Tunnel support structure and method of use thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, specifically to a tunnel support structure, including a steel arch frame, a constant humidity component and a support component. The steel arch frames are provided with multiple groups from front to back and the steel arch frames are fixed by binding reinforcement bars. An outer template is provided on one side of the steel arch frame, and a constant humidity component is installed on the outer wall of the outer template. The present invention absorbs seepage water through a capillary cover plate under capillary action, and at the same time, water flows from a wet area to a dry area in the inner cavity of the capillary cover plate. The liquid in the capillary cover plate in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell is heated and evaporated by a heating rod, and an exhaust fan generates an airflow to take away the water vapor in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell. After drying, the capillary cover plate can repeatedly perform capillary action to absorb water seeping from the surrounding rock. The humidifying shell can automatically replenish liquid according to the liquid height position in the inner cavity when it is lower than the set liquid level, and at the same time, the liquid is absorbed by the capillary action of the inner capillary plate, thereby evenly keeping the concrete moist.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, in particular to a tunnel support structure and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel support structures play a crucial role in tunnel engineering. They not only ensure tunnel stability and safety but also adapt to varying geological conditions and surrounding rock characteristics through various support methods. Tunnel support is implemented immediately after tunnel excavation and primarily includes anchor bolts, shotcrete, and steel arches. Its primary function is to provide immediate support during the redistribution of surrounding rock stress, preventing deformation and collapse.

[0003] In modern tunnel engineering, support structures are typically constructed using anchor rods, shotcrete, and steel arches. Formwork is installed on the outside of the steel arches, and the formwork structure needs to be fixed and arranged according to the size requirements of the support. Customized support frames are also required to support the formwork, and the support members need to be removed later. This makes the installation and removal of the support members of the support structure cumbersome and impractical.

[0004] At the same time, the construction of the support structure usually adopts a combination of steel arch frame and concrete pouring. In this process, in order to ensure the density and structural stability of the concrete, real-time vibration is an indispensable step. Through vibration, the bubbles inside the concrete can be effectively eliminated, thereby making the concrete and steel arch frame structure closer and improving its overall stability. The current problem is that manual vibration is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0005] However, after pouring concrete, it takes a certain amount of time to dry and solidify. In order to promote the hardening of cement and enhance its strength, appropriate humidity must be maintained during the construction process. Therefore, when the cement is just being constructed, it needs to be watered to maintain its moist state. Even after the initial setting, it needs to continue to be moisturized to ensure that the cement can fully solidify.

[0006] Because the structure of the surrounding rock is relatively loose and its permeability is strong, when the surrounding rock seeps into the tunnel, the seeping water may affect the stability of the initial concrete poured in the tunnel, thereby posing a safety hazard. Therefore, during the construction of the tunnel support structure, effective measures must be taken to control the seepage of the surrounding rock into the formwork gaps to ensure the stability and safety of the concrete. At the same time, traditional manual water spraying requires frequent spraying of concrete, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also often difficult to ensure the uniformity of the spraying area, thereby affecting its curing effect and structural stability.

[0007] Therefore, a tunnel support structure and a method of using the same are needed to improve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the problem of water seepage from the surrounding rock to the gaps in the formwork during the construction of the tunnel support structure, effective measures must be taken to control the water seepage from the surrounding rock to the gaps in the formwork to ensure the stability and safety of the concrete. At the same time, traditional manual water spraying requires frequent water spraying on the concrete, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also often difficult to ensure the uniformity of the spraying area, thereby affecting its curing effect and structural stability. The present invention provides a tunnel support structure and a method of use thereof to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A tunnel support structure includes a steel arch frame, a constant humidity assembly, and a support assembly. The steel arch frames are arranged in multiple groups from front to back and are fixed by tying reinforcement bars between the steel arch frames. An outer formwork is provided on one side of the steel arch frame, and the constant humidity assembly is installed on the outer wall of the outer formwork.

[0011] The constant humidity assembly includes a mounting base, which is provided with two groups and is respectively sleeved on the opposite bottom ends of the steel arch frame. A dehumidification shell is installed on the outer wall of one side of the mounting base, and a humidification shell is installed on the outer wall of the other side of the mounting base.

[0012] Heating rods are arranged in an array from top to bottom on the inner wall of the dehumidifying housing, and an exhaust fan is installed in an array from top to bottom on the side wall of one side of the dehumidifying housing, wherein ventilation grooves are equidistantly opened from top to bottom on the side wall of the other side of the dehumidifying housing, and the heating rods are located between the exhaust fan and the ventilation grooves, and capillary cover plates are sequentially embedded and installed on one side of the heating rod and on the inner wall of the mounting base from left to right, one end of the capillary cover plate passes through the mounting base and extends to the outer wall of the outer template, wherein the capillary cover plate is fixed to the outer wall of the outer template;

[0013] A water injection pipe is installed at the top of the humidifying shell, a partition is installed directly below the water injection pipe and on the inner wall of the humidifying shell, a connecting pipe is embedded in the outer wall of the partition, a limiting sleeve is installed directly below the connecting pipe and on the inner wall of the humidifying shell, connecting holes are opened in a circular shape and equidistantly on the outer wall of the limiting sleeve, a float is slidably connected to one side of the connecting hole and on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve, wherein the float is located directly below the connecting pipe, an inner capillary plate is embedded in the inner wall of the humidifying shell, a humidity sensor is provided on one side of the ventilation groove and at the top of the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell, and the humidity sensor is located on one side of the capillary cover.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the present invention, an inner formwork is provided on the other side of the steel arch frame, a support assembly is installed on the inner wall of the inner formwork, orifice tubes are installed in a circular equidistant array between the outer formwork and the steel arch frame and on the outer wall of the steel arch frame, a closed formwork is provided at the port of the outer formwork, wherein one end of the closed formwork is connected to the port of the inner formwork, and a grouting pipe is embedded in the outer wall of the closed formwork, one end of the orifice tube passes through the closed formwork and extends to the outer wall of the closed formwork, one end of the inner capillary plate passes through the humidifying shell and extends to one side of the steel arch frame, the cross-section of the inner capillary plate is a π-shaped structure, wherein one end of the inner capillary plate is fixed on the inner wall of the inner formwork, and the other end of the inner capillary plate is fixed on the inner wall of the outer formwork, and the steel arch frame is located in the inner cavity of the inner capillary plate.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the support assembly includes a connecting plate and a mounting bracket, the connecting plate is fixed on the inner wall of the inner template, the mounting bracket is arranged directly below the inner template, and universal wheels are respectively provided at the bottom corners of the mounting bracket. The mounting bracket is symmetrically arranged in two groups and a sliding sleeve is sleeved between the mounting brackets. A connecting sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the mounting bracket, and the inner wall of the connecting sleeve is slidably connected to the fixed bracket.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a control panel is installed on the side wall of the fixed bracket, wherein an electric control cylinder is installed on one side of the connecting sleeve and on the inner wall of the mounting bracket, and one end of the electric control cylinder is connected to the fixed bracket, a fixed shell is installed on the top of the fixed bracket, a vibration motor is embedded in the inner wall of the fixed shell, and a fixed block is symmetrically installed on one side of the vibration motor and on the inner wall of the fixed shell.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the cross-section of the fixed block is a concave structure, and an electric telescopic cylinder is rotatably connected to the opposite inner walls of the fixed block, one end of the electric telescopic cylinder is rotatably connected to a rotating rod, one end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to a support plate, and the outer wall of the support plate is fixed on the outer wall of the connecting plate.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the steel arch frame is composed of an I-beam support plate and an arc-shaped I-beam, wherein one end of the I-beam support plate is installed with an arc-shaped I-beam through a connecting welding plate, and the I-beam support plate and the arc-shaped I-beam are respectively provided with multiple groups from front to back and are fixed by tying reinforcement bars between the two, wherein the orifice tube is located on the outer wall of the arc-shaped I-beam.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the reinforcement is located between the inner formwork and the outer formwork, and there is a gap between the reinforcement and the inner formwork and the outer formwork. The spacing between the steel arch frames is 0.6m, the diameter of the reinforcement is φ22mm reinforcement structure, the diameter of the orifice pipe is φ123mm, the length of the orifice pipe is 2m, and the circumferential spacing of the orifice pipe is 40cm.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the control panel is respectively connected to the exhaust fan, heating rod, humidity sensor, electric control cylinder, vibration motor and electric control telescopic cylinder through wires, and the connection method is electrical connection. The support assembly is located in the inner cavity of the constant humidity assembly. The outer template, inner template and closed template are all arc structures, and the outer template, inner template and closed template cooperate with each other to form a closed cavity. The connection between the grouting pipe and the closed template is a connecting structure.

[0021] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the dehumidification shell is located on one side of the outer template, the humidification shell is located on the inner side of the inner template, the exhaust fan and the ventilation groove cooperate with each other to form a one-way airway, and the air flow direction is from the exhaust fan to the ventilation groove, and the capillary cover plate and the inner capillary plate are both plate-like materials with tiny capillary pores.

[0022] A method for using a tunnel support structure, the steps of which are as follows:

[0023] Operation step 1: Set the steel arch frame at the support position of the tunnel, then tie the steel arch frames with reinforcement to fix them. At the same time, an orifice pipe is set on the top outer wall of the steel arch frame, and then the closed formwork is installed at the ports of the outer formwork and inner formwork to fix them;

[0024] Operation step 2: Push the mounting bracket to move the mounting bracket to the supporting position on the universal wheel, and at the same time apply lateral pulling force to the mounting bracket, so that the mounting bracket is laterally expanded on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, so that the support assembly can better support the inner template. Just turn on the switch of the control panel and make the control panel control the electric control cylinder to operate. One end of the electric control cylinder applies an upward thrust to the fixed bracket, so that the fixed bracket moves up on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve. The fixed bracket drives the outer wall of the support plate to be fixed. The connecting plate is attached to the inner wall of the inner template for support and fixation. The support assembly can be supported and fixed according to the structure of the inner template.

[0025] Operation step three: When using a concrete truck to inject concrete through the grouting pipe, when pouring concrete, the control panel controls the vibration motor to operate. When the vibration motor vibrates, the vibration motor drives the fixed shell to vibrate, and then the fixed shell drives the fixed block to vibrate. When the fixed block vibrates, the fixed block drives the electric telescopic cylinder to vibrate, and then one end of the electric telescopic cylinder vibrates through the support plate. Since the support plate vibrates the inner formwork through the connecting plate, the surface vibration of the inner formwork will vibrate the concrete in the inner cavity between the outer formwork and the inner formwork, which can effectively eliminate bubbles inside the concrete.

[0026] Operation step 4: Multiple groups of capillary cover plates are provided and attached to the outer wall of the outer template. Since the capillary cover plates are located at the contact point between the outer template and the surrounding rock, when water seeps from the surrounding rock, the capillary cover plates absorb the seepage water under the capillary action. At the same time, water flows from the wet area to the dry area in the inner cavity of the capillary cover plates. At the same time, since the control panel controls the operation of the humidity sensor, the humidity sensor generates data on the humidity in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell in real time. At the same time, the humidity sensor generates an electrical signal which is transmitted to the control panel through a wire.

[0027] Operation step five: When the set numerical parameters are reached, the control panel controls the heating rod to heat the inner cavity of the dehumidifier housing. When the temperature of the inner cavity of the dehumidifier housing increases, the liquid in the capillary cover plate located in the inner cavity of the dehumidifier housing is evaporated by the heat. At the same time, the control panel controls the exhaust fan to operate, thereby generating airflow from the exhaust fan. The airflow carries away the water vapor in the inner cavity of the dehumidifier housing and discharges it from the ventilation groove. After drying, the capillary cover plate located in the inner cavity of the dehumidifier housing can repeatedly absorb water by capillary action, thereby allowing the capillary cover plate to absorb and discharge water seepage from the surrounding rock.

[0028] Operation step six: First, inject liquid into the inner cavity of the humidifier shell through the water injection pipe. The partition will store the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifier shell. The liquid will flow to the bottom of the inner cavity of the humidifier shell through the connecting pipe. When there is more liquid in the humidifier shell, the liquid will generate buoyancy on the float, causing the float to float in the inner cavity of the limiting sleeve, and then the float will press against the port of the connecting pipe, so that the port of the connecting pipe is blocked and the two sides of the partition are isolated;

[0029] Operation step seven: The inner capillary plate absorbs the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifier shell through capillary absorption. At the same time, the inner capillary plate is attached to the surface of the concrete. The wet inner capillary plate keeps the concrete moist. When the inner capillary plate absorbs the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifier shell, the liquid level in the inner cavity of the humidifier shell will drop, causing the float to move down and disconnect the sealing effect on the connecting pipe, thereby causing the liquid above the partition to flow through the connecting pipe to the bottom of the inner cavity of the humidifier shell. The above principle allows the humidifier shell in the constant humidity component to automatically replenish liquid according to the liquid height position in the inner cavity when it is lower than the set liquid level. At the same time, the liquid is absorbed through the capillary action of the inner capillary plate, thereby evenly keeping the concrete moist.

[0030] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention can achieve flexible support for the formwork by arranging a support assembly in the tunnel support structure. The position of the installation bracket is adjusted laterally by the sliding sleeve, and the position of the fixed bracket is adjusted longitudinally by the connecting sleeve, so that the support assembly can support and fix according to the structure of the inner formwork, thereby solving the problem that the formwork is supported by a customized support frame, and the subsequent support parts need to be dismantled, and the installation and disassembly of the support parts of the support structure are troublesome and have poor practicality.

[0031] The present invention can realize the support of the inner formwork by arranging a support component in the tunnel support structure, and at the same time, the vibration motor vibrates, thereby causing one end of the electric telescopic cylinder to vibrate through the support plate. Since the support plate vibrates the concrete on the outer wall of the inner formwork through the connecting plate, the bubbles inside the concrete can be effectively eliminated, the concrete and the steel arch structure are made tighter, and the overall stability is improved, thereby solving the problem that manual vibration of concrete can effectively eliminate the bubbles inside the concrete, but real-time vibration is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0032] The present invention arranges a capillary cover plate in a constant humidity component in a tunnel support structure to absorb seepage water under capillary action. At the same time, water flows from a wet area to a dry area in the inner cavity of the capillary cover plate. At the same time, the humidity sensor generates an electrical signal which is transmitted to the control panel through a wire. When the set numerical parameters are reached, the heating rod heats the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell, causing the liquid in the capillary cover plate located in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell to evaporate due to heating by the heating rod. The exhaust fan generates airflow to carry away the water vapor in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell and discharge it from the ventilation groove. After drying, the capillary cover plate located in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell can repeatedly absorb water by capillary action, thereby allowing the capillary cover plate to absorb and discharge the seepage water from the surrounding rock, thereby solving the problem that when the surrounding rock seeps water into the tunnel, the water that penetrates into the template gap may affect the stability of the concrete initially poured in the tunnel.

[0033] The present invention arranges a float structure in a constant humidity component in the tunnel support structure, so that the humidifying shell can automatically replenish liquid according to the liquid height position in the inner cavity when it is lower than the set liquid level. At the same time, the liquid is absorbed through the capillary action of the inner capillary plate, thereby uniformly keeping the concrete moist, thereby solving the problem that traditional manual water spraying requires frequent water spraying on concrete, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also often difficult to ensure the uniformity of the spraying area, thereby affecting its curing effect and structural stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the outer template structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the steel arch structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the support assembly of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the constant humidity component of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dehumidification housing structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the humidification housing structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the A structure;

[0042] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the B structure;

[0043] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the C structure;

[0044] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified schematic diagram of the D structure.

[0045] Figure: 1, steel arch; 2, reinforcement; 3, outer template; 4, constant humidity assembly; 401, mounting base; 402, dehumidification shell; 403, humidification shell; 404, heating rod; 405, exhaust fan; 406, ventilation groove; 407, capillary cover; 408, water injection pipe; 409, partition; 410, connecting pipe; 411, limiting sleeve; 412, connecting hole; 413, float; 414, inner capillary plate; 415, humidity sensor; 5, inner template; 6, support Support assembly; 601, connecting plate; 602, mounting bracket; 603, universal wheel; 604, sliding sleeve; 605, connecting sleeve; 606, fixed bracket; 607, control panel; 608, electric cylinder; 609, fixed shell; 610, vibration motor; 611, fixed block; 612, electric telescopic cylinder; 613, rotating rod; 614, support plate; 7, orifice pipe; 8, closed formwork; 9, grouting pipe; 10, I-beam support plate; 11, curved I-beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example: See Figure 1-11 A tunnel support structure and a method for using the same are shown, comprising a steel arch frame 1, wherein the steel arch frame 1 is provided with multiple groups from front to back and the steel arch frames 1 are fixed by tying reinforcement bars 2, an outer formwork 3 is provided on one side of the steel arch frame 1, a constant humidity assembly 4 is installed on the outer wall of the outer formwork 3, an inner formwork 5 is provided on the other side of the steel arch frame 1, a support assembly 6 is installed on the inner wall of the inner formwork 5, orifice pipes 7 are installed in a circular equidistant array between the outer formwork 3 and the steel arch frame 1 and on the outer wall of the steel arch frame 1, a closed formwork 8 is provided at the port of the outer formwork 3, wherein one end of the closed formwork 8 is connected to the port of the inner formwork 5, and a grouting pipe 9 is embedded in the outer wall of the closed formwork 8, and one end of the orifice pipe 7 passes through the closed formwork 8 and extends to the outer wall of the closed formwork 8;

[0048] Among them, the steel arch frame 1 is composed of an I-beam support plate 10 and an arc-shaped I-beam 11, wherein one end of the I-beam support plate 10 is installed with an arc-shaped I-beam 11 through a connecting welding plate, and the I-beam support plate 10 and the arc-shaped I-beam 11 are respectively provided with multiple groups from front to back and are fixed with binding bars 2 between the two, wherein the orifice tube 7 is located on the outer wall of the arc-shaped I-beam 11, and the binding bars 2 are located between the inner formwork 5 and the outer formwork 3, and there are gaps between the binding bars 2 and the inner formwork 5 and the outer formwork 3, so that when pouring concrete, the binding bars 2 are just immersed in the inner cavity of the concrete, the spacing between the steel arch frames 1 is 0.6m, the diameter of the binding bars 2 is φ22mm, the diameter of the orifice tube 7 is φ123mm, wherein the length of the orifice tube 7 is 2m, and the circumferential spacing of the orifice tube 7 is 40cm, and the orifice tube 7 is convenient for drilling in the later stage.

[0049] In this embodiment, specific reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 The constant humidity component 4 includes a mounting base 401, which is provided with two groups and respectively sleeved on the opposite bottom ends of the steel arch frame 1. A dehumidifying housing 402 is installed on the outer wall of one side of the mounting base 401, and a humidifying housing 403 is installed on the outer wall of the other side of the mounting base 401;

[0050] Heating rods 404 are arranged in an array from top to bottom on the inner wall of the dehumidifying shell 402, and exhaust fans 405 are installed in an array from top to bottom on the side wall of one side of the dehumidifying shell 402, wherein ventilation grooves 406 are equidistantly provided from top to bottom on the side wall of the other side of the dehumidifying shell 402, and the heating rods 404 are located between the exhaust fans 405 and the ventilation grooves 406, and capillary cover plates 407 are embedded and installed on one side of the heating rods 404 and on the inner wall of the mounting base 401 from left to right, one end of the capillary cover plates 407 passes through the mounting base 401 and extends to the outer wall of the outer template 3, wherein the capillary cover plates 407 are fixed to the outer wall of the outer template 3;

[0051] A water injection pipe 408 is installed at the top of the humidifying shell 403, and a partition 409 is installed just below the water injection pipe 408 and on the inner wall of the humidifying shell 403. A connecting pipe 410 is embedded in the outer wall of the partition 409, and a limiting sleeve 411 is installed just below the connecting pipe 410 and on the inner wall of the humidifying shell 403. A connecting hole 412 is opened in an annular shape and equidistantly on the outer wall of the limiting sleeve 411. A floating ball 413 is slidably connected to one side of the connecting hole 412 and on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve 411, wherein the floating ball 413 is located just below the connecting pipe 410, and the humidifying shell 403 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes 412. An inner capillary plate 414 is embedded in the inner wall, one end of the inner capillary plate 414 passes through the humidification shell 403 and extends to one side of the steel arch 1. The cross-section of the inner capillary plate 414 is a π-shaped structure, wherein one end of the inner capillary plate 414 is fixed on the inner wall of the inner template 5, and the other end of the inner capillary plate 414 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer template 3. The steel arch 1 is located in the inner cavity of the inner capillary plate 414, and a humidity sensor 415 is provided on one side of the ventilation groove 406 and at the top of the inner cavity of the dehumidification shell 402, and the humidity sensor 415 is located on one side of the capillary cover plate 407.

[0052] In this embodiment, specific reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 8 The support assembly 6 includes a connecting plate 601 and a mounting bracket 602. The connecting plate 601 is fixed on the inner wall of the inner template 5. The mounting bracket 602 is arranged directly below the inner template 5. Universal wheels 603 are respectively provided at the bottom corners of the mounting bracket 602. The mounting bracket 602 is symmetrically arranged in two groups and a sliding sleeve 604 is sleeved between the mounting brackets 602. A connecting sleeve 605 is sleeved on the outer wall of the mounting bracket 602. The inner wall of the connecting sleeve 605 is slidably connected to the fixed bracket 606. A control panel 607 is installed on the side wall of the fixed bracket 606. An electric control cylinder is installed on one side of the connecting sleeve 605 and on the inner wall of the mounting bracket 602. 608, and one end of the electric cylinder 608 is connected to a fixed bracket 606, a fixed shell 609 is installed on the top of the fixed bracket 606, a vibration motor 610 is embedded in the inner wall of the fixed shell 609, and a fixed block 611 is symmetrically installed on one side of the vibration motor 610 and on the inner wall of the fixed shell 609. The cross-section of the fixed block 611 is a concave structure, and the electric telescopic cylinder 612 is rotatably connected to the inner wall opposite to the fixed block 611, one end of the electric telescopic cylinder 612 is rotatably connected to a rotating rod 613, and one end of the rotating rod 613 is rotatably connected to a support plate 614, and the outer wall of the support plate 614 is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting plate 601.

[0053] Among them, the control panel 607 is connected to the exhaust fan 405, the heating rod 404, the humidity sensor 415, the electric control cylinder 608, the vibration motor 610 and the electric control telescopic cylinder 612 through wires, and the connection method is electrical connection, so that the device is energized, the support component 6 is located in the inner cavity of the constant humidity component 4, the outer template 3, the inner template 5 and the closed template 8 are all arc-shaped structures, and the outer template 3, the inner template 5 and the closed template 8 cooperate with each other to form a closed cavity to facilitate the injection of concrete. The connection between the grouting pipe 9 and the closed template 8 is a connecting structure, the dehumidification shell 402 is located on one side of the outer template 3, and the humidification shell 403 is located on the inner side of the inner template 5. The exhaust fan 405 and the ventilation groove 406 cooperate with each other to form a one-way airway, and the airflow direction is from the exhaust fan 405 to the ventilation groove 406. The capillary cover plate 407 and the inner capillary plate 414 are both plate-like materials with tiny capillary pores, which can absorb liquid under capillary action.

[0054] When the tunnel support structure of this scheme and its use method are in operation, multiple groups of steel arch frames 1 are provided from front to back, and steel arch frames 1 are fixed by tying reinforcement 2 between them. An outer template 3 is provided on one side of the steel arch frame 1, and a constant humidity component 4 is installed on the outer wall of the outer template 3. An inner template 5 is provided on the other side of the steel arch frame 1, and a support component 6 is installed on the inner wall of the inner template 5. Under the action of orifice tubes 7 installed in a circular equidistant array between the outer template 3 and the steel arch frame 1 and on the outer wall of the steel arch frame 1, the steel arch frame 1 is set at the supporting position of the tunnel, and then the steel arch frames 1 are fixed by tying reinforcement 2 between them. At the same time, an orifice tube 7 is provided on the top outer wall of the steel arch frame 1, and then a closed template 8 is installed at the ports of the outer template 3 and the inner template 5 for fixation;

[0055] Universal wheels 603 are respectively provided at the bottom corners of the mounting bracket 602. The mounting bracket 602 is symmetrically provided with two groups and a sliding sleeve 604 is sleeved between the mounting brackets 602. Only the mounting bracket 602 needs to be pushed to move the mounting bracket 602 to the supporting position on the universal wheel 603. At the same time, a lateral pulling force is applied to the mounting bracket 602, so that the mounting bracket 602 is laterally expanded on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 604, so that the support assembly 6 can better support the inner template 5. At the same time, a connecting sleeve 605 is sleeved on the outer wall of the mounting bracket 602, and the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 605 is slidably connected to the fixed bracket 606. A control panel 607 is installed on the side wall of the fixed bracket 606, wherein one side of the connecting sleeve 605 is located inside the mounting bracket 602. An electric cylinder 608 is installed on the wall, and one end of the electric cylinder 608 is connected to the fixed bracket 606. Only the switch of the control panel 607 needs to be turned on to make the control panel 607 control the electric cylinder 608 to operate. One end of the electric cylinder 608 applies an upward thrust to the fixed bracket 606, thereby moving the fixed bracket 606 upward on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 605. The fixed bracket 606 drives the support plate 614 to fit on the outer wall of the connecting plate 601 for fixation, and the connecting plate 601 fits on the inner wall of the inner template 5 for support and fixation. The support assembly 6 can support and fix according to the structure of the inner template 5, thereby solving the problem that the customized support frame supports the template, and the subsequent support parts need to be removed. The installation and disassembly of the support parts of the support structure are more troublesome and less practical.

[0056] A grouting pipe 9 is embedded in the outer wall of the closed formwork 8, and one end of the orifice pipe 7 passes through the closed formwork 8 and extends to the outer wall of the closed formwork 8. When a concrete truck is used to inject concrete through the grouting pipe 9, a fixed shell 609 is installed on the top of the fixed bracket 606, and a vibration motor 610 is embedded in the inner wall of the fixed shell 609. A fixed block 611 is symmetrically installed on one side of the vibration motor 610 and on the inner wall of the fixed shell 609. The cross section of the fixed block 611 is a concave structure, and an electric-controlled telescopic cylinder 612 is rotatably connected to the inner wall opposite to the fixed block 611. One end of the electric-controlled telescopic cylinder 612 is rotatably connected to a rotating rod 613, and one end of the rotating rod 613 is rotatably connected to a support plate 614. When concrete is poured, the control panel 607 controls the vibration motor 6 10 is in operation. When the vibration motor 610 vibrates, the vibration motor 610 drives the fixed shell 609 to vibrate, and then the fixed shell 609 drives the fixed block 611 to vibrate. When the fixed block 611 vibrates, the fixed block 611 drives the electric-controlled telescopic cylinder 612 to vibrate, and then one end of the electric-controlled telescopic cylinder 612 vibrates through the support plate 614. Since the support plate 614 vibrates the inner formwork 5 through the connecting plate 601, the surface vibration of the inner formwork 5 will vibrate the concrete in the inner cavity between the outer formwork 3 and the inner formwork 5, which can effectively eliminate the bubbles in the concrete, thereby making the concrete and the steel arch structure tighter and improving its overall stability, thereby solving the problem that manual vibration of concrete can effectively eliminate the bubbles in the concrete, but real-time vibration is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0057] A capillary cover plate 407 is embedded and installed on one side of the heating rod 404 and on the inner wall of the mounting base 401 from left to right. One end of the capillary cover plate 407 passes through the mounting base 401 and extends to the outer wall of the outer template 3. The capillary cover plate 407 is fixed on the outer wall of the outer template 3. There are multiple groups of capillary cover plates 407, and the capillary cover plates 407 are fixed on the outer wall of the outer template 3. Since the capillary cover plates 407 are located at the contact point between the outer template 3 and the surrounding rock, when water seepage occurs in the surrounding rock, the capillary cover plates 407 absorb the seepage water under capillary action, and at the same time, water flows from the wet area to the dry area in the inner cavity of the capillary cover plate 407. At the same time, since the control panel 607 controls the humidity sensor 415 to operate, the humidity sensor 415 generates data on the humidity in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell 402 in real time, and the humidity sensor 415 generates an electrical signal that is transmitted to the control panel 607 through a wire.

[0058] When the set numerical parameters are reached, the control panel 607 controls the heating rod 404 to heat the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell 402. When the temperature of the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell 402 increases, the liquid in the capillary cover 407 located in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell 402 is heated and evaporated. At the same time, exhaust fans 405 are installed in an array from top to bottom on the side wall of one side of the dehumidifying shell 402, and ventilation grooves 406 are equidistantly opened from top to bottom on the side wall of the other side of the dehumidifying shell 402, and the heating rod 404 is located between the exhaust fan 405 and the ventilation groove 406, and the exhaust fan 405 and the ventilation groove 406 cooperate with each other. A one-way air passage is formed, and the direction of the air flow is from the exhaust fan 405 to the ventilation groove 406. At the same time, the control panel 607 controls the exhaust fan 405 to operate, thereby causing the exhaust fan 405 to generate air flow. The air flow will carry away the water vapor in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell 402 and discharge it from the ventilation groove 406. The capillary cover plate 407 located in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell 402 can repeatedly absorb water by capillary action after drying, thereby allowing the capillary cover plate 407 to absorb and discharge the seepage water of the surrounding rock, thereby solving the problem that when the surrounding rock seeps water into the tunnel, the water penetrating into the template gap may affect the stability of the concrete initially poured in the tunnel.

[0059] A water injection pipe 408 is installed at the top of the humidifying shell 403, a partition 409 is installed directly below the water injection pipe 408 and on the inner wall of the humidifying shell 403, a connecting pipe 410 is embedded in the outer wall of the partition 409, a limiting sleeve 411 is installed directly below the connecting pipe 410 and on the inner wall of the humidifying shell 403, a connecting hole 412 is opened in an annular shape and equidistantly on the outer wall of the limiting sleeve 411, and a float 413 is slidably connected to one side of the connecting hole 412 and on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve 411 Next, liquid is first injected into the inner cavity of the humidifying housing 403 through the water injection pipe 408. The partition 409 stores the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifying housing 403. The liquid flows to the bottom of the inner cavity of the humidifying housing 403 through the connecting pipe 410. When there is a lot of liquid in the humidifying housing 403, the liquid will generate buoyancy on the float 413, causing the float 413 to float in the inner cavity of the limiting sleeve 411. Then, the float 413 presses against the end of the connecting pipe 410, so that the end of the connecting pipe 410 is blocked and the two sides of the partition 409 are isolated.

[0060] An inner capillary plate 414 is embedded in the inner wall of the humidifying shell 403, one end of the inner capillary plate 414 passes through the humidifying shell 403 and extends to one side of the steel arch 1, and the cross section of the inner capillary plate 414 is a π-shaped structure, wherein one end of the inner capillary plate 414 is fixed on the inner wall of the inner template 5, and the other end of the inner capillary plate 414 is fixed on the inner wall of the outer template 3, and the inner capillary plate 414 absorbs the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifying shell 403 by capillary absorption. At the same time, the inner capillary plate 414 is attached to the surface of the concrete, and the wet inner capillary plate 414 keeps the concrete moist. When the inner capillary plate 414 absorbs the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifying shell 403, This causes the liquid level in the inner cavity of the humidifying shell 403 to drop, causing the float 413 to move downward and disconnect the sealing effect on the connecting pipe 410, thereby causing the liquid above the partition 409 to flow through the connecting pipe 410 to the bottom of the inner cavity of the humidifying shell 403. The above principle allows the humidifying shell 403 in the constant humidity component 4 to automatically replenish liquid according to the liquid height position in the inner cavity when it is lower than the set liquid level. At the same time, the liquid is absorbed through the capillary action of the inner capillary plate 414, thereby evenly keeping the concrete moist, thereby solving the problem of traditional manual water spraying that requires frequent water spraying on the concrete. This method is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also often difficult to ensure the uniformity of the spraying area, thereby affecting its curing effect and structural stability.

[0061] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel support structure comprising a steel arch frame (1), a constant humidity assembly (4) and a support assembly (6), characterized in that: The steel arch frame (1) is provided with multiple groups from front to back, and the steel arch frames (1) are fixed by tying reinforcement bars (2) between them. An outer template (3) is provided on one side of the steel arch frame (1), and a constant humidity component (4) is installed on the outer wall of the outer template (3); The constant humidity assembly (4) includes a mounting base (401), the mounting base (401) being provided with two groups and respectively sleeved on opposite bottom ends of the steel arch frame (1), a dehumidifying housing (402) being mounted on an outer wall on one side of the mounting base (401), and a humidifying housing (403) being mounted on an outer wall on the other side of the mounting base (401); Heating rods (404) are arranged in an array from top to bottom on the inner wall of the dehumidifying shell (402), and exhaust fans (405) are arranged in an array from top to bottom on the side wall of one side of the dehumidifying shell (402), wherein ventilation grooves (406) are equidistantly provided from top to bottom on the side wall of the other side of the dehumidifying shell (402), and the heating rods (404) are located between the exhaust fans (405) and the ventilation grooves (406), and capillary cover plates (407) are sequentially embedded and installed from left to right on one side of the heating rods (404) and on the inner wall of the mounting base (401), one end of the capillary cover plates (407) passes through the mounting base (401) and extends to the outer wall of the outer template (3), wherein the capillary cover plates (407) are fixed to the outer wall of the outer template (3); A water injection pipe (408) is installed at the top of the humidifying shell (403), a partition (409) is installed directly below the water injection pipe (408) and on the inner wall of the humidifying shell (403), a connecting pipe (410) is embedded in the outer wall of the partition (409), a limiting sleeve (411) is installed directly below the connecting pipe (410) and on the inner wall of the humidifying shell (403), and the outer wall of the limiting sleeve (411) is provided with connecting holes (412) at equal intervals in a circular shape. ), a float (413) is slidably connected to one side of the communicating hole (412) and located on the inner wall of the limiting sleeve (411), wherein the float (413) is located directly below the communicating tube (410), an inner capillary plate (414) is embedded in the inner wall of the humidifying shell (403), a humidity sensor (415) is provided on one side of the ventilation groove (406) and located at the top of the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell (402), and the humidity sensor (415) is located on one side of the capillary cover (407).

2. A tunnel support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner template (5) is provided on the other side of the steel arch frame (1), a support assembly (6) is installed on the inner wall of the inner template (5), orifice pipes (7) are installed in a circular equidistant array between the outer template (3) and the steel arch frame (1) and on the outer wall of the steel arch frame (1), a closed template (8) is provided at the port of the outer template (3), wherein one end of the closed template (8) is connected to the port of the inner template (5), and a grouting pipe (9) is embedded in the outer wall of the closed template (8), and the orifice pipe (7) is provided at the port of the outer template (3). One end passes through the sealed template (8) and extends to the outer wall of the sealed template (8), one end of the inner capillary plate (414) passes through the humidifying shell (403) and extends to one side of the steel arch (1), and the cross-section of the inner capillary plate (414) is a π-shaped structure, wherein one end of the inner capillary plate (414) is fixed on the inner wall of the inner template (5), and the other end of the inner capillary plate (414) is fixed on the inner wall of the outer template (3), and the steel arch (1) is located in the inner cavity of the inner capillary plate (414).

3. A tunnel support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support assembly (6) includes a connecting plate (601) and a mounting bracket (602), wherein the connecting plate (601) is fixed on the inner wall of the inner template (5), and the mounting bracket (602) is arranged directly below the inner template (5). Universal wheels (603) are respectively arranged at the bottom corners of the mounting bracket (602), and two groups of mounting brackets (602) are symmetrically arranged, and a sliding sleeve (604) is sleeved between the mounting brackets (602). A connecting sleeve (605) is sleeved on the outer wall of the mounting bracket (602), and the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (605) is slidably connected to the fixing bracket (606).

4. A tunnel support structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A control panel (607) is installed on the side wall of the fixed bracket (606), wherein an electric control cylinder (608) is installed on one side of the connecting sleeve (605) and on the inner wall of the mounting bracket (602), and one end of the electric control cylinder (608) is connected to the fixed bracket (606), a fixed shell (609) is installed on the top of the fixed bracket (606), a vibration motor (610) is embedded in the inner wall of the fixed shell (609), and a fixed block (611) is symmetrically installed on one side of the vibration motor (610) and on the inner wall of the fixed shell (609).

5. A tunnel support structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross section of the fixed block (611) is a concave structure, and an electric telescopic cylinder (612) is rotatably connected to the opposite inner walls of the fixed block (611), one end of the electric telescopic cylinder (612) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (613), and one end of the rotating rod (613) is rotatably connected to a support plate (614), and the outer wall of the support plate (614) is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting plate (601).

6. A tunnel support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steel arch frame (1) is composed of an I-beam support plate (10) and an arc-shaped I-beam (11), wherein one end of the I-beam support plate (10) is mounted with the arc-shaped I-beam (11) via a connecting weld plate, and the I-beam support plate (10) and the arc-shaped I-beam (11) are respectively provided with multiple groups from front to back and are fixed by tying reinforcement bars (2) therebetween, wherein the orifice tube (7) is located on the outer wall of the arc-shaped I-beam (11).

7. The tunnel support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reinforcement (2) is located between the inner formwork (5) and the outer formwork (3), and there are gaps between the reinforcement (2) and the inner formwork (5) and the outer formwork (3). The spacing between the steel arches (1) is 0.6m. The diameter of the reinforcement (2) is a φ22mm reinforcement structure. The diameter of the orifice tube (7) is φ123mm. The length of the orifice tube (7) is 2m, and the circumferential spacing of the orifice tube (7) is 40cm.

8. The tunnel support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control panel (607) is respectively connected to the exhaust fan (405), the heating rod (404), the humidity sensor (415), the electric control cylinder (608), the vibration motor (610) and the electric control telescopic cylinder (612) through wires, and the connection method is electrical connection. The support component (6) is located in the inner cavity of the constant humidity component (4). The outer template (3), the inner template (5) and the closed template (8) are all arc-shaped structures, and the outer template (3), the inner template (5) and the closed template (8) cooperate with each other to form a closed cavity. The connection between the grouting pipe (9) and the closed template (8) is a connecting structure.

9. The tunnel support structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dehumidifying housing (402) is located on one side of the outer template (3), and the humidifying housing (403) is located on the inner side of the inner template (5). The exhaust fan (405) and the ventilation groove (406) cooperate with each other to form a one-way air passage, and the air flow direction is from the exhaust fan (405) to the ventilation groove (406). The capillary cover plate (407) and the inner capillary plate (414) are both plate-shaped materials with tiny capillary pores.

10. A method for using a tunnel support structure according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the steps are as follows: Operation step 1: The steel arch frame (1) is set at the support position of the tunnel, and then the steel arch frame (1) is tied with reinforcement (2) to fix it. At the same time, an orifice pipe (7) is set on the top outer wall of the steel arch frame (1), and then the closed template (8) is installed at the ports of the outer template (3) and the inner template (5) to fix it; Operation step 2: Push the mounting bracket (602) so that the mounting bracket (602) moves to the supporting position on the universal wheel (603), and at the same time, apply a lateral pulling force to the mounting bracket (602), thereby causing the mounting bracket (602) to be laterally expanded on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (604), so that the support assembly (6) can better support the inner template (5). Simply turn on the switch of the control panel (607) so that the control panel (607) controls the electric control cylinder (608) to operate. One end of the electric control cylinder (608) applies an upward thrust to the fixed bracket (606), thereby causing the fixed bracket (606) to move upward on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (605). The fixed bracket (606) drives the support plate (614) to fit on the outer wall of the connecting plate (601) for fixing. The connecting plate (601) fits on the inner wall of the inner template (5) for support and fixing. The support assembly (6) can be supported and fixed according to the structure of the inner template (5); Operation step three: When a concrete truck is used to inject concrete through the grouting pipe (9), when the concrete is poured, the control panel (607) controls the vibration motor (610) to operate. When the vibration motor (610) vibrates, the vibration motor (610) drives the fixed shell (609) to vibrate, and then the fixed shell (609) drives the fixed block (611) to vibrate. When the fixed block (611) vibrates, the fixed block (611) drives the electric telescopic cylinder (612) to vibrate, and then one end of the electric telescopic cylinder (612) vibrates through the support plate (614). Since the support plate (614) vibrates the inner template (5) through the connecting plate (601), the surface of the inner template (5) vibrates, which will vibrate the concrete in the inner cavity between the outer template (3) and the inner template (5), which can effectively eliminate bubbles inside the concrete. Operation step 4: multiple groups of capillary cover plates (407) are provided and the capillary cover plates (407) are attached to the outer wall of the outer template (3). Since the capillary cover plates (407) are located at the contact point between the outer template (3) and the surrounding rock, when water seepage occurs in the surrounding rock, the capillary cover plates (407) absorb the seepage water under the capillary action, and at the same time, the water flows from the wet area to the dry area in the inner cavity of the capillary cover plates (407). At the same time, since the control panel (607) controls the humidity sensor (415) to operate, the humidity sensor (415) generates data on the humidity of the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell (402) in real time, and the humidity sensor (415) generates an electrical signal which is transmitted to the control panel (607) through a wire. Operation step five: When the set numerical parameters are reached, the control panel (607) controls the heating rod (404) to heat the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell (402). When the temperature of the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell (402) increases, the liquid in the capillary cover plate (407) located in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell (402) is heated and evaporated. At the same time, the control panel (607) controls the exhaust fan (405) to operate, thereby causing the exhaust fan (405) to generate airflow. The airflow will carry away the water vapor in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell (402) and discharge it from the ventilation groove (406). After drying, the capillary cover plate (407) located in the inner cavity of the dehumidifying shell (402) can repeatedly absorb water by capillary action, thereby causing the capillary cover plate (407) to absorb and discharge the seepage water from the surrounding rock; Operation step six: first, liquid is injected into the inner cavity of the humidifying shell (403) through the water injection pipe (408), and the partition (409) stores the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifying shell (403). The liquid flows to the bottom of the inner cavity of the humidifying shell (403) through the connecting pipe (410). When there is more liquid in the humidifying shell (403), the liquid will generate buoyancy on the float (413), causing the float (413) to float in the inner cavity of the limiting sleeve (411), and then causing the float (413) to press against the port of the connecting pipe (410), so that the port of the connecting pipe (410) is blocked, and the two sides of the partition (409) are isolated; Operation step seven: the inner capillary plate (414) absorbs the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifying shell (403) through capillary absorption, and at the same time, the inner capillary plate (414) is attached to the surface of the concrete. The wet inner capillary plate (414) keeps the concrete moist. When the inner capillary plate (414) absorbs the liquid in the inner cavity of the humidifying shell (403), the liquid level in the inner cavity of the humidifying shell (403) drops, causing the float (413) to move downward and disconnect the sealing effect on the connecting pipe (410), thereby causing the liquid above the partition (409) to flow through the connecting pipe (410) to the bottom of the inner cavity of the humidifying shell (403). The above principle enables the humidifying shell (403) in the constant humidity component (4) to automatically replenish liquid according to the liquid height position in the inner cavity when it is lower than the set liquid level. At the same time, the liquid is absorbed through the capillary action of the inner capillary plate (414), thereby evenly keeping the concrete moist.

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