Membrane electrode and its preparation method, fuel cell and electrolyzer

Abstract

This application relates to a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), its fabrication method, a fuel cell, and an electrolyzer. The MEA fabrication method includes: obtaining a proton exchange membrane, an anode layer, and a cathode layer; forming porous permeable layers on opposite sides of the proton exchange membrane; pressing the anode layer onto one side of the porous permeable layer facing away from the proton exchange membrane; and pressing the cathode layer onto the other side of the porous permeable layer facing away from the proton exchange membrane to obtain the MEA.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of terminal technology, and in particular to a membrane electrode and its preparation method, a fuel cell and an electrolyzer. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the fabrication of membrane electrodes, the electrode catalyst layer is usually directly formed onto the surface of the proton exchange membrane, resulting in direct contact between the proton exchange membrane and the electrode catalyst layer. However, due to the special properties of the proton exchange membrane material, it exhibits a swelling shape, which can cause membrane particles to be squeezed into the pores of the electrode catalyst layer, resulting in pore blockage, affecting oxygen transport and discharge, and causing a decline in the performance of water electrolysis. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a membrane electrode and its preparation method, a fuel cell, and an electrolyzer to address the shortcomings of related technologies.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for preparing a membrane electrode is provided, comprising:

[0005] Obtain the proton exchange membrane, anode layer, and cathode layer;

[0006] Porous permeable layers are formed on opposite sides of the proton exchange membrane;

[0007] The anode layer is pressed onto the side of the porous permeable layer that is opposite to the proton exchange membrane.

[0008] The cathode layer is pressed onto the side of the porous permeable layer opposite to the proton exchange membrane to obtain the membrane electrode.

[0009] Optionally, forming porous permeable layers on opposite sides of the proton exchange membrane includes:

[0010] Configure porous breathable layer ink;

[0011] The porous breathable layer ink is coated onto the substrate;

[0012] The porous breathable layer ink coated on the substrate is transferred to the proton exchange membrane by a thermal transfer method to form the porous breathable layer.

[0013] Optionally, the ink configured with a porous, breathable layer includes:

[0014] Ti-based nanoparticles and deionized water were mixed and dispersed by ultrasonic stirring in a water bath to obtain a first dispersion.

[0015] DuPont Nafion D520 solution and solvent were added sequentially to the first dispersion to obtain a first mixture, wherein the solvent included ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol;

[0016] After the first mixture is subjected to dispersion and degassing treatments in sequence, a porous and breathable layer ink is obtained.

[0017] Optionally, the mass ratio of Ti-based nanoparticles, DuPont Nafion D520 solution, deionized water, and solvent is 1:5:1:0.2;

[0018] Alternatively, the step of sequentially adding DuPont Nafion D520 solution and solvent to the first dispersion to obtain a mixture includes: after adding the DuPont Nafion D520 solution and solvent, ball milling at 1500 r / min for at least 30 min to obtain the first mixture;

[0019] Alternatively, the sequential dispersion and degassing treatment of the mixture includes: using an ultrasonic stirring rod to disperse the mixture at a set dispersion frequency for a set duration, and then placing the dispersed first mixture in a centrifugal degassing machine for degassing treatment to obtain a porous breathable layer ink.

[0020] Optionally, obtaining the anode / cathode layer includes:

[0021] Obtain the titanium mesh skeleton;

[0022] One of iridium oxide particles and a carbon-supported platinum catalyst is mixed with deionized water and dispersed by ultrasonic stirring in a water bath to obtain a second dispersion. The iridium oxide particles are used to form the anode catalyst layer ink, and the carbon-supported platinum catalyst is used to form the cathode catalyst layer ink.

[0023] DuPont Nafion D520 solution and solvent were added sequentially to the second dispersion to obtain a second mixture, wherein the solvent included ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol;

[0024] After the second mixture is subjected to dispersion and degassing treatments in sequence, anodic catalyst layer ink or cathode catalyst layer ink is obtained;

[0025] The anode catalytic layer ink is sprayed onto the titanium mesh skeleton, and a polymer layer is sprayed onto the surface of the anode catalytic layer ink to obtain the anode layer; or the cathode catalytic layer ink is sprayed onto the titanium mesh skeleton, and a polymer layer is sprayed onto the surface of the cathode catalytic layer ink to obtain the cathode layer.

[0026] Optionally, the mass ratio of the iridium oxide particles, the DuPont Nafion D520 solution, the deionized water, and the solvent is 1:2.5:0.8:50.

[0027] Optionally, the mass ratio of the carbon-supported platinum catalyst, the DuPont Nafion D520 solution, the deionized water, and the solvent is 1:7:7:50;

[0028] Alternatively, the step of sequentially adding DuPont Nafion D520 solution and n-propanol to the dispersion to obtain a mixture includes: after adding the DuPont Nafion D520 solution and n-propanol, ball milling at 1500 r / min for at least 30 min to obtain the mixture;

[0029] Alternatively, the sequential dispersion and degassing treatment of the mixture may include: using an ultrasonic stirring rod to disperse the mixture at a set dispersion frequency for a set duration, and then placing the dispersed mixture in a centrifugal degassing machine for degassing treatment.

[0030] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a membrane electrode is provided, comprising:

[0031] Proton exchange membrane;

[0032] Anode layer;

[0033] A porous anode layer is attached between the first side of the proton exchange membrane and the anode layer.

[0034] Cathode layer;

[0035] A cathode porous permeable layer is attached between the second side of the proton exchange membrane and the cathode layer, with the first side and the second side being arranged opposite to each other.

[0036] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a fuel cell is provided, comprising a model electrode obtained by the preparation method described in any of the above embodiments, or comprising a membrane electrode as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0037] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, an electrolytic cell is provided, comprising a model electrode obtained by the preparation method described in any of the above embodiments, or comprising a membrane electrode as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0038] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application may include the following beneficial effects:

[0039] As can be seen from the above embodiments, in the membrane electrode prepared by this application, an anode porous permeable layer is provided between the proton exchange membrane and the anode layer, and a cathode porous permeable layer is provided between the proton exchange membrane and the cathode layer. As a result, the membrane particles extruded by the swelling of the proton exchange membrane will enter the anode porous permeable layer and the cathode porous permeable layer, and will not cause pore blockage of the anode catalyst layer contained in the anode layer and the cathode catalyst layer contained in the cathode layer, which is beneficial to improving the permeability of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer.

[0040] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a membrane electrode according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a membrane electrode according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a porous breathable layer according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing an anode layer according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0046] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for preparing a cathode layer according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0048] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0049] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating a membrane electrode according to an exemplary embodiment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the fabrication flowchart of this membrane electrode may include the following steps:

[0051] In step 101, a proton exchange membrane, an anode layer, and a cathode layer are obtained.

[0052] In this embodiment, the proton exchange membrane can be selected according to requirements. For example, the FUMA-FS-990-PK model proton exchange membrane can be used. The selected proton exchange membrane also needs pretreatment to facilitate subsequent processing between the surface of the proton exchange membrane and other layers. For instance, the FUMA-FS-990-PK model proton exchange membrane can undergo hot-pressing treatment. The hot-pressing temperature, pressure, and duration can all be selected as needed. For example, the hot-pressing temperature can be 110°C, the hot-pressing pressure can be 10 MPa, and the hot-pressing time can be 3 minutes.

[0053] The anode layer can be formed by spraying an anode catalyst layer onto a porous transport substrate. The anode catalyst layer contains a noble metal material, which enhances or accelerates the hydrogen oxidation reaction. Similarly, the cathode layer can be formed by spraying a cathode catalyst layer onto a porous transport substrate. The cathode catalyst layer contains a noble metal material, which can enhance or accelerate the hydrogen oxidation reaction and improve reaction efficiency.

[0054] In step 102, porous permeable layers are formed on opposite sides of the proton exchange membrane.

[0055] In this embodiment, a porous permeable layer ink can be pre-prepared, and then a suitable process can be used to form a porous permeable layer on both sides of the proton exchange membrane. For example... Figure 2 The diagram shows a cross-sectional schematic of a membrane electrode, which includes a proton exchange membrane 1, an anode porous permeable layer 2, and a cathode porous permeable layer 3. The anode porous permeable layer 2 is formed on the upper surface of the proton exchange membrane 1, and the cathode porous permeable layer 3 is formed on the lower surface of the proton exchange membrane 1. The ink in the porous permeable layer does not contain precious metal materials and does not participate in or accelerate the oxidation reaction of hydrogen; its function is to transport hydrogen ions.

[0056] In step 103, the anode layer is pressed onto the side of the porous permeable layer that is opposite to the proton exchange membrane.

[0057] In step 104, the cathode layer is pressed onto the side of the porous permeable layer opposite to the proton exchange membrane to obtain the membrane electrode.

[0058] In this embodiment, it is still based on Figure 2 As shown, the membrane electrode may further include an anode layer 4 and a cathode layer 5. In step 104, the anode layer 4 can be pressed onto the side of the anode porous permeable layer opposite to the proton exchange membrane 1, and the cathode layer 5 can be pressed onto the side of the cathode porous permeable layer opposite to the proton exchange membrane 1, thereby obtaining the membrane electrode. The hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing pressure, and hot-pressing time can all be selected as needed. For example, the hot-pressing temperature can be 130°C, the hot-pressing pressure can be 5 MPa, and the hot-pressing time can be 5 minutes. The hot-pressing conditions for pressing the anode layer 4 and the cathode layer 5 can be the same or different.

[0059] As can be seen from the above embodiments, in the membrane electrode prepared by this application, an anode porous permeable layer is provided between the proton exchange membrane 1 and the anode layer 4, and a cathode porous permeable layer 3 is provided between the proton exchange membrane 1 and the cathode layer 5. As a result, the membrane particles extruded by the swelling of the proton exchange membrane 1 will enter the anode porous permeable layer 2 and the cathode porous permeable layer 3, and will not cause pore blockage of the anode catalyst layer contained in the anode layer 4 and the cathode catalyst layer contained in the cathode layer 5, which is beneficial to improving the permeability of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The present invention provides a method for preparing a porous permeable layer formed on the surface of a proton exchange membrane 1, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0061] In step 301, a porous breathable layer ink is prepared.

[0062] In this embodiment, Ti-based nanoparticles and deionized water are mixed and dispersed by ultrasonic stirring in a water bath to obtain a first dispersion; DuPont Nafion D520 solution and solvent are added sequentially to the first dispersion to obtain a first mixture; after the first mixture is dispersed and degassed sequentially, a porous breathable layer ink is obtained.

[0063] The solvent can include ethanol, n-propanol, or isopropanol. The Ti-based nanoparticles can include TiO2, TiN, TiC, etc., and their morphology can be nanospheres, nanorods, or nanotubes. The particle size range of the Ti-based nanoparticles can be between 50 nm and 250 nm. For example, TiO2 nanorods with a diameter of 50 nm and a length of 200 nm can be mixed with deionized water at room temperature (25°C). The mixed solution is then ultrasonically stirred in a water bath to ensure that the TiO2 nanorods are uniformly dispersed in the deionized water, thus obtaining a first dispersion. The duration of ultrasonic stirring in the water bath can be selected as needed, such as 3 minutes, 5 minutes, or other durations.

[0064] DuPont Nafion D520 solution and solvent are added sequentially to the first dispersion. Taking n-propanol as the solvent, DuPont Nafion D520 solution can be added to the first dispersion first, followed by n-propanol. Then, the mixture is ball-milled at 1500 rpm for at least 30 minutes to obtain the first mixture. To ensure uniform dispersion in the first mixture, the ball-milled mixture can be further dispersed. For example, the first mixture can be dispersed at a set frequency for a set duration using an ultrasonic stirrer. For instance, a 40 kHz ultrasonic stirrer can be used to disperse the first mixture for 10 minutes. The dispersion frequency can be 5 seconds of dispersion followed by a 3-second pause, or other dispersion frequencies can be used. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0065] For the first mixture after ultrasonic stirring, the dispersed first mixture can be placed in a centrifugal defoamer for degassing treatment, for example, the degassing time can be 20 seconds, and then a porous breathable layer ink can be obtained.

[0066] In this porous breathable layer ink, the mass ratio of Ti-based nanoparticles, DuPont Nafion D520 solution, deionized water, and solvent is 1:5:1:0.2; the mass ratio of polymeric material to Ti-based nanoparticles in the DuPont Nafion solution is 0.15-0.8; the mass ratio of deionized water to solvent is 5-20; and the solid content of the porous breathable layer ink is 15%-30% by mass.

[0067] In step 302, the porous breathable layer ink is coated onto the substrate.

[0068] In step 303, the porous breathable layer ink coated on the substrate is transferred to the proton exchange membrane by thermal transfer to form the porous breathable layer.

[0069] In this embodiment, after the porous permeable layer ink is coated onto the substrate, it can be dried under set environmental conditions to maintain its dry state. Then, a thermal transfer method is used to transfer the porous permeable layer ink onto the upper and lower surfaces of the proton exchange membrane, thereby obtaining the anode porous permeable layer 2 and the cathode porous permeable layer 3. The process conditions of the thermal transfer method can be selected as needed; for example, the temperature range of the thermal transfer method can be 130℃-180℃, and the pressure can be 2MPa-10MPa. Moreover, the method of forming a porous permeable layer by transferring the porous permeable layer ink using the thermal transfer method can be carried out under dry conditions. Compared with the method of forming a porous permeable layer by spraying the porous permeable layer ink, this avoids the proton exchange membrane 1 from becoming damp and wrinkled, which is beneficial for protecting the proton exchange membrane 1.

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The present invention provides a method for preparing an anode layer 4, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0071] In step 401, the anode titanium mesh skeleton is obtained.

[0072] In this embodiment, the anode titanium mesh skeleton can be pretreated. For example, a 200μm thick, 200-mesh TA1 type titanium mesh can be selected as the anode titanium mesh skeleton, and the TA1 type titanium mesh can be electroplated with platinum metal with a plating thickness of 500nm.

[0073] In step 402, iridium oxide particles are mixed with deionized water and dispersed by ultrasonic stirring in a water bath to obtain a second dispersion.

[0074] In this embodiment, the particle size of the iridium oxide particles can be selected as needed. For example, iridium oxide particles with a particle size of 2-20 nm can be mixed with deionized water at room temperature (25°C). The mixed solution is then ultrasonically stirred in a water bath to ensure that the iridium oxide particles are evenly dispersed in the deionized water, thus obtaining a second dispersion. The duration of the ultrasonic stirring in the water bath can be selected as needed, such as 3 minutes, 5 minutes, or other durations.

[0075] In step 403, DuPont Nafion D520 solution and solvent are added sequentially to the second dispersion to obtain a second mixture.

[0076] In this embodiment, the solvent may include ethanol, n-propanol, or isopropanol. Taking n-propanol as an example, DuPont Nafion D520 solution can be added to the second dispersion first, followed by n-propanol, and then the mixture can be ball-milled at 1500 r / min for at least 30 min to obtain the second mixture.

[0077] In step 404, the second mixture is sequentially dispersed and degassed to obtain the anode catalyst layer ink.

[0078] In this embodiment, in order to make the second mixture uniformly dispersed, the ball-milled second mixture can be dispersed, for example, by using an ultrasonic stirring rod to disperse the second mixture at a set dispersion frequency for a set duration. For example, a 40kHz ultrasonic stirring rod can be used to disperse the second mixture for 10 minutes. The dispersion frequency can be 5 seconds of dispersion followed by 3 seconds of pause, or other dispersion frequencies can be used. This application does not limit this.

[0079] For the second mixture after ultrasonic stirring, the dispersed second mixture can be placed in a centrifugal defoamer for degassing treatment, for example, the degassing time can be 20 seconds, and then the anodic catalyst layer ink is obtained. In this anodic catalyst layer ink, the mass ratio of iridium oxide particles, DuPont Nafion D520 solution, deionized water and solvent is 1:2.5:0.8:50.

[0080] In step 405, the anode catalyst layer ink is sprayed onto the anode titanium mesh skeleton, and a polymer layer is sprayed onto the surface of the anode catalyst layer ink to obtain the anode layer 4.

[0081] In this embodiment, the iridium oxide loading in the anode layer 4 is 0.7 mg / cm2, and the polymer layer can be formed by spraying DuPont Nafion D520 solution onto the surface of the anode catalyst layer, with a polymer loading of 0.1 mg / cm2.

[0082] like Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The present invention provides a method for preparing a cathode layer 5, which may specifically include the following steps:

[0083] In step 501, the cathode titanium mesh skeleton is obtained.

[0084] In this embodiment, the cathode titanium mesh skeleton can be pretreated. For example, a 200μm thick, 200-mesh TA1 type titanium mesh can be selected as the cathode titanium mesh skeleton, and the TA1 type titanium mesh can be electroplated with platinum metal with a plating thickness of 500nm.

[0085] In step 502, the carbon-supported platinum catalyst is mixed with deionized water and dispersed by ultrasonic stirring in a water bath to obtain a second dispersion.

[0086] In this embodiment, the particle size of the iridium oxide particles can be selected as needed. For example, iridium oxide particles with a particle size of 2-20 nm can be mixed with deionized water at room temperature (25°C). The mixed solution is then ultrasonically stirred in a water bath to ensure that the iridium oxide particles are evenly dispersed in the deionized water, thus obtaining a second dispersion. The duration of the ultrasonic stirring in the water bath can be selected as needed, such as 3 minutes, 5 minutes, or other durations.

[0087] In step 503, DuPont Nafion D520 solution and solvent are added sequentially to the second dispersion to obtain a second mixture.

[0088] In this embodiment, the solvent may include ethanol, n-propanol, or isopropanol. Taking n-propanol as an example, DuPont Nafion D520 solution can be added to the second dispersion first, followed by n-propanol, and then the mixture can be ball-milled at 1500 r / min for at least 30 min to obtain the second mixture.

[0089] In step 504, the second mixture is sequentially dispersed and degassed to obtain the cathode catalytic layer ink.

[0090] In this embodiment, in order to make the second mixture uniformly dispersed, the ball-milled second mixture can be dispersed, for example, by using an ultrasonic stirring rod to disperse the second mixture at a set dispersion frequency for a set duration. For example, a 50kHz ultrasonic stirring rod can be used to disperse the second mixture for 10 minutes. The dispersion frequency can be 5 seconds of dispersion followed by 3 seconds of pause, or other dispersion frequencies can be used. This application does not limit this.

[0091] For the second mixture after ultrasonic stirring, the dispersed second mixture can be placed in a centrifugal defoamer for degassing treatment, for example, the degassing time can be 20 seconds, and then the cathode catalytic layer ink is obtained. In this cathode catalytic layer ink, the mass ratio of carbon-supported platinum catalyst, DuPont Nafion D520 solution, deionized water and solvent is 1:7:7:50.

[0092] In step 505, the cathode catalyst layer ink is sprayed onto the cathode titanium mesh skeleton, and a polymer layer is sprayed onto the surface of the cathode catalyst layer ink to obtain the cathode layer 5.

[0093] In this embodiment, the platinum loading in the cathode layer 5 is 0.25 mg / cm2, and the polymer layer can be formed by spraying DuPont Nafion D520 solution onto the surface of the cathode catalyst layer, with a polymer loading of 0.1 mg / cm2.

[0094] Based on the technical solution of this disclosure, a fuel cell is also provided, which may include the membrane electrode as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, or the model electrode obtained by the preparation method as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0095] Based on the technical solution of this disclosure, an electrolytic cell is also provided, which may include the membrane electrode as described in any of the foregoing embodiments, or the mold electrode obtained by the preparation method as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0096] The electrolyzer and fuel cell described in the foregoing embodiments can be applied to the same hydrogen energy storage system, or only the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell or the membrane electrode assembly of the electrolyzer in the same hydrogen energy storage system can adopt the membrane electrode scheme provided in this application. This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0097] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0098] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a membrane electrode, characterized by, The application relates to a membrane electrode preparation method. The method comprises the following steps: forming porous gas-permeable layers on opposite sides of the proton exchange membrane; pressing the anode layer on one side of the porous gas-permeable layer away from the proton exchange membrane; pressing the cathode layer on the other side of the porous gas-permeable layer away from the proton exchange membrane, to obtain the membrane electrode. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a titanium mesh skeleton; mixing one of iridium oxide particles and carbon-supported platinum catalyst with deionized water, and dispersing by water bath ultrasonic stirring to obtain a second dispersion liquid, wherein the iridium oxide particles are used to form an anode catalytic layer ink, and the carbon-supported platinum catalyst is used to form a cathode catalytic layer ink; adding Dupont Nafion D520 solution and a solvent to the second dispersion liquid in sequence to obtain a second mixed liquid, wherein the solvent comprises ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol; after the second mixed liquid is subjected to dispersion and defoaming treatment in sequence, an anode catalytic layer ink or a cathode catalytic layer ink is obtained; spraying the anode catalytic layer ink on the titanium mesh skeleton, and spraying a polymer layer on the surface of the anode catalytic layer ink to obtain the anode layer; or spraying the cathode catalytic layer ink on the titanium mesh skeleton, and spraying a polymer layer on the surface of the cathode catalytic layer ink to obtain the cathode layer.

2. The method for producing a membrane electrode according to claim 1, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: configuring a porous gas-permeable layer ink; coating the porous gas-permeable layer ink on a substrate; transferring the porous gas-permeable layer ink coated on the substrate to the proton exchange membrane by a thermal transfer method to form the porous gas-permeable layer.

3. The method for producing a membrane electrode according to claim 2, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: mixing Ti-based nanoparticles and deionized water, and dispersing by water bath ultrasonic stirring to obtain a first dispersion liquid; adding Dupont Nafion D520 solution and a solvent to the first dispersion liquid in sequence to obtain a first mixed liquid, wherein the solvent comprises ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol; after the first mixed liquid is subjected to dispersion and defoaming treatment in sequence, a porous gas-permeable layer ink is obtained.

4. The membrane electrode preparation method according to claim 3, wherein: the mass ratio of Ti-based nanoparticles, Dupont Nafion D520 solution, deionized water and the solvent is 1:5:1:0.2; or, after the Dupont Nafion D520 solution and the solvent are added to the first dispersion liquid in sequence, the first mixed liquid is obtained by adding the Dupont Nafion D520 solution and the solvent and then performing planetary ball milling at 1500 r / min for 30 min or more; or, the dispersion and defoaming treatment of the first mixed liquid comprises dispersing the first mixed liquid by using an ultrasonic stirring rod at a set dispersion frequency for a set time length, and then defoaming the dispersed first mixed liquid in a centrifugal defoaming machine to obtain a porous gas-permeable layer ink.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the membrane electrode is prepared by the steps of: The mass ratio of the iridium oxide particles, the Dupont Nafion D520 solution, the deionized water and the solvent is 1:2.5:0.8:

50.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the membrane electrode is prepared by the steps of: The mass ratio of the carbon-supported platinum catalyst, the Dupont Nafion D520 solution, the deionized water, and the solvent is 1:7:7:50; Alternatively, the adding of the Dupont Nafion D520 solution and the n-propanol into the dispersion liquid in sequence to obtain a mixed liquid comprises: after the adding of the Dupont Nafion D520 solution and the n-propanol, performing planetary ball milling at 1500 r / min for 30 min or more to obtain the mixed liquid; Alternatively, the dispersion and defoaming treatment of the mixed liquid in sequence comprises: dispersing the mixed liquid for a set time length by using an ultrasonic stirring rod at a set dispersion frequency, and then placing the dispersed mixed liquid in a centrifugal defoaming machine for defoaming treatment.

7. A membrane electrode characterized by, The membrane electrode obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. A fuel cell characterized by comprising: The membrane electrode obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. An electrolytic cell characterized in that, The membrane electrode obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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