Method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations in operation of a liquid metal battery module

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of grid energy storage batteries, and discloses a method for inhibiting internal temperature fluctuation of a liquid metal battery module in operation, which comprises the following steps: obtaining the internal temperature change of the liquid metal battery module with time and the internal temperature distribution in the operation process of the liquid metal battery module based on the operation condition of the battery pack and a thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module; reducing the discharge rate of the battery in the region with higher temperature or adjusting the battery in the region with higher temperature to the charging condition, or / and, increasing the discharge rate of the battery in the region with lower temperature or adjusting the battery in the region with lower temperature to the discharging condition, so as to change the charging and discharging current size of the liquid metal battery module at different moments and realize the inhibition of the internal temperature fluctuation. The application obtains the temperature change and temperature distribution of the battery pack by calculating the heat generation in the battery operation process and the heat dissipation of the battery module to the outside, and solves the problem of large temperature fluctuation range in the module by regulating and controlling the charging and discharging conditions of the liquid metal battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grid energy storage battery technology, and more specifically, relates to a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during the operation of a liquid metal battery module. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are a cost-effective and efficient electrochemical energy storage technology that has emerged in recent years, providing a new option for grid-scale energy storage. LMBs use liquid metals and molten inorganic salts as electrodes and electrolytes, with liquid / liquid interfaces between the electrodes and electrolyte. Operating at temperatures between 300°C and 700°C, these batteries exhibit ultra-fast charge transport, high rate capacity, and long cycle life. Furthermore, due to their unique structural design, LMBs also offer advantages such as low cost, ease of assembly, and capacity expansion.

[0003] Because liquid metal batteries operate at very high temperatures, the thermal management of liquid metal battery modules must meet the requirement of self-heating. This means that external auxiliary heating power is only applied during the startup process, and once the battery is running, the module's heat dissipation from the external environment is entirely maintained by the battery's own heat generation. Therefore, predicting the internal temperature field of the liquid metal battery module during operation is particularly important for optimizing the design of its thermal management system.

[0004] Liquid metal battery modules experience temperature fluctuations during operation, affecting battery output performance and consistency, ultimately leading to module failure. Current technologies typically use air cooling or liquid cooling to regulate the temperature of lithium-ion batteries. However, lithium-ion batteries and liquid metal batteries have different operating temperatures; liquid metal batteries have higher operating temperature requirements than lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, lithium-ion batteries generally operate under constant power conditions, generating heat, while liquid metal batteries typically operate under constant current conditions, exhibiting both heat generation and absorption characteristics. Therefore, methods for temperature control in lithium-ion batteries cannot be applied to liquid metal battery modules. Currently, there are no methods for controlling the internal temperature of liquid metal battery modules during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations in the operation of a liquid metal battery module, the purpose of which is to reduce internal temperature fluctuations in the operation of the liquid metal battery module.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during the operation of a liquid metal battery module is provided, comprising:

[0007] The charging and discharging currents of the liquid metal battery module at different times are input into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the change of internal temperature and internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

[0008] Based on the internal temperature distribution, the batteries in the higher temperature areas are adjusted to charging mode, and / or the batteries in the lower temperature areas are adjusted to discharging mode, so as to change the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby keeping the internal temperature change over time within a preset upper and lower threshold range, and suppressing internal temperature fluctuations.

[0009] Furthermore, the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module is as follows:

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[0011]

[0012]

[0013]

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017] in, , , These are the density, constant-pressure heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the module material, respectively. For different moments within the module temperature, For temperature gradient, For gradient operators; , , These are the total heat generation power, convective heat transfer power, and heat dissipation power caused by thermal radiation when the battery is working, respectively. , , These are the reversible reaction heat generated by electrochemical reactions during battery operation, the irreversible polarization heat generated by electrochemical polarization, and the ohmic heat generated by the battery's internal resistance. The cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction is... This is the local exchange current density at the positive electrode interface of the battery, used to reflect the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times. The temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential. This is due to battery overpotential. Electrolyte current density, Electrolyte potential The gradient; The convective heat transfer coefficient is... This refers to the outer surface area of ​​the module. This represents the total incident flux of the module materials. , , , These are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material, respectively. For environmental perspective coefficients, The environmental radiation coefficient, The ambient temperature.

[0018] Furthermore, the convective heat transfer coefficient Take respectively , , The corresponding calculation method is as follows:

[0019]

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] in, The heat dissipation coefficient of the top convection of the module. The bottom convective heat transfer coefficient is... The convective heat coefficient of the module sidewall, Rayleigh number, The characteristic length of the outer surface of the module. The viscosity of the ambient air.

[0023] Furthermore, the higher temperature region is the region where the temperature exceeds the internal normal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation, and the lower temperature region is the region where the temperature does not exceed the internal normal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

[0024] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an internal temperature fluctuation suppression system for a liquid metal battery module during operation is provided, comprising:

[0025] The internal temperature change and temperature distribution calculation module is used to input the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the internal temperature change and internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

[0026] An internal temperature fluctuation suppression module is used to adjust the batteries in the higher temperature area to charging mode and / or adjust the batteries in the lower temperature area to discharging mode based on the internal temperature distribution. This changes the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby keeping the internal temperature within a preset upper and lower threshold range and achieving internal temperature fluctuation suppression.

[0027] Furthermore, the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module is as follows:

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[0029]

[0030]

[0031]

[0032]

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] in, , , These are the density, constant-pressure heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the module material, respectively. For different moments within the module temperature, For temperature gradient, For gradient operators; , , These are the total heat generation power, convective heat transfer power, and heat dissipation power caused by thermal radiation when the battery is working, respectively. , , These are the reversible reaction heat generated by electrochemical reactions during battery operation, the irreversible polarization heat generated by electrochemical polarization, and the ohmic heat generated by the battery's internal resistance. The cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction is... This is the local exchange current density at the positive electrode interface of the battery, used to reflect the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times. The temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential. This is due to battery overpotential. Electrolyte current density, Electrolyte potential The gradient; The convective heat transfer coefficient is... This refers to the outer surface area of ​​the module. This represents the total incident flux of the module materials. , , , These are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material, respectively. For environmental perspective coefficients, The environmental radiation coefficient, The ambient temperature.

[0036] Furthermore, the convective heat transfer coefficient Take respectively , , The corresponding calculation method is as follows:

[0037]

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] in, The heat dissipation coefficient of the top convection of the module. The bottom convective heat transfer coefficient is... The convective heat coefficient of the module sidewall, Rayleigh number, The characteristic length of the outer surface of the module. The viscosity of the ambient air.

[0041] According to a third aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, including a computer-readable storage medium and a processor;

[0042] The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions;

[0043] The processor is configured to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to any one of the first aspects.

[0044] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0045] According to a fifth aspect of the invention, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0046] In summary, the above-described technical solutions conceived in this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0047] (1) The method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations in the operation of a liquid metal battery module provided by the present invention adjusts the battery operating conditions based on the current operating conditions of the liquid metal battery module (the magnitude of the charging and discharging current at the current moment) and the obtained internal temperature distribution during the operation of the liquid metal battery module. Specifically, for batteries in areas with higher temperatures within the module, the heat release power of the batteries in that area is reduced by lowering their battery discharge rate, or the batteries are adjusted to a charging state to absorb heat; for batteries in areas with lower temperatures within the module, the heat release power of the batteries in that area is increased by raising their battery discharge rate, or the batteries are adjusted to a discharging state to release heat. In this way, by utilizing the heat generation effect of increasing the discharge rate or discharging of the liquid metal battery, and the heat absorption effect of decreasing the discharge rate or charging, the magnitude of the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times is changed, ultimately suppressing the temperature fluctuations during the operation of the battery pack within an ideal range.

[0048] (2) Preferably, the thermal simulation model constructed in this invention includes the heat generation equations for the positive and negative electrode regions ( , The equations satisfied), the heat production equations of the electrolyte region ( The equations satisfied), the heat dissipation equation of the battery surface ( The equations satisfied) and the heat dissipation equations of the outer surface of the battery module ( The equations satisfied fully consider the heat generation or heat dissipation effects of different working areas of the module, improving the accuracy of the constructed thermal simulation model. Based on the constructed thermal simulation model, the internal temperature changes and temperature distribution of the battery module can be predicted through model calculation without conducting a large number of battery module experiments.

[0049] (3) Furthermore, when obtaining the internal temperature change and internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation, this invention considers that the operating temperature of the liquid metal battery is relatively high, and it is necessary to consider its convective heat transfer coefficient with the external environment. However, existing liquid metal battery cells, due to their small size, directly treat the convective heat transfer coefficient as a constant when constructing the corresponding thermal simulation model to reduce the complexity of modeling. However, for the liquid metal battery module, treating the convective heat transfer coefficient as a constant to construct the corresponding thermal simulation model will reduce the accuracy of the model in calculating the internal temperature. Therefore, this invention constructs a new thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module during operation, in which the convective heat dissipation coefficient at the top of the module is considered. h top Module bottom convective heat transfer coefficient h bottomand the convective heat transfer coefficient of the module sidewall h lateral The influence of this, and based on the thermal conductivity of the module material related to the internal temperature during module operation. k Module outer surface feature length L External ambient air viscosity μ The Rayleigh number Ra is used to characterize the various convective heat dissipation coefficients, making the constructed thermal simulation model more accurate and further improving the accuracy of the calculation of the internal temperature change over time and the internal temperature distribution during the module operation.

[0050] In summary, this invention obtains the temperature changes and distribution of the battery pack by calculating the heat generated during battery operation and the heat dissipation of the battery module to the outside, and solves the problem of large temperature fluctuation range within the module by regulating the charging and discharging conditions of the liquid metal battery. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations in the liquid metal battery module during operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the geometric structure of the liquid metal battery module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of battery temperature fluctuation without temperature fluctuation suppression in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of battery temperature fluctuation after applying temperature fluctuation suppression in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations in a liquid metal battery module during operation, mainly including:

[0058] The charging and discharging currents of the liquid metal battery module at different times are input into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module during operation to obtain the change of internal temperature and internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module over time during operation.

[0059] Based on the internal temperature distribution, the discharge rate of batteries in higher temperature areas is reduced or batteries in higher temperature areas are adjusted to charging conditions, or / and the discharge rate of batteries in lower temperature areas is increased or batteries in lower temperature areas are adjusted to discharging conditions. This changes the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby keeping the internal temperature of the liquid metal battery module within a preset upper and lower threshold range during operation, thus suppressing internal temperature fluctuations.

[0060] As a preferred implementation, the area exceeding the preset temperature threshold is a high-temperature area, and the area not exceeding the preset temperature threshold is a low-temperature area. The preset temperature threshold is the internal normal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

[0061] The present invention provides a method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations in liquid metal battery modules during operation. This method adjusts the battery's operating conditions based on the current operating conditions of the liquid metal battery module (the magnitude of the charging / discharging current at the current moment) and the obtained internal temperature distribution during the module's operation. Specifically, for batteries in areas with higher temperatures within the module, the method reduces the battery's discharge rate to decrease the heat release power in that area, or adjusts the battery to a charging state to absorb heat. For batteries in areas with lower temperatures within the module, the method increases the battery's discharge rate to increase the heat release power in that area, or adjusts the battery to a discharging state to release heat. In this way, by utilizing the heat generation effect of increasing the discharge rate or discharging during liquid metal battery operation, and the heat absorption effect of decreasing the discharge rate or charging during charging, the magnitude of the charging / discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times is changed, ultimately suppressing temperature fluctuations during battery operation within an ideal range.

[0062] As a preferred implementation, in this embodiment of the invention, the thermal simulation model constructed based on energy conservation is as follows:

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[0070] in, The density of the module material, The constant pressure heat capacity of the module material. For different times inside temperature, For temperature gradient, For gradient operators, The thermal conductivity of the module material; The total heat generated when all batteries are working. For convective heat transfer and heat dissipation power, This refers to the power dissipated due to thermal radiation. The reversible reaction heat generated by the electrochemical reaction inside the liquid metal battery module. The irreversible polarization heat generated by electrochemical polarization This is due to ohmic heat generated by the battery's internal resistance; This indicates the temperature change inside the module. Indicates thermal conductivity; The cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction is... This is the local exchange current density at the positive electrode interface of the battery, used to reflect the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times. The temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential. This is due to battery overpotential. Electrolyte current density, Electrolyte potential of liquid metal battery The gradient; The convective heat transfer coefficient is... This refers to the outer surface area of ​​the module. This represents the total diffuse radiative flux of the module materials. This refers to the mutual radiation flux of the module materials. The radiation flux of the module material to the environment. This represents the total incident flux of the module materials. , , , These are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material, respectively. For environmental perspective coefficients, The environmental radiation coefficient, The ambient temperature.

[0071] As a preferred implementation, the above-mentioned convective heat transfer coefficient Take respectively , , The corresponding calculation method is as follows:

[0072]

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] in, The heat dissipation coefficient of the top convection of the module. The bottom convective heat transfer coefficient is... The convective heat coefficient of the module sidewall, Rayleigh number, The characteristic length of the outer surface of the module. The viscosity of the ambient air.

[0076] The thermal simulation model constructed in this embodiment of the invention includes the heat generation equations for the positive and negative electrode regions ( , The equations satisfied), the heat production equations of the electrolyte region ( The equations satisfied), the heat dissipation equation of the battery surface ( The equations satisfied) and the heat dissipation equations of the outer surface of the battery module ( The equations satisfied fully consider the heat generation or heat dissipation effects of different working areas of the module, improving the accuracy of the constructed thermal simulation model. Based on the constructed thermal simulation model, the internal temperature changes and temperature distribution of the battery module can be predicted through model calculation without conducting a large number of battery module experiments.

[0077] As a further design of this invention, when obtaining the change in internal temperature and the internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation, this invention considers that the operating temperature of the liquid metal battery is relatively high, requiring consideration of its convective heat transfer coefficient with the external environment. However, existing liquid metal battery cells, due to their small size, directly treat the convective heat transfer coefficient as a constant when constructing the corresponding thermal simulation model to reduce modeling complexity. But for liquid metal battery modules, still treating the convective heat transfer coefficient as a constant in the corresponding thermal simulation model would reduce the accuracy of the model's internal temperature calculation. Therefore, this invention constructs a new thermal simulation model for the operation of a liquid metal battery module, in which the convective heat dissipation coefficient at the top of the module is considered. h top Module bottom convective heat transfer coefficient h bottom and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the module sidewall h lateral The influence of this, and based on the thermal conductivity of the module material related to the internal temperature during module operation. k Module outer surface feature length L External ambient air viscosity μThe Rayleigh number Ra is used to characterize the various convective heat dissipation coefficients, making the constructed thermal simulation model more accurate and further improving the accuracy of the calculation of the internal temperature change over time and the internal temperature distribution during the module operation.

[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, the construction process of the above-described thermal simulation model includes:

[0079] S1. Determine the geometric, electrochemical, and thermal parameters of the liquid metal battery;

[0080] Geometric parameters include positive electrode height, negative electrode height, positive and negative electrode spacing, and positive and negative electrode current collector height. Based on these geometric parameters, the parameters in the above thermal simulation model are determined: module outer surface area. The characteristic length of the outer surface of the module .

[0081] Electrochemical parameters include the conductivity of the electrode material, the diffusion coefficient of the electrolyte molten salt, and its volume fraction. Based on these electrochemical parameters, the parameters in the above thermal simulation model are determined: the electrolyte potential of the liquid metal battery. gradient Total heat generation power of all batteries when they are working The reversible reaction heat generated by the internal electrochemical reaction of the liquid metal battery module Irreversible polarization heat generated by electrochemical polarization Ohmic heat generated by the battery's internal resistance Equilibrium potential temperature derivative Battery overpotential Electrolyte current density .

[0082] Thermal parameters include the battery's specific heat capacity, density, thermal conductivity, and emissivity. Based on these thermal parameters, the parameters in the above thermal simulation model are determined: the density of the module material. Constant pressure heat capacity of module materials Thermal conductivity of module materials Emissivity of module materials Refractive index Stefan-Boltzmann constant Reflectivity Total diffuse radiative flux of module materials Interradiative flux of module materials Module materials' environmental radiation flux Total incident flux of module materials Environmental perspective coefficient Environmental radiation coefficient Ambient temperature Module top convection heat dissipation coefficient htop Module bottom convective heat transfer coefficient h bottom and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the module sidewall h lateral Rayleigh number Ra and ambient air viscosity μ .

[0083] S2. Based on the parameters of the liquid metal battery determined in S1, construct the above thermal simulation model.

[0084] The control equations (heat generation or heat dissipation equations) corresponding to each working region of the model in this embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 1:

[0085] The control equations corresponding to each working region of the model are shown in Table 1.

[0086]

[0087] In this embodiment of the invention, the method of the present invention is further illustrated using a liquid metal battery of the Li||LiF-LiCl-LiBr||Bi system as an example.

[0088] like Figure 2 The diagram shows the geometric structure of the liquid metal battery used in this embodiment of the invention. The battery module comprises 226 batteries across 4 layers and is externally covered with double-layer insulation material. A thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery was constructed, and the charging and discharging conditions within the battery module were set to simultaneous discharging at 40A followed by charging at 40A for 3 cycles. The battery temperature changes during consistent charging and discharging within the battery pack are shown below. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the average temperature fluctuates significantly at different times. The first and fourth layers of the battery module were set to charge at 40A and then discharge at 40A, and this cycle was repeated for three times. The second and third layers of the battery remained under the same conditions, and the temperature fluctuation range of the batteries within the module was recalculated. The calculation results are shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the average temperature fluctuation at different times is smaller after the adjustment.

[0089] This invention fully utilizes the significant difference between the heat generation effect during discharge and the heat absorption effect during charging of liquid metal batteries. By establishing a thermal simulation model of the battery module and regulating the charging and discharging conditions of the module, it effectively solves the problem of large temperature fluctuations during the operation of the battery module.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] This invention provides an internal temperature fluctuation suppression system for a liquid metal battery module during operation, comprising:

[0092] The internal temperature change and temperature distribution calculation module is used to input the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the internal temperature change and internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

[0093] The internal temperature fluctuation suppression module is used to reduce the discharge rate of batteries in higher temperature areas or adjust batteries in higher temperature areas to charging conditions, and / or increase the discharge rate of batteries in lower temperature areas or adjust batteries in lower temperature areas to discharging conditions, based on the internal temperature distribution. This changes the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby keeping the internal temperature change over time within a preset upper and lower threshold range, thus achieving internal temperature fluctuation suppression.

[0094] For the specific implementation of each module mentioned above, please refer to the description of the corresponding steps in Embodiment 1 above, which will not be repeated here.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] This invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method in Embodiment 1 above.

[0097] The electronic device can be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The memory can be used to store computer programs and / or modules. The processor performs various functions of the electronic device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory, and by accessing data stored in the memory.

[0098] The relevant technical solutions are the same as above, and will not be repeated here.

[0099] Example 4

[0100] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method in Embodiment 1 above.

[0101] Specifically, the memory may include high-speed random access memory, as well as non-volatile memory, such as hard disks, RAM, plug-in hard disks, smart media cards (SMC), secure digital (SD) cards, flash cards, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0102] The relevant technical solutions are the same as above, and will not be repeated here.

[0103] Example 5

[0104] This application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the steps of the method in Embodiment 1 above.

[0105] The relevant technical solutions are the same as above, and will not be repeated here.

[0106] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations during the operation of a liquid metal battery module, characterized in that, include: The charging and discharging currents of the liquid metal battery module at different times are input into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the change of internal temperature and internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation. Based on the internal temperature distribution, the batteries in the higher temperature areas are adjusted to charging mode, and / or the batteries in the lower temperature areas are adjusted to discharging mode, so as to change the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby keeping the internal temperature change over time within a preset upper and lower threshold range, and suppressing internal temperature fluctuations.

2. The method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module is as follows: in, , , These are the density, constant-pressure heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the module material, respectively. For different moments within the module temperature, For temperature gradient, For gradient operators; , , These are the total heat generation power, convective heat transfer power, and heat dissipation power caused by thermal radiation when the battery is working, respectively. , , These are the reversible reaction heat generated by electrochemical reactions during battery operation, the irreversible polarization heat generated by electrochemical polarization, and the ohmic heat generated by the battery's internal resistance. The cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction is... This is the local exchange current density at the positive electrode interface of the battery, used to reflect the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times. The temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential. This is due to battery overpotential. Electrolyte current density, Electrolyte potential The gradient; The convective heat transfer coefficient is... This refers to the outer surface area of ​​the module. This represents the total incident flux of the module materials. , , , These are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material, respectively. For environmental perspective coefficients, The environmental radiation coefficient, The ambient temperature.

3. The internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The convective heat transfer coefficient Take respectively , , The corresponding calculation method is as follows: in, The heat dissipation coefficient of the top convection of the module. The bottom convective heat transfer coefficient is... The convective heat coefficient of the module sidewall, Rayleigh number, The characteristic length of the outer surface of the module. The viscosity of the ambient air.

4. The method for suppressing internal temperature fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The higher temperature region is the region where the temperature exceeds the internal normal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation, and the lower temperature region is the region where the temperature does not exceed the internal normal operating temperature of the liquid metal battery module during operation.

5. An internal temperature fluctuation suppression system for a liquid metal battery module during operation, characterized in that, include: The internal temperature change and temperature distribution calculation module is used to input the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times into the thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module to obtain the internal temperature change and internal temperature distribution of the liquid metal battery module during operation. An internal temperature fluctuation suppression module is used to adjust the batteries in the higher temperature area to charging mode and / or adjust the batteries in the lower temperature area to discharging mode based on the internal temperature distribution. This changes the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times, thereby keeping the internal temperature within a preset upper and lower threshold range and achieving internal temperature fluctuation suppression.

6. The internal temperature fluctuation suppression system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thermal simulation model of the liquid metal battery module is as follows: in, , , These are the density, constant-pressure heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the module material, respectively. For different moments within the module temperature, For temperature gradient, For gradient operators; , , These are the total heat generation power, convective heat transfer power, and heat dissipation power caused by thermal radiation when the battery is working, respectively. , , These are the reversible reaction heat generated by electrochemical reactions during battery operation, the irreversible polarization heat generated by electrochemical polarization, and the ohmic heat generated by the battery's internal resistance. The cross-sectional area of ​​the battery reaction is... This is the local exchange current density at the positive electrode interface of the battery, used to reflect the charging and discharging current of the liquid metal battery module at different times. The temperature derivative of the equilibrium potential. This is due to battery overpotential. Electrolyte current density, Electrolyte potential The gradient; The convective heat transfer coefficient is... This refers to the outer surface area of ​​the module. This represents the total incident flux of the module materials. , , , These are the emissivity, refractive index, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and reflectivity of the module material, respectively. For environmental perspective coefficients, The environmental radiation coefficient, The ambient temperature.

7. The internal temperature fluctuation suppression system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The convective heat transfer coefficient Take respectively , , The corresponding calculation method is as follows: in, The heat dissipation coefficient of the top convection of the module. The bottom convective heat transfer coefficient is... The convective heat coefficient of the module sidewall, Rayleigh number, The characteristic length of the outer surface of the module. The viscosity of the ambient air.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes computer-readable storage media and processors; The computer-readable storage medium is used to store executable instructions; The processor is used to read executable instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium and execute the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to any one of claims 1-4.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the internal temperature fluctuation suppression method according to any one of claims 1-4.

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