Dual-frequency base station antenna

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a dual-frequency base station antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antenna equipment, the dual-frequency base station antenna comprises a grounding plate, two dielectric substrates are laminated on the grounding plate, each dielectric substrate is correspondingly provided with a radiation unit, and the radiation signal frequency bands of the two radiation units are different; the radiation unit comprises a radiation patch and a metal through hole array which are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the radiation patch is a fan-shaped patch, the metal through hole array is arranged around the arc-shaped edge of the radiation patch, and the metal through hole array, the grounding plate, the dielectric substrate and the radiation patch jointly form a substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity; the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity is configured to couple and excite the radiation patch after being externally excited so as to radiate a signal of a preset frequency band through the radiation patch. The dual-frequency base station antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has excellent pilot frequency isolation performance, and can realize bandwidth expansion and radiation optimization effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to communication antenna technology, and more particularly to a dual-band base station antenna. Background Technology

[0002] As mobile communication technology develops towards higher frequency bands and multiple frequency bands, communication antennas need to simultaneously support the transmission and reception of signals from two or more independent frequency bands to meet the demands of high-speed data transmission.

[0003] In related technologies, dual-band base station antennas utilize different resonant modes of a single radiating patch to achieve dual-band operation. The radiating patch operates simultaneously in different resonant modes such as the fundamental mode and higher-order modes, thereby realizing dual-band functionality.

[0004] However, since the fundamental mode and higher-order modes share the same radiating patch, parasitic resonance is easily induced when the dual-band base station antenna radiates, resulting in insufficient inter-frequency isolation performance and inability to effectively suppress signal interference from adjacent frequency bands. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a dual-band base station antenna to solve the technical problem of insufficient inter-frequency isolation performance of dual-band base station antennas in related technologies.

[0006] The dual-band base station antenna provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0007] The ground plane has two dielectric substrates stacked on it, and each dielectric substrate has a corresponding radiating unit. The two radiating units have different radiating signal frequency bands.

[0008] The radiating unit includes a radiating patch and a metal via array disposed on the dielectric substrate. The radiating patch is a fan-shaped patch, and the metal via array is disposed around the arc-shaped edge of the radiating patch. The metal via array, the ground plane, the dielectric substrate, and the radiating patch together form a substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity.

[0009] The substrate-integrated waveguide resonant cavity is configured to, upon external excitation, couple and excite the radiating patch through the metal via array, so that the radiating patch radiates a signal in a preset frequency band.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the two dielectric substrates include a first sub-dielectric substrate disposed on the ground plane and a second sub-dielectric substrate disposed on the first sub-dielectric substrate;

[0011] The two radiation units include a first sub-radiation unit disposed on the first sub-dielectric substrate and a second sub-radiation unit disposed on the second sub-dielectric substrate;

[0012] The first sub-radiating unit includes a first radiating patch and a first metal via array, and the second sub-radiating unit includes a second radiating patch and a second metal via array. The first radiating patch, the ground plane, the first sub-dielectric substrate, and the first metal via array form a first substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, and the second radiating patch, the first radiating patch, the second sub-dielectric substrate, and the second metal via array form a second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity.

[0013] The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the ground plane is greater than the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the ground plane.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the device further includes a power supply probe that passes sequentially through the ground plane, the first sub-dielectric substrate, and the second sub-dielectric substrate. The second radiating patch is provided with a power supply point, and the power supply probe excites the second radiating patch through the power supply point.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the first radiating patch is provided with a first clearance hole for the feed probe to pass through, and the ground plane is provided with a second clearance hole for the feed probe to pass through.

[0016] The first clearance hole, the second clearance hole, and the power supply probe are arranged coaxially. The power supply probe is also configured to electromagnetically couple and excite the first radiating patch when the second radiating patch is excited.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the first radiating patch is provided with an annular slit surrounding the first clearance hole, and the annular slit is used to adjust the coupling capacitance of the first sub-radiating unit.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the feed point is located at the intersection of the angle bisector of the second radiating patch and the electric wall position of the TM02 resonant mode of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity;

[0019] The array direction of the second metal via array is set along the electric wall position of the target resonant mode of the second radiating patch, and is configured to suppress at least one non-target resonant mode of the second radiating patch.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the first radiating patch coincides with the vertex of the first substrate integrated waveguide resonator, and the second radiating patch coincides with the vertex of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonator.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the angle between the first radiating patch and the second radiating patch is a right angle or an acute angle.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the ground plane, the first sub-dielectric substrate, and the second sub-dielectric substrate are all rectangular plates, and the first radiating patch and the second radiating patch are both right-angled sector patches.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the orthographic projections of the two dielectric substrates on the ground plane coincide; the orthographic projection of the dielectric substrates on the ground plane coincides with the outline of the ground plane.

[0024] The dual-band base station antenna provided in this application embodiment has two radiating units stacked together, which can save the lateral installation area of ​​the dual-band base station antenna and make the structure of the dual-band base station antenna more compact. In addition, the radiating patch adopts a fan-shaped patch, which effectively reduces the size of the resonant structure compared with a complete circular radiating patch, and realizes a miniaturized structural design.

[0025] Since the metal via array, ground plane, dielectric substrate, and radiating patch together form a substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity is configured to couple and excite the radiating patch through the metal via array after being externally excited, so that the radiating patch radiates a signal of a preset frequency band. The boundary conditions of the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and the geometric symmetry of the fan-shaped patch can destroy the resonance conditions of asymmetric higher-order modes and suppress parasitic resonance, thereby achieving a wider inter-frequency isolation stopband and effectively avoiding mutual interference between signals of two operating frequency bands. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a dual-band base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 A side view of a dual-band base station antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first sub-radiating unit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second sub-radiating unit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a simulation diagram of the S-parameters of a dual-band base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a simulation diagram of the gain curve of a dual-band base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of a dual-band base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of a dual-band base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of a dual-band base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of a dual-band base station antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0038] 100-Grounding;

[0039] 110 - Second clearance hole;

[0040] 200 - Dielectric substrate;

[0041] 210 - First sub-dielectric substrate; 220 - Second sub-dielectric substrate;

[0042] 300-radiation unit;

[0043] 310 - First Sub-Radiation Unit;

[0044] 311-First radiating patch; 3111-First clearance hole; 3112-Annular gap; 3113-First region; 3114-Second region;

[0045] 312 - First metal through-hole array;

[0046] 320 - Second sub-radiating unit;

[0047] 321-Second radiating patch; 3211-Feed point; 3212-Angle bisector;

[0048] 322 - Second metal via array;

[0049] 400-Feed probe.

[0050] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application.

[0052] As mentioned in the background section, in densely deployed scenarios such as urban areas, the parasitic resonance characteristics of traditional base station antennas at high harmonics can lead to a deterioration in the signal-to-noise ratio of adjacent frequency bands, severely impacting network performance. Against this backdrop, researching high-performance base station antennas that combine dual-frequency operation with inter-frequency isolation is of great significance for promoting the development of next-generation communication systems.

[0053] In related technologies, base station antennas can achieve dual-frequency operation by simultaneously utilizing the antenna's fundamental mode and higher-order modes, or by designing two independent base station antenna units operating at different frequency bands and integrating them in three-dimensional space. However, the inter-frequency isolation bandwidth of the above two types of base station antennas is relatively narrow, and the isolation performance is poor, making it impossible to effectively suppress signal interference from adjacent frequency bands.

[0054] Based on this, one or more embodiments of this application provide a dual-band base station antenna. By forming a substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity together with a metal through-hole array, a ground plane, a dielectric substrate, and a radiating patch, the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity is configured to couple and excite the radiating patch after being externally excited, so as to radiate signals of a preset frequency band through the radiating patch. The boundary conditions of the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and the geometric symmetry of the fan-shaped patch are combined to destroy the resonance conditions of asymmetric higher-order modes and suppress parasitic resonance, thereby achieving a wider inter-frequency isolation stopband and effectively avoiding mutual interference between signals of two operating frequency bands.

[0055] The dual-band base station antenna of this application embodiment will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the dual-band base station antenna includes a ground plane 100, on which two dielectric substrates 200 are stacked. Each dielectric substrate 200 has a corresponding radiating element 300, and the two radiating elements 300 radiate signals in different frequency bands. The radiating element 300 includes a radiating patch and a metal via array disposed on the dielectric substrate 200. The radiating patch is a fan-shaped patch, and the metal via array is disposed around the arc-shaped edge of the radiating patch. The metal via array, the ground plane, the dielectric substrate, and the radiating patch together form a substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity. The substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity is configured such that, after being excited by external excitation, the radiating patch is excited through the metal via array so that the radiating patch radiates a signal of a preset frequency band.

[0057] As can be seen from the above description, the substrate integrated waveguide resonator is formed by using a metal through-hole array, a ground plane, a dielectric substrate, and a radiating patch. After exciting the substrate integrated waveguide resonator, the radiating patch is then excited through coupling. The combination of the two broadens the impedance bandwidth of the antenna in the operating frequency band, enabling the dual-band base station antenna to cover a wider communication frequency band. In addition, the boundary conditions of the substrate integrated waveguide resonator, in combination with the fan-shaped patch, can effectively disrupt the resonance conditions of asymmetric higher-order modes, thereby suppressing parasitic resonances at the source and giving the dual-band base station antenna better inter-frequency isolation performance.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the two dielectric substrates 200 include a first sub-dielectric substrate 210 disposed on a ground plane 100, and a second sub-dielectric substrate 220 disposed on the first sub-dielectric substrate 210; the two radiating units 300 include a first sub-radiating unit 310 disposed on the first sub-dielectric substrate 210, and a second sub-radiating unit 320 disposed on the second sub-dielectric substrate 220; the first sub-radiating unit 310 includes a first radiating patch 311 and a first metal via array 312, and the second sub-radiating unit 320 includes... The first substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity is formed by the second radiating patch 321 and the second metal via array 322. The first radiating patch 311, the ground plane 100, the first sub-dielectric substrate 210 and the first metal via array 312 form the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity. The second radiating patch 321, the first radiating patch 311, the second sub-dielectric substrate 220 and the second metal via array 322 form the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity. The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 311 on the ground plane 100 is greater than the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 321 on the ground plane 100.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the ground plane 100 is made of metal material. The ground plane 100 is used to reflect the upward radiated electromagnetic waves, which are superimposed with the waves directly radiated by the radiating patch, thereby enhancing the forward gain of the antenna. At the same time, the ground plane 100 also effectively isolates the back side space of the dual-band base station antenna, preventing electromagnetic energy from leaking to the back side.

[0060] Here, the two radiating elements 300 of different frequency bands are integrated into the same vertical projection space, which helps to reduce the lateral installation area of ​​the dual-band base station antenna. The size of the radiating patch determines the resonant frequency. Since the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 311 on the ground plane 100 is larger than the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 321 on the ground plane 100, the operating frequency band of the first sub-radiating element 310 is lower than that of the second sub-radiating element 320. That is, the first sub-radiating element 310 of the dual-band base station antenna is a low-frequency element, and the second sub-radiating element 320 is a high-frequency element. This arrangement eliminates the need for complex tuning circuits, making the antenna structure simpler.

[0061] The first substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity are similar in structure, but are stacked vertically in the spatial direction to achieve electromagnetic isolation and independent operation. As a result, the first radiating patch 311, the second radiating patch 321, the first substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity can all be independently adjusted for the corresponding target frequency band, ensuring that the first sub-radiating unit 310 and the second sub-radiating unit 320 can obtain good impedance matching and radiation characteristics.

[0062] Furthermore, the dual-band base station antenna in this application embodiment also includes a feed probe 400, which passes through the ground plane 100, the first sub-dielectric substrate 210 and the second sub-dielectric substrate 220 in sequence. The second radiating patch 321 is provided with a feed point 3211, and the feed probe 400 excites the second radiating patch 321 through the feed point 3211.

[0063] The feed probe 400 is a metallized coaxial probe, which is connected to an external coaxial cable (Sub-Miniature A, SMA). When an external high-frequency signal is injected through the feed probe 400, it excites the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity and the associated second radiating patch 321 at the feed point 3211. The high-frequency signal is coupled from top to bottom, resulting in less energy loss. The second radiating patch 321 is smaller than the first radiating patch 311, and the larger first radiating patch 311 can act as a ground plane for the second radiating patch 321. Therefore, better excitation efficiency and stable impedance matching in the high-frequency band can be ensured.

[0064] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the first radiating patch 311 is provided with a first clearance hole 3111 for the feeding probe 400 to pass through, and the ground plane 100 is provided with a second clearance hole 110 for the feeding probe 400 to pass through; the first clearance hole 3111, the second clearance hole 110 and the feeding probe 400 are arranged coaxially, and the feeding probe 400 is further configured such that when the second radiating patch 321 is excited, the first radiating patch 311 is excited by electromagnetic coupling.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the diameters of the first clearance hole 3111 and the second clearance hole 110 are both larger than the diameter of the power supply probe 400. The power supply probe 400 has no direct electrical contact with the first clearance hole 3111 and the second clearance hole 110. After the power supply probe 400 passes through the first sub-radiation unit 310, it excites the second sub-radiation unit 320, preventing the first sub-radiation unit 310 from short-circuiting while ensuring that high-frequency energy is transmitted to the second sub-radiation unit 320.

[0066] When the feeding probe 400 excites the second radiating patch 321, the electromagnetic field generated by the second radiating patch 321 and the integrated waveguide resonant cavity of the second substrate penetrates the dielectric substrate 200. Since the physical size of the first sub-radiating unit 310 is larger, the inherent resonant frequency of the first sub-radiating unit 310 is lower than that of the second sub-radiating unit 320. When the energy frequency coupled by the second sub-radiating unit 320 matches the inherent resonant frequency of the first sub-radiating unit 310, the first sub-radiating unit 310 is excited to resonate.

[0067] In related technologies, dual-band base station antennas require separate power dividers or phase shifters for each frequency band, resulting in complex circuit structures. In this embodiment, a single feed probe 400 simultaneously excites two radiating elements 300 at different frequency bands, eliminating the need for the feed network found in related technologies. Only one feed probe 400 and one input port are required, reducing manufacturing steps and material costs. Furthermore, since no additional feed network and input port are required, the dual-band base station antenna in this embodiment avoids energy coupling between different feed paths, thus preventing signal crosstalk.

[0068] As an alternative implementation, the first radiating patch 311 is provided with an annular slit 3112, which surrounds the first clearance hole 3111 and is used to adjust the coupling capacitance of the first sub-radiating unit 310.

[0069] The annular gap 3112 can be formed on the first radiating patch 311 by etching. The annular gap 3112 is set around the first clearance hole 3111 with the first clearance hole 3111 as the center. The inner ring and outer ring of the annular gap 3112 are both arranged concentrically with the first clearance hole 3111. The annular gap 3112 cuts off the radial current path of the first radiating patch 311 around the feed probe 400. By adjusting the size of the annular gap 3112, the coupling strength and impedance matching of the first sub-radiating unit 310 can be adjusted accordingly.

[0070] For example, the annular gap 3112 divides the first radiating patch 311 into two conductive regions: a first region 3113 located within the annular gap 3112 and a second region 3114 located outside the annular gap 3112. The first region 3113 and the second region 3114 form a coupling capacitor, and the width of the annular gap 3112 determines the distance between the first region 3113 and the second region 3114. The feed probe 400 passes through the first clearance hole 3111. The electromagnetic field generated by the excitation couples with the first region 3113 and is then transmitted to the second region 3114, exciting the entire first sub-radiating unit 310 to resonate. When the annular gap 3112 is larger, the capacitive reactance is larger and the coupling is weaker; when the annular gap 3112 is smaller, the capacitive reactance is smaller and the coupling is stronger. Therefore, by adjusting the size of the annular gap 3112, the coupling strength and impedance matching of the first sub-radiating unit 310 can be precisely adjusted, resulting in greater design flexibility.

[0071] In this embodiment, the angle between the first radiating patch 311 and the second radiating patch 321 is a right angle or an acute angle. Further, the ground plane 100, the first sub-dielectric substrate 210 and the second sub-dielectric substrate 220 are all rectangular plates, and the first radiating patch 311 and the second radiating patch 321 are both right-angled sector patches.

[0072] In related technologies, a complete circular radiating patch can support multiple modes such as TM11, TM02, TM21, TM31, and TM12. The fan-shaped radiating patch proposed in this application is designed based on the principle that by analyzing the field distribution, a virtual magnetic wall corresponding to the preset resonant mode can be found. Cutting along the magnetic wall will not change the boundary conditions of the preset resonant mode. Therefore, the circular radiating patch can be divided into four equal parts, each being a 90° sector. Each sector of the radiating patch can independently maintain the same resonant characteristics as the original mode.

[0073] By modifying the radiating patch into a right-angled fan-shaped patch, the area of ​​the radiating patch is significantly reduced, effectively achieving the miniaturization design of dual-band base station antennas.

[0074] Furthermore, the 90° sector-shaped radiating patch has obvious geometric symmetry. Therefore, the right-angle sector-shaped patch can match the centrally symmetric resonant modes such as the TM02 mode while destroying the boundary conditions of asymmetric resonant modes such as the TM11 mode, thereby suppressing the generation of asymmetric resonant modes and realizing structural filtering.

[0075] Of course, as an alternative implementation, the first radiating patch 311 and the second radiating patch 321 can be at right angles or acute angles.

[0076] For example, both the first radiating patch 311 and the second radiating patch 321 are right-angled sector patches with a 90-degree apex angle. Taking the second radiating patch 321 and the second sub-dielectric substrate 220 as an example, the second radiating patch 321 is disposed on the upper surface of the second sub-dielectric substrate 220 and located in the corner region of the second sub-dielectric substrate 220. Thus, the apex of the second radiating patch 321 is close to one of the corner apexes of the second sub-dielectric substrate 220. The arrangement of the first radiating patch 311 on the first sub-dielectric substrate 210 is set with reference to the arrangement of the second radiating patch 321 on the second sub-dielectric substrate 220.

[0077] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the feed point 3211 is located at the intersection of the angle bisector 3212 of the second radiating patch 321 and the electric wall position of the TM02 resonant mode of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity; the array direction of the metal via array is set along the electric wall position of the target resonant mode of the second radiating patch and is configured to suppress at least one non-target resonant mode of the second radiating patch 321.

[0078] For example, the TM02 resonant mode refers to the working resonant mode of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, the target resonant mode refers to the working resonant mode of the second radiating patch, and the non-target resonant mode refers to all modes other than the two working resonant modes mentioned above. In this embodiment of the application, it refers to the first six resonant modes that are closest to the working frequency.

[0079] At least one non-target resonant mode includes the TM21 mode. Both the TM02 mode and the TM21 mode are high-order resonant modes that can be excited by a circular radiating patch. The difference is that the electric field distribution of the TM02 mode on the circular radiating patch has a central symmetry characteristic, while the electric field distribution of the TM21 mode on the circular radiating patch does not have a central symmetry.

[0080] When the radiating patch is a fan-shaped patch, the TM02 mode is preserved because the two straight edges of the second radiating patch 321 with the fan-shaped structure coincide with the magnetic wall boundary of the TM02 mode, and the second metal via array coincides with the electric wall boundary of the TM02 mode. However, the electric field distribution of the TM21 mode cannot satisfy the original field boundary conditions under the fan-shaped structure. Therefore, the second radiating patch 321 with the fan-shaped structure directly suppresses the TM21 mode.

[0081] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, taking the second sub-radiating unit 320 as an example, the preset resonant mode of the second sub-radiating unit 320 is to excite the TM01 mode and the TM02 mode, while suppressing non-preset resonant modes (i.e., parasitic resonant modes) such as TM21. Preferably, the second radiating patch 321 adopts a right-angled sector-shaped radiating patch with a 90° angle. The TM02 mode has rotational symmetry on the complete circular radiating patch. When the circular radiating patch is divided into four 90° sector-shaped radiating patches, the boundary of each right-angled sector-shaped radiating patch falls on the magnetic wall of the circular radiating patch. Therefore, the 90° sector-shaped second radiating patch 321 can completely preserve the field distribution and boundary conditions of the TM02 mode, allowing it to resonate almost without loss in this sector-shaped radiating patch. In addition, the 90° sector-shaped radiating patch, while achieving miniaturization, retains a sufficiently large electrical size to ensure good radiation efficiency and bandwidth.

[0082] Of course, as an alternative implementation, the second radiating patch 321 can also adopt a fan-shaped structure with other angles, such as 60° or 45°. By adaptively adjusting the patch size and power supply position, the fan-shaped radiating patch with other angles can also excite the required preset resonance mode and suppress the corresponding non-preset resonance mode. The angle of the first radiating patch 311 can be set with reference to the description of the second radiating patch 321. This application embodiment does not make an absolute limitation on this.

[0083] In this embodiment, the orthographic projections of the two dielectric substrates 200 on the ground plane 100 coincide; the orthographic projection of the dielectric substrate 200 on the ground plane 100 coincides with the outline of the ground plane 100.

[0084] In the above embodiments, the ground plane 100, the first sub-dielectric substrate 210, and the second sub-dielectric substrate 220 have the same external outline and dimensions, and are aligned vertically to form a multi-layered plate-like structure with neat and regular edges. This regular stacked structure ensures the consistency of the electromagnetic field distribution, avoiding parasitic radiation or unnecessary electromagnetic coupling introduced due to irregular edges or interlayer misalignment. This helps ensure consistency between simulation and actual measurement results, thereby improving the yield of mass-produced products.

[0085] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the first radiating patch 311 coincides with the vertex of the first substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, and the second radiating patch 321 coincides with the vertex of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity.

[0086] In the above embodiments, taking the second radiating patch 321 and the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity as an example, the premise that the preset resonance mode of the second radiating patch 321 is the TM02 mode is that the second metal via array 322 and the straight edge of the second radiating patch 321 together constitute the boundary of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, and the second metal via array 322 is arranged along the arc direction of the second radiating patch 321.

[0087] Therefore, when the feed probe 400 injects a feed signal into the feed point 3211, the electromagnetic energy is confined in the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity. The second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity is excited to the TM01 mode. Since the gaps and edges of the second metal via array 322 form a coupling window, the electromagnetic energy of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity is coupled through the coupling window to excite the current distribution of the second radiating patch 321, causing the second radiating patch 321 to establish a TM02 mode with better radiation performance.

[0088] The second substrate integrated waveguide resonator TM01 mode and the second radiating patch 321 TM02 mode are two independent resonant points, but their frequencies are close. The TM01 mode and TM02 mode are coupled to each other, forming two transmission poles in the impedance frequency response of the antenna, thereby significantly widening the operating bandwidth of the dual-band base station antenna.

[0089] The substrate-integrated waveguide resonant cavity has a high Q value, and establishing resonance through the substrate-integrated waveguide resonant cavity can make the frequency response more stable. In addition, the second substrate-integrated waveguide resonant cavity and the second radiating patch 321 are integrated on the relatively upper second sub-dielectric substrate 220, which facilitates the compact design of dual-band base station antennas.

[0090] It can also be seen that in this embodiment, the second metal via array 322 not only serves as the boundary of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity in terms of structure, but also functions as a signal coupler to the second radiating patch 321. The signal enters from the feed point 3211, exciting the TM01 mode inside the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, and through the coupling window formed by the second metal via array 322, exciting the TM02 mode of the second radiating patch 321, ultimately forming antenna radiation.

[0091] It should be noted that, since the first sub-radiating unit 310 also includes a fan-shaped first radiating patch 311 and a first metal through-hole array 312, the design principles of the first sub-radiating unit 310 and the second sub-radiating unit 320 are the same. Both are composite resonant structures of a fan-shaped radiating patch and a fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity. The working principles of the first sub-radiating unit 310 and the second sub-radiating unit 320 are similar. Therefore, the specific structure of the first sub-radiating unit 310 can be referred to the description of the second sub-radiating unit 320 above.

[0092] The first sub-radiating unit 310 and the second sub-radiating unit 320 operate in different frequency bands. For example, the larger first sub-radiating unit 310 is configured to operate in a low frequency band, such as 1.9 GHz, while the smaller second sub-radiating unit 320 is configured to operate in a high frequency band, such as 2.6 GHz.

[0093] The first sub-radiating unit 310 and the second sub-radiating unit 320 operate in different frequency bands. However, both the first sub-radiating unit 310 and the second sub-radiating unit 320 use fan-shaped radiating patches and metal via arrays to suppress higher-order parasitic resonant modes (such as TM21 mode and TM41 mode), thereby ensuring signal purity within their respective frequency bands. Furthermore, the first clearance hole 3111 on the first radiating patch 311 functions similarly to the positioning principle of the feed point 3211 in the second sub-radiating unit 320, and will not be elaborated further in this embodiment.

[0094] Figure 5 The image shows a simulation of the S-parameters of a dual-band base station antenna as a function of frequency. Figure 6 The image shows a simulation of the gain curve of a dual-band base station antenna as a function of frequency. It can be observed that the center frequency of the high-frequency band is 2.6 GHz, and the center frequency of the low-frequency band is 1.9 GHz. Both bands have two in-band radiating poles, effectively widening the bandwidth. The -10 dB impedance bandwidths are 11.2% and 13.6% (1.76-1.95 GHz, 2.39-2.74 GHz), respectively. The maximum gain in the two operating frequency bands is 5.9 dBi and 5.2 dBi, respectively. Furthermore, the antenna also achieves a stopband bandwidth extending to more than three harmonics, demonstrating excellent inter-frequency isolation performance.

[0095] Figure 7 The image shows the simulated radiation pattern of a dual-band base station antenna in the E-plane at 1.9 GHz. Figure 8 The radiation pattern of a dual-band base station antenna in the H-plane at 1.9 GHz is a simulation result. Figure 9 The image shows the simulated radiation pattern of a dual-band base station antenna in the E-plane at 2.6 GHz. Figure 10 The image shows the simulated H-plane radiation pattern of a dual-band base station antenna at 2.6 GHz. The maximum radiation direction in the E-plane pattern at the two resonant frequencies is approximately θ = 0° and φ = -45°. It can be seen that the maximum radiation direction of the antenna remains consistent across both passbands. In the maximum radiation direction, the cross-polarization of both the E-plane and H-plane antennas is less than -20 dB.

[0096] The dual-band base station antenna proposed in this application can achieve similar radiation beams in two frequency bands, which is beneficial to improving the signal coverage problem of wireless communication systems. In addition, the dual-band base station antenna has a low profile and simple structure, and is highly adaptable to different installation scenarios.

[0097] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0098] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims

1. A dual-band base station antenna, characterized in that, include: A ground plane (100) is provided, on which two dielectric substrates (200) are stacked, and each dielectric substrate (200) is provided with a corresponding radiating unit (300), and the two radiating units (300) have different radiating signal frequency bands. The radiating unit (300) includes a radiating patch and a metal via array disposed on the dielectric substrate (200). The radiating patch is a fan-shaped patch, and the metal via array is arranged around the arc edge of the radiating patch. The metal via array, the ground plane (100), the dielectric substrate (200) and the radiating patch together form a substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity. The substrate-integrated waveguide resonant cavity is configured to, upon external excitation, couple and excite the radiating patch through the metal via array, so that the radiating patch radiates a signal in a preset frequency band.

2. The dual-band base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two dielectric substrates (200) include a first sub-dielectric substrate (210) disposed on the ground plane (100) and a second sub-dielectric substrate (220) disposed on the first sub-dielectric substrate (210). The two radiation units (300) include a first sub-radiation unit (310) disposed on the first sub-dielectric substrate (210) and a second sub-radiation unit (320) disposed on the second sub-dielectric substrate (220). The first sub-radiating unit (310) includes a first radiating patch (311) and a first metal via array (312), and the second sub-radiating unit (320) includes a second radiating patch (321) and a second metal via array (322). The first radiating patch (311), the ground plane (100), the first sub-dielectric substrate (210), and the first metal via array (312) form a first substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, and the second radiating patch (321), the first radiating patch (311), the second sub-dielectric substrate (220), and the second metal via array (322) form a second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity. The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch (311) on the ground plane (100) is greater than the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch (321) on the ground plane (100).

3. The dual-band base station antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A power supply probe (400) passes sequentially through the ground plane (100), the first sub-dielectric substrate (210), and the second sub-dielectric substrate (220). The second radiating patch (321) is provided with a power supply point (3211). The power supply probe (400) excites the second radiating patch (321) through the power supply point (3211).

4. The dual-band base station antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first radiating patch (311) is provided with a first clearance hole (3111) for the feed probe (400) to pass through, and the ground plane (100) is provided with a second clearance hole (110) for the feed probe (400) to pass through. The first clearance hole (3111), the second clearance hole (110) and the power supply probe (400) are arranged coaxially. The power supply probe (400) is also configured to electromagnetically couple the first radiation patch (311) when the second radiation patch (321) is excited.

5. The dual-band base station antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first radiating patch (311) is provided with an annular gap (3112), which surrounds the first clearance hole (3111) and is used to adjust the coupling capacitance of the first sub-radiating unit (310).

6. The dual-band base station antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The feed point (3211) is located at the intersection of the angle bisector (3212) of the second radiating patch (321) and the electric wall position of the TM02 resonant mode of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity; The array direction of the second metal via array (322) is set along the electric wall position of the target resonant mode of the second radiating patch (321), and is configured to suppress at least one non-target resonant mode of the second radiating patch (321).

7. The dual-band base station antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first radiating patch (311) coincides with the vertex of the first substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, and the second radiating patch (321) coincides with the vertex of the second substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity.

8. The dual-band base station antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, The angle between the first radiating patch (311) and the second radiating patch (321) is a right angle or an acute angle.

9. The dual-band base station antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ground plane (100), the first sub-dielectric substrate (210) and the second sub-dielectric substrate (220) are all rectangular plates, and the first radiating patch (311) and the second radiating patch (321) are both right-angled sector patches.

10. The dual-band base station antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The orthographic projections of the two dielectric substrates (200) on the ground plane (100) coincide; the orthographic projection of the dielectric substrate (200) on the ground plane (100) coincides with the outline of the ground plane (100).

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