A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches, which includes the following steps: S1. Soil improvement, S2. Seedling cultivation, S3. Seedling planting, S4. Seedling replanting, S5. Setting up a bank protection device, S6. Pest and disease control. The soil structure is improved and the soil salinity is reduced by using a soil conditioner. The seedlings are salt-resistant acclimated by gradually increasing the salinity of the irrigation water to improve the salt resistance of the seedlings. The use of organic fertilizers, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide provides nutrients for the seedlings, regulates the osmotic balance in the plants, regulates the opening and closing of stomata, and regulates the plasticity of the cell wall, thereby enhancing the salt resistance of the plants. By inoculating the roots of the seedlings with Thalassohalophilus sp. and Proteobacteria, a symbiotic relationship is formed with the roots of the plants to form a microbial community, improving the absorption efficiency of nutrients in the soil by the plants. The present invention improves the planting survival rate and the plant growth rate through the overall synergistic effect of multiple pathways, thereby enhancing the biodiversity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide flats. Background Art

[0002] Mangroves, this unique tropical coastal forest belt, are a beautiful landscape in nature. They are mainly distributed in the coastal intertidal zones of the tropics and subtropics. Mangroves are not only a natural barrier for the coastline, capable of preventing wind and sand and purifying seawater, but also a habitat for numerous marine organisms, playing a crucial role in maintaining the marine ecological balance. However, in recent years, due to the influence of human activities, mangroves are facing serious threats. Activities such as land reclamation and pond enclosure, aquaculture pollution, and overfishing have led to a continuous reduction in the area of mangroves and a gradual degradation of their ecological functions. This not only affects the living safety of coastal residents but also destroys marine biodiversity and has an adverse impact on global climate change. Therefore, the ecological restoration of mangroves is extremely urgent. Restoring mangroves means restoring their functions of preventing wind and sand and purifying the environment, providing a broader habitat for marine organisms, and at the same time providing a safer living environment for humans. In addition, mangroves are important carbon sinks, which are of great significance for alleviating global warming. Therefore, the ecological restoration of mangroves is not only related to the ecological environment but also a strong guarantee for the future sustainable development of the earth. Among them, due to the intensive human activities in the high-tide flat area, the damage to mangroves is more serious. And due to the high salinity and strong wave scouring in the high-tide flat area, the survival rate of mangrove seedlings during restoration is low, and there is currently no specific restoration method for mangroves in high-salinity high-tide flats. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide flats to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide flats, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle a soil conditioner on the high-salinity high-tide flat area to be restored, and plow the soil to make the soil conditioner evenly mixed with the soil;

[0006] S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be restored as seedlings for cultivation. Mix the soil, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the area to be restored evenly to make a cultivation soil. Plant the true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants in the cultivation soil, and cultivate them into true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings with a seedling height of 40-50 cm;

[0007] S3. Seedling planting: Dig planting holes, apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, brassinolide into the planting holes and cover the soil for planting. After the morning ebb tide, mix and plant true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings; Interplant one or several combinations of Suaeda glauca, Atriplex maximowicziana, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Marchantia polymorpha, Funaria hygrometrica under the seedlings;

[0008] S4. Seedling replanting: Within 30 - 50 days after planting, replant the plant seedlings that did not survive;

[0009] S5. Set up a shore protection device: Set up a shore protection device 80 - 100 cm away from the shore in the area to be repaired. The shore protection device is an oyster reef;

[0010] S6. Pest control: Control against Conopomorpha thalassiae, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Parasa lepida, Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli, and conduct control by combining physical control and chemical control.

[0011] Further, the soil conditioner in S1 is composed of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria with a mass ratio of (4 - 6):(3 - 5):(2 - 4):(3 - 5):(0.5 - 1.0):(0.5 - 1.0), and the application amount of the soil conditioner is 150 - 200 kg / mu.

[0012] Further, in S2, the true mangrove plants are at least 2 combinations of Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora stylosa, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia caseolaris, etc., and the semi-mangrove plants are one or several combinations of Heritiera littoralis, Pongamia pinnata, Premna serratifolia, Cerbera manghas, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Thespesia populnea.

[0013] Further, in S2, the mass - volume ratio g / mL of the soil to be repaired, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil is (10 - 12):(4 - 6):(0.5 - 1.0):(0.4 - 0.6):(0.4 - 0.6).

[0014] Further, when cultivating the seedlings in S2, inoculate Rhodohalobacter terpenoidivorans and Proteobacteria at the roots of the seedlings. The Proteobacteria is extracted from the soil in the area to be repaired, and the Proteobacteria is one of α - Proteobacteria, β - Proteobacteria, and γ - Proteobacteria.

[0015] Further, when cultivating the seedlings in S2, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 5 - 10‰ in the 1st - 2nd week of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 11 - 15‰ in the 3rd - 4th week of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 16 - 20‰ in the 5th - 6th week of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 21 - 25‰ in the 7th - 8th week of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 26 - 30‰ in the 9th - 10th week of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 31 - 35‰ in the 11th - 12th week of cultivation, and irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 36 - 40‰ from the 13th week of cultivation to the seedlings' maturity.

[0016] Furthermore, in S3, the size of the planting hole is 20 - 25 cm in length, 20 - 25 cm in width, and 15 - 20 cm in depth. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 80 - 100 g, the amount of iron porphyrin applied is 3 - 5 g, the amount of abscisic acid applied is 1 - 3 g, and the amount of brassinolide applied is 0.5 - 1.5 g.

[0017] Furthermore, in S3, the planting density is 300 - 600 plants per mu, and the mixed planting ratio of true mangrove plant seedlings and semi - mangrove plant seedlings is (2 - 3):1.

[0018] Furthermore, in S5, the oyster reefs are set up in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the space between the oyster reefs is filled with oyster shells.

[0019] Furthermore, in S6, physical control is carried out using frequency - vibration insecticidal lamps. The wavelength of the frequency - vibration insecticidal lamps is set to 300 - 400 nm, the installation height of the frequency - vibration insecticidal lamps is 1.8 - 2.2 m, and one frequency - vibration insecticidal lamp is set every 1 - 2 km.

[0020] Furthermore, in S6, chemical control is carried out by spraying biological insecticides. The biological insecticides are composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin with a mass ratio of (3 - 5):(2 - 4):(1 - 2), and the application amount of the biological insecticides is 80 - 100 g per mu.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By improving the soil in the high-salinity and high-tide beach area of the mangrove forest to be restored, the present invention uses a soil conditioner to improve the soil structure, reduce the soil salinity, enhance the soil fertility, and strengthen the water retention capacity of the soil, thereby increasing the survival rate of seedling planting, improving the plant growth rate, and enhancing the biodiversity. When cultivating seedlings, local true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties are selected, which are more adaptable to the local planting environment, reduce the risk of alien species invasion, and improve the survival rate of planting and biodiversity. During seedling cultivation, the salt tolerance of seedlings is acclimated by gradually increasing the salinity of the irrigation water, thereby improving the salt tolerance of seedlings and increasing the survival rate of planting. At the same time, when cultivating seedlings, the soil in the area to be restored is used as the cultivation substrate, which improves the adaptability of seedlings during subsequent planting and also increases the survival rate of planting. During seedling cultivation, by inoculating Halorubrum tebenquichense and Proteobacteria in combination at the roots of the seedlings, a symbiotic relationship is formed with the roots of the plants, and a microbial community is formed at the roots. Under the synergistic action of the microbial community, the absorption efficiency of plants for nutrients in the soil is improved, and the plants are helped to resist salinity and other environmental stresses, thereby increasing the survival rate of planting and the plant growth rate, and further enhancing the biodiversity. During seedling cultivation and planting, organic fertilizers, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide are used. Among them, the organic fertilizer provides nutrients for the seedlings to promote their growth. Iron porphyrin participates in regulating the osmotic balance in plants and helps cells maintain normal physiological functions, thereby improving the adaptability of mangrove plants in high-salt environments and enhancing the stress resistance and survival rate of plants. Abscisic acid can reduce water evaporation by regulating the opening and closing of stomata, helping plants maintain water balance and improving the adaptability of plants to high-salt environments. Brassinolide regulates the plasticity of the cell wall and increases the elongation ability of cells, thereby helping mangrove plants grow normally under high-salt conditions. When preventing and controlling pests and diseases in the present invention, physical control and chemical control are combined, and an insecticide composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin is used, which can effectively kill pests and is non-toxic to organisms in the water area, helping to promote the healthy growth of plants and maintain biodiversity. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] To better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0025] Embodiment 1

[0026] A method for ecological restoration of high-salinity and high-tide beach mangroves, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle a soil conditioner composed of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with a mass ratio of 4:3:2:3:0.5:0.5 on the high-salinity high-tide flat area to be repaired. The application rate of the soil conditioner is 150 kg / mu, and then plow the soil to mix the soil conditioner evenly with the soil.

[0028] S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be repaired as seedlings for cultivation. Among them, the true mangrove plants are a 1:1 combination of Kandelia obovata and Aegiceras corniculatum, and the semi-mangrove plant is Heritiera littoralis. Mix the soil in the repair area, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide evenly to make the cultivation soil. The mass-volume ratio of the soil in the repair area, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil is 10:4:0.5:0.4:0.4 g / mL. Inoculate the roots of the seedlings with Rhodohalobacter terpenoidicus and Alphaproteobacteria, and the Alphaproteobacteria are extracted from the soil in the area to be repaired. Plant the true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants in the cultivation soil to grow true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings with a seedling height of 40 cm; during seedling cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 5‰ in the 1st - 2nd week of cultivation, irrigate with an 11‰ saline solution in the 3rd - 4th week of cultivation, irrigate with a 16‰ saline solution in the 5th - 6th week of cultivation, irrigate with a 21‰ saline solution in the 7th - 8th week of cultivation, irrigate with a 26‰ saline solution in the 9th - 10th week of cultivation, irrigate with a 31‰ saline solution in the 11th - 12th week of cultivation, and irrigate with a 36‰ saline solution from the 13th week of cultivation until the seedlings are grown.

[0029] S3. Seedling planting: Dig planting holes with a length of 20 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a depth of 15 cm. Apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide into the planting holes and cover them with soil for planting. The application amount of organic fertilizer in each planting hole is 80 g, the application amount of iron porphyrin is 3 g, the application amount of abscisic acid is 1 g, and the application amount of brassinolide is 0.5 g. After the tide ebbs in the morning, mix-plant the true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings. The planting density is 300 plants / mu, and the mixed planting ratio of true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings is 2:1. Sow Suaeda glauca under the seedlings.

[0030] S4. Seedling replanting: Within 30 days after planting, replant the plant seedlings that have not survived.

[0031] S5. Set up a shore protection device: Set up a shore protection device 80 cm away from the shore in the area to be repaired. The shore protection device is an oyster reef; the oyster reef is set up in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the space between the oyster reefs is filled with oyster shells.

[0032] S6. Pest control: Control against Paratalanta pandalis, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Thosea sinensis, and Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli is carried out by combining physical control and chemical control. Physical control is carried out using a frequency vibration insecticidal lamp, with the wavelength of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp set at 300 nm, the installation height of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp being 1.8 m, and one frequency vibration insecticidal lamp being set every 1 km. Chemical control is carried out by spraying a biological insecticide, and the biological insecticide is composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, with the usage amount of the biological insecticide being 80 g / mu.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A method for ecological restoration of high-salinity high-tide mangrove forests, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle a soil conditioner composed of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 5:4:3:4:0.8:0.8 on the high-salinity high-tide area to be restored. The usage amount of the soil conditioner is 175 kg / mu, and the soil is plowed to mix the soil conditioner evenly with the soil.

[0036] S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be restored as seedlings for cultivation. Among them, the true mangrove plants are a 1:1:1 combination of Excoecaria agallocha, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Rhizophora stylosa, and the semi-mangrove plants are a 1:1:1 combination of Pongamia pinnata, Clerodendrum inerme, and Cerbera manghas. Take the soil, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the area to be restored and mix them evenly to make the cultivation soil. The mass-volume ratio of the soil, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil is 11:5:0.8:0.5:0.5 g / mL. Inoculate the roots of the seedlings with Salinibacter ruber and β-proteobacteria, and the β-proteobacteria are extracted from the soil in the area to be restored. Plant the true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants in the cultivation soil to cultivate true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings with a seedling height of 45 cm; during seedling cultivation, a saline solution with a salinity of 7.5‰ is irrigated in the 1st - 2nd week of cultivation, a saline solution with a salinity of 13‰ is irrigated in the 3rd - 4th week of cultivation, a saline solution with a salinity of 18‰ is irrigated in the 5th - 6th week of cultivation, a saline solution with a salinity of 23‰ is irrigated in the 7th - 8th week of cultivation, a saline solution with a salinity of 28‰ is irrigated in the 9th - 10th week of cultivation, a saline solution with a salinity of 33‰ is irrigated in the 11th - 12th week of cultivation, and a saline solution with a salinity of 38‰ is irrigated from the 13th week of cultivation to the completion of seedling cultivation.

[0037] S3. Seedling planting: Dig planting holes with a length of 22 cm, a width of 22 cm, and a depth of 17 cm. Apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide into the planting holes and cover them with soil for planting. The application amount of organic fertilizer in each planting hole is 90 g, the application amount of iron porphyrin is 4 g, the application amount of abscisic acid is 2 g, and the application amount of brassinolide is 1.0 g. Mix and plant true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings after the morning ebb tide. The planting density is 450 plants per mu, and the mixed planting ratio of true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings is 2.5:1. Interplant Sesuvium portulacastrum, Ipomoea pes-caprae, and Marchantia polymorpha under the seedlings.

[0038] S4. Seedling replanting: Within 40 days after planting, replant the plant seedlings that have not survived.

[0039] S5. Set up a shore protection device: Set up a shore protection device 90 cm away from the shore in the area to be repaired. The shore protection device is an oyster reef; the oyster reef is set up in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the space between the oyster reefs is filled with oyster shells.

[0040] S6. Pest and disease control: Control Conopomorpha thalassiae, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Parasa lepida, and Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli, and adopt a combination of physical control and chemical control. Physical control is carried out using a frequency vibration insecticidal lamp, and the wavelength of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set to 350 nm. The installation height of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is 2.0 m, and one frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set every 1.5 km. Chemical control is to spray a biological insecticide, and the biological insecticide is composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin with a mass ratio of 4:3:1.5. The usage amount of the biological insecticide is 90 g per mu.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A method for ecological restoration of high-salinity high-tide beach mangroves, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle a soil conditioner composed of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with a mass ratio of 6:5:4:5:1.0:1.0 in the area of high-salinity high-tide beach to be repaired. The usage amount of the soil conditioner is 200 kg per mu, and plow the soil to make the soil conditioner evenly mixed with the soil.

[0044] S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be restored as seedlings for cultivation, among which the true mangrove plants are a 1:1 combination of hornberry and sea mulberry, and the semi-mangrove plants are a 1:1 combination of yellow hibiscus and Yangye Xiaojin. Take the soil from the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide and mix them evenly to make a cultivation soil. The mass volume ratio of soil from the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil is 12:6:1.0:0.6:0.6. Inoculate the roots of the seedlings with Terbanzih salt red bacteria and γ-proteobacteria, and the γ-proteobacteria are extracted from the soil in the area to be restored. The true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants were planted in cultivation soil and cultivated into true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings with a seedling height of 50 cm; when cultivating the seedlings, watered with a saline solution with a salinity of 10‰ in the 1st to 2nd week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 15‰ in the 3rd to 4th week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 20‰ in the 5th to 6th week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 25‰ in the 7th to 8th week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 30‰ in the 9th to 10th week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 35‰ in the 11th to 12th week of cultivation, and watered with a saline solution of 40‰ from the 13th week of cultivation until the seedlings are cultivated.

[0045] S3. Seedling planting: dig a planting hole of 25cm in length, 25cm in width and 20cm in depth, apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid and brassinolide into the planting hole and cover the soil for planting. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 100g, the amount of iron porphyrin applied is 5g, the amount of abscisic acid applied is 3g, and the amount of brassinolide applied is 1.5g. After the tide recedes in the morning, the real mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings are mixed and planted, with a planting density of 600 trees / mu, and the mixed planting ratio of real mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings is 3:1. Seahorse teeth and gourd moss are interplanted under the seedlings.

[0046] S4. Replanting of seedlings: Replant the unsuccessful seedlings within 50 days after planting.

[0047] S5. Set up bank protection devices: Set up bank protection devices 100 cm offshore from the area to be repaired. The bank protection devices are oyster reefs. The oyster reefs are set up in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the space between the oyster reefs is filled with oyster shells.

[0048] S6. Pest and disease control: For the prevention and control of the sea olive female tumor moth, the tung tree hairy jawed moth, the beautiful green caterpillar, and the white shield scale of Cox, physical control and chemical control are combined. Physical control is to use frequency vibration insecticidal lamps for prevention and control, and the wavelength of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set to 400nm. The installation height of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is 2.2m, and one frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set every 2km. Chemical control is to spray biological insecticides, and the biological insecticides are composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin in a mass ratio of 5:4:2, and the amount of biological insecticides used is 100g / mu.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] This comparative example is compared with Example 2. The difference lies in that in S2, the seedling cultivation soil consists of the soil in the restoration area and organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 12:6. In S3, only organic fertilizer is applied into the planting holes, and the application amount of organic fertilizer for each planting hole is 90 g.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] This comparative example is compared with Example 2. The difference lies in that in S2, the seedling cultivation soil consists of the soil in the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, abscisic acid, and brassinolide with a mass-volume ratio of g / mL of 12:6:0.6:0.6. In S3, organic fertilizer, abscisic acid, and brassinolide are applied into the planting holes. The application amount of organic fertilizer for each planting hole is 90 g, the application amount of abscisic acid is 2 g, and the application amount of brassinolide is 1 g.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] This comparative example is compared with Example 2. The difference lies in that during the seedling cultivation in S2, no fungi are inoculated at the roots of the seedlings.

[0055] Comparative Example 4

[0056] This comparative example is compared with Example 2. The difference lies in that during the seedling cultivation in S2, tap water is used for irrigation.

[0057] Comparative Example 5

[0058] This comparative example is compared with Example 2. The difference lies in that in the high-salinity high-tide flat mangrove ecological restoration method, the soil improvement step is not carried out, that is, no soil conditioner is used to improve the soil in the high-salinity high-tide flat area.

[0059] Verification of restoration effect

[0060] In the high-salinity high-tide flat mangrove area to be restored selected in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, it is divided into 8 plots with equal areas, and the mangrove ecological restoration is carried out respectively according to the restoration methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5. One year later, the survival rate of the first seedling planting in the restored mangrove forest (the replanted ones are not included in the statistics), the average plant height, and the newly added biological quantity are statistically analyzed, and the statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 1, the iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide used in seedling cultivation and planting in Example 2. Among them, iron porphyrin participates in regulating the osmotic balance in plants, helps cells maintain normal physiological functions, and thus improves the adaptability of mangrove plants in a high-salt environment. At the same time, iron porphyrin can absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy to provide energy for plants. In a high-salt environment, the photosynthesis of plants may be inhibited, resulting in insufficient energy supply. By using iron porphyrin, the photosynthesis of mangrove plants can be promoted, and the energy production efficiency can be improved, thereby enhancing the growth and survival rate of plants. In addition, iron porphyrin also regulates the hormone synthesis in plants, enabling plants to make more effective physiological responses when dealing with high-salt stress, and further enhancing the salt tolerance of mangrove plants. Abscisic acid can reduce water evaporation by regulating the opening and closing of stomata, help plants maintain water balance, and thus improve the adaptability of plants to a high-salt environment. Secondly, abscisic acid can induce the expression of stress-resistant genes in plants, thereby enhancing the tolerance of plant cells to a high-salt environment. By using abscisic acid, the self-stress-resistant mechanism of mangrove plants can be activated, enabling them to grow normally in a high-salt environment. Brassinolide increases the elongation ability of cells by regulating the plasticity of the cell wall, thereby helping mangrove plants grow normally under high-salt conditions. Secondly, brassinolide can induce the activities of antioxidant enzymes in plants, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, thereby effectively scavenging reactive oxygen species, protecting cells from oxidative damage, and enhancing the antioxidant ability of mangrove plants. In addition, brassinolide promotes the absorption of beneficial ions and the efflux of harmful ions by regulating the activities of ion channels and transporters, thereby maintaining the ion homeostasis in cells and reducing the damage of salt stress to plant cells. Therefore, through the combined use of organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide, the components act synergistically to effectively improve the planting survival rate and the plant growth rate, and further attract the inhabitation and reproduction of organisms such as shrimps, fish, crabs, and birds, improving biodiversity.

[0064] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 2, the planting survival rate, plant height, and the number of newly added organisms all decreased to varying degrees in the absence of iron porphyrin. It can be seen that iron porphyrin plays an indispensable role in the process of restoring mangroves in high-salinity and high-tide beaches. Only through the mutual cooperation of iron porphyrin and other components can the salt tolerance of plants be better improved, thereby increasing the planting survival rate and plant height, and further increasing the number of newly added organisms.

[0065] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 3, during the cultivation of seedlings in Example 2, by inoculating Halorubrum tebenquichense and Proteobacteria at the roots of the seedlings, Halorubrum tebenquichense forms a symbiotic relationship with the roots of mangrove plants, which can help the plant roots better absorb and utilize water and nutrients, and maintain the normal physiological functions of the plants. Halorubrum tebenquichense can also produce some beneficial metabolites, stimulate the growth of mangrove plants, and enhance their stress resistance. When Halorubrum tebenquichense is used in combination with Proteobacteria, the symbiotic effect is further enhanced, and a microbial community is formed at the roots. Under the synergistic action of the microbial community, the absorption efficiency of plant nutrients in the soil is improved, and the plants are helped to resist salt and other environmental stresses. Therefore, the planting survival rate and plant height are increased, and the number of newly added organisms is also increased.

[0066] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 4, during the cultivation of seedlings in Example 2, the seedlings are salt-resistant acclimated by gradually increasing the salinity of the irrigation water, thereby improving the salt resistance of the seedlings. The seedlings that have undergone salt-resistant acclimation, due to gradually adapting to the high-salt environment, when planted in a high-salt environment such as a high-salt high-tide flat, their survival rate and growth conditions will be significantly better than those of the non-acclimated seedlings. When the seedlings can better adapt to the high-salt environment and thrive, they are more likely to attract and support the inhabitation and reproduction of other organisms, thus forming a more complex and stable ecosystem. Therefore, the number of newly added organisms will also increase.

[0067] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 5, the bamboo charcoal powder in the soil conditioner can improve the soil texture, adsorb soil salts, increase soil aeration and water retention, and provide a better growth environment for plant roots. Bentonite can enhance the soil aggregate structure, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, reduce the accumulation of soil surface salts, and help the extension and fixation of plant roots. Sepiolite powder can effectively adjust the pH value of the soil to make it more suitable for plant growth. Humic acid can provide rich organic matter and trace elements for plants, and can also promote the activities of soil microorganisms and improve soil fertility. Azotobacter can convert nitrogen in the air into a nitrogen form that can be utilized by plants, providing necessary nitrogen fertilizer for plants. Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria can convert insoluble phosphorus in the soil into soluble phosphorus, improve the availability of phosphorus in the soil, and help plants absorb and utilize phosphorus. Therefore, through the compounding of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, azotobacter, and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, the planting survival rate and plant height are effectively increased, and the number of newly added organisms is also increased.

[0068] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle soil conditioner on the high-salinity high-tide flat area to be repaired, and plow the soil to mix the soil conditioner evenly with the soil. S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be repaired as seedlings for cultivation. Mix the soil in the area to be repaired, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide evenly to make cultivation soil. Plant the true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants in the cultivation soil and cultivate them into true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings with a seedling height of 40-50 cm. The mass-volume ratio of the soil in the area to be repaired, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil is (10-12):(4-6):(0.5-1.0):(0.4-0.6):(0.4-0.6) g / mL. When cultivating seedlings, inoculate the roots of the seedlings with Halorubrum tebenquichense and Proteobacteria, and the Proteobacteria is extracted from the soil in the area to be repaired. The Proteobacteria is one of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria. In the first to second weeks of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 5-10‰, in the third to fourth weeks of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 11-15‰, in the fifth to sixth weeks of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 16-20‰, in the seventh to eighth weeks of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 21-25‰, in the ninth to tenth weeks of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 26-30‰, in the eleventh to twelfth weeks of cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 31-35‰, and from the thirteenth week of cultivation to the completion of seedling cultivation, irrigate with a saline solution with a salinity of 36-40‰. S3. Seedling planting: Dig planting holes, apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide into the planting holes and cover them with soil for planting. Mix-plant the true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings after the tide ebbs in the morning. Interplant one or several combinations of Suaeda glauca, Atriplex maximowicziana, Ipomoea pes-caprae, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Marchantia polymorpha, and Funaria hygrometrica under the seedlings. The size of the planting hole is 20-25 cm in length, 20-25 cm in width, and 15-20 cm in depth. The application amount of organic fertilizer in each planting hole is 80-100 g, the application amount of iron porphyrin is 3-5 g, the application amount of abscisic acid is 1-3 g, and the application amount of brassinolide is 0.5-1.5 g. S4. Seedling replanting: Within 30-50 days after planting, replant the plant seedlings that have not survived. S5. Set up a shore protection device: Set up a shore protection device 80-100 cm away from the shore in the area to be repaired. The shore protection device is an oyster reef. S6. Pest control: Control against Conopomorpha thalassiae, Dichocrocis punctiferalis, Parasa lepida, and Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli, and carry out control by combining physical control and chemical control.

2. The method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches as described in claim 1, wherein, The soil conditioner in S1 is composed of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with a mass ratio of (4-6):(3-5):(2-4):(3-5):(0.5-1.0):(0.5-1.0), and the usage amount of the soil conditioner is 150-200 kg / mu.

3. The method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the true mangrove plants are at least two combinations selected from Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora stylosa, Ceriops tagal, Sonneratia caseolaris, etc., and the semi-mangrove plants are one or several combinations selected from Heritiera littoralis, Pongamia pinnata, Clerodendrum inerme, Cerbera manghas, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Thespesia populnea.

4. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the planting density is 300 - 600 plants per mu, and the mixed planting ratio of the true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings is (2 - 3):

1.

5. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the oyster reefs are set in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the oyster shells are filled between the oyster reefs.

6. The method for ecological restoration of high-salinity high-tide flat mangroves according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, physical control is carried out by using frequency vibration insecticidal lamps. The wavelength of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamps is set at 300 - 400 nm, the installation height of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamps is 1.8 - 2.2 m, and one frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set every 1 - 2 km.

7. The high-salinity and high-tide flat mangrove ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, chemical control is spraying biological insecticides. The biological insecticides are composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and saponin from tea in a mass ratio of (3 - 5):(2 - 4):(1 - 2), and the usage amount of the biological insecticides is 80 - 100 g per mu.

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