A cultivation method of Auricularia auricula for increasing riboflavin content

Abstract

A cultivation medium for Auricularia auricula that can increase riboflavin content, belonging to the technical field of breeding and cultivation of high-riboflavin Auricularia auricula strains, is composed of basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, purified water and a fermented product. The fermented product, calculated by weight, is prepared by mixing 10 - 12 parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., 5 - 8 parts of Ginkgo biloba leaves, 3 - 6 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., 20 - 30 parts of pine cones and 15 - 18 parts of walnut shells into a mixed powder 1, adding chaff, corn flour and sucrose powder to form a mixed powder 2, and then fermenting with Hansenula anomala, Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis after sterilization. The cultivation medium prepared by the present invention effectively increases the riboflavin content in Auricularia auricula, reaching more than 2 mg / 100 g of dry Auricularia auricula, shortens the cultivation cycle of Auricularia auricula, and at the same time, the dry Auricularia auricula yield reaches more than 120 g / bag. The above cultivation method can be used for the seedling cultivation of high-riboflavin Auricularia auricula strains, and high-quality strains of high-riboflavin Auricularia auricula can be obtained through the cultivation with this cultivation medium.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of Patent 202411069567.4 with the invention title "A Preparation Method of Cultivation Substrate for Cultivating Auricularia auricula with High Riboflavin Content". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the technical field of breeding and cultivation of Auricularia auricula strains with high riboflavin content, and specifically relates to a preparation method of cultivation substrate for cultivating Auricularia auricula with high riboflavin content. Background Art

[0003] Vitamin B2, also known as riboflavin, is a type of B vitamin and is a water-soluble vitamin. It is easily digested and absorbed and is a component of the prosthetic group of flavoenzymes in the body. After vitamin B2 enters the human body, it is phosphorylated, transformed into phosphoric acid riboflavin and flavin adenine dinucleotide, and combined with proteins to become a dehydrogenase that regulates the oxidation-reduction process. Dehydrogenase is an important substance for maintaining tissue cell respiration. If the human body lacks vitamin B2, the metabolism of substances in the body will be disordered, and angular cheilitis, cheilitis, glossitis, conjunctivitis, and balanitis will occur. The storage of vitamin B2 in the human body is very limited, and it needs to be supplemented by diet every day.

[0004] Auricularia auricula is a nutritious edible mushroom and is also a traditional health food and export commodity in China. The content of protein, vitamins, and iron in dried Auricularia auricula is very high. Its protein contains various amino acids, especially lysine and leucine are the most abundant. According to modern scientific analysis, every 100 grams of dried product contains 10.6 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 65 grams of carbohydrates, 7 grams of crude fiber, 375 milligrams of calcium, 201 milligrams of phosphorus, 185 milligrams of iron. In addition, it also contains 0.15 milligrams of vitamin B1, 0.55 milligrams of vitamin B2, and 2.7 milligrams of niacin. As a food with a high riboflavin content, Auricularia auricula is the main dietary source for the human body to supplement riboflavin. Therefore, it is necessary to further increase the riboflavin content of Auricularia auricula and improve its nutritional value during the cultivation process of Auricularia auricula. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation substrate for Auricularia auricula with increased vitamin B2.

[0006] The second purpose of this invention is to provide a preparation method of the above cultivation substrate. The prepared cultivation substrate can effectively promote the rapid growth of Auricularia auricula, shorten the cultivation cycle of Auricularia auricula, and effectively increase its riboflavin content and the yield of Auricularia auricula.

[0007] The third purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method of Auricularia auricula based on the above cultivation substrate.

[0008] The purpose of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A cultivation medium for Auricularia auricula that can increase vitamin B2, characterized in that it is composed of a mixture of basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, purified water and a fermented product. By weight, the fermented product is prepared by crushing and mixing 10 - 12 parts of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., 5 - 8 parts of Ginkgo biloba leaves, 3 - 6 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., 20 - 30 parts of pine cones, and 15 - 18 parts of walnut shells into a mixed powder 1, adding bran hulls, corn flour and sucrose powder to form a mixed powder 2, and after sterilization, fermenting with Hansenula arabitolgenes ( Hansenula arabitolgenes ), Lactococcus lactis ( Lactococcus lactis ), and Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis ).

[0010] Furthermore, Hansenula arabitolgenes GDMCC NO.: 2.22; Lactococcus lactis is GDMCC NO.: 1.1803; Bacillus licheniformis is GDMCC NO.: 1.362. The aforementioned strains are all commercially available products.

[0011] Furthermore, by weight, the mass ratio of the mixed powder 1, bran hulls, corn flour and sucrose powder in the mixed powder 2 is 50 - 55:20 - 25:30 - 35:25 - 28.

[0012] Furthermore, for the fermentation, purified water is added to the sterilized mixed powder 2, stirred evenly, and then Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula arabitolgenes are added. The fermentation temperature is set at 28 - 30 °C, and fermented for 25 - 30 days to obtain the fermented product.

[0013] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2 to purified water is 1:0.5 - 0.7, and the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula arabitolgenes is 100:1: 0.3: 0.5.

[0014] The mass of the microorganism is calculated based on the viable cell count mass.

[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the fermented product, basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder and purified water in the cultivation medium is 30 - 50:10 - 20:2 - 3:2 - 3:5 - 8.

[0016] The preparation method of the above cultivation medium is characterized in that: Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Ginkgo biloba leaves, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., pine cones and walnut shells are crushed and mixed into a mixed powder 1, adding bran hulls, corn flour and sucrose powder to form a mixed powder 2, and after sterilization, fermenting with Hansenula arabitolgenes ( Hansenula arabitolgenes ), Lactococcus lactis ( Lactococcus lactis ), and Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis)(Perform fermentation to prepare a fermented product, add Tilia sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder and purified water to the fermented product, and stir and mix evenly to obtain a cultivation material.)

[0017] Furthermore, by weight, in the mixed powder 1, there are 10 - 12 parts of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, 5 - 8 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3 - 6 parts of licorice, 20 - 30 parts of pinecone, and 15 - 18 parts of walnut shell. In the mixed powder 2, the mass ratio of the mixed powder 1, chaff, corn flour and sucrose powder is 50 - 55:20 - 25:30 - 35:25 - 28.)

[0018] Furthermore, for the fermentation, purified water is added to the sterilized mixed powder 2, stirred evenly, and then Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula anomala are added. The fermentation temperature is set at 28 - 30 °C, and fermented for 25 - 30 days to obtain a fermented product; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2 to purified water is 1:0.5 - 0.7, and the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula anomala is 100:1: 0.3: 0.5.)

[0019] Most specifically, a method for preparing a cultivation material for Auricularia auricula that can increase vitamin B2, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0020] Fermentation to prepare a fermented product:

[0021] Take 10 - 12 parts of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, 5 - 8 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3 - 6 parts of licorice, 20 - 30 parts of pinecone, and 15 - 18 parts of walnut shell by weight, place them in a universal crusher, crush and pass through a 40 - mesh sieve to obtain a mixed powder 1 for standby;

[0022] Add chaff, corn flour, and sucrose powder to the mixed powder 1, then place it in a three - dimensional motion mixer, set the rotation speed at 15 - 20 revolutions per minute, mix for 30 - 40 minutes, after mixing is completed, take it out to obtain a mixed powder 2; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 1, chaff, corn flour and sucrose powder is 50 - 55:20 - 25:30 - 35:25 - 28;

[0023] Sterilize the mixed powder 2 at 121 °C for 20 - 30 min, then add purified water, stir evenly, and add Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula anomala. Set the fermentation temperature at 28 - 30 °C, ferment for 25 - 30 days, and after fermentation is completed, obtain a fermented product; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2 to purified water is 1:0.5 - 0.7, and the mass ratio of the viable cell numbers of the mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, Hansenula anomala is 100:1: 0.3: 0.5;

[0024] Mixing to prepare a cultivation material:

[0025] Add Tilia sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water to the fermented product, stir and mix evenly to obtain the cultivation material. The mass ratio of the fermented product, Tilia sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water is 30-50:10-20:2-3:2-3:5-8.

[0026] A cultivation method of Auricularia auricula for increasing vitamin B2, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1. Prepare the cultivation material:

[0028] (1) Take 10-12 parts by weight of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, 5-8 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3-6 parts of licorice, 20-30 parts of pinecone, and 15-18 parts of walnut shell, place them in a universal pulverizer, pulverize and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder 1 for standby;

[0029] (2) Add bran hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder to the mixed powder 1, then place them in a three-dimensional motion mixer, set the rotation speed to 15-20 revolutions / min, mix for 30-40 minutes, take out after mixing to obtain mixed powder 2; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 1, bran hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder is 50-55:20-25:30-35:25-28;

[0030] (3) Sterilize the mixed powder 2 at 121 °C for 20-30 min, then add purified water, stir evenly, add Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Hansenula anomala, set the fermentation temperature to 28-30 °C, ferment for 25-30 days, and obtain a fermented product after fermentation; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2 to purified water is 1:0.5-0.7, and the mass ratio of the viable bacteria numbers of the mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Hansenula anomala is 100:1:0.3:0.5;

[0031] (4) Add Tilia sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water to the fermented product, stir and mix evenly to obtain the cultivation material. The mass ratio of the fermented product, Tilia sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water is 30-50:10-20:2-3:2-3:5-8;

[0032] Step 2. Inoculate and cultivate Auricularia auricula:

[0033] (1) Pack the cultivation material into edible fungus bags at 2.5-3.0 kg per bag, sterilize at 121 °C for 20-30 min, and then inoculate with Auricularia auricula strains. The inoculation amount of Auricularia auricula strains is 1%-3%;

[0034] (2)Uniformly punch holes in the mushroom bags with iron nails having a diameter of 5 - 7 mm. There are 15 - 18 holes in the whole mushroom bag, and the hole depth is 1 - 2 cm. Cultivate for 45 - 50 days at a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 85% - 90%. Harvest when the auricularia auricula slices are fully expanded and the ear roots become thinner.

[0035] During the fermentation process, flavin and nutrient components that can synthesize flavin will be produced after the fermentation of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Folium Ginkgo, and Radix Glycyrrhizae. However, flavin is extremely unstable and will decompose and be damaged under the changes of factors such as light, high temperature, and pH. Moreover, as a nutrient component and substrate for the growth of Auricularia auricula in the cultivation material, flavin is very difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by Auricularia auricula, and the purpose of increasing the flavin content in Auricularia auricula cannot be achieved.

[0036] In the present invention, by adding pinecones and walnut shells to the fermentation substrate, on the one hand, it provides nutrient components for microbial fermentation, and on the other hand, it regulates the fermentation microenvironment and promotes the rapid fermentation and metabolism of microorganisms. During the fermentation process, a microbial fermentation system is formed by Hansenula anomala arabinitol, Lactococcus lactis, and Bacillus licheniformis. Through the fermentation and decomposition of the fermentation substrate and its own metabolism, a nutrient system conducive to the enrichment and deposition of flavin in Auricularia auricula is formed. While this system inhibits the decomposition of flavin, it effectively ensures that flavin can be efficiently absorbed and utilized by Auricularia auricula. The addition of the fermented product in the cultivation material regulates the pH and looseness of the cultivation material, effectively reducing the decomposition of flavin. At the same time, it is also conducive to Auricularia auricula quickly absorbing the nutrient components in the cultivation material and even the fermented product. Through the rapid supply of nutrient components, the growth cycle of Auricularia auricula is effectively shortened. The rapid growth of Auricularia auricula, the efficient utilization of nutrient components, improve the growth condition of Auricularia auricula. The improvement of the growth of Auricularia auricula effectively promotes the increase of the flavin content in its body, and at the same time is conducive to the increase of the yield of Auricularia auricula.

[0037] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0038] In the present invention, by preparing a fermented product from Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, Folium Ginkgo, Radix Glycyrrhizae, pinecones, and walnut shells through specific microbial fermentation and using it in the cultivation material, it effectively promotes the growth of Auricularia auricula, and improves the absorption and self - synthesis of flavin by Auricularia auricula, thereby increasing the flavin content in Auricularia auricula to more than 2 mg / 100 g of dry ear. At the same time, it shortens the cultivation cycle of Auricularia auricula and significantly increases the yield of Auricularia auricula, and the dry ear yield reaches more than 120 g / bag. Through the above cultivation method, it can be used for the seedling cultivation of new strains of high - flavin Auricularia auricula, thereby obtaining new strains of high - flavin Auricularia auricula. Specific embodiments

[0039] The present invention will be specifically described below through embodiments. It is necessary to point out here that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above content of the present invention.

[0040] In the present invention, the microorganism Hansenula arabitolgenes used has GDMCC NO.: 2.22; Lactococcus lactis has GDMCC NO.: 1.1803; Bacillus licheniformis has GDMCC NO.: 1.362. The aforementioned bacterial strains are all commercially available products and are purchased from the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A method for preparing a cultivation material for Auricularia auricula that can increase riboflavin includes the following steps:

[0043] Fermenting to prepare a fermented product:

[0044] Take 10 parts by weight of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., 6 parts of Ginkgo biloba leaves, 5 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., 25 parts of pine cones, and 16 parts of walnut shells, place them in a universal pulverizer, pulverize and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder 1 for standby;

[0045] Add chaff hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder to the mixed powder 1, then place them in a three-dimensional motion mixer, set the rotation speed to 20 revolutions / min, mix for 35 minutes, end the mixing, take out, and obtain mixed powder 2; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 1, chaff hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder is 52:24:32:26;

[0046] Sterilize the mixed powder 2 at 121 °C for 25 min, then add purified water, stir evenly, add Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Hansenula arabitolgenes, set the fermentation temperature to 28 - 30 °C, ferment for 28 days, and obtain a fermented product after fermentation; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2 to purified water is 1:0.6, and the mass ratio of the viable bacteria numbers of the mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Hansenula arabitolgenes is 100:1:0.3:0.5;

[0047] Mixing to prepare a cultivation material:

[0048] Add basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water to the fermented product, stir and mix evenly to obtain a cultivation material, and the mass ratio of the fermented product, basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water is 40:15:2.5:2.5:6.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] Compared with Example 1, during the preparation of the cultivation medium, the fermenting microorganisms were changed from Hansenula arabitolophila and Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis in Example 1 to Candida tropicalis and Pediococcus acidilactici to form a new microbial agent for fermentation to prepare the fermented product, and the remaining steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0051] The Candida tropicalis used in Comparative Example 1 ( Candida tropicalis ), with the preservation number of GDMCC NO.2.147, and the Pediococcus acidilactici ( Pediococcus acidilactici ), with the preservation number of GDMCC NO.1.263.

[0052] Comparative Example 2

[0053] Compared with Example 1, when selecting the fermentation raw materials, almond shells and ginkgo shells were used to replace the pine cones and walnut shells in Example 1 respectively, and the remaining components and preparation steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0054] Take equal amounts of the fermented products prepared in Example 3, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, and detect the contents of amino acids, total acids, riboflavin, etc. in the fermented products. The detection results are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1: Nutritional composition results of different fermented products

[0056]

[0057] As can be seen from the above table, obvious changes have occurred in the components such as pH, total amino acid content, and total acid content of the fermented products prepared by fermentation in Example 3, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. Among them, obvious differences have also appeared in the proportion of each component in the organic acids. This shows that there are differences in the composition structure of the nutritional components in the fermented products obtained from different fermentation systems, which have different effects on the growth of Auricularia auricula in the subsequent cultivation medium. At the same time, through the method of the present invention, the riboflavin content in the prepared fermented product is significantly higher than that of the fermented products in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0058] Take equal amounts of the cultivation media in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, bag them and sterilize them, and place them in a sunny environment at a temperature of 30 °C and a relative humidity of 80% for 30 days. Then detect the riboflavin content in the cultivation media and find that the riboflavin content in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 has all decreased to varying degrees compared with the initial level, by 10.15%, 18.39%, and 16.72% respectively. This also shows that the fermentation product microenvironment formed in Example 1 has significantly improved the inhibitory effect on the decomposition of riboflavin.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] A cultivation method of Auricularia auricula for increasing riboflavin, comprising the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Prepare the cultivation material:

[0062] Use the cultivation material prepared in Example 1;

[0063] Step 2: Inoculate and cultivate Auricularia auricula:

[0064] (1) Fill the cultivation material into edible mushroom bags at 2.8 kg per bag, sterilize at 121 °C for 20 - 30 min, and then inoculate with Auricularia auricula strain, with the inoculation amount of Auricularia auricula strain being 2%;

[0065] (2) Uniformly punch holes in the mushroom bags with iron nails having a diameter of 5 - 7 mm. There are 16 holes in the whole mushroom bag, with the hole depth being 1 - 2 cm. Cultivate at a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 85% - 90%. Harvest when the auricle is fully expanded and the ear root becomes thinner.

[0066] According to the cultivation method of Example 2, use the cultivation materials of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 to inoculate and cultivate Auricularia auricula. Two control groups are set up. Compared with Example 1, in Control Group 1, no ferment was added to the cultivation material. Instead, a mixture formed by equal amounts of rice hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder was mixed with equal amounts of basswood sawdust, quicklime, and gypsum powder, and purified water was added to adjust to the same water content. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the cultivation material used in Control Group 2 was added with riboflavin having the same content as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0067] Table 2:

[0068]

[0069] It can be seen that in Control Group 1, the conventional cultivation medium was used, and the cultivation cycle for Auricularia auricula was 60 - 62 days, with the vitamin B2 content being 0.59 mg / 100 g of dry ear. In Control Group 2, vitamin B2 was directly added to the cultivation medium, but there were no significant changes in the cultivation cycle, bag yield, vitamin B2 content, and the characteristics of Auricularia auricula, indicating that vitamin B2 in the cultivation medium was not effectively absorbed and utilized by Auricularia auricula. In Example 1 of the present invention, a fermented product was prepared by fermenting with a specific microbial complex agent, and the prepared cultivation medium was inoculated with Auricularia auricula. The cultivation cycle was shortened from 62 days to 50 days, the bag yield reached 122 g / bag, and the vitamin B2 content in Auricularia auricula increased to 2.03 mg / 100 g of dry ear. In Comparative Example 1, due to the change in the composition structure of nutrients in the fermented product, there were also obvious differences in the absorption of nutrients by Auricularia auricula during growth. Its bag yield decreased significantly compared to Example 2, and the vitamin B2 content was also at a relatively low level. In Comparative Example 2, since the nut shell was changed during the fermentation process, the fermentation degree of microorganisms during the fermentation process was affected to a certain extent, and there were also differences in the looseness and air permeability of the cultivation medium in the cultivation medium, resulting in an impact on the process of Auricularia auricula growing and absorbing nutrients. Finally, there were obvious differences in the cultivation cycle, bag yield, and vitamin B2 content compared to Example 1.

[0070] In addition, during the test, when inoculating Auricularia auricula with the cultivation media of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the vitamin B2 content in the cultivation media of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was adjusted to be the same as that in Example 2 by adding vitamin B2 externally, and then Auricularia auricula was inoculated for cultivation (denoted as Comparative Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 2-1 respectively). In the cultivation media with the same vitamin B2 content, there were basically no changes in the cultivation cycle, bag yield, and ear piece characteristics of Comparative Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 2-1, which were consistent with Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. The vitamin B2 was 0.84 mg / 100 g of dry ear and 0.91 mg / 100 g of dry ear respectively, slightly higher than that in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, but the increase was not obvious. After harvesting Auricularia auricula, the vitamin B2 content in the cultivation media of Example 2, Comparative Example 1-1, and Comparative Example 2-1 decreased by 74.4%, 60.9%, and 52.8% respectively compared to the content before cultivation inoculation. It can be seen that in the present invention, due to the rapid growth of Auricularia auricula and the relatively fast absorption and utilization rate of vitamin B2 in the cultivation medium, vitamin B2 can be efficiently utilized. Compared with the present invention, in the cultivation media of Comparative Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 2-1, since the growth of Auricularia auricula was relatively slow and the absorption and utilization rate of vitamin B2 was relatively slow, there was obvious decomposition loss of vitamin B2 and the situation where it was not absorbed and utilized by Auricularia auricula.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] A cultivation method for Auricularia auricula to increase vitamin B2, comprising the following steps:

[0073] Step 1. Prepare the cultivation material:

[0074] (1) Take 12 parts by weight of Chrysanthemi Flos, 8 parts of Ginkgo Folium, 6 parts of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 30 parts of pine cones, and 18 parts of walnut shells, place them in a universal pulverizer, pulverize and sieve through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder 1 for standby;

[0075] (2) Add chaff, corn flour, and sucrose powder to the mixed powder 1, then place it in a three-dimensional motion mixer, set the rotation speed to 15 revolutions / min, mix for 40 minutes, and after mixing, take it out to obtain mixed powder 2; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 1, chaff, corn flour, and sucrose powder is 50:25:35:28;

[0076] (3) Sterilize the mixed powder 2 at 121°C for 20 minutes, then add purified water, stir evenly, add Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Hansenula anomala, set the fermentation temperature to 28 - 30°C, ferment for 30 days, and obtain a fermented product after fermentation; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2 to purified water is 1:0.5, and the mass ratio of the viable bacteria counts of the mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Hansenula anomala is 100:1:0.3:0.5;

[0077] (4) Add basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water to the fermented product, stir and mix evenly to obtain the cultivation material, and the mass ratio of the fermented product, basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water is 30:10:2:2:5;

[0078] Step 2. Inoculate and cultivate Auricularia auricula:

[0079] (1) Pack the cultivation material into edible mushroom bags at 2.8 kg per bag, sterilize at 121°C for 20 - 30 minutes, and then inoculate with Auricularia auricula strains, and the inoculation amount of Auricularia auricula strains is 3%;

[0080] (2) Uniformly punch holes in the mushroom bags with iron nails with a diameter of 5 - 7 mm, with a total of 16 holes in the whole mushroom bag and a hole depth of 1 - 2 cm, and cultivate at a temperature of 20 - 25°C and a relative humidity of 85% - 90%. When the auricularia auricula slices are fully expanded and the ear roots become thinner, harvest.

[0081] The dry ear yield of Auricularia auricula obtained by cultivation in this example reaches 120 g / bag, and the content of vitamin B2 in Auricularia auricula reaches 2.01 mg / 100 g of dry ear.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] A cultivation method of Auricularia auricula for increasing vitamin B2 includes the following steps:

[0084] Step 1. Prepare the cultivation material:

[0085] (1) Take 11 parts by weight of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, 5 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3 parts of licorice root, 20 parts of pinecone, and 15 parts of walnut shell, place them in a universal grinder, pulverize and sieve through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder 1 for standby;

[0086] (2) Add chaff hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder to mixed powder 1, then place it in a three-dimensional motion mixer, set the rotation speed to 20 revolutions per minute, mix for 30 minutes, take it out after mixing to obtain mixed powder 2; the mass ratio of mixed powder 1, chaff hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder is 55:20:30:25;

[0087] (3) Sterilize mixed powder 2 at 121 °C for 30 min, then add purified water, stir evenly, add Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Hansenula anomala, set the fermentation temperature to 28 - 30 °C, ferment for 25 days, and obtain a fermented product after fermentation; the mass ratio of mixed powder 2 to purified water is 1:0.7, and the viable count mass ratio of mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Hansenula anomala is 100:1:0.3:0.5;

[0088] (4) Add basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water to the fermented product, stir and mix evenly to obtain a cultivation material, and the mass ratio of the fermented product, basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water is 50:20:3:3:8;

[0089] Step Two: Inoculate and cultivate Auricularia auricula:

[0090] (1) Pack the cultivation material into edible mushroom bags at 2.8 kg per bag, sterilize at 121 °C for 20 - 30 min, then inoculate Auricularia auricula strains, and the inoculation amount of Auricularia auricula strains is 1%;

[0091] (2) Uniformly punch holes in the mushroom bags with iron nails having a diameter of 5 - 7 mm, with a total of 16 holes in the whole mushroom bag and a hole depth of 1 - 2 cm, cultivate at a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 85% - 90%, and harvest when the auricle slices are fully expanded and the ear roots become thinner.

[0092] The dry ear yield of Auricularia auricula obtained by cultivation in this example reaches 124 g per bag, and the content of vitamin B2 in Auricularia auricula reaches 1.91 mg / 100 g of dry ear.

Claims

1. A cultivation material for black fungus that can increase riboflavin, characterized in that: It is composed of a mixture of Tilia sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, purified water and a ferment. The ferment is prepared by taking 10 - 12 parts by weight of Hangbai chrysanthemum, 5 - 8 parts by weight of Ginkgo biloba leaves, 3 - 6 parts by weight of liquorice, 20 - 30 parts by weight of pine cones, and 15 - 18 parts by weight of walnut shells, crushing and mixing them to form a mixed powder 1. Hemicellulose Hansenula yeast ( Hansenula arabitol genes ), Lactococcus lactis ( Lactococcus lactis ), and Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis ), with GDMCC NO.: 2.22, GDMCC NO.: 1.1803, and GDMCC NO.: 1.362 respectively, are added to the mixed powder 1, and then bran hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder are added and mixed to form a mixed powder 2. After sterilization, the mixture is fermented. The mass ratio of the mixed powder 1, bran hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder in the mixed powder 2 is 50 - 55:20 - 25:30 - 35:25 - 28.

2. The cultivation material of Auricularia auricula for improving riboflavin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation is carried out by adding purified water to the sterilized mixed powder 2, stirring evenly, adding Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula arabitolgenes, setting the fermentation temperature at 28-30 °C, and fermenting for 25-30 days to obtain a fermented product.

3. The cultivation material of Auricularia auricula for improving riboflavin according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the mixed powder 2 to the purified water is 1:0.5-0.7, and the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula arabitolgenes is 100:1: 0.3: 0.

5.

4. The cultivation material of Auricularia auricula for increasing riboflavin according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the fermented product, basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder and purified water in the cultivation material is 30-50:10-20:2-3:2-3:5-8.

5. A cultivation method of Auricularia auricula for increasing riboflavin, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1. Prepare the cultivation material: (1) Take 10-12 parts by weight of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, 5-8 parts of ginkgo leaves, 3-6 parts of licorice, 20-30 parts of pine cones, and 15-18 parts of walnut shells, place them in a universal pulverizer, pulverize and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder 1 for standby; (2) Add rice hulls, corn flour, and sucrose powder to the mixed powder 1, then place it in a three-dimensional motion mixer, set the rotation speed at 15-20 revolutions / min, mix for 30-40 minutes, and after mixing is completed, take it out to obtain mixed powder 2; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 1, rice hulls, corn flour and sucrose powder is 50-55:20-25:30-35:25-28; (3) Sterilize the mixed powder 2 at 121 °C for 20-30 min, then add purified water, stir evenly, add Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula arabitolgenes, set the fermentation temperature at 28-30 °C, and ferment for 25-30 days. After fermentation is completed, a fermented product is obtained; the mass ratio of the mixed powder 2 to the purified water is 1:0.5-0.7, the mass ratio of the viable bacteria numbers of the mixed powder 2, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis and Hansenula arabitolgenes is 100:1: 0.3: 0.5, the preservation number of Hansenula arabitolgenes is GDMCC NO.: 2.22, the preservation number of Lactococcus lactis is GDMCC NO.: 1.1803, and the preservation number of Bacillus licheniformis is GDMCC NO.: 1.362; (4) Add basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder, and purified water to the fermented product, stir and mix evenly to obtain the cultivation material, and the mass ratio of the fermented product, basswood sawdust, quicklime, gypsum powder and purified water is 30-50:10-20:2-3:2-3:5-8; Step 2. Inoculate and cultivate Auricularia auricula: (1) Pack the cultivation material into edible fungus bags at 2.5-3.0 kg per bag, sterilize at 121 °C for 20-30 min, and then inoculate with Auricularia auricula strains, and the inoculation amount of Auricularia auricula strains is 1%-3%; (2)Uniformly puncture the mushroom bag with iron nails having a diameter of 5 - 7 mm. There are 15 - 18 holes in the whole mushroom bag, and the hole depth is 1 - 2 cm. Cultivate for 45 - 50 days at a temperature of 20 - 25 °C and a relative humidity of 85% - 90%. Harvest when the auricularia auricula slices are fully expanded and the ear roots become thinner.

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