A method and system for detecting abnormal interference traces of common receiver point gathers

Abstract

The application provides an abnormal interference trace set detection method and system based on common receiver point trace sets, and belongs to the field of geophysical exploration seismic data acquisition and processing. The method is aimed at the data collected by a node instrument, based on common receiver point trace sets, extracts effective reflection energy and background noise respectively, and detects the quality of the common receiver point trace sets according to the effective reflection energy and the background noise. Through the application, the quality of the common receiver point trace sets can be quickly detected, the reliability of the collected basic data is ensured, accurate basic data is provided for indoor processing, and the working state of the node instrument can be real-time quality controlled, which provides a basis for the collection personnel to timely detect the node instrument.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of geophysical exploration seismic data acquisition and processing, and particularly relates to an abnormal interference trace set detection method and system for common receiver point trace sets. BACKGROUND

[0002] The data collected by the traditional cable geophone can be transmitted back to the indoor in real time, and the indoor data quality control personnel can simultaneously perform quality control inspection on the collected data, and the data collected by the cable geophone is in the form of complete single shot.

[0003] In recent years, the node geophone (also referred to as node instrument) is gradually adopted to replace the cable geophone, and the data collected by the node geophone is stored in the node instrument, and the data can be controlled only after being downloaded and cut after the node instrument is recovered to the indoor, and the node instrument recovered at the early stage cannot be synthesized into a complete single shot, and for the node instrument, the data recovery according to the form of the geophone line is a more suitable way, therefore, the data quality control inspection cannot be performed according to the traditional single shot form, and the data quality control inspection needs to be performed on the common receiver point trace set. Meanwhile, because the node instrument cannot be controlled in real time, the node instrument working abnormally and other factors can cause the received data to be abnormal, that is, the received data has abnormal interference, and therefore, it is necessary to control the quality of the data collected by the node instrument, and the reliable basic data is ensured, and the accurate basic data is provided for the indoor processing. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides an abnormal interference trace set detection method and system for common receiver point trace sets, which can quickly detect the quality of the common receiver point trace sets, ensure the reliability of the basic data, provide accurate basic data for the indoor processing, and can control the working state of the node instrument in real time, and provide a basis for the node instrument for the collection personnel.

[0005] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides an abnormal interference trace set detection method for common receiver point trace sets, which is based on the data collected by the node instrument, extracts the effective reflection energy and background noise based on the common receiver point trace sets, and quickly detects the quality of the common receiver point trace sets according to the effective reflection energy and the background noise.

[0007] Preferably, the method comprises:

[0008] (1) inputting the data collected by the node instrument, and extracting the common receiver point trace set record;

[0009] (2) leveling the common receiver gather to obtain the leveled common receiver gather;

[0010] (3) selecting a time window;

[0011] (4) extracting the absolute amplitude value of each trace in each time window;

[0012] (5) obtaining the average absolute amplitude value of the common receiver gather in each time window;

[0013] (6) obtaining the abnormal interference development index T2;

[0014] (7) determining the abnormal receiver point.

[0015] Preferably, the operation of step (2) comprises:

[0016] The common receiver gather is leveled by formula (1), and the first arrival is corrected to the position of the leveling reference surface:

[0017] St = Q - (1 / V0)*D 0ff *1000 (1)

[0018] In the formula, St is the correction amount of each trace obtained; Q is the leveling reference surface; V0 is the replacement velocity of the work area, in units of m / s; D 0ff is the absolute value of the offset distance of each trace, in units of m.

[0019] Preferably, the value range of Q is 600-2000 ms.

[0020] Preferably, the operation of step (3) comprises:

[0021] On the leveled common receiver gather, two time windows are selected, which are the time window above the first arrival and the time window below the first arrival.

[0022] Preferably, the operation of step (4) comprises:

[0023] The absolute amplitude value of each trace in the time window above the first arrival and the time window below the first arrival is obtained respectively.

[0024] Preferably, the operation of step (5) comprises:

[0025] The absolute amplitude values of all traces in the time window above the first arrival are added and divided by the number of traces to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival;

[0026] The absolute amplitude values of all traces in the time window below the first arrival are added and divided by the number of traces to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival.

[0027] Preferably, the operation of step (6) comprises:

[0028] The average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival is taken as the effective reflection energy, the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival is taken as the background noise, and the anomaly interference development index T2 is obtained by dividing the effective reflection energy by the background noise.

[0029] Preferably, the operation of step (7) comprises:

[0030] A threshold value of T2 is set, and if T2 of a detection point is less than or equal to the threshold value, the detection point is determined as an anomaly detection point.

[0031] In a second aspect of the present application, a system for detecting anomaly interference gathers of common detection point gathers is provided, and the system comprises:

[0032] An input module is configured to input data collected by a node instrument, and extract common detection point gather records;

[0033] A flattening module is configured to flatten the common detection point gathers by formula (1), and correct the first arrival to the position of a flattening reference surface:

[0034] St=Q-(1 / V0)*D 0ff *1000 (1)

[0035] In the formula, St is the correction amount of each gather; Q is the flattening reference surface; V0 is the replacement velocity of the work area, in units of m / s; D 0ff is the absolute value of the offset distance of each gather, in units of m;

[0036] A time window selection module is configured to select two time windows on the flattened common detection point gathers, which are a time window above the first arrival and a time window below the first arrival;

[0037] An absolute amplitude value extraction module is configured to respectively obtain the absolute amplitude value of each gather in the time window above the first arrival and the time window below the first arrival;

[0038] An average value obtaining module is configured to add the absolute amplitude values of all gathers in the time window above the first arrival and divide the sum by the number of gathers to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival, and add the absolute amplitude values of all gathers in the time window below the first arrival and divide the sum by the number of gathers to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival;

[0039] An anomaly interference development index obtaining module is configured to take the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival as the effective reflection energy, take the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival as the background noise, and obtain the anomaly interference development index T2 by dividing the effective reflection energy by the background noise;

[0040] A determination module is configured to set a threshold value of T2, and if T2 of a detection point is less than or equal to the threshold value, the detection point is determined as an anomaly detection point.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that the quality of the common receiver point gather can be quickly detected by the present application, the reliability of the collected basic data is ensured, accurate basic data is provided for indoor processing, the working state of the node instrument can be real-time quality controlled, and the basis is provided for the collection personnel to timely detect the node instrument. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 Common receiver point gather record (sorted according to shooting time sequence);

[0043] Figure 2 The common receiver point gather after leveling;

[0044] Figure 3 Two time windows of the common receiver point gather after leveling;

[0045] Figure 4 The average absolute amplitude value of each trace obtained;

[0046] Figure 5 Abnormal common receiver point gather with T2 value of 1;

[0047] Figure 6 Abnormal common receiver point gather with T2 value of 1;

[0048] Figure 7 Abnormal common receiver point gather with T2 value of 1.2;

[0049] Figure 8 Abnormal common receiver point gather distribution diagram;

[0050] Figure 9 Step block diagram of the method of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings:

[0052] The present application provides an abnormal interference gather detection method of common receiver point gather, which is based on the common receiver point gather and extracts effective reflection energy and background noise respectively for the data collected by the node instrument, and quickly detects the quality of the common receiver point gather according to the effective reflection energy and the background noise, ensures the reliability of the collected basic data, provides accurate basic data for indoor processing, can real-time quality control the working state of the node instrument, and provides the basis for the collection personnel to timely detect the node instrument.

[0053] As shown in the figure, the implementation of the method of the present application is as follows: Figure 9 Example one:

[0054] The method comprises:

[0055] ​

[0056] (1) Input the data collected by the node instrument, extract common receiver point gather records:

[0057] In order to quality control the working state of each node instrument (the node instrument is one-to-one corresponding to the receiver point, and a node instrument is a receiver point) and perform abnormal interference statistics on the common receiver point gather, first, the data needs to be extracted into common receiver point gather records (extraction can be performed by using existing methods, which will not be described here), and the extracted common receiver point gather records are as shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 The common receiver point gather in the figure is sorted according to the shooting time sequence.

[0058] (2) Flat the common receiver point gather to obtain the flattened common receiver point gather:

[0059] The common receiver point gather is flattened, and the first arrival is corrected to the position of the flattening reference surface to obtain the flattened common receiver point gather, as shown in Figure 2 for the convenience of opening the time window for energy statistics.

[0060] Specifically, the common receiver point gather is flattened by formula (1), and the first arrival is corrected to the position of the flattening reference surface:

[0061] St = Q - (1 / V0)*D 0ff *1000 (1)

[0062] In the formula, St is the correction amount of each trace to be calculated; V0 is the replacement velocity of the work area (a basic concept in seismic data processing, which is a constant, and there is only one replacement velocity for a work area, which can be given according to experience, or the linear velocity of the first arrival can be used as the replacement velocity), with the unit of m / s; D 0ff is the absolute value of the offset distance of each trace (self-contained in the collected data, which can be directly read from the collected data), with the unit of m; Q is the flattening reference surface, in order to ensure that the time window above the first arrival is large enough, the flattening reference surface Q should not be too small, and it is unnecessary to be too large, which can be given according to the actual data, and generally the value range of the flattening reference surface Q is 600-2000ms, which is more appropriate, and the preferred value is 800ms;

[0063] (3) Select the time window

[0064] On the flattened common receiver point gather, two time windows are selected, which are the time window above the first arrival and the time window below the first arrival. The first arrival is at the flattening reference surface, for example, 800ms, so the time window above the first arrival can be selected as 0-750ms, so as to avoid the data below the first arrival, which is the background noise segment of the normal receiver point, and the energy is weak, as shown by the upper solid line box in Figure 3 . The time window below the first arrival is selected as 800-1550ms, as shown in Figure 3 ​As shown in the dashed box below, select the location of the effective reflection segment below the first arrival. This segment has stronger energy at a normal detector point and is considered the effective reflection energy segment. The length of the time window below the first arrival is usually determined based on the length of the time window above the first arrival, ensuring that both time windows are the same length. If a length of 0-750ms is selected above the first arrival, then a time window length of 750ms is also selected below the first arrival. If the first arrival reference plane is selected as 1000ms, and the time window length above the first arrival is 900ms, then the time window length below the first arrival is also 900ms.

[0065] (4) Extract the absolute amplitude value of each channel within each time window.

[0066] exist Figure 3 Within two given time windows, calculate the absolute amplitude value for each trace within the time window above the first trace and the time window below the first trace, respectively. For example... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The upper curve represents the absolute amplitude value of each trace within the time window from the beginning to the end, while the middle curve represents the absolute amplitude value of each trace within the time window from the beginning to the end (the absolute amplitude values ​​are obtained using existing methods, which will not be elaborated here).

[0067] (5) Calculate the average absolute amplitude of the common receiver gather within each time window.

[0068] After obtaining the absolute amplitude value of each channel in step (4), the average absolute amplitude value of all channels in each time window is calculated. That is, the absolute amplitude values ​​of all channels in the time window above the beginning are added together and divided by the number of channels to obtain the average absolute amplitude value of the time window above the beginning; the absolute amplitude values ​​of all channels in the time window below the beginning are added together and divided by the number of channels to obtain the average absolute amplitude value of the time window below the beginning.

[0069] (6) Determine the abnormal disturbance development index T2

[0070] The average absolute amplitude value within the time window below the initial arrival is taken as the effective reflected energy, and the average absolute amplitude value within the time window above the initial arrival is taken as the background noise. The effective reflected energy is divided by the background noise to obtain the abnormal interference development index T2.

[0071] (7) Identify abnormal receiver points:

[0072] A threshold value for T2 is set. If the T2 of a receiver is less than or equal to the threshold value, the receiver is determined to be an abnormal receiver.

[0073] For example, if the threshold value is 1, then when T2 is less than or equal to 1, it means that the energy below the first arrival is less than the energy above the first arrival, and the abnormal interference of the common detector gather is relatively developed. That is, the detector is an abnormal detector, and the working status of the node instrument needs to be checked.

[0074] The calculation obtained through step (6) Figure 1 The T2 value of the detector gather in the image is 8, indicating that the energy below the first arrival is 8 times the energy above the first arrival (from...). Figure 1 It can also be seen from the data that the effective reflected energy is significantly stronger than the background noise energy, as obtained through calculation. Figure 5 The T2 value of the common detector gather is equal to 1 (from Figure 5 It can also be seen that the background noise and the effective reflected energy are consistent, and the energy above the initial point and the energy below the initial point are the same.

[0075] Figure 6 and Figure 7 The anomalous interference common detector gathers obtained using the method of this invention are presented respectively. Figure 6 The fact that the amplitude values ​​of each sample point in every common detector gather are the same is caused by a malfunction of the nodal instrument. Figure 7 Common detector gathers for background interference development ( Figure 7 The upper-middle curve is the offset curve, which is close to the initial arrival position. The approximate location of the initial arrival can be determined by this curve. Above the curve is background noise (the background is obviously not clean and the energy is strong), indicating that the nodal instrument is located in an area with severe environmental interference.

[0076] Figure 8 This is a distribution map of the abnormal detector point locations for each detector point gather obtained by the method of this invention. Figure 8 Each dot in the diagram represents a detector point. If the T2 value of a detector point is greater than the threshold value, then the detector point has low anomalous interference and is represented by a triangle; if the T2 value of a detector point is less than or equal to the threshold value, then the detector point has strong anomalous interference, i.e., an anomalous detector point, and is represented by a circle. Figure 8 The distribution map of all detector points after setting the threshold value is displayed. For abnormal detector points, the equipment and acquisition environment at these locations need to be checked in detail.

[0077] The present invention also provides an abnormal interference gather detection system for common detector point gathers, and an embodiment of the system is as follows:

[0078] Example 2:

[0079] The system includes:

[0080] Input module: Used to input data collected by the nodal instrument and extract common detector point gather records;

[0081] Leveling module: Used to level the common receiver point gather using formula (1), and to correct the initial arrival to the leveling reference plane.

[0082] St=Q-(1 / V0)*D 0ff*1000 (1)

[0083] In the formula, St is the correction amount of each trace to be calculated; Q is the flattening reference surface; V0 is the replacement velocity of the work area, in units of m / s; D 0ff is the absolute value of the offset distance of each trace, in units of m.

[0084] The time window selection module is used to select two time windows on the flattened common receiver point gather, which are the time window above the first arrival and the time window below the first arrival respectively;

[0085] The absolute amplitude value extraction module is used to calculate the absolute amplitude value of each trace in the time window above the first arrival and the time window below the first arrival respectively;

[0086] The average value calculation module is used to add the absolute amplitude values of all the traces in the time window above the first arrival and divide the sum by the number of traces to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival, and add the absolute amplitude values of all the traces in the time window below the first arrival and divide the sum by the number of traces to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival;

[0087] The abnormal interference development index calculation module is used to take the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival as the effective reflection energy, take the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival as the background noise, and divide the effective reflection energy by the background noise to obtain the abnormal interference development index T2.

[0088] The determination module is used to set a threshold value of T2, and if T2 of a receiver point is less than or equal to the threshold value, the receiver point is determined to be an abnormal receiver point.

[0089] The present application relates to the data quality inspection technology based on common receiver point gather of the node instrument collected data, which can be applied to the node instrument collected data inspection and quality control and the collected data inspection and quality control of similar receivers. The present application mainly extracts the background noise and the effective reflection energy through the common receiver point gather, compares the two kinds of energy, sets a threshold value, quickly detects the quality of the common receiver point gather, ensures the reliability of the collected basic data, provides accurate basic data for indoor processing, and can real-time quality control the working state of the node instrument, thereby providing a basis for the collection personnel to timely adjust the node instrument.

[0090] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0091] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0092] The technical solution described above is only one embodiment of the present application. For those skilled in the art, on the basis of the principles disclosed in the present application, various types of improvements or modifications can be easily made, and are not limited to the technical solution described in the above specific embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the foregoing description is only preferred, and is not limiting.

Claims

1. A method for detecting anomalous interference gathers from common receiver point gathers, the method comprising: The method comprises: (1) inputting data collected by a node instrument, and extracting common receiver point gather records; (2) flattening the common receiver point gather, to obtain flattened common receiver point gather; (3) selecting time windows; the operation of step (3) comprises: selecting two time windows on the flattened common receiver point gather, which are a time window above the first arrival and a time window below the first arrival; (4) extracting absolute amplitude values of each trace in each time window; the operation of step (4) comprises: separately obtaining absolute amplitude values of each trace in the time window above the first arrival and the time window below the first arrival; (5) obtaining average absolute amplitude values of the common receiver point gather in each time window; the operation of step (5) comprises: adding the absolute amplitude values of all traces in the time window above the first arrival and dividing the sum by the number of traces to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival; adding the absolute amplitude values of all traces in the time window below the first arrival and dividing the sum by the number of traces to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival; (6) obtaining an abnormal interference development index T2; the operation of step (6) comprises: taking the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival as effective reflection energy, taking the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival as background noise, and dividing the effective reflection energy by the background noise to obtain the abnormal interference development index T2; (7) determining abnormal receiver points.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: The operation of step (2) comprises: flattening the common receiver point gather by formula (1), and correcting the first arrival to the position of the flattening reference surface: St = Q - (1 / V0) * D 0ff *1000 (1) In the formula, St is the correction amount of each pass to be calculated; Q is the flattening reference surface; V0 is the replacement speed of the work area; D 0ff is the absolute value of the offset distance of each pass.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: The value range of Q is 600-2000 ms.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: The operation of step (7) comprises: setting a threshold value of T2, and determining that a receiver point is an abnormal receiver point if T2 of the receiver point is less than or equal to the threshold value.

5. A system for detecting anomalous interference traces for common receiver point gathers, the system comprising: The system comprises: an input module for inputting data collected by a node instrument, and extracting common receiver point gather records; a flattening module for flattening the common receiver point gather by formula (1), and correcting the first arrival to the position of the flattening reference surface: St = Q - (1 / V0) * D 0ff *1000 (1) In the formula, St is the correction amount of each pass to be calculated; Q is the flattening reference surface; V0 is the replacement speed of the work area; D 0ff is the absolute value of the offset distance of each pass. a time window selection module for selecting two time windows on the flattened common receiver point gather, which are a time window above the first arrival and a time window below the first arrival; an absolute amplitude value extraction module for separately obtaining absolute amplitude values of each trace in the time window above the first arrival and the time window below the first arrival; an average value obtaining module for adding the absolute amplitude values of all traces in the time window above the first arrival and dividing the sum by the number of traces to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival, and adding the absolute amplitude values of all traces in the time window below the first arrival and dividing the sum by the number of traces to obtain the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival; an abnormal interference development index obtaining module for taking the average absolute amplitude value in the time window below the first arrival as effective reflection energy, taking the average absolute amplitude value in the time window above the first arrival as background noise, and dividing the effective reflection energy by the background noise to obtain the abnormal interference development index T2; a determination module for setting a threshold value of T2, and determining that a receiver point is an abnormal receiver point if T2 of the receiver point is less than or equal to the threshold value.

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