A novel microstrip patch antenna and its preparation method

Abstract

The present application discloses a novel microstrip patch antenna and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of wireless communication technology. In the structure of the novel microstrip patch antenna, a portion where the first feed line structure does not overlap with the radiation patch extends a plurality of feed branches in the width direction, so as to improve the impedance bandwidth; a portion where the second feed line structure overlaps with the radiation patch extends a circular patch structure in a direction away from the first feed line structure, and is short-circuited to a metal ground layer through a metal short-circuit column, so as to widen the impedance bandwidth; compared with the existing microstrip patch antenna in which the radiation structure is only a metal patch and has only one resonance point, resulting in a very narrow working bandwidth, the circular patch structure is connected to a metal short-circuit column to achieve short-circuiting, thereby adding a resonance frequency point, so as to widen the bandwidth of the antenna, and on this basis, the microstrip patch antenna also has the characteristics of simple structure, low processing cost, and easy integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a novel microstrip patch antenna and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Microstrip patch antennas have been widely used in satellite communications and various mobile devices due to their small size, simple manufacturing process, low cost and easy integration. Figure 1 As shown, it is composed of a dielectric substrate 2 and a dielectric substrate 3, with a feed line 4 arranged between the two. The feeding method of the antenna is to feed the feed line 4 through a metal feed column 5, and then couple to the radiation patch 7. This radiation structure only includes a metal radiation patch 7 and has a single resonance point, resulting in a very limited working bandwidth; in addition, as described in the invention patent with patent announcement number CN112290207A, a wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication is proposed. The antenna can achieve two-dimensional scanning in the range of ±60°, with a standing wave ratio of less than 2, but its coverage bandwidth is only 27-29GHz (7.1%).

[0003] As shown in the above examples, although the traditional microstrip patch antenna has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, and easy processing, its narrow bandwidth limitation is not conducive to certain specific military detection applications. In view of these defects of the existing microstrip patch antenna, this application proposes a new type of microstrip patch antenna, which not only has wide bandwidth characteristics, but also has a simple structure and is easy to process. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a novel microstrip patch antenna and a preparation method thereof, which improves the defects of the traditional microstrip patch antenna and has the advantages of wide bandwidth and simple structure and easy processing.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a novel microstrip patch antenna, comprising: a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate stacked in sequence on a metal ground layer, a feed line is provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the feed line is connected to the feed port on the metal ground layer through a metal feed column, a radiation patch is provided on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, the radiation patch and the feed line partially overlap in the vertical direction, so as to realize coupled feeding and generate radiation by the radiation patch, the feed line comprises a first feed line structure and a second feed line structure, the second feed line structure is narrower than the first feed line structure, a portion of the first feed line structure that does not overlap with the radiation patch extends with a plurality of feed branches along the width direction, a portion of the second feed line structure that overlaps with the radiation patch extends with a circular patch structure in a direction away from the first feed line structure, and the circular patch structure is short-circuited to the metal ground layer through a metal short-circuit column to achieve widening of the impedance bandwidth.

[0007] Optionally, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are made of the same material; and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate is smaller than the thickness of the first dielectric substrate.

[0008] Optionally, the number of the feeding branches is four, and the four feeding branches are symmetrical about the center of the first feeding line structure.

[0009] Optionally, the size of any feeding branch is 1.73 mm×0.33 mm, and the interval between two feeding branches located on the same side of the first feeding line structure is 2 mm.

[0010] Optionally, the radiation patch is a square patch, and is placed at the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate.

[0011] Optionally, the size of the radiation patch is 6 mm×6 mm.

[0012] Optionally, the area covered by the radiation patch on the second dielectric substrate forms a square area, and the area where the circular patch structure is connected to the metal short-circuit column forms a circular area; the circular area is located 2 mm inside the side edge of the square area close to the first feeder line structure, and the diameter of the metal short-circuit column is 0.67 mm.

[0013] Optionally, the length of the first feed line structure is 3.75 mm, and the length of the second feed line structure is 1.34 mm.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a novel microstrip patch antenna, which is used to prepare the novel microstrip patch antenna as described above, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0015] A plurality of feeding branches are extended along the width direction from the portion of the first feeding line structure that does not overlap with the radiation patch.

[0016] A circular patch structure is extended from the portion where the second feed line structure overlaps with the radiation patch in a direction away from the first feed line structure.

[0017] The circular patch structure is short-circuited to the metal ground layer through a metal short-circuit column to achieve widening of the impedance bandwidth.

[0018] Optionally, the preparation method further comprises the following steps:

[0019] The antenna model performance is simulated using full-wave simulation software to adjust the size of the radiation patch, the size and position of each feeding branch, the position and size of the metal short-circuit column, and the size of the first feed line structure and the second feed line structure.

[0020] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application discloses the following technical effects:

[0021] The present application provides a novel microstrip patch antenna and a preparation method thereof. In the structure of the novel microstrip patch antenna, a portion of the first feed line structure that does not overlap with the radiation patch has a plurality of feed branches extending in the width direction to improve the impedance bandwidth. A portion of the second feed line structure that overlaps with the radiation patch has a circular patch structure extending in a direction away from the first feed line structure. The circular patch structure is connected to a metal ground layer via a metal short-circuit post to widen the impedance bandwidth. Compared with the existing microstrip patch antenna in which the radiation structure is only a metal patch and has only one resonance point, resulting in a very narrow working bandwidth, a circular patch structure is formed to connect a metal short-circuit post to achieve short-circuiting, thereby adding a resonance frequency point to widen the bandwidth of the antenna. On this basis, the microstrip patch antenna also has the characteristics of simple structure, low processing cost, and easy integration, which can well meet certain specific military detection applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a traditional microstrip patch antenna.

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a novel microstrip patch antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 A top view of a novel microstrip patch antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a curve of the H-plane scanning standing wave ratio of a novel microstrip patch antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application at the master-slave period boundary.

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a curve of the E-plane scanning standing wave ratio of a novel microstrip patch antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application at the master-slave period boundary.

[0028] Figure 6 A flow chart of a method for preparing a novel microstrip patch antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Metal ground layer; 2. First dielectric substrate; 3. Second dielectric substrate; 4. Feeder; 4-1. First feeder structure; 4-2. Second feeder structure; 5. Metal feeder post; 6. Feeder port; 7. Radiating patch; 8. Feeder branch; 9. Circular patch structure; 10. Metal short-circuit post. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0033] Radar is one of the important means to obtain all-weather and all-day strategic and tactical intelligence on land, sea, air and space battlefields. It is the primary visual sensor for air defense, sea defense, land defense and command automation systems. Therefore, as an important component of radar, the design of the antenna becomes particularly important. The traditional phased array antenna has a narrow operating frequency band and a narrow detection airspace range, which does not meet the requirements of the current advanced combat platforms. The development of a new, simple antenna unit with broadband and wide-angle scanning performance is of great significance to enhance radar performance.

[0034] Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in satellite communications and various mobile devices due to their small size, simple manufacturing process, low cost, and easy integration. Figure 1As shown, it includes a first dielectric substrate 2 and a second dielectric substrate 3 stacked in sequence on a metal ground layer 1, a feed line 4 is provided between the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 3, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line structure 4-1 and a second feed line structure 4-2, the second feed line structure 4-2 is narrower than the first feed line structure 4-1, the feed line 4 is connected to a feed port 6 on the metal ground layer 1 through a metal feed column 5, a radiation patch 7 is provided on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 3, the radiation patch 7 and the feed line 4 partially overlap in the vertical direction, coupling feeding is realized and radiation is generated by the radiation patch 7, the radiation structure in this antenna only includes the radiation patch 7, and has only a single resonance point, resulting in a very limited working bandwidth.

[0035] In view of the defects of the existing microstrip patch antenna structure, in an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as Figure 2 As shown, a novel microstrip patch antenna is provided, in which a plurality of feed branches 8 extend along the width direction of the portion where the first feed line structure 4-1 does not overlap with the radiation patch 7, and a circular patch structure 9 extends in a direction away from the first feed line structure 4-1 at the portion where the second feed line structure 4-2 overlaps with the radiation patch 7, and the circular patch structure 9 is connected to the metal ground layer 1 through a metal short-circuit column 10 to achieve widening of the impedance bandwidth. At this time, the radiation structure of the antenna is no longer just the radiation patch 7, and the feed line 4 also participates in the radiation.

[0036] The above-mentioned embodiment scheme of the present application improves the impedance bandwidth by adding branches to the feed line 4, and adds a resonant frequency point by loading a metal short-circuit column 10 at the front end of the feed line 4 to short-circuit it to the metal ground layer 1, thereby widening the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 3 are made of the same material; the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 3 is less than the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 2. In a further limitation, the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 3 are both made of Rogers RT5880 (tm) dielectric, the relative dielectric constant of which is 2.2, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 2 is 2.656 mm, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 3 is 0.424 mm.

[0038] Specifically in one embodiment of the present application, the number of the feeding branches 8 is four, the four feeding branches 8 are consistent in size and shape, and the four feeding branches 8 are symmetrical about the center of the first feeding line structure 4 - 1 .

[0039] In further improvements, in order to achieve wide-angle scanning performance, full-wave simulation software is used to simulate and optimize the performance of the antenna model; that is, by further adjusting the size of the radiation patch 7, the position and size of the feeding branch 8, the position of the metal short-circuit column 10 and the length and width of the feed line 4, the performance of the antenna is further improved.

[0040] Specifically, after structural optimization, in the antenna, the size of any feeding branch 8 is 1.73 mm × 0.33 mm, and the interval between two feeding branches 8 located on the same side of the first feeding line structure 4-1 is 2 mm; the radiation patch 7 is a square patch, which is placed at the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 3; the size of the radiation patch 7 is 6 mm × 6 mm; Figure 3 As shown, the area covered by the radiation patch 7 on the second dielectric substrate 3 forms a square area, and the area where the circular patch structure 9 is connected to the metal short-circuit column 10 forms a circular area; the circular area is located 2mm inside the side edge of the square area close to the first feeder line structure 4-1, and the diameter of the metal short-circuit column 10 is 0.67mm; the length of the first feeder line structure 4-1 is 3.75mm, and the length of the second feeder line structure 4-2 is 1.34mm.

[0041] Based on the above parameters, the antenna is simulated under the master-slave periodic boundary conditions. Figure 4 Scanning standing wave ratio of the new microstrip patch antenna on the H plane, Figure 5 For the standing wave ratio of the novel microstrip patch antenna scanned on the E-plane, the antenna proposed in the present application satisfies Active VSWR≤2 in the frequency band 8.47-10.47GHz (21.1%) when scanning ±45 degrees on the H-plane; satisfies Active VSWR≤3 in the frequency band 8-10.66GHz (28.5%) when scanning ±60 degrees on the H-plane; satisfies Active VSWR≤2 in the frequency band 8.47-10.88GHz (24.9%) when scanning ±30 degrees on the E-plane; and satisfies Active VSWR≤2 in the frequency band 8-9.39GHz when scanning to ±45 degrees on the E-plane.

[0042] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing a novel microstrip patch antenna, which is used to prepare the novel microstrip patch antenna as described above. Figure 6 The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Extend a plurality of feeding branches along the width direction from the portion of the first feeding line structure that does not overlap with the radiation patch.

[0044] S2. A circular patch structure is extended from the portion where the second feed line structure overlaps with the radiation patch in a direction away from the first feed line structure.

[0045] S3. Short-circuit the circular patch structure to the metal ground layer through a metal short-circuit column to achieve widening of the impedance bandwidth.

[0046] In a further improved embodiment, in order to achieve wide-angle scanning performance, the preparation method further includes the following steps:

[0047] S4. Use full-wave simulation software to simulate the performance of the antenna model, adjust the size of the radiation patch, the size and position of each feeding branch, the position and size of the metal short-circuit column, and the size of the first feed line structure and the second feed line structure.

[0048] The solution to the problem provided by the preparation method is similar to the solution recorded in the above-mentioned novel microstrip patch antenna. Therefore, the specific limitations in one or more preparation method embodiments provided below can refer to the above limitations on the novel microstrip patch antenna and will not be repeated here.

[0049] The novel microstrip patch antenna and its preparation method provided in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application have made targeted improvements to the shortcomings of the narrow bandwidth of the traditional microstrip patch antenna. The feeding structure of the traditional microstrip patch antenna only has a feed line 4, that is, only one current path, and the radiation structure only has a radiation patch 7, which makes it difficult to have a wider working bandwidth; in the above-mentioned novel microstrip patch antenna proposed in the present application, a novel feeding structure is adopted, by introducing a feeding branch 8, and loading a short-circuit column at the front end of the feed line 4 to increase the current path, and introducing a new resonance mode; in addition to the radiation patch 7, the radiation structure also has a feed line 4 to participate in the radiation. By introducing a novel feeding structure, the bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna is effectively broadened. The scanning range of ±60° on the H plane can be achieved in the frequency band of 8.47GHz-10.47GHz, and the active standing wave ratio is less than or equal to 3; the scanning range of ±60° on the E plane can be achieved in the frequency band of 8.47GHz-9.39GHz, and the active standing wave ratio is less than or equal to 3. It has excellent performance of broadband and wide-angle scanning, and has the advantages of simple structure, low profile and easy processing.

[0050] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0051] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. A novel microstrip patch antenna, comprising: A first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate are sequentially stacked on a metal ground layer, a feed line is provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the feed line is connected to a feed port on the metal ground layer through a metal feed column, a radiation patch is provided on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate, the radiation patch and the feed line partially overlap in a vertical direction, coupling feeding is achieved and radiation is generated by the radiation patch, characterized in that the feed line comprises a first feed line structure and a second feed line structure, the second feed line structure is narrower than the first feed line structure, a portion of the first feed line structure that does not overlap with the radiation patch extends with a plurality of feed branches along the width direction, a portion of the second feed line structure that overlaps with the radiation patch extends with a circular patch structure in a direction away from the first feed line structure, the circular patch structure is short-circuited to the metal ground layer through a metal short-circuit column, so as to achieve widening of the impedance bandwidth.

2. The novel microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are made of the same material; the thickness of the second dielectric substrate is smaller than the thickness of the first dielectric substrate.

3. The novel microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of the feeding branches is four, and the four feeding branches are symmetrical about the center of the first feeding line structure.

4. The novel microstrip patch antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The size of any one of the feeding branches is 1.73 mm×0.33 mm, and the interval between two of the feeding branches located on the same side of the first feeding line structure is 2 mm.

5. The novel microstrip patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation patch is a square patch and is placed at the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate.

6. The novel microstrip patch antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The size of the radiation patch is 6 mm×6 mm.

7. The novel microstrip patch antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The area covered by the radiation patch on the second dielectric substrate forms a square area, and the area where the circular patch structure is connected to the metal short-circuit column forms a circular area; the circular area is located 2mm inside the side edge of the square area close to the first feeder line structure, and the diameter of the metal short-circuit column is 0.67mm.

8. The novel microstrip patch antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The length of the first feed line structure is 3.75 mm, and the length of the second feed line structure is 1.34 mm.

9. A novel method for preparing a microstrip patch antenna, characterized in that: Used to prepare the novel microstrip patch antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the preparation method comprising: A plurality of feeding branches are extended along the width direction from the portion of the first feeding line structure that does not overlap with the radiation patch; A circular patch structure is extended from the portion where the second feed line structure overlaps with the radiation patch in a direction away from the first feed line structure; The circular patch structure is short-circuited to the metal ground layer through a metal short-circuit column to achieve widening of impedance bandwidth.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation method further comprises: The antenna model performance is simulated using full-wave simulation software to adjust the size of the radiation patch, the size and position of each feeding branch, the position and size of the metal short-circuit column, and the size of the first feed line structure and the second feed line structure.

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