Beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a message indicating a set of reference signal resources, the set of reference signal resources including a set of reference signal resources associated with a time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme and a set of spatial pre-decoders. A network entity may determine the SRI using a codebook or an artificial intelligence (AI) model. The UE may transmit reference signals using the reference signal resources and according to the TDM scheme and using the spatial pre-decoder. The UE may receive a message including a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRI), the sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRI) indicating at least two reference signal resources, which may correspond to the set of beams predicted by the network entity. The SRI may include a linear combination of the reference signal resources. The UE may transmit an uplink message using an uplink transmit beam based on the set of beams.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following relates to wireless communications, and more particularly to beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, and the like. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communications for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE). Summary of the invention

[0003] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices and apparatuses for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection. In some examples, a user equipment (UE) may receive a configuration message from a network entity, which configures a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource set, which may correspond to a set of reference signal beams. The network entity may use a codebook or an artificial intelligence (AI) model to define an SRS resource set, which may be a portion of the total SRS resources available to the UE. The UE may use the SRS resources indicated in the SRS resource set and send multiple reference signals according to a time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme and a set of time-varying spatial precoders. In some examples, the UE may receive an SRS resource indicator (SRI) from the network entity, which indicates two or more SRS resources from the SRS resource set. The SRI may indicate a linear combination of two or more SRS resources from the SRS resource set, wherein the two or more SRS resources may be from one or more previous SRS transmission opportunities or one or more recent SRS transmission opportunities. The UE may send an uplink transmission to a network entity using an uplink beam determined based on one or more SRS resources indicated in the SRI (eg, based on a linear combination).

[0004] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: receiving a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; transmitting a set of multiple reference signals using the set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources; and transmitting a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0005] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, the instructions being executable by the at least one processor to cause the UE to: receive a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; transmit a set of multiple reference signals using the set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; receive a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources; and transmit a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0006] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: a component for receiving a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; a component for transmitting a set of multiple reference signals using the set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; a component for receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources; and a component for transmitting a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication by a UE is described. The code may include instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to: receive a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; send a set of multiple reference signals using the set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; receive a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources; and send a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0008] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource of two or more reference signal resources in a set of multiple reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource; and sending a second uplink message using a second uplink transmit beam based on a second beam set corresponding to at least one reference signal resource of the two or more reference signal resources and the third reference signal resource.

[0009] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a set of multiple reference signals may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme and a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders associated with the set of multiple reference signal resources.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders may be different for different transmission occasions of a set of multiple reference signals, and the set of multiple reference signals may be transmitted periodically or semi-persistently.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a first message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a first message indicating a codebook identifying a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders associated with a set of multiple reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the codebook may be time-varying based on an indication from a network entity or a UE.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a first message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a first message indicating an output of a machine learning model that identifies a set of multiple time-varying spatial pre-decoders associated with a set of multiple reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the machine learning model may be time-varying based on indications from a network entity or a UE.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a second message that includes a reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of two or more reference signal resources in a set of multiple reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources may be associated with one or more transmission opportunities.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first uplink message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending the first uplink message based on a spatial precoder associated with a linear combination of two or more reference signal resources.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first uplink message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending the first uplink message based on a spatial precoder output by a machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model uses at least a reference signal resource indicator as an input.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a second message that includes a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources and includes a rank of the reference signal resource indicator.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first uplink message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending the first uplink message based on a spatial precoder associated with a rank of a reference signal resource indicator, wherein the spatial precoder may be used with different reference signal ports.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a first message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a first message indicating a usage type associated with a set of reference signal resources comprising a set of multiple reference signal resources.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for the following actions: receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator, wherein the second message configures an uplink transmit configuration indicator state for the UE.

[0022] A method for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The method may include: sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; receiving a set of multiple reference signals using the set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources; and receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0023] An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, the instructions being executable by the at least one processor to cause the network entity to: send a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; receive a set of multiple reference signals using the set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; send a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources; and receive a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0024] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The apparatus may include: a component for sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; a component for receiving a set of multiple reference signals using the set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; a component for sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources; and a component for receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0025] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The code may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor to: send a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; receive a set of multiple reference signals using the set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; send a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources; and receive a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0026] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending a third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource of two or more reference signal resources in a set of multiple reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource; and receiving a second uplink message using a second uplink transmit beam based on a second beam set corresponding to at least one reference signal resource of the two or more reference signal resources and the third reference signal resource.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving a set of multiple reference signals may include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme and a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders associated with the set of multiple reference signal resources.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders may be different for different transmission occasions of a set of multiple reference signals, where the set of multiple reference signals may be transmitted periodically or semi-persistently.

[0029] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a first message indicating a codebook identifying a set of multiple time-varying spatial pre-decoders associated with a set of multiple reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the codebook may be time-varying based on an indication from a network entity or a UE.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a first message indicating an output of a machine learning model that identifies a set of multiple time-varying spatial pre-decoders associated with a set of multiple reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources.

[0032] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the machine learning model may be time-varying based on indications from a network entity or a UE.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of two or more reference signal resources in a set of multiple reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources may be associated with one or more transmission opportunities.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a second message that includes a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources and includes a rank of the reference signal resource indicator.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a first message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a first message indicating a usage type associated with a set of reference signal resources comprising a set of multiple reference signal resources.

[0036] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending a second message may include operations, features, components, or instructions for the following actions: sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator, wherein the second message configures an uplink transmit configuration indicator state for the UE. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0038] Figure 2 An example of a process flow for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0039] Figure 3 An example of a beam scanning timeline of a user equipment (UE) supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0040] Figure 4 An example of a process flow for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0041] Figure 5 An example of a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRI) mapping scheme that supports beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0042] Figure 6 An example of a process flow for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0043] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram of a device supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0044] Fig. 9 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0045] Fig.10 A diagram of a system including a device supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0046] Fig.11 and Fig.12A block diagram of a device supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0047] Fig.13 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0048] Fig.14 A diagram of a system including a device supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0049] Figures 15 to 21 A flowchart illustrating a method of supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In some examples, a user equipment (UE) may use beam scanning to determine receive beams and transmit beams that can be used for communication between a network entity and the UE. For example, the UE may perform beam scanning on a beam set by sending one or more reference signals using the beam set, and the network entity and the UE may use the beam set to determine which transmit beam (or linear combination of beams) to use for uplink transmission from the UE to the network entity. The selected transmit beam may correspond to a reference signal received power (RSRP) that satisfies a threshold or other channel metrics associated with the beam set. In some cases, the network entity may use a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRI), which may indicate one or more SRS resources corresponding to one or more beams that the UE may use to communicate uplink transmissions with the network entity. However, beam scanning across a beam set may be power and resource intensive for the UE, which may increase as the number of beams included in the beam set increases. In addition, the SRI sent by the network entity to the UE may be designed to support only indications of a single beam based on the most recent measurement obtained by the network entity, which may limit flexibility.

[0051] The technology described herein supports beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection. In some examples, the UE may receive a configuration message from a network entity, which configures an SRS resource set corresponding to a set of reference signal beams or uplink transmission beams for the UE. The network entity may use a codebook or an output of an artificial intelligence (AI) model to indicate an SRS resource set, which may include a portion of the total SRS resources available to the UE. The UE may use the SRS resources indicated in the SRS resource set and use a set of time-varying spatial pre-decoders to send one or more reference signals according to a time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme. In some examples, the UE may receive an SRI from a network entity, which may indicate two or more SRS resources from an SRS resource set. For example, the SRI may indicate a linear combination of two or more SRS resources from an SRS resource set. In some cases, two or more SRS resources may include one or more previous SRS transmission opportunities, or one or more recent SRS transmission opportunities, or both SRS resources. The UE may use an uplink beam determined based on one or more SRS resources indicated in the SRI to send an uplink transmission to the network entity. That is, the network entity, the UE, or both may use beam prediction techniques to determine an uplink beam to be used by the UE to send uplink messages to the network entity.

[0052] Various aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential improvements, among others. The techniques employed by the described network devices (e.g., UEs, network entities) may enable the UE to send reference signals to the network entity using one or more reference signal resources indicated by the network entity by reducing overhead, which may improve the efficiency of the transmission. In addition, the described techniques may enable the network entity to send an SRI indicating two or more reference signal resources that the UE may use to send an uplink message, and the SRI may be determined based on a codebook or an AI model. Using a codebook or an AI model may reduce overhead and power consumption at the UE, and improve communication between the UE and the network entity, among other benefits.

[0053] Various aspects of the disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Various aspects of the disclosure are then described in the context of a process flow. Various aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated and described by and with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow diagrams related to beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection.

[0054] Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0055] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100, and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UE 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may support signal communications according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0056] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as Figure 1 Other UEs 115 or network entities 105 are shown.

[0057] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0058] In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or communicate with each other, or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3 or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn or other interface protocols) directly (e.g., directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130). In some examples, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to the midhaul interface protocol) or the fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to the fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link 120, the midhaul communication link 162, or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc. or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0059] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0060] In some examples, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0061] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities, depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between CU 160 and DU 165 such that CU 160 may support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 may support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 may host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170, such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between CU 160 and DU 165 or between DU 165 and RU 170 can be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by different ones of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on interfaces (eg, channels) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that communicate via those communication links.

[0062] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be controlled in part by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a coupled IAB donor's DU 165. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0063] In the case where the techniques described herein are applied to the context of a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture may be configured to support beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0064] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, a client, or the like. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a multimedia / entertainment device (e.g., a radio, an MP3 player, or a video device), a camera, a gaming device, a navigation / positioning device (e.g., a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) device based on, for example, GPS (Global Positioning System), BeiDou system, GLONASS or Galileo system, ground-based equipment, etc.), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a smartbook, a personal computer, a smart device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, virtual reality goggles, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet)), a drone, a robot / robotic device, a vehicle, a vehicle's equipment, a meter (e.g., a parking meter, an electricity meter, a gas meter, a water meter), a monitor, a gas pump, an appliance (e.g., a kitchen appliance, a washing machine, a dryer), a location tag, a medical / health care device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. In some examples, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, and the like.

[0065] Some UEs 115 (such as MTC or IoT devices) may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a network entity 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay the information to a central server or application, which may utilize the information or present the information to a person interacting with the program or application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines. Application examples of MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based service charging. In one aspect, the technology disclosed herein may be applicable to MTC or IoT UEs. MTC or IoT UE may include MTC / enhanced MTC (eMTC, also known as CAT-M, Cat M1) UE, NB-IoT (also known as CAT NB1) UE, and other types of UE. eMTC and NB-IoT may refer to future technologies that may evolve from or be based on these technologies. For example, eMTC may include FeMTC (further eMTC), eFeMTC (further enhanced eMTC), mMTC (massive MTC), and NB-IoT may include eNB-IoT (enhanced NB-IoT) and FeNB-IoT (further enhanced NB-IoT).

[0066] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These systems can be multiple access systems that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). A wireless network (e.g., a wireless local area network (WLAN), such as a Wi-Fi (e.g., an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11) network) may include an access point (AP) that can communicate with one or more wireless or mobile devices. The AP may be coupled to a network such as the Internet and may enable mobile devices to communicate via the network (or to communicate with other devices coupled to the access point). A wireless device may communicate bidirectionally with a network device. For example, in a WLAN, a device may communicate with an associated AP via a downlink (e.g., a communication link from an AP to a device) and an uplink (e.g., a communication link from a device to an AP). A wireless personal area network (PAN) (which may include a Bluetooth connection) may provide a short-range wireless connection between two or more paired wireless devices. For example, a wireless device (such as a cellular phone) may utilize wireless PAN communication to exchange information such as audio signals with a wireless head-mounted device. Components within a wireless communication system may be coupled (eg, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, functionally coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled) to each other.

[0067] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices such as other UEs 115 which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 shown.

[0068] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a collection of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send," "receive," or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0069] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system using MCM technology, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high order modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0070] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s=1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0071] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, a time slot may be further divided into a plurality of mini-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0072] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmit time interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0073] Carrier multiplexing physical channels may be used for communication according to various techniques. Signaling may be performed via downlink carrier multiplexing physical control channels and physical data channels, for example, using one or more of a TDM technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of that system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 may monitor or search a control region to obtain control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0074] In some examples, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) may be mobile and thus provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0075] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication, and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video, or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0076] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communication directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communication may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, the network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105 .

[0077] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be delivered through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the IP service 150 of one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0078] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelength ranges from about one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide services to UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) than communications using lower frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0079] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration combined with component carriers operating using licensed bands (e.g., LAA). Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among others.

[0080] The network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0081] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals conveyed via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0082] The network entity 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning techniques as part of a beamforming operation. For example, the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be sent multiple times by the network entity 105 along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may send signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as network entity 105), or by a receiving device (such as UE 115)) beam directions for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0083] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be sent by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a receiving device (such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115)). In some examples, the beam direction associated with the transmission along the single beam direction may be determined based on signals sent along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals sent by network entity 105 along different directions, and may report to network entity 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0084] In some examples, transmission by a device (e.g., by network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Network entity 105 may send a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may or may not be precoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel codebook, a linear combination codebook, a port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals sent along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), UE 115 may use similar techniques to send signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115), or to send signals along a single direction (e.g., to send data to a receiving device).

[0085] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform receiving operations according to multiple receiving configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple receiving directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing the received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different receiving beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or processing the received signals according to different receiving beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receiving configurations or receiving directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). A single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0086] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. The RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. The MAC layer may perform priority processing and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmission to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC layer may provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection that supports a radio bearer for user plane data between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 or the core network 130. The PHY layer may map a transport channel to a physical channel.

[0087] The network entity 105 may use beam scanning to determine an uplink transmit beam for the UE 115. In some examples, the network entity 105 may perform beam scanning across multiple SRS resources associated with the UE 115 (e.g., across each SRS resource in a set of SRS resources). For example, for one receive antenna panel of the network entity 105 with 32 receive beams and two polarizations (e.g., 64 receive beams) and two transmit antenna panels of the UE 115 with four receive beams per panel and two polarizations (e.g., 16 transmit beams) (e.g., non-simultaneously), there may be 1024 beam pairs (e.g., 64 receive beams times 16 transmit beams) that may be tested using SRS-based beam scanning. Due to the large number of beam pairs, beam scanning across all beam pairs may be power intensive and consume overhead resources, including time and frequency, at the UE 115. In some examples, the network entity 105 may indicate the SRI to the UE 115 before scheduling a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The network entity 105 may send the SRI in an uplink grant, such as within downlink control information (DCI). The SRI may indicate one or more SRS resources corresponding to one or more transmit beams that the UE 115 may use to send a PUSCH to the network entity 105. However, using beam scanning of the SRS in this manner may increase power consumption and overhead at the UE 115 as the number of transmit beams at the UE increases and the number of receive beams at the network entity increases.

[0088] The wireless communication system 100 supports beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection. In some examples, the UE 115 may receive a configuration message from the network entity 105, which configures a set of SRS resources corresponding to a set of reference signal beams (e.g., uplink transmit beams for the UE 115). The network entity 105 may use a codebook or an AI model to indicate the set of SRS resources, and the set of SRS resources indicated by the network entity 105 may be a portion of the total SRS resources available to the UE 115. The UE 115 may use the SRS resources indicated in the set of SRS resources according to the TDM scheme and use a set of time-varying spatial precoders to transmit one or more reference signals (e.g., SRS), wherein a given spatial precoder corresponds to a corresponding uplink transmit beam for the UE 115. In some examples, the UE 115 may receive an SRI from the network entity 105, and the SRI may indicate two or more SRS resources from the set of SRS resources. For example, the SRI may indicate a linear combination of two or more SRS resources from the set of SRS resources. In some cases, the two or more SRS resources may include SRS resources of one or more recent SRS transmission opportunities, one or more previous SRS transmission opportunities, or both. UE 115 may use an uplink beam determined based on the one or more SRS resources indicated in the SRI to send an uplink transmission to network entity 105. That is, network entity 105, UE 115, or both may use beam prediction techniques to determine an uplink beam used by UE 115 to send an uplink message to the network entity.

[0089] Figure 2 An example of a process flow 200 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the process flow 200 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, or can be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the process flow 200 can include a UE 115-a and a network entity 105-a, which can be examples of corresponding devices described herein. In some examples, the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a can use time domain beam scanning to improve beam scanning efficiency, reduce system overhead, and reduce power consumption in the wireless communication system, among other benefits.

[0090] The process flow 200 may support communication between a network entity 105-a and a UE 115-a. For example, the network entity 105-a may communicate signals (e.g., uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions) with the UE 115-a over respective communication links. In some examples, the UE 115-a may support a number of SRS resources 205, which may be associated with a transmit beam or a receive beam. Some of the SRS resources 205 may be included in an SRS resource set 210.

[0091] To support beam prediction based on SRS resource selection by the network entity 105-a, the network entity 105-a may send a message 215 indicating an SRS resource set 210 to the UE 115-a, wherein the SRS resource set 210 may include a set of SRS resources 205 corresponding to one or more transmit beams of the UE 115-a and may be associated with a TDM scheme. For example, the SRS resource set 210 may include an SRS resource 205-a corresponding to a first transmit beam and an SRS resource 205-b corresponding to a second transmit beam, wherein the SRS resource 205-a and the SRS resource 205-b are TDM (e.g., non-overlapping in time). In some examples, the SRS resources 205-a and SRS resources 205-b included in the SRS resource set 210 may be associated with a set of time-varying spatial precoders such that corresponding spatial precoders in the set of time-varying spatial precoders correspond to corresponding transmit beams of the UE 115-a. In some cases, the network entity 105-a may indicate via message 215 whether the SRS resources 205 are periodic, or if the SRS resources 205 are semi-persistent or non-periodic, the network entity 105-a may activate or schedule the SRS resource set 210 for the UE 115-a via message 215.

[0092] The network entity 105-a may use the codebook 220 or the output of the AI ​​model 225 to define the SRS resource set 210. For example, the network entity 105-a may send a message 215 to the UE 115-a, wherein the message 215 may indicate the codebook 220 identifying a set of time-varying spatial precoders corresponding to the corresponding transmit beams of the UE 115-a. That is, the codebook 220 may specify a set of time-varying spatial precoders (e.g., spatial precoding coefficients) associated with the corresponding SRS resources 205 during a specific SRS transmission opportunity. In some examples, the network entity 105-a may pre-configure or dynamically update the SRS resource set 210 defined by the codebook 220. Alternatively, the codebook-based SRS resource set 210 may be reported by the UE 115-a. For example, the UE 115-a may report the codebook 220 back to the network entity 105-a, wherein the codebook 220 may specify which time-varying spatial precoders may be used for corresponding transmit beams of the UE 115-a. In addition, the time-varying spatial precoders associated with the SRS resources 205 in the SRS resource set 210 defined based on the codebook 220 may be associated with different phase shifters of the UE 115-a or different beams of the UE 115-a.

[0093] Alternatively, the network entity 105-a may use an AI model 225 to define the SRS resource set 210. The AI ​​model 225 may be a machine learning model or an analytical model. The network entity 105-a may send a message 215 to the UE 115-a, wherein the message 215 may indicate the output of the AI ​​model 225 that identifies a set of time-varying spatial precoders corresponding to the corresponding transmit beams of the UE 115-a. In some examples, the input to the AI ​​model 225 may include a CSI-RS frequency modulation configured as an associatedCSI-RS parameter for an SRS resource set 210 (e.g., SRS-ResourceSet) defined by the AI ​​model, a channel estimated from the CSI-RS, or both. That is, the UE 115-a may receive a downlink reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS), and the UE 115-a may use some spatial filters to match the transmission of the received downlink reference signal as closely as possible.

[0094] Additionally or alternatively, the input to the AI ​​model 225 may include one or more parameters configured or indicated by the network entity 105-a, such as one or more bits derived from a channel estimated from a previously received SRS, a recently received SRS, or both. The output of the AI ​​model 225 may specify a set of time-varying spatial precoders (e.g., spatial precoding coefficients) associated with the SRS resource 205 during a particular SRS transmission opportunity. In some examples, the network entity 105-a may preconfigure or dynamically update the SRS resource set 210 defined by the AI ​​model 225. For example, the network entity 105-a may configure the AI ​​model 225 using input provided by the network entity 105-a, the UE 115-a, or both, and the AI ​​model 225 may output various time-varying spatial precoders that may be used for a given SRS resource 205. Alternatively, the SRS resource set 210 based on the AI ​​model may be reported by the UE 115-a. In addition, the time-varying spatial precoder associated with the SRS resource 205 of the SRS resource set 210 defined based on the AI ​​model 225 can be associated with different phase shifters or different beams (e.g., transmit beam, uplink beam) of the UE 115-a.

[0095] In some examples, the codebook 220, the AI ​​model 225, or both may be time-varying based on an indication from the network entity 105-a or the UE 115-a. For example, for periodic and semi-persistent SRS transmissions, the time-varying spatial precoder used for the same SRS resource 305 at different SRS transmission occasions may be different. For the codebook 220, different time-varying spatial precoders used at different SRS transmission occasions may be defined based on the SRS resource 205 defined in the codebook 220 for a particular SRS transmission occasion. For example, SRS resources #0, #1, and #2 transmitted during SRS transmission timing #0 may use spatial precoders #0, #1, and #2 defined in codebook 220, SRS resources #0, #1, and #2 transmitted during SRS transmission timing #1 may use spatial precoders #3, #4, and #5 defined in codebook 220, SRS resources #0, #1, and #2 transmitted during SRS transmission timing #0 may use spatial precoders #0, #2, and #4 defined in codebook 220, and SRS resources #0, #1, and #2 transmitted during SRS transmission timing #1 may use spatial precoders #1, #3, and #5 defined in codebook 220. For the AI ​​model 225, different time-varying spatial precoders used at different SRS transmission timings may be determined by one or more inputs to the AI ​​model 225, because the AI ​​model 225 may output different time-varying spatial precoders associated with different SRS transmission timings.

[0096] In some cases, the network entity 105-a may configure the codebook 220 and the AI ​​model 225 to be time-varying to avoid interference. That is, the codebook 220, the AI ​​model 225, one or more inputs to the AI ​​model 225, or any combination thereof may be time-varying to avoid inter-cell interference and inter-UE interference in dynamic TDD or full-duplex operation. For example, the network entity 105-a may use a first codebook, a first AI model, a first input to the first AI model, or any combination thereof for the SRS resource set 210 in the first SRS transmission opportunity, and a second codebook, a second AI model, a second input to the second AI model, or any combination thereof for the SRS resource set 210 in the second SRS transmission opportunity. In some cases, the first codebook and the second codebook may specify different phase shifts, the first AI model and the second AI model may specify different neuron coefficients (e.g., used in the neural networks of the first AI model and the second AI model), the first input and the second input may include different filters on one or more CSI-RS associated with the SRS resource set 210, or any combination thereof.

[0097] In some examples, the network entity 105-a may RRC configure or dynamically indicate the time-varying behavior of the codebook 220, the AI ​​model 225, the input to the AI ​​model 225, or any combination thereof via a MAC control element (MAC-CE) or a DCI. The network entity 105-a may send the dynamic indication via the MAC-CE or the DCI based on re-triggering (e.g., reactivating) the SRS transmission with updated parameters. Alternatively, the UE 115-a may report the time-varying behavior of the codebook 220, the AI ​​model 225, the input to the AI ​​model 225, or any combination thereof. For example, the UE 115-a may use MAC-CE or uplink control information (UCI) to report the most recently used spatial precoder, which may be different from the spatial precoder based on the codebook 220 or the AI ​​model 225 as configured by the network entity 105-a. In some examples, where UE 115-a may be more familiar with interference scenarios in the wireless communication system, UE 115-a may report time-varying behavior, and thus network entity 105-a may more effectively facilitate beam prediction if the time-varying behavior is known.

[0098] During the first SRS transmission opportunity, UE 115-a may use SRS resources 205 (e.g., SRS resource 205-a and SRS resource 205-b) in SRS resource set 210 according to a TDM scheme to send a set of reference signals 230 to network entity 105-a. In some examples, in addition to the TDM scheme, UE 115-a may also send the set of reference signals 230 according to a set of time-varying spatial precoders associated with SRS resources 205. Alternatively, if the set of time-varying spatial precoders is different for different SRS transmission opportunities, UE 115-a may send the set of reference signals 230 according to periodicity (e.g., periodically) or semi-persistence.

[0099] UE 115-a may receive a second message indicating SRI 235-a from network entity 105-a, the SRI 235-a indicating two or more SRS resources 205 in the set of SRS resources 205 included in SRS resource set 210. For example, if SRS resource set 210 includes SRS resource 205-a, SRS resource 205-b, and one or more additional SRS resources 205, then SRI 235-a may indicate SRS resource 205-a and SRS resource 205-b. That is, SRI 235-a may indicate one or more SRS resources 205 corresponding to one or more beams that UE 115-a may use to communicate uplink transmissions with network entity 105-a. In some examples, network entity 105-a may configure SRI 235-a for a configured granted PUSCH, or network entity 105-a may indicate SRI 235-a for a dynamically scheduled PUSCH.

[0100] In some examples, the network entity 105-a may use a model 240-a (e.g., a machine learning model, an AI model) to predict a beam set before generating the SRI 235-a. That is, based on the set of SRS resources 205 indicated in the SRS resource set 210 and receiving the reference signal 230 during the first SRS transmission opportunity, the network entity 105-a may use the model 240-a to predict the beam set that the UE 115-a can use to most efficiently perform uplink transmission. In response to receiving a second message including the SRI 235-a, the UE 115-a may use a first uplink transmission beam 250-a to send a first uplink message 245-a (e.g., PUSCH), which is based on a beam set (e.g., a predicted beam set) corresponding to two or more SRS resources 205 (e.g., SRS resource 205-a and SRS resource 205-b) indicated in the SRI 235-a.

[0101] In some cases, during the second SRS transmission opportunity, the SRS resource set 210 may include SRS resources 205-a, SRS resources 205-b, SRS resources 205-c, and SRS resources 205-d, wherein SRS resources 205-c and SRS resources 205-d may correspond to different time-varying spatial precoders than SRS resources 205-a and SRS resources 205-b. That is, the same SRS resource 205 may change its spatial precoding direction. During the second SRS transmission opportunity, the UE 115-a may use some SRS resources 205 (e.g., SRS resources 205-c and SRS resources 205-d) in the SRS resource set 210 according to the TDM scheme to send a set of reference signals to the network entity 105-a.

[0102] In some examples, UE 115-a may interpret SRI 235 as a linear combination of SRS resources 205 included in SRS resource set 210 at one or more previous (e.g., historical) SRS transmission opportunities, one or more recent SRS transmission opportunities, or both. For example, UE 115-a may receive a third message indicating SRI 235-b, which SRI 235-b indicates at least one SRS resource from two or more SRS resources 205 of SRS resource set 210 (as indicated in message 215) and a third SRS resource 205 (which may be SRS resource 205-c or SRS resource 205-d). For example, SRI 235-b may indicate SRS resource 205-a, SRS resource 205-b, and SRS resource 205-c, where SRS resource 205-a and SRS resource 205-b are from a previous SRS transmission opportunity (e.g., a first SRS transmission opportunity). SRS resources 205 - a , SRS resources 205 - b , and SRS resources 205 - c may be indicated in the SRI 235 - b as linear combinations of SRS resources 205 within an SRS resource set 210 defined by the output of a codebook 220 or an AI model 225 at one or more historical SRS transmission occasions.

[0103] In some cases, the network entity 105-a may use a model 240-b (e.g., a machine learning model, an AI model) to predict a set of beams before generating the SRI 235-b. That is, based on receiving a set of reference signals 230 during a first SRS transmission opportunity (e.g., via SRS resource 205-a and SRS resource 205-b) and receiving an additional set of reference signals during a second SRS transmission opportunity (e.g., via SRS resource 205-c and SRS resource 205-d), the network entity 105-a may use the model 240-b to predict a set of beams that the UE 115-a may use to perform uplink transmissions most often.

[0104] In response to receiving a second message including SRI 235-b, UE 115-a may send a second uplink message 245-b (e.g., PUSCH) using a second uplink transmit beam 250-b, which is based on a beam set (e.g., a predicted beam) corresponding to at least one SRS resource of two or more SRS resources 205 (e.g., SRS resource 205-a and SRS resource 205-b) indicated in the SRI 235-b and a third SRS resource 205 (e.g., SRS resource 205-c).

[0105] In some cases, the network entity 105-a may configure an SRS usage type associated with an SRS resource set 210. For example, the configured SRS usage type (e.g., SRS-Usage=PredictiveBM) may be associated with an SRS resource set 210 defined by a codebook 220 or an AI model 225. The UE 115-a may receive a message 215 indicating the configured SRS usage type (e.g., the usage type associated with an SRS resource set 210 that includes a set of SRS resources 205). In some cases, the UE 115-a may report a maximum number of configurable SRS resource sets with a configured SRS usage type (e.g., SRS-ResourceSet=PredictiveBM) and a maximum number of SRS sources 205 within such an SRS resource set (e.g., an SRS resource set 210) as UE capabilities.

[0106] In some cases, as described herein, a linear combination based PUSCH predecoder indication or an AI based PUSCH predecoder indication may implicitly configure a new uplink transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state associated with the UE 115-a. That is, the UE 115-a may receive a second message including an SRI 235, where the second message may additionally configure an uplink TCI state for the UE 115-a. The implicitly configured TCI state may be associated with at least one SRS resource in the SRS resources 205 that is directly or indirectly used to determine a spatial predecoder for sending an uplink message 425. For example, the network entity 105-a may also indicate an SRI 235 associated with at least one SRS resource in such SRS resources 205 to imply the use of an uplink transmit beam 250 identified in an uplink message 245 (e.g., PUSCH) sent by the UE 115-a. In some examples, successful decoding of uplink message 245 by network entity 105-a may be considered an implicit confirmation by UE 115-a of the implicit TCI state configuration.

[0107] By using the codebook 220 or the AI ​​model 225 to limit the number of beams for the beam scanning process, communication between the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a can be improved. For example, by using the output of the codebook 220 or the AI ​​model 225 to define the SRS resource set 210, the UE 115-a can scan on a portion of a larger beam set, which can reduce power consumption and overhead consumption at the UE 115-a. In addition, by sending an enhanced SRI indicating the SRS resources 205 of the SRS resource set 210 defined by the codebook 220 or the AI ​​model 225 to the UE 115-a, the network entity 105-a can improve beam prediction and further reduce system overhead because the UE 115-a can use fewer uplinks to send beams. Therefore, the described techniques can improve the efficiency of beam scanning, as well as other benefits.

[0108] Figure 3 An example of a beam scanning timeline 300 of a UE 115 supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the beam scanning timeline 300 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, or can be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the beam scanning timeline 300 can include a UE 115-b, which can be an example of a corresponding device described herein. In some examples, the UE 115-b can use time domain beam scanning to improve beam scanning efficiency, reduce system overhead, and reduce power consumption in the beam scanning timeline 300, among other benefits.

[0109] As described herein, UE 115-b may support a certain number of SRS resources 305, which may be associated with a transmit beam or a receive beam. Some SRS resources 305 may be included in an SRS resource set. UE 115-b may receive a first message from a network entity, the first message indicating an SRS resource set corresponding to a set of reference signal beams or uplink transmit beams for UE 115-b. For example, in addition to SRS resources 305-a, SRS resources 305-b, SRS resources 305-c, SRS resources 305-d, or any combination thereof, the SRS resource set may also include a certain number of SRS resources. In some cases, the network entity may determine the SRS resource set using a codebook or the output of an AI model. For example, the network entity may send a first message indicating a codebook identifying a set of time-varying spatial precoders associated with a set of SRS resources 305 in the SRS resource set, wherein a given spatial precoder may correspond to a corresponding uplink transmit beam for UE 115-b. Alternatively, the network entity may send a first message indicating an output of an AI model identifying a set of time-varying spatial precoders associated with the set of SRS resources 305 .

[0110] In some cases, UE 115-b may use a set of SRS resources 305 and transmit a set of reference signals (e.g., SRS) according to a TDM scheme. The network entity may send a second message indicating the SRI to UE 115-b. The SRI may indicate two or more SRS resources 305 in the set of SRS resources, which UE 115-b may use to transmit an uplink message (e.g., PUSCH) using an uplink transmit beam 310, which is determined based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more SRS resources 305. That is, the SRI may indicate one or more SRS resources 305 corresponding to one or more beams that UE 115-b may use to communicate uplink transmissions with the network entity. During the first SRS transmission opportunity 315-a, the network entity may send a second message indicating the SRI to the UE 115-b, wherein the SRI may indicate the SRS resource 305-a (e.g., corresponding to the first linear coefficient b1) and the SRS resource 305-b (e.g., corresponding to the second linear coefficient b2). The UE 115-a may use the uplink transmission beam 310-a to send a first uplink message (e.g., PUSCH) to the network entity, wherein the uplink transmission beam 310-a may be based on a beam set corresponding to the SRS resource 305-a and the SRS resource 305-b.

[0111] In some examples, the UE 115-b may interpret the SRI at least as a linear combination of the SRS resources 305 included in the SRS resource set at one or more previous (e.g., historical) SRS transmission opportunities 315, one or more recent SRS transmission opportunities 315, or both. The SRS resources 305 indicated in the SRI may identify a spatial precoder for a scheduled uplink transmission (e.g., PUSCH), wherein the identified spatial precoder is based on one or more linear combinations of the SRS resources 305 indicated in the SRI. In some examples, the SRS resources 305 may be combined on a time-selective SRS precoder. For a given SRS resource indicated in the SRI, the uplink grant including the SRI may also indicate one or more previous SRS transmission opportunities 315, one or more recent SRS transmission opportunities, or both. The linear combination of the SRS resources 305 may be applied to one or more spatial precoders used by the SRS resources 305 for the SRS transmission opportunities 315. For example, during the second SRS transmission opportunity 315-b, the UE 115-b may receive a second message indicating an SRI from the network entity, wherein the SRI may indicate a linear combination of two or more SRS resources 305, and wherein the two or more SRS resources 305 may be associated with different SRS transmission opportunities 315. For example, the SRI may indicate a linear combination of an SRS resource 305-b associated with the first SRS transmission opportunity 315-a (e.g., corresponding to the linear coefficient b1) and an SRS resource 305-c associated with the second SRS transmission opportunity 315-b (e.g., corresponding to the linear coefficient b2). Thus, the linear combination may include different SRS resources 305 from different SRS transmission opportunities 315 (e.g., previous and most recent SRS transmission opportunities 315).

[0112] UE 115-b may use uplink transmit beam 310-b to send a second uplink message (e.g., PUSCH) to a network entity, wherein uplink transmit beam 310-b may be based on a beam set corresponding to SRS resource 305-b and SRS resource 305-c. In addition, UE 115-b may send the second uplink message based on a spatial precoder associated with a linear combination of SRS resource 305-b and SRS resource 305-c.

[0113] Additionally or alternatively, during the third SRS transmission opportunity 315-c, the UE 115-b may receive a second message indicating an SRI from the network entity, wherein the SRI may indicate a linear combination of two or more SRS resources 305, and wherein the two or more SRS resources 305 may be associated with different SRS transmission opportunities 315. For example, the SRI may indicate a linear combination of an SRS resource 305-c associated with the second SRS transmission opportunity 315-b (e.g., corresponding to the linear coefficient b1) and an SRS resource 305-d associated with the third SRS transmission opportunity 315-c (e.g., corresponding to the linear coefficient b2). Therefore, in different SRS transmission opportunities 315, the linear combination may include the same SRS resource 305 (e.g., the SRS resource 305-c and the SRS resource 305-d may correspond to the same physical location and have different spatial precoders).

[0114] UE 115-b may transmit a third uplink message (e.g., PUSCH) to a network entity using uplink transmit beam 310-c, wherein uplink transmit beam 310-c may be based on a beam set corresponding to SRS resource 305-c and SRS resource 305-d. In addition, UE 115-b may transmit a second uplink message based on a spatial precoder associated with a linear combination of SRS resource 305-b and SRS resource 305-d.

[0115] In some examples, UE 115-b may report UE capabilities for a spatial precoder defined using an AI model. For example, for a model-based spatial precoder, UE 115-b may report an upper limit on the number of transmit opportunities indicated in one or more uplink grants as the UE capabilities. In some examples, the UE capabilities may be based on a precoder previously used by UE 115-b.

[0116] Figure 4 An example of a process flow 400 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the process flow 400 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, or can be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the process flow 400 can include a network entity 105-b and a UE 115-c, which can be examples of corresponding devices described herein. In some examples, the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-c can use time domain beam scanning to improve beam scanning efficiency, reduce system overhead, and reduce power consumption in the wireless communication system, among other benefits.

[0117] As reference Figure 2As described, the network entity 105-b may communicate signals (e.g., uplink transmissions and downlink transmissions) with the UE 115-c on corresponding communication links. In some examples, the UE 115-c may support a certain number of SRS resources 405, which may be associated with a transmit beam or a receive beam. Some SRS resources 405 may be included in an SRS resource set.

[0118] To support beam prediction based on SRS resource selection by network entity 105-b, network entity 105-b may send a message 410 indicating an SRS resource set to UE 115-c, wherein the SRS resource set may include a set of SRS resources associated with a TDM scheme. For example, the SRS resource set may include SRS resources 405-a and SRS resources 405-b, which may be TDM. In some examples, the SRS resources 405 included in the SRS resource set may be associated with a set of time-varying spatial pre-decoders. UE 115-c may use the SRS resources 405 included in the SRS resource set and send a set of reference signals to network entity 105-b according to the TDM scheme.

[0119] In some examples, UE 115-c and network entity 105-b may use an AI model to determine a predecoder for a scheduled uplink transmission. As described herein, network entity 105-b may use model 415 (e.g., an AI model) to predict beam sets corresponding to two or more SRS resources 405 that UE 115-c may use to send uplink message 425. For example, network entity 105-b may use model 415-a to predict beam sets corresponding to SRS resources 405-a and SRS resources 405-b that may be included in the SRS resource set. Additionally or alternatively, network entity 105-b may use model 415-b to predict beam sets corresponding to SRS resources 405-c and SRS resources 405-d that may be included in the SRS resource set.

[0120] The network entity 105-b may send a second message to the UE 115-c indicating the uplink grant and the SRI 420, wherein the SRI 420 may include a portion of the total amount of SRS resources 405 in the set of SRS resources. The SRI 420 may indicate one or more SRS resources 405 corresponding to one or more beams that the UE 115-c may use to communicate uplink transmissions with the network entity 105-b. In some examples, the SRI 420 may include a linear combination of SRS resources 405 from one or more SRS transmission opportunities. For example, using the model 415-b, the network entity 105-b may generate a linear combination including SRS resources 405-b that may be associated with a first SRS transmission opportunity and SRS resources 405-d that may be associated with a second SRS transmission opportunity.

[0121] In some examples, the SRS resources 405 (e.g., SRS resource 405-b and SRS resource 405-d) indicated in the SRI 420 may identify a spatial precoder for an uplink message 425 (e.g., a scheduled PUSCH). The spatial precoder may be based on the output of a model 415-c that may use at least the SRI 420 as an input. Additional inputs to the model 415-c may include one or more CSI-RS tones associated with the set of SRS resources, a channel estimated from the CSI-RS, or both. Thus, the UE 115-c may send an uplink message 425 using an uplink transmit beam 430 corresponding to the spatial precoder determined at the UE 115-c using the model 415-c, wherein the spatial precoder may have improved accuracy and efficiency based on use of the model 415-c.

[0122] In some cases, such as reference Figure 4 As described, the SRI 420 input to the model 415-c may include one or more bits indicated in the SRI 420, the SRS resources 405 indicated in the SRI 420 together with the corresponding SRS transmission timing indicated in the uplink grant sent by the network entity 105-b, additional information such as UE rotation information (e.g., which may not be available at the network entity 105-b), or any combination thereof. In some examples, if the SRI 420 includes a limited number of bits, resulting in the information within the SRI 420 being compressed (e.g., encoded), the model 415-c may decompress (e.g., decode) the information in the SRI 420 to determine the spatial precoder used for the uplink message 425.

[0123] Figure 5An example of an SRI mapping scheme 500 that supports beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the SRI mapping scheme 500 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, or can be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the SRI mapping scheme 500 can include a UE 115-d, which can be an example of a corresponding device described herein. In some examples, the UE 115-d can use time domain beam scanning to improve beam scanning efficiency, reduce system overhead, and reduce power consumption in the wireless communication system, among other benefits.

[0124] As described herein, UE 115-d may support a certain number of SRS resources 505, which may be transmit beams or receive beams. Some SRS resources 505 may be included in an SRS resource set. UE 115-d may receive a first message from a network entity, which first message indicates an SRS resource set including a set of SRS resources 505 associated with a TDM scheme. For example, the SRS resource set may include a certain number of SRS resources 505, which include SRS resources 505-a (e.g., SRS-Rsc#0), SRS resources 505-b (e.g., SRS-Rsc#1), SRS resources 505-c (e.g., SRS-Rsc#0), SRS resources 505-d (e.g., SRS-Rsc#1), or any combination thereof. In some examples, the SRS resources 505 may be associated with different SRS transmission opportunities. For example, UE 115-d may use SRS resources 505-a and SRS resources 505-b during a first SRS transmission opportunity (e.g., SRS Tx opportunity #0), and use SRS resources 505-c and SRS resources 505-d during a second SRS transmission opportunity (e.g., SRS Tx opportunity #1).

[0125] The network entity may determine the set of SRS resources using a codebook or the output of an AI model. For example, the network entity may send a first message indicating a codebook identifying a set of time-varying spatial precoders associated with a set of SRS resources 505 in a set of SRS resources, or the network entity may send a first message indicating the output of an AI model identifying a set of time-varying spatial precoders associated with a set of SRS resources 505. In some cases, the UE 115-d may use a set of SRS resources 505 and send a set of reference signals (e.g., SRS) according to a TDM scheme, and in some cases, according to a set of time-varying spatial precoders. The network entity may send a second message indicating the SRI 515 to the UE 115-d. The SRI 515 may indicate two or more SRS resources 505 in a set of SRS resources that the UE 115-d may use to transmit an uplink message (e.g., PUSCH) using an uplink transmit beam determined based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more SRS resources 505. In some examples, the UE 115-d may interpret the SRI 515 at least as a linear combination of the SRS resources 505 included in the set of SRS resources at one or more previous (e.g., historical) SRS transmission opportunities, one or more recent SRS transmission opportunities, or both.

[0126] In some examples, in addition to two or more SRS resources 505, the SRI 515 may also indicate a rank such that a time-varying spatial precoder and, in some cases, their linear combinations associated with different SRS resources 505 may be interpreted as a spatial precoder to be used with different PUSCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ports. Thus, the UE 115-d may receive a message from a network entity based on a spatial precoder associated with the rank of the SRI that is used with different PUSCH DMRS ports (e.g., SRS port 510). For example, if the SRI 515 indicates a linear combination of SRS resources 505, the UE 115-d may interpret the SRI 515 as having a first linear combination of SRS resources 505 for a first PUSCH layer and a second linear combination of SRS resources 505 for a second PUSCH layer. Alternatively, if the SRI 515 is based on a reference rank such as Figure 2 If the SRI 515 is based on a single AI model, the UE 115-d may interpret the SRI 515 as an input to the AI ​​model, which may determine the first spatial precoder and the second spatial precoder to be used for the first PUSCH layer and the second PUSCH layer, respectively. If the SRI 515 is based on multiple AI models, the multiple AI models may be used to output multiple spatial precoders for the first PUSCH layer and the second PUSCH layer.

[0127] In some cases of higher rank SRI indications, the spatial precoders previously used by the same SRS resource 505, the same portion of the SRS resource 505, or both may be linearly combined for the same PUSCH layer, or input to the corresponding AI model (if multiple AI models are used) to determine the spatial precoder for the corresponding PUSCH layer. In addition, some restrictions on the linear combination of higher rank SRI indications may be based on UE capability reports (e.g., reporting the number of SRS resources 505 that can be used within a portion of the SRS resource 505).

[0128] In some examples, each SRS resource 505 may correspond to multiple SRS ports 510 supported by the UE 115-d. For example, multiple SRS ports 510 that the UE 115-d may transmit simultaneously may be carried by a single SRS resource 505. For a first SRS transmission opportunity, the SRS resource 505-a may be associated with the SRS port 510-a (e.g., SRS port #0) and the SRS port 510-b (e.g., SRS port #1), and the SRS resource 505-b may be associated with the SRS port 510-c (e.g., SRS port #0) and the SRS port 510-d (e.g., SRS port #1). In addition, for the second SRS transmission opportunity, SRS resource 505-c may be associated with SRS port 510-e (e.g., SRS port #0) and SRS port 510-f (e.g., SRS port #1), and SRS resource 505-d may be associated with SRS port 510-g (e.g., SRS port #0) and SRS port 510-h (e.g., SRS port #1). UE 115-d may transmit each pair of SRS ports 510 corresponding to a single SRS resource 505 simultaneously.

[0129] In addition, multiple spatial precoders may be mapped to multiple SRS ports 510. In some examples, for the SRI indication based on the linear combination, the SRI 515-a may indicate a linear combination of spatial precoders for the same SRS resource 505 and the same SRS port 510, used to generate a spatial precoder for the same PUSCH layer. For example, for a first PUSCH layer (e.g., PUSCH layer #0), the SRI 515-a may include a linear combination of a spatial precoder for an SRS resource 505-a associated with the SRS port 510-a during a first SRS transmission opportunity and a spatial precoder for an SRS resource 505-c associated with the SRS port 510-e during a second SRS transmission opportunity.

[0130] Alternatively, for an AI model-based SRI indication, one or more previously used spatial precoders used with the same SRS resource 505 and the same SRS port 510 may be used as input to the AI ​​model associated with a particular PUSCH layer. For example, for a second PUSCH layer (e.g., PUSCH layer #1), the SRI 515-b may include a linear combination of a spatial precoder for SRS resource 505-b associated with SRS port 510-d during a first SRS transmission opportunity and a spatial precoder for SRS resource 505-d associated with SRS port 510-h during a second SRS transmission opportunity.

[0131] Figure 6 An example of a process flow 600 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 600 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the process flow 600 may illustrate operations between a UE 115-e and a network entity 105-c (which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein). In the following description of the process flow 600, operations between the UE 115-e and the network entity 105-c may be sent in an order different from the example order shown, or operations performed by the UE 115-e and the network entity 105-c may be performed in a different order or at a different time. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 600, and other operations may be added to the process flow 600.

[0132] At 605, UE 115-e may receive a first message from network entity 105-c indicating a set of SRS resources including a set of SRS resources associated with a TDM scheme. In addition, the set of SRS resources may be associated with a set of time-varying spatial precoders. In some examples, UE 115-e may receive a first message indicating an output of a codebook or an AI model that may identify a set of time-varying spatial precoders associated with the set of SRS resources.

[0133] At 610, the UE 115-e may transmit a set of reference signals (eg, SRS) to the network entity 105-c using the set of SRS resources and according to a TDM scheme. If configured, the UE 115-e may transmit the set of reference signals using a set of time-varying spatial precoders.

[0134] At 615, UE 115-e may receive a second message from network entity 105-c, the second message including an SRI indicating two or more SRS resources in the set of SRS resources. The SRI may indicate a linear combination of the two or more SRS resources, where the two or more SRS resources may be associated with one or more SRS transmission opportunities. That is, the linear combination may indicate two or more SRS resources that may be from a previous SRS transmission opportunity, a recent SRS transmission opportunity, or both.

[0135] At 620, UE 115-e may send a first uplink message to network entity 105-c using a first uplink transmit beam. The first uplink transmit beam may be based on a beam set corresponding to two or more SRS resources included in the SRI. That is, network entity 105-c may perform beam prediction based on a set of SRS resources. In some cases, UE 115-e may send a first uplink message (e.g., PUSCH) using the first uplink transmit beam and a spatial precoder determined by network entity 105-c, UE 115-e, or both.

[0136] At 625, UE 115-e may receive a third message from network entity 105-c, the third message including a second SRI indicating at least one SRS resource of two or more SRS resources from the set of SRS resources and a third SRS resource. At least one SRS resource of the two or more SRS resources may be from a first SRS transmission opportunity, and the third SRS resource may be from a second SRS transmission opportunity. That is, at least the third SRS resource may be from a previous (e.g., historical) SRS transmission opportunity, a recent SRS transmission opportunity, or both.

[0137] At 630, UE 115-e may send a second uplink message (e.g., PUSCH) to network entity 105-c using a second uplink transmit beam based on a second beam set corresponding to at least one of the two or more SRS resources and a third SRS resource. In some examples, the second uplink transmit beam may be associated with a spatial precoder.

[0138] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0139] The receiver 710 may provide means for receiving information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. The information may be communicated to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0140] The transmitter 715 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels related to beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection, data channels, information channels), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0141] The communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0142] In some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured to or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0143] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware, software (e.g., executed by a processor), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functionality described in the present disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, a GPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0144] In some examples, the communication manager 720 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communication manager 720 can receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0145] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at the UE. For example, the communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources.

[0146] By including or configuring the communication manager 720 according to examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communication manager 720, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection that can reduce power and overhead consumption of the device 705. Thus, the described techniques can support improved beam scanning and SRI generation, among other benefits.

[0147] Figure 8A block diagram 800 of a device 805 supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of the device 705 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. The device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0148] The receiver 810 may provide means for receiving information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. The information may be communicated to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0149] The transmitter 815 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels related to beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection, data channels, information channels), user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with the receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0150] The device 805 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein. For example, the communication manager 820 may include a message component 825, a reference signal component 830, an SRI component 835, an uplink message component 840, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 820 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send). For example, the communication manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, transmit information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0151] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at the UE. The message component 825 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The reference signal component 830 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme. The SRI component 835 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources. The uplink message component 840 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources.

[0152] Fig. 9 A block diagram 900 of a communication manager 920 supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, the communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include a message component 925, a reference signal component 930, an SRI component 935, an uplink message component 940, a spatial pre-decoder component 945, a codebook component 950, an AI model component 955, an SRI rank component 960, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0153] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at the UE. The message component 925 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The reference signal component 930 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme. The SRI component 935 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources. The uplink message component 940 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources.

[0154] In some examples, SRI component 935 can be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource of two or more reference signal resources in a set of multiple reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource. In some examples, uplink message component 940 can be configured to or otherwise support components for sending a second uplink message using a second uplink transmit beam based on a second beam set corresponding to at least one reference signal resource of the two or more reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource.

[0155] In some examples, to support sending a set of multiple reference signals, the spatial precoder component 945 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme and a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders associated with the set of multiple reference signal resources.

[0156] In some examples, the set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders is different for different transmission occasions of the set of multiple reference signals. In some examples, the set of multiple reference signals is transmitted periodically or semi-persistently.

[0157] In some examples, to support receiving a first message, codebook component 950 may be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving a first message indicating a codebook identifying a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders associated with a set of multiple reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources. In some examples, the codebook is time-varying based on an indication from a network entity or a UE.

[0158] In some examples, to support receiving a first message, AI model component 955 can be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving a first message indicating an output of a machine learning model identifying a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders associated with a set of multiple reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources. In some examples, the machine learning model is time-varying based on an indication from a network entity or a UE.

[0159] In some examples, to support receiving a second message, the SRI component 935 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a second message that includes a reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of two or more reference signal resources in a set of multiple reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources are associated with one or more transmission opportunities.

[0160] In some examples, to support sending a first uplink message, uplink message component 940 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending a first uplink message based on a spatial precoder associated with a linear combination of two or more reference signal resources.

[0161] In some examples, to support sending a first uplink message, uplink message component 940 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending a first uplink message based on a spatial predecoder output by a machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model uses at least a reference signal resource indicator as an input.

[0162] In some examples, to support receiving a second message, the SRI rank component 960 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a second message that includes a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources and includes a rank of the reference signal resource indicator.

[0163] In some examples, to support sending a first uplink message, the SRI rank component 960 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending the first uplink message based on a spatial precoder associated with a rank of a reference signal resource indicator, where the spatial precoder is used with different reference signal ports.

[0164] In some examples, to support receiving a first message, message component 925 may be configured or otherwise support means for receiving a first message indicating a usage type associated with a set of reference signal resources comprising a set of multiple reference signal resources.

[0165] In some examples, to support receiving a second message, message component 925 may be configured or otherwise support means for receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator, wherein the second message configures an uplink TCI state for the UE.

[0166] Fig.10 A diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 may be an example of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, a memory 1030, a code 1035, and a processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1045).

[0167] I / O controller 1010 can manage input signals and output signals of device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1005. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as processor 1040). In some cases, a user may interact with device 1005 via I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1010.

[0168] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025, a wired or wireless link, as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015 or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025 may be examples of transmitters 715, transmitters 815, receivers 710, receivers 810, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0169] The memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the processor 1040, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1030 may also contain, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0170] The processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a GPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1040. The processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1030) to enable the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection). For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include a processor 1040 and a memory 1030 coupled to or coupled to the processor 1040, and the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0171] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at the UE. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources.

[0172] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to examples as described herein, the device 1005 can support techniques for beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection that can reduce power and overhead consumption of the device 1005. Thus, the described techniques can support improved beam scanning and SRI generation, among other benefits.

[0173] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or performed by the processor 1040, the memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein, or the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0174] Fig.11 A block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communication manager 1120. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0175] Receiver 1110 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be communicated to other components of device 1105. In some examples, receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0176] The transmitter 1115 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., sending, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0177] The communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0178] In some examples, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, a GPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured as or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, a processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0179] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware, software (e.g., executed by a processor), or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functionality described in the present disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, a GPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0180] In some examples, communication manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or both. For example, communication manager 1120 may receive information from receiver 1110, transmit information to transmitter 1115, or be integrated in conjunction with receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0181] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a network entity. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources.

[0182] By including or configuring the communication manager 1120 according to examples as described herein, the device 1105 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, the communication manager 1120, or a combination thereof) can support techniques for beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection that can reduce power and overhead consumption of the device 1105. Thus, the described techniques can support improved beam scanning and SRI generation, among other benefits.

[0183] Fig.12 A block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of the device 1105 or network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communication manager 1220. The device 1205 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0184] Receiver 1210 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be communicated to other components of device 1205. In some examples, receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0185] The transmitter 1215 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., sending, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1215 and the receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0186] The device 1205 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1220 may include a resource collection component 1225, a reference signal receiving component 1230, an SRI sending component 1235, an uplink message receiving component 1240, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 1220 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 1120 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 1220 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send). For example, the communication manager 1220 may receive information from the receiver 1210, transmit information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0187] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1220 may support wireless communications at a network entity. The resource set component 1225 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The reference signal receiving component 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme. The SRI sending component 1235 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources. The uplink message receiving component 1240 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources.

[0188] Fig.13 A block diagram 1300 of a communication manager 1320 that supports beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1320 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1120, the communication manager 1220, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1320 or its various components can be examples of means for performing various aspects of beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1320 can include a resource collection component 1325, a reference signal receiving component 1330, an SRI transmitting component 1335, an uplink message receiving component 1340, a pre-decoder component 1345, a codebook transmitting component 1350, a model component 1355, a linear combination component 1360, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), which communication may include communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communication associated with a logical channel of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with the network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with the network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0189] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1320 may support wireless communications at a network entity. The resource set component 1325 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The reference signal receiving component 1330 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme. The SRI sending component 1335 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources. The uplink message receiving component 1340 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources.

[0190] In some examples, SRI sending component 1335 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending a third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource of two or more reference signal resources in a set of multiple reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource. In some examples, uplink message receiving component 1340 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a second uplink message using a second uplink transmit beam based on a second beam set corresponding to at least one reference signal resource of the two or more reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource.

[0191] In some examples, to support receiving a set of multiple reference signals, predecoder component 1345 may be configured as or otherwise support components for receiving a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme and a set of multiple time-varying spatial predecoders associated with the set of multiple reference signal resources.

[0192] In some examples, the sets of multiple time-varying spatial precoders are different for different transmission occasions of the sets of multiple reference signals, where the sets of multiple reference signals are transmitted periodically or semi-persistently.

[0193] In some examples, to support sending a first message, codebook sending component 1350 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending a first message indicating a codebook identifying a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders associated with a set of multiple reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources. In some examples, the codebook is time-varying based on an indication from a network entity or a UE.

[0194] In some examples, to support sending a first message, model component 1355 can be configured or otherwise support means for sending a first message indicating an output of a machine learning model identifying a set of multiple time-varying spatial precoders associated with a set of multiple reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources. In some examples, the machine learning model is time-varying based on an indication from a network entity or a UE.

[0195] In some examples, to support sending a second message, linear combination component 1360 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending a second message, the second message comprising a reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of two or more reference signal resources from a set of multiple reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources are associated with one or more transmission opportunities.

[0196] In some examples, to support sending a second message, SRI sending component 1335 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending a second message that includes a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources and includes a rank of the reference signal resource indicator.

[0197] In some examples, to support sending a first message, resource collection component 1325 may be configured or otherwise support components for sending a first message indicating a usage type associated with a reference signal resource set comprising a set of multiple reference signal resources.

[0198] In some examples, to support sending a second message, resource collection component 1325 may be configured as or otherwise support components for sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator, where the second message configures an uplink TCI state for the UE.

[0199] Fig.14A diagram of a system 1400 including a device 1405 supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1405 may be an example of a device 1105, a device 1205, or a network entity 105 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1405 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which communication may include communication through one or more wired interfaces, through one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1405 may include components that support output and acquisition of communications, such as a communication manager 1420, a transceiver 1410, an antenna 1415, a memory 1425, a code 1430, and a processor 1435. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1440).

[0200] The transceiver 1410 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1410 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1410 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1405 may include one or more antennas 1415, which may be capable of sending or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1410 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1415, via a wired transmitter); receiving a modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1415, from a wired receiver); and demodulating a signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1415 configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1415 configured to support various sending or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components that are operable to perform the following operations: perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals; or generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410, or the transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415, or the transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 1435, or memory 1425, or both) may be included in a chip or chip component installed in the device 1405. The transceiver 1410 or transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415 or wired interfaces (where applicable) may be examples of transmitter 1115, transmitter 1215, receiver 1110, receiver 1210, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0201] Memory 1425 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1425 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1430 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1435, cause device 1405 to perform various functions described herein. Code 1430 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1430 may not be directly executable by processor 1435, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1425 may also include, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0202] Processor 1435 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a GPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1435 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1435. Processor 1435 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1425) to enable device 1405 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection). For example, device 1405 or a component of device 1405 may include processor 1435 and memory 1425 coupled to processor 1435, and processor 1435 and memory 1425 are configured to perform various functions described herein. Processor 1435 can be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, a virtual machine, or a container instance) that can host functions for performing functions of device 1405 (e.g., by executing code 1430). Processor 1435 can be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1405 (such as in memory 1425). In some specific implementations, processor 1435 can be a component of a processing system. A processing system can generally refer to a system or a series of machines or components that receive inputs and process these inputs to produce an output set (which can be passed to other systems or components of device 1405, for example). For example, a processing system of device 1405 can refer to a system including various other components or subcomponents of device 1405, such as processor 1435, or transceiver 1410, or communication manager 1420, or other components or combinations of components of device 1405. The processing system of device 1405 may be docked with other components of device 1405, and may process information (such as input or signal) received from other components, or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of device 1405 may include a processing system and an interface for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. The interface may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information. In some specific implementations, the first interface may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a transmitter, so that device 1405 can send information output from the chip or modem. In some specific implementations, the second interface may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a receiver, so that device 1405 can obtain information or signal input, and the information can be passed to the processing system.Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0203] In some examples, bus 1440 may support communications of protocol layers (e.g., within a protocol layer) of a protocol stack. In some examples, bus 1440 may support communications associated with logical channels of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within components of device 1405, or communications performed between different components of device 1405 that may be co-located or may be located in different locations (e.g., where device 1405 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1420, transceiver 1410, memory 1425, code 1430, and processor 1435 may be located in one component or divided between different components).

[0204] In some examples, communication manager 1420 may manage aspects of communications with core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, communication manager 1420 may manage delivery of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, communication manager 1420 may manage communications with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UE 115 in collaboration with other network entities 105. In some examples, communication manager 1420 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0205] According to the examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1420 may support wireless communication at a network entity. For example, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a set of multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of multiple reference signals using a set of multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources in the set of multiple reference signal resources. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources.

[0206] By including or configuring a communication manager 1420 according to examples as described herein, the device 1405 can support techniques for beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection that can reduce power and overhead consumption of the device 1405. Thus, the described techniques can support improved beam scanning and SRI generation, among other benefits.

[0207] In some examples, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1410, one or more antennas 1415 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1420 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1420 may be supported or performed by the processor 1435, the memory 1425, the code 1430, the transceiver 1410, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1430 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1435 to cause the device 1405 to perform various aspects of beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection as described herein, or the processor 1435 and the memory 1425 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0208] Fig.15 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein may be executed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0209] At 1505, the method may include receiving a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by Fig. 9 The message component 925 is used to execute.

[0210] At 1510, the method may include sending a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of a plurality of reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by Fig. 9 The reference signal component 930 is used to perform the above operation.

[0211] At 1515, the method may include receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by Fig. 9 The SRI component 935 is used to execute.

[0212] At 1520, the method may include transmitting a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources. The operations of 1520 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by Fig. 9 The uplink message component 940 is used to perform.

[0213] Fig.16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein may be executed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0214] At 1605, the method may include receiving a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by Fig. 9 The message component 925 is used to execute.

[0215] At 1610, the method may include sending a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of a plurality of reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by Fig. 9 The reference signal component 930 is used to perform the above operation.

[0216] At 1615, the method may include receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by Fig. 9The SRI component 935 is used to execute.

[0217] At 1620, the method may include transmitting a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by Fig. 9 The uplink message component 940 is used to perform.

[0218] At 1625, the method may include receiving a third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource of two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource. The operations of 1625 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be performed by Fig. 9 The SRI component 935 is used to execute.

[0219] At 1630, the method may include transmitting a second uplink message using a second uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a second beam set corresponding to at least one reference signal resource of the two or more reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource. The operations of 1630 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1630 may be performed by Fig. 9 The uplink message component 940 is used to perform.

[0220] Fig.17 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein may be executed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0221] At 1705, the method may include receiving a first message indicating a codebook identifying a plurality of time-varying spatial precoders associated with a plurality of reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources, the set of reference signal resources being associated with a TDM scheme. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by Fig. 9 The codebook component 950 is used to perform.

[0222] At 1710, the method may include sending a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of a plurality of reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by Fig. 9 The reference signal component 930 is used to perform the above operation.

[0223] At 1715, the method may include receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by Fig. 9 The SRI component 935 is used to execute.

[0224] At 1720, the method may include transmitting a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by Fig. 9 The uplink message component 940 is used to perform.

[0225] Fig.18 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 10 The UE 115 described herein may be executed. In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0226] At 1805, the method may include receiving a first message indicating an output of a machine learning model identifying a plurality of time-varying spatial precoders associated with a plurality of reference signal resources of a set of reference signal resources, the plurality of reference signal resources being associated with a TDM scheme. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by Fig. 9 The AI ​​model component 955 is used to execute.

[0227] At 1810, the method may include sending a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of a plurality of reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by Fig. 9 The reference signal component 930 is used to perform the above operation.

[0228] At 1815, the method may include receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by Fig. 9 The SRI component 935 is used to execute.

[0229] At 1820, the method may include transmitting a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources. The operations of 1820 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be performed by Fig. 9 The uplink message component 940 is used to perform.

[0230] Fig.19 A flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0231] At 1905, the method may include sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The operations of 1905 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by Fig.13 The resource collection component 1325 is used to execute.

[0232] At 1910, the method may include receiving a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of a plurality of reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by Fig.13The reference signal receiving component 1330 is used to perform.

[0233] At 1915, the method may include sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by Fig.13 The SRI sending component 1335 is used to execute.

[0234] At 1920, the method may include receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources. The operations of 1920 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be performed by Fig.13 The uplink message receiving component 1340 is used to execute.

[0235] Fig. 20 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0236] At 2005, the method may include sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The operations of 2005 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed by Fig.13 The resource collection component 1325 is used to execute.

[0237] At 2010, the method may include receiving a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of the plurality of reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme and a plurality of time-varying spatial precoders associated with the plurality of reference signal resources. The operations of 2010 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed by Fig.13 The pre-decoder component 1345 is used to perform.

[0238] At 2015, the method may include sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources. The operations of 2015 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed by Fig.13 The SRI sending component 1335 is used to execute.

[0239] At 2020, the method may include receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources. The operations of 2020 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2020 may be performed by Fig.13 The uplink message receiving component 1340 is used to execute.

[0240] Fig.21 2100 for supporting beam prediction based on reference signal resource selection according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0241] At 2105, the method may include sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme. The operations of 2105 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed by Fig.13 The resource collection component 1325 is used to execute.

[0242] At 2110, the method may include receiving a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of a plurality of reference signal resources according to a TDM scheme. The operations of 2110 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed by Fig.13 The reference signal receiving component 1330 is used to perform.

[0243] At 2115, the method may include sending a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources are associated with one or more transmission opportunities. The operations of 2115 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed by Fig.13 The linear combination component 1360 is performed.

[0244] At 2120, the method may include receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to two or more reference signal resources. The operations of 2120 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2120 may be performed by Fig.13 The uplink message receiving component 1340 is used to execute.

[0245] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0246] Aspect 1: A method for performing wireless communications at a UE, the method comprising: receiving a first message, the first message indicating a reference signal resource set including multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; using at least a portion of the multiple reference signal resources to send multiple reference signals according to the TDM scheme; receiving a second message, the second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources among the multiple reference signal resources; and sending a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being at least partially based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0247] Aspect 2: According to the method described in Aspect 1, the method also includes: receiving a third message, the third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource among the two or more reference signal resources among the multiple reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource; and sending a second uplink message using a second uplink transmit beam, the second uplink transmit beam being at least partially based on a second beam set corresponding to the at least one reference signal resource among the two or more reference signal resources and the third reference signal resource.

[0248] Aspect 3: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein sending the multiple reference signals comprises: sending the multiple reference signals using at least the portion of the multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme and the multiple time-varying spatial pre-decoders associated with the multiple reference signal resources.

[0249] Aspect 4: The method according to aspect 3, wherein the multiple time-varying spatial precoders are different for different transmission occasions of the multiple reference signals; and the multiple reference signals are transmitted periodically or semi-persistently.

[0250] Aspect 5: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein receiving the first message comprises: receiving the first message, the first message indicating a codebook identifying multiple time-varying spatial pre-decoders associated with the multiple reference signal resources of the reference signal resource set.

[0251] Aspect 6: The method according to aspect 5, wherein the codebook is time-varying based at least in part on an indication from a network entity or the UE.

[0252] Aspect 7: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein receiving the first message includes: receiving the first message, the first message indicating the output of a machine learning model identifying multiple time-varying spatial predecoders associated with the multiple reference signal resources of the reference signal resource set.

[0253] Aspect 8: The method according to Aspect 7, wherein the machine learning model is time-varying based at least in part on instructions from a network entity or the UE.

[0254] Aspect 9: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein receiving the second message includes: receiving the second message, the second message including the reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of the two or more reference signal resources among the multiple reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources are associated with one or more transmission opportunities.

[0255] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein sending the first uplink message comprises sending the first uplink message based at least in part on a spatial precoder associated with the linear combination of the two or more reference signal resources.

[0256] Aspect 11: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein sending the first uplink message includes: sending the first uplink message at least partially based on a spatial predecoder output by a machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model uses at least the reference signal resource indicator as input.

[0257] Aspect 12: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein receiving the second message comprises: receiving the second message, the second message comprising the reference signal resource indicator indicating the two or more reference signal resources and comprising a rank of the reference signal resource indicator.

[0258] Aspect 13: A method according to Aspect 12, wherein sending the first uplink message includes: sending the first uplink message based at least in part on a spatial precoder associated with the rank of the reference signal resource indicator, wherein the spatial precoder is used with different reference signal ports.

[0259] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein receiving the first message comprises: receiving the first message, the first message indicating a usage type associated with the set of reference signal resources including the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0260] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein receiving the second message comprises: receiving the second message including the reference signal resource indicator, wherein the second message configures an uplink transmission configuration indicator state for the UE.

[0261] Aspect 16: A method for performing wireless communications at a network entity, the method comprising: sending a first message, the first message indicating a reference signal resource set including multiple reference signal resources associated with a TDM scheme; receiving multiple reference signals using at least a portion of the multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme; sending a second message, the second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources among the multiple reference signal resources; and receiving a first uplink message using a first uplink transmit beam, the first uplink transmit beam being at least partially based on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

[0262] Aspect 17: According to the method of Aspect 16, the method also includes: sending a third message, the third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource among the two or more reference signal resources among the multiple reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource; and receiving a second uplink message using a second uplink transmit beam, the second uplink transmit beam being at least partially based on a second beam set corresponding to the at least one reference signal resource among the two or more reference signal resources and the third reference signal resource.

[0263] Aspect 18: A method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 17, wherein receiving the multiple reference signals comprises: receiving the multiple reference signals using at least the portion of the multiple reference signal resources according to the TDM scheme and multiple time-varying spatial pre-decoders associated with the multiple reference signal resources.

[0264] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 18, wherein the multiple time-varying spatial precoders are different for different transmission occasions of the multiple reference signals, wherein the multiple reference signals are transmitted periodically or semi-persistently.

[0265] Aspect 20: A method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 19, wherein sending the first message comprises: sending the first message, the first message indicating a codebook identifying multiple time-varying spatial pre-decoders associated with the multiple reference signal resources of the reference signal resource set.

[0266] Aspect 21: The method according to aspect 20, wherein the codebook is time-varying based at least in part on an indication from the network entity or the UE.

[0267] Aspect 22: A method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 21, wherein sending the first message includes: sending the first message, the first message indicating the output of a machine learning model identifying multiple time-varying spatial predecoders associated with the multiple reference signal resources of the reference signal resource set.

[0268] Aspect 23: A method according to Aspect 22, wherein the machine learning model is time-varying based at least in part on instructions from the network entity or UE.

[0269] Aspect 24: A method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 23, wherein sending the second message includes: sending the second message, the second message including the reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of the two or more reference signal resources among the multiple reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources are associated with one or more transmission opportunities.

[0270] Aspect 25: A method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 24, wherein sending the second message comprises: sending the second message, the second message comprising the reference signal resource indicator indicating the two or more reference signal resources and comprising a rank of the reference signal resource indicator.

[0271] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 16 to 25, wherein sending the first message comprises: sending the first message, the first message indicating a usage type associated with the set of reference signal resources including the plurality of reference signal resources.

[0272] Aspect 27: A method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 26, wherein sending the second message comprises: sending the second message including the reference signal resource indicator, wherein the second message configures an uplink transmission configuration indicator state for the UE.

[0273] Aspect 28: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a UE, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the UE to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15.

[0274] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0275] Aspect 30: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a code for wireless communication at a UE, the code comprising instructions executable by at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0276] Aspect 31: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to cause the network entity to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 27.

[0277] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing a method according to any one of aspects 16 to 27.

[0278] Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity, the code comprising instructions executable by at least one processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 27.

[0279] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the various operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0280] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein, including future systems and radio technologies.

[0281] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0282] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, GPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0283] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. Software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, processes, or functions, whether it is described in software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the function can be stored as one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium, or sent using one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software, firmware, hard wiring, or any combination thereof executed by a processor. The features of the implementation function can also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that the various parts of the function are implemented at different physical locations.

[0284] Computer-readable media include both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another.Non-transient storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer.As an example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, phase change memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage devices, disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transient medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer or a general or special-purpose processor.Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media.For example, if software is sent from a website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable media. Disks and optical disks as used herein include CDs, laser optical disks, optical optical disks, digital versatile disks (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray disks. Disks can reproduce data magnetically, and optical disks can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0285] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a listing of items (e.g., a listing of items with a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive listing, so that, for example, a listing of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). In addition, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on". As used herein, when the term "and / or" is used in a list of two or more items, it means that any one of the listed items can be adopted individually, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be adopted. For example, if a composition is described as comprising components A, B, and / or C, the composition can comprise A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.

[0286] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Additionally, "determining" may include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0287] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference labels.

[0288] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The specific implementation includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0289] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a first message indicating a set of reference signal resources including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a time division multiplexing scheme; transmitting a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of the plurality of reference signal resources according to the time division multiplexing scheme; receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources; as well as A first uplink message is transmitted using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving a third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource of the two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource; as well as A second uplink message is transmitted using a second uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a second beam set corresponding to the at least one of the two or more reference signal resources and the third reference signal resource.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the plurality of reference signals comprises: The plurality of reference signals are transmitted using at least the portion of the plurality of reference signal resources according to the time division multiplexing scheme and a plurality of time varying spatial precoders associated with the plurality of reference signal resources.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The multiple time-varying spatial pre-decoders are different for different transmission occasions of the multiple reference signals; and The plurality of reference signals are sent periodically or semi-persistently.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the first message comprises: The first message is received, the first message indicating a codebook identifying a plurality of time-varying spatial precoders associated with the plurality of reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the codebook is time-varying based at least in part on an indication from a network entity or the UE.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the first message comprises: The first message is received, the first message indicating an output of a machine learning model identifying a plurality of time-varying spatial precoders associated with the plurality of reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the machine learning model is time-varying based at least in part on instructions from a network entity or the UE.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the second message comprises: The second message is received, the second message comprising the reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of the two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources are associated with one or more transmission opportunities.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein sending the first uplink message comprises: The first uplink message is sent based at least in part on a spatial precoder associated with the linear combination of the two or more reference signal resources.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the first uplink message comprises: The first uplink message is sent based at least in part on a spatial precoder output by a machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model uses at least the reference signal resource indicator as an input.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the second message comprises: The second message is received, the second message comprising the reference signal resource indicator indicating the two or more reference signal resources and comprising a rank of the reference signal resource indicator.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein sending the first uplink message comprises: The first uplink message is sent based at least in part on a spatial precoder associated with the rank of the reference signal resource indicator, wherein the spatial precoder is used with different reference signal ports.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the first message comprises: The first message is received, the first message indicating a usage type associated with the set of reference signal resources including the plurality of reference signal resources.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the second message comprises: The second message including the reference signal resource indicator is received, wherein the second message configures an uplink transmission configuration indicator state for the UE.

16. A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a time division multiplexing scheme; receiving a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of the plurality of reference signal resources according to the time division multiplexing scheme; sending a second message, the second message comprising a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources; as well as A first uplink message is received using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: sending a third message, the third message comprising a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource of the two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource; as well as A second uplink message is received using a second uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a second beam set corresponding to the at least one of the two or more reference signal resources and the third reference signal resource.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the plurality of reference signals comprises: The plurality of reference signals are received using at least the portion of the plurality of reference signal resources according to the time division multiplexing scheme and a plurality of time varying spatial precoders associated with the plurality of reference signal resources.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of time-varying spatial precoders are different for different transmission occasions of the plurality of reference signals, wherein the plurality of reference signals are transmitted periodically or semi-persistently.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein sending the first message comprises: The first message is sent, wherein the first message indicates a codebook identifying a plurality of time-varying spatial precoders associated with the plurality of reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the codebook is time-varying based at least in part on an indication from the network entity or a user equipment (UE).

22. The method of claim 16, wherein sending the first message comprises: The first message is sent, the first message indicating an output of a machine learning model identifying a plurality of time-varying spatial precoders associated with the plurality of reference signal resources of the set of reference signal resources.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the machine learning model is time-varying based at least in part on indications from the network entity or UE.

24. The method of claim 16, wherein sending the second message comprises: The second message is sent, the second message including the reference signal resource indicator indicating a linear combination of the two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources, wherein the two or more reference signal resources are associated with one or more transmission opportunities.

25. The method of claim 16, wherein sending the second message comprises: The second message is sent, the second message including the reference signal resource indicator indicating the two or more reference signal resources and including a rank of the reference signal resource indicator.

26. The method of claim 16, wherein sending the first message comprises: The first message is sent, the first message indicating a usage type associated with the set of reference signal resources including the plurality of reference signal resources.

27. The method of claim 16, wherein sending the second message comprises: The second message including the reference signal resource indicator is sent, wherein the second message configures an uplink transmission configuration indicator state for the UE.

28. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the UE to: receiving a first message indicating a set of reference signal resources including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a time division multiplexing scheme; transmitting a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of the plurality of reference signal resources according to the time division multiplexing scheme; receiving a second message including a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources; as well as A first uplink message is transmitted using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the instructions are further executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to: receiving a third message including a second reference signal resource indicator indicating at least one reference signal resource of the two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources and a third reference signal resource; and A second uplink message is transmitted using a second uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a second beam set corresponding to the at least one of the two or more reference signal resources and the third reference signal resource.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the network entity to: sending a first message indicating a reference signal resource set including a plurality of reference signal resources associated with a time division multiplexing scheme; receiving a plurality of reference signals using at least a portion of the plurality of reference signal resources according to the time division multiplexing scheme; sending a second message, the second message comprising a reference signal resource indicator indicating two or more reference signal resources of the plurality of reference signal resources; as well as A first uplink message is received using a first uplink transmit beam based at least in part on a beam set corresponding to the two or more reference signal resources.

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