectively controlling the deflection direction of the antenna beam.

[0078] Specifically, the inner diameter of the multiple second circular ring patches refers to the length of the diameter of the second inner circular ring, and the outer diameter of the multiple second circular ring patches refers to the length of the diameter of the second outer circular ring. The inner diameter of the multiple second circular ring patches is represented as , and the outer diameter of the multiple second circular ring patches is represented as The lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts in multiple second cross-circular patches are the same, and the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts in multiple second cross-circular patches are all represented as ; the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts in multiple second cross-circular patches are the same, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts in multiple second cross-circular patches are represented as ; the outer circular diameter of multiple second cross-circular patches is represented as The inner diameter of multiple second square-ring patches refers to the length of the perpendicular distance between two parallel sides of the second inner square ring, the outer diameter of multiple second square-ring patches refers to the length of the perpendicular distance between two parallel sides of the second outer square ring, and the inner diameter of multiple second square-ring patches is represented as ; the outer diameter of multiple second square-ring patches is represented as .

[0079] The inner diameter of multiple second circular-ring patches gradually decreases from 13 mm to 5 mm. The sizes of multiple second cross-circular patches remain unchanged, that is, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts in multiple second cross-circular patches and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular cutouts in multiple second cross-circular patches remain unchanged, the outer circular diameter of multiple second cross-circular patches remains unchanged, and the inner diameter of multiple second square-ring patches gradually decreases from 13 mm to 5 mm.

[0080] Since the inner diameters of multiple second square-ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are different and the inner diameters of multiple second circular-ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are different, the reflection phase of the second metasurface structure 3 changes approximately uniformly in this direction, which constitutes the phase gradient surface of the second metasurface structure 3, thereby effectively controlling the deflection direction of the antenna beam.

[0081] Multiple first circular-ring patches 11, multiple first cross-circular patches 12, and multiple first square-ring patches 13 are all arranged periodically, and the period length is 15 mm.

[0082] The arrangement layouts of multiple first circular-ring patches 11 and multiple first square-ring patches 13 are the same, that is, the number of multiple first circular-ring patches 11 along the positive x-axis is the same as the number of multiple first square-ring patches 13 along the positive x-axis, the number of multiple first circular-ring patches 11 along the positive y-axis direction is the same as the number of multiple first square-ring patches 13 along the positive y-axis direction, and the inner diameters of multiple first circular-ring patches 11 and multiple first square-ring patches 13 both gradually decrease along the positive x-axis.

[0083] Figure 5 A top view schematically shows a plurality of first circular ring patches 11. There are 9×9 first circular ring patches 11, and the 9×9 first circular ring patches 11 are arranged in a periodic pattern on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 14. The inner diameters of the 9 first circular ring patches 11 in each row of the first circular ring patches along the positive y-axis direction are the same, and the inner diameters of the 9 first circular ring patches 11 in each column of the first circular ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are different. The inner diameters of the 9 first circular ring patches 11 in each column of the first circular ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are specifically represented as: , the inner diameters of the 9 first circular ring patches 11 in each column of the first circular ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are, from largest to smallest, as follows: 13mm, 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm.

[0084] Figure 6 A top view schematically shows a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12. There are 9×9 first cross-shaped circular patches 12, and the 9×9 first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are arranged in a periodic pattern on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 15.

[0085] Figure 7 A bottom view schematically shows a plurality of first square ring patches 13. There are 9×9 first square ring patches 13, and the 9×9 first square ring patches 13 are arranged in a periodic pattern on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15. The inner diameters of the 9 first square ring patches 13 in each row of the first square ring patches along the positive y-axis direction are the same, and the inner diameters of the 9 first square ring patches 13 in each column of the first square ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are different. The inner diameters of the 9 first square ring patches 13 in each column of the first square ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are specifically represented as: , the inner diameters of the 9 first square ring patches 13 in each column of the first square ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are, from largest to smallest, as follows: 13mm, 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm.

[0086] The sizes of the multiple second circular ring patches of the second metasurface structure 3 are the same as those of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 of the first metasurface structure 1, and the sizes of the multiple second square ring patches of the second metasurface structure 3 are the same as those of the multiple first square ring patches 13 of the first metasurface structure 1. There are 9×9 second circular ring patches. The inner diameters of the 9 second circular ring patches in each row of the second circular ring patches along the positive y-axis direction are the same, and the inner diameters of the 9 second circular ring patches in each column of the second circular ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are different. The inner diameters of the 9 second circular ring patches in each column of the second circular ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are specifically expressed as: , and the inner diameters of the 9 second circular ring patches in each column of the second circular ring patches along the positive x-axis direction decrease from large to small as follows: 13mm, 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm. There are 9×9 second cross-circular patches. There are 9×9 second square ring patches. The inner diameters of the 9 second square ring patches in each row of the second square ring patches along the positive y-axis direction are the same, and the inner diameters of the 9 second square ring patches in each column of the second square ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are different. The inner diameters of the 9 second square ring patches in each column of the second square ring patches along the positive x-axis direction are expressed as: , and the inner diameters of the 9 second square ring patches in each column of the second square ring patches along the positive x-axis direction decrease from large to small as follows: 13mm, 12mm, 11mm, 10mm, 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm.

[0087] When the sizes of the multiple first cross-circular patches 12 of the first metasurface structure 1 remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the multiple first circular ring patches 11 and the inner diameters of the multiple first square ring patches 13 gradually decrease, the average phase difference between each first circular ring patch and each first square ring patch remains at about 10°, achieving a reflection phase coverage of about 80°, and the reflection amplitude always remains at a level higher than 0.95.

[0088] In this embodiment,Figure 8 Figure 2 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2. The dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 includes a first dielectric substrate layer 24, a square radiation patch 22, a second dielectric substrate layer 25, two feed lines 23, a third dielectric substrate layer 26, and an L-shaped cavity ground plane structure 21. The L-shaped cavity ground plane structure 21 is a structure with an L-shaped cavity formed on the ground plane. The L-shaped cavity is composed of two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities.

[0089] The square radiation patch 22 is disposed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate layer 24, and the square radiation patch 22 is connected to the center position of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate layer 25.

[0090] Two feed lines 23 are disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer 26. The two feed lines 23 are spaced apart and the extension lines of the two feed lines 23 are perpendicular. Part of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer 26 and part of the two feed lines 23 are both connected to the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate layer 25.

[0091] The L-shaped cavity ground plane structure 21 is disposed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate layer 26.

[0092] In this embodiment, the L-shaped cavity is filled with air. The height of each of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 3 mm, the length of each of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 12.5 mm, and the width of each of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 4.3 mm.

[0093] Specifically, the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 is based on a Fabry-Perot cavity antenna. The L-shaped cavity is filled with air. The two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities forming the L-shaped cavity have the same size. The height of each of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 3 mm, the length of each of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 12.5 mm, and the width of each of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities is 4.3 mm.

[0094] The relative dielectric constants of the first dielectric substrate layer 24, the second dielectric substrate layer 25, and the third dielectric substrate layer 26 in the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2 are 2.2. The thickness of the first dielectric substrate layer 24 is 1.5 mm, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate layer 25 is 3 mm, and the thickness of the third dielectric substrate layer 26 is 0.5 mm. The materials of the first dielectric substrate layer 24, the second dielectric substrate layer 25, and the third dielectric substrate layer 26 are polytetrafluoroethylene. The length of the square radiation patch 22 is 6 mm, and the width of the square radiation patch 22 is 6 mm. The two feed lines 23 have the same shape and size. The two feed lines 23 are both square. The length of each of the two feed lines 23 is 15.5 mm, and the width of each of the two feed lines 23 is 1.5 mm. The material of the L-shaped cavity ground plane structure 21 is copper.

[0095] Figure 9Schematically shows a relationship diagram of the reflection phase and reflection amplitude varying with frequency. See Figure 9 As shown, the abscissa is the frequency, which refers to the frequency of the antenna based on the metasurface with high-gain and large-angle beam deflection of the present invention. The left ordinate is the reflection phase, and the right ordinate is the reflection amplitude. The straight line with circles is the reflection phase, and the straight line with squares is the reflection amplitude. Using an electromagnetic simulation tool, the performance of the first metasurface structure 1 is verified, and the reflection characteristics of the first metasurface structure 1 at frequencies from 7.0 GHz to 11.0 GHz are verified. The reflection characteristics include the reflection phase and reflection amplitude. The reflection phase of the first metasurface structure 1 decreases as the frequency increases, while the reflection amplitude of the first metasurface structure 1 always remains at a level higher than 0.9.

[0096] Figure 10 Schematically shows a relationship diagram of the reflection phase and amplitude varying with the inner diameter of the circular ring and the inner diameter of the square ring at 9 GHz. The inner diameter of the circular ring is the inner diameter of the plurality of first circular patches 11, and the inner diameter of the square ring is the inner diameter of the plurality of first square patches 13. The abscissa is the inner diameter of the circular ring and the inner diameter of the square ring. The left ordinate is the reflection phase, and the right ordinate is the reflection amplitude. The straight line with circles is the reflection phase, and the straight line with squares is the reflection amplitude. When the sizes of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 remain unchanged, as the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular patches 11 and the plurality of first square patches 13 decrease, the reflection phase of the first metasurface structure 1 approximately linearly increases, and the reflection amplitude of the first metasurface structure 1 first increases and then decreases. This shows that by adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular patches 11 and the plurality of first square patches 13 in the first metasurface structure 1, the phase gradient between each first circular patch and each first square patch can be changed.

[0097] Figure 11 Schematically shows a diagram of the frequency response analysis results under different polarizations. Figure 12 Schematically shows a diagram of the cross-polarization isolation analysis results under different polarizations. Figure 11 and Figure 12 The abscissas of both are the frequency, the left ordinates of both are the reflection phase, and the right ordinates of both are the reflection amplitude. Figure 11 and Figure 12 The straight lines with circles in both are the reflection phase of the transverse electric wave to transverse electric wave propagation, the straight lines with squares in both are the reflection phase of the transverse magnetic wave to transverse magnetic wave propagation, the straight lines with triangles in both are the reflection amplitude of the transverse electric wave to transverse electric wave propagation, and the straight lines with diamonds in both are the reflection amplitude of the transverse magnetic wave to transverse magnetic wave propagation. The polarization characteristics are the reflection characteristics and cross-polarization isolation of the first metasurface structure 1 in the frequency range of 7.0 GHz - 11.0 GHz. See Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, the reflection characteristics of the first metasurface structure 1 are the same in the Transverse Magnetic Mode (TM) and Transverse Electric Mode (TE) and have extremely low cross-polarization isolation, which proves that the first metasurface structure 1 is less sensitive to polarization.

[0098] Figure 13 Schematically shows the variation diagram of the reflection phase with frequency under different inner diameters of the first circular ring patch and different inner diameters of the first square ring patch. The abscissa is the frequency, and the ordinate is the reflection phase. Figure 13 The straight line with a circle represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 13 mm. The straight line with a pentagram represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 12 mm. The straight line with a hexagon represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 11 mm. The straight line with a rectangle represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 10 mm. The straight line with a rhombus represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 9 mm. The straight line with an equilateral triangle represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 8 mm. The straight line with an inverted triangle represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 7 mm. The straight line with an arrow pointing to the right represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 6 mm. The straight line with an arrow pointing to the left represents the inner diameter of the first circular ring patch and the inner diameter of the first square ring patch Both are the reflection phases under the condition of 5 mm. In the frequency range of 7.0 GHz - 11.0 GHz, the average phase difference between adjacent first square ring patches, adjacent first circular ring patches, and adjacent first cross-shaped circular patches remains at about 10°. A first square ring patch with a gradient phase of about 10°, a first circular ring patch with a gradient phase of about 10°, and a first cross-shaped circular patch with a gradient phase of about 10° are obtained. At the same time, combined withFigure 10 Verify that the first metasurface structure 1 achieves a reflection phase coverage of about 80° at 9 GHz.

[0099] Figure 14 The direction gain comparison diagrams of a single metasurface structure, two metasurface structures, and without applying the metasurface are schematically shown. The abscissa is the azimuth angle, and the ordinate is the directivity. The uniformly spaced dashed line is a single metasurface, that is, a single metasurface structure. The solid line is two metasurfaces, that is, two metasurface structures. The non-uniformly spaced dashed line is without applying the metasurface. When the first metasurface structure 1 acts alone, the beam deflection is 30°. When the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 act together, the beam deflection of the light beam is 49°. When no metasurface structure is applied, the maximum gain of the feeding antenna is 5.1 dB. After loading the first metasurface structure 1, the gain is effectively increased to 17.0 dB. After loading the first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3, the gain is effectively increased to 16.6 dB. The maximum gain of the antenna of the first metasurface structure 1 is increased by 11.9 dB. The maximum gain of the antenna loaded with two metasurface structures is increased by 11.5 dB. The first metasurface structure 1 and the second metasurface structure 3 have successfully achieved large-angle beam deflection and significantly improved the gain.

[0100] Figure 15 The comparison diagram of the beam direction after rotating a single metasurface structure around the normal is schematically shown. The single metasurface structure is the first metasurface structure 1. The uniformly spaced long dashed line indicates that the rotation angle of the first metasurface structure 1 is 0°. The solid line indicates that the rotation angle of the first metasurface structure 1 is 60°. The uniformly spaced dashed line indicates that the rotation angle of the first metasurface structure 1 is 120°. The uniformly spaced short dashed line indicates that the rotation angle of the first metasurface structure 1 is 240°. Based on the polarization-insensitive characteristic of the first metasurface structure 1, the first metasurface structure 1 can be rotated along the normal of the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1 to achieve beam scanning within the range of 0 to 360° in the plane. It can be seen that when the phase gradient partial reflection metasurface is not rotated, rotated by 60°, rotated by 120°, and rotated by 240°, the beam deflection of 30° is maintained, and the main beam direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the phase gradient partial reflection metasurface.

[0101] Under the condition of only the first metasurface structure 1, the deflection and enhancement of the antenna beam can be achieved, and it has polarization-insensitive characteristics. When the first metasurface structure 1 is rotated along the normal line of its geometric center, the deflection direction of the antenna beam is consistent with the rotation direction of the first metasurface structure 1, so as to realize 360° polarization beam scanning on the plane where the first metasurface structure 1 is located. The first metasurface structure 1 supports cascaded use, that is, the second metasurface structure 3 is loaded on the first metasurface structure 1. Under the condition of having two metasurface structures, that is, adding the second metasurface structure 3, compared with only the first metasurface structure 1, the deflection angle of the antenna beam can be further increased, so as to enhance the signal coverage and directivity.

[0102] The antenna based on metasurface with high gain and large-angle beam deflection according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first metasurface structure 1 and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2; the first metasurface structure 1 is arranged parallel to the upper side of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure 1 coincides with the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure 2; the first metasurface structure 1 is composed of a plurality of first circular ring patches 11, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12, a plurality of first square ring patches 13, a first dielectric substrate 14 and a second dielectric substrate 15. The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 is printed with a plurality of first circular ring patches 11 arranged periodically, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 14 is printed with a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 arranged periodically, and a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 15. The lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 15 is printed with a plurality of first square ring patches 13 arranged periodically. The plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 are patches with a cross-shaped hollow opened in the circular patch; the outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches 12 remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis. In this way, by adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches 11 along the positive half-axis of the x-axis and adjusting the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches 13 along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the control of the antenna beam deflection can be realized, and thus the antenna gain can be improved.

[0103] Although some specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the above examples are only for illustration and not for limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments can be modified or some technical features can be equivalently replaced without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way.

[0104] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna based on metasurface with high gain and large-angle beam deflection, characterized in that, Including: A first metasurface structure and a dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; The first metasurface structure is arranged parallel to the upper side of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure coincides with the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure; The first metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of first circular ring patches, a plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches, a plurality of first square ring patches, a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of first circular ring patches arranged periodically, the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate. The lower surface of the second dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of first square ring patches arranged periodically. The plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches are patches with a cross-shaped hollow opened in a circular patch; The outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis; The range of the inner diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches is 5 mm to 13 mm. The cross-shaped hollow of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches is two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows. The lengths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows are both 12 mm, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular first rectangular hollows are both 4 mm. The range of the inner diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches is 5 mm to 13 mm. The outer diameters of the plurality of first circular ring patches, the circular outer diameters of the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patches and the outer diameters of the plurality of first square ring patches are all 13.5 mm.

2. The antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on a metasurface according to claim 1, wherein The antenna based on the metasurface with high gain and large-angle beam deflection further includes a second metasurface structure; The second metasurface structure is arranged parallel to the upper side of the first metasurface structure, and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the second metasurface structure, the normal line passing through the geometric center of the first metasurface structure and the normal line passing through the geometric center of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure coincide with each other; 3. The antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on metasurface according to claim 2, wherein The second metasurface structure is composed of a plurality of second circular ring patches, a plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches, a plurality of second square ring patches, a third dielectric substrate and a fourth dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of second circular ring patches arranged periodically, the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches arranged periodically, and the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches are connected to the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate. The lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is printed with the plurality of second square ring patches arranged periodically. The plurality of second cross-shaped circular patches are patches with a cross-shaped hollow opened in a circular patch; The outer diameters of the plurality of second circular patch antennas remain unchanged, the inner diameters of the plurality of second circular patch antennas gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis, the sizes of the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patch antennas remain unchanged, the outer diameters of the plurality of second square-ring patch antennas remain unchanged, and the inner diameters of the plurality of second square-ring patch antennas gradually decrease along the positive half-axis of the x-axis.

4. The antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on metasurface according to claim 3, characterized in that, The materials of the plurality of first circular patch antennas and the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patch antennas are both polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constant of the plurality of first circular patch antennas and the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patch antennas is 2.8, the material of the plurality of first square-ring patch antennas is copper, the materials of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate is 2.2; The materials of the plurality of second circular patch antennas and the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patch antennas are both polycarbonate, the relative dielectric constant of the plurality of second circular patch antennas and the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patch antennas is 2.8, the material of the plurality of second square-ring patch antennas is copper, the materials of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both polytetrafluoroethylene, and the relative dielectric constant of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate is 2.

2.

5. The antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on metasurface according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thicknesses of the first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure are both 1 / 33 of the operating wavelength.

6. The antenna based on metasurface for high-gain large-angle beam deflection according to claim 2, wherein The height between the first metasurface structure and the dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure is half of the operating wavelength; The height between the first metasurface structure and the second metasurface structure is 8 mm.

7. The antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on a metasurface according to claim 3, wherein The thicknesses of the plurality of first circular patch antennas, the plurality of first cross-shaped circular patch antennas, the plurality of first square-ring patch antennas, the plurality of second circular patch antennas, the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patch antennas, and the plurality of second square-ring patch antennas are all 0.1 mm; The thicknesses of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm; The thicknesses of the third dielectric substrate and the fourth dielectric substrate are both 0.4 mm.

8. The antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on metasurface according to claim 3, wherein The inner diameter range of the plurality of second circular patch antennas is 5 mm to 13 mm, the cross-shaped hollow of the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patch antennas is two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows are both 12 mm, the widths of the two mutually perpendicular second rectangular hollows are both 4 mm, the inner diameter range of the plurality of second square-ring patch antennas is 5 mm to 13 mm, and the outer diameters of the plurality of second circular patch antennas, the circular outer diameters of the plurality of second cross-shaped circular patch antennas, and the outer diameters of the plurality of second square-ring patch antennas are all 13.5 mm.

9. The antenna based on metasurface with high-gain and large-angle beam deflection according to claim 1, wherein The dual-polarized microstrip antenna structure includes a first dielectric substrate layer, a square radiation patch, a second dielectric substrate layer, two feed lines, a third dielectric substrate layer, and an L-shaped cavity ground plane structure. The L-shaped cavity ground plane structure is a structure with an L-shaped cavity opened on the ground plane, and the L-shaped cavity is composed of two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities; The lower surface of the first dielectric substrate layer is provided with the square radiation patch, and the square radiation patch is connected to the center position of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate layer; The upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer is provided with the two feed lines, the two feed lines are arranged at intervals and the extension lines of the two feed lines are perpendicular, and a part of the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate layer and a part of the two feed lines are both connected to the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate layer; The lower surface of the third dielectric substrate layer is provided with the L-shaped cavity ground plane structure.

10. The antenna for high-gain large-angle beam deflection based on metasurface according to claim 9, wherein The L-shaped cavity is used to fill air. The heights of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities are both 3 mm, the lengths of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities are both 12.5 mm, and the widths of the two mutually perpendicular rectangular cavities are both 4.3 mm.

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